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Rusmin, Devi, M. R. Suhartanto, S. Ilyas, Dyah Manohara, and E. Widajati. "Growth Pattern, Biochemical and Physiological Characteristics to Determine Harvesting Time of Big White Ginger Rhizome Seeds." Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 29, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bullittro.v29n1.2018.9-20.
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<p>The use of young seed rhizomes became one of the obstacles in large white ginger (JPB) cultivation. Young ginger rhizomes rapidly shrank and decrease their viability. The experiment was aimed to study growth patterns, biochemical changes, and physiology of ginger plants to produce good quality rhizome seeds. JPB rhizome seeds used were 9 months old, have been stored for 2 weeks after harvest, weighed 30-40 g with 2-3 buds, healthy, and given seed treatment. The rhizomes were planted in growth medium in polybags (60 cm x 60 cm). The study was conducted by direct observation, repeated 4 times, consisting of 50 plants per replication. Observations were made on the plant growth patterns (plant height, stem length, tillers number, leaves number); rhizome development (fresh weight, branch rhizomes number, moisture content, and dry weight during growth); starch and hormonal content (IAA, gibberellin, ABA and cytokinin) of the rhizomes; and viability of rhizome seeds (growth rate, seed height, and dry weight). The results showed that the rhizomes of the 7-month-old ginger after planting (MAP) has entered the ripening phase, the rhizome morphology was optimal, and the starch content was not different from the rhizome seeds at 8 and 9 MAP. In addition, physiologically, the rhizome's growth potential was maximal (100%), growth rate (4.3% etmal<sup>-1</sup>), and seed height (33.8 cm) were better than 8 MAP (80%, 2.9% etmal<sup>-1</sup>, 33.7 cm) and 9 MAP (70%, 2.3% etmal<sup>-1</sup>, 29.4 cm). This study indicated that ginger rhizomes harvested from 7 months old plants can be used for seeds.</p>
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Ran, Fu, Xiaoming Bai, Juanxia Li, Yajuan Yuan, Changning Li, Ping Li, and Hui Chen. "Cytokinin and Metabolites Affect Rhizome Growth and Development in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis)." Biology 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2023): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12081120.
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Rhizome growth and development is regulated by phytohormone. However, endogenous phytohormones affect rhizome initiation, and sustained growth in perennial grass species remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the morphological characteristics and the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin (ZT), gibberellic acid (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA) in the rhizomes of two different Kentucky bluegrass. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), we performed metabolite analysis of two different rhizomes. In our study, the multi-rhizome Kentucky bluegrass material ‘Yuzhong’ had an average of 1113 rhizomes, while the few-rhizome material ‘Anding’ had an average of 347 rhizomes. The diameter of rhizome and length of rhizome internode in ‘Yuzhong’ were 1.68-fold and 1.33-fold higher than that of the ‘Anding’, respectively. The rhizome dry weight of ‘Yuzhong’ was 75.06 g, while the ‘Anding’ was 20.79 g. ‘Yuzhong’ had a higher ZT content (5.50 μg·g−1), which is 2.4-fold that of ‘Anding’ (2.27 μg·g−1). In contrast, the IAA, ABA, and GA3 content of rhizome were markedly higher in ‘Anding’ than ‘Yuzhong’. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between ZT and ZT/ABA with the number of rhizomes, diameter of rhizome, and length of rhizome internode, whereas IAA, ABA, GA3, and IAA/ZT were opposite. In the metabolic profiles, we identified 163 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (60 upregulated and 103 downregulated) in positive ion mode and 75 DEMs (36 upregulated and 39 downregulated) in negative ion mode. Histidine metabolism and ABC transporters pathways were the most significantly enriched in the positive and negative ion mode, respectively, both of which are involved in the synthesis and transport of cytokinin. These results indicate that cytokinin is crucial for rhizome development and promotes rhizome germination and growth of Kentucky bluegrass.
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CAO, Zhengyan, Ning TANG, Zexiong CHEN, Peiyin WU, Jiarui ZHENG, Jiabao YE, Yanni LIU, et al. "Transcriptomic analysis reveals transcription factors involved in vascular bundle development and tissue maturation in ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 51, no. 2 (June 7, 2023): 13131. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha51213131.
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Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important vegetable with medicinal value. Rhizome development determines ginger yield and quality. However, little information is available about the molecular features underlying rhizome expansion and maturation. In this study, we investigated anatomy characteristics, lignin accumulation and transcriptome profiles during rhizome development. In young rhizomes, the vascular bundle (VB) was generated with only vessels in it, whereas in matured rhizomes, three to five layers of fibre bundle in the xylem were formed, resulting in VB enlargement. It indicates VB development favouring rhizome swelling. With rhizome matured, the lignin content was remarkably elevated, thus facilitating tissue lignification. To explore the regulators for rhizome development, nine libraries including ginger young rhizomes (GYR), growing rhizomes (GGR), and matured rhizomes (GMR) were established for RNA-Seq, a total of 1264 transcription factors (TFs) were identified. Among them, 35, 116, and 14 differentially expressed TFs were obtained between GYR and GGR, GYR and GMR, and GGR and GMR, respectively. These TFs were further divided into three categories. Among them, three ZobHLHs (homologs of Arabidopsis LHW and AtbHLH096) as well as one DIVARICATA homolog in ginger might play crucial roles in controlling VB development. Four ZoWRKYs and two ZoNACs might be potential regulators associated with rhizome maturation. Three ZoAP2/ERFs and one ZoARF might participate in rhizome development via hormone signalling. This result provides a molecular basis for rhizome expansion and maturation in ginger.
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Chen, Yan, Jing Liu, Yifan Xu, Chaoqun Sun, Wenjie Qu, Hanchen Du, Menglu He, et al. "Comparison of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides Found in Young and Mature Rhizomes." Foods 13, no. 13 (June 25, 2024): 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13132010.
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The main active component of Polygonatum sibiricum (P. sibiricum) rhizome is Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide (PsP) with antioxidant function. At present, only the mature rhizome of P. sibiricum is used to extract PsP, while the young rhizome of by-product is discarded directly as waste, resulting in significant wastage of P. sibiricum resources. We used ultrasound-assisted extraction-deep eutectic solvents (UAE-DESs) method to extract PsP of young and mature rhizomes, respectively. The extraction rate, structure composition and antioxidant ability of PsP between young and mature rhizomes were compared, so as to provide references for comprehensive utilization of P. sibiricum resources. The PsP extraction rate (33.88 ± 1.95%) of young rhizome was close to that (45.08 ± 1.92%) of mature rhizomes. The main component (PsP-2) of the PsP in young rhizome contained six kinds of monosaccharides, which belonged to acidic polysaccharides. The above characteristics of the PsP of young rhizome were similar to those of mature rhizome. The PsP of young rhizome also exhibited similar biological activity to that of the mature rhizome, which indicated even more advantages in DPPH free radical scavenging ability. The results of this study support the utility of the young rhizome, consequently helping to avoid unnecessary waste and provide reference for comprehensive utilization of P. sibiricum.
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Kara, Nimet, and Gökhan Gürbüzer. "Effect of Harvest Times on Rhizoma Yield, Essential Oil Content and Composition in Iris germanica L. Species." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i5.707-713.2163.
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Research was conducted to examining the effects of harvest periods on root yield, essential oil content, resinoid content and essential oil composition of Iris species. Iris germanica field in Kuyucak town of Isparta which plant 3 years were constituted in 2016 year as three replications plots according to randomized block experimental design. Harvest was made in the middle each month from April to September (6 periods). Number of rhizomes weight, fresh rhizome yield, dry rhizome yield, essential oil ratio, resinoid ratio and composition in the Iris germanica were determined. In the study, differences between rhizome yield and examining characteristics of Iris germanica according to harvesting periods were statistically significant. Number of rhizomes varied between 3.27-6.47 per plant, rhizome weight 85.55-186.52 g per plant, fresh rhizome yield 972.8-1651.2 kg da-1, dry rhizome yield 212.33-457.50 kg da-1, essential oil and resinoid ratio of rhizome obtained after harvest 0.057-0.076%, 8.00-10.57% essential oil and resinoid ratio in stored rhizomes 0.10-0.14%, 6.95-10.45%, respectively. Rate of α-iron and ɣ-iron components that determine to qualities in essential oil of Iris rhizomes in after harvest varied between 16.1-27.7% and 23.4-50.8% and 29.4-31.2% and 55.2-59% in the essential oil stored rhizomes of Iris germanica, respectively.
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Kim, Jung-Hoon, Eui-Jeong Doh, and Guemsan Lee. "Chemical Differentiation of Genetically Identified Atractylodes japonica, A. macrocephala, and A. chinensis Rhizomes Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Chemometric Analysis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (August 2, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4860371.
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The rhizome of Atractylodes japonica, which is a herbal medicine used for gastrointestinal therapeutics, has been categorized with A. macrocephala rhizome or A. chinensis rhizome based on different therapeutic criteria in Korea, China, and Japan. In the present study, 61 A. japonica, A. macrocephala, and A. chinensis rhizomes were collected from Korea and China and were genetically identified by internal transcribed spacer sequencing analysis. Chromatographic profiles were obtained from high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the methanol and hot-water extracts of Atractylodes rhizomes and chemical differentiation of the rhizomes was carried out using chemometric statistical analyses such as principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis. The results from chromatographic profiles and chemometric analyses demonstrate that A. japonica rhizomes showed apparent chemical differences from A. macrocephala and A. chinensis rhizomes in the methanol extracts. In contrast, no clear distinction was apparent for the hot-water extracts of Atractylodes rhizomes, especially A. chinensis rhizomes. These results indicate that there is a clear chemical difference between A. japonica and A. macrocephala rhizomes; however, the chemical diversity of A. chinensis rhizome shows different chemical relationships with A. japonica or A. macrocephala rhizome, dependent on the chemical features.
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Silalahi, Marina, Nisyawati, Endang C. Purba, Daichiro W. Abinawanto, and Riska S. Wahyuningtyas. "Ethnobotanical Study of Zingiberaceae Rhizomes as Traditional Medicine Ingredients by Medicinal Plant Traders in the Pancur Batu Traditional Market, North Sumatera, Indonesia." Journal of Tropical Ethnobiology 4, no. 2 (July 22, 2021): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46359/jte.v4i2.54.
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Traditional markets are places for buying and selling medicinal plants and are a source of ethnobotany research data. This study aims to determine the uses and characteristics of Zingiberaceae rhizomes have been used as traditional medicine and traded in the traditional market of Pancur Batu, North Sumatra. This research was conducted with an ethnobotany approach through surveys, interviews and observation participatory. The respondents are all medicinal plants traders in the Pancur Batu traditional market. The things that were asked of the traders included local names, special characters, benefits, and how to recognize the rhizome. The medicinal plant traders in the Pancur batu traditional market have been utilized and traded as many as 10 species of Zingiberaceae rhizome, most of them belonging Curcuma and Zingiber genera. The characteristics of rhizomes are recognized by traders through their size, color, and aroma. The cross-section of the rhizomes of each species is different in structure and color which is used as the main marker for each species. Rhizoma Zingiberaceae is used as the main ingredient for tawar (semi-solid medicinal herbs consumed by brewing), parem (solid medicinal ingredients), and oukup (traditional Karo sauna). The rhizome aroma of each species belonging Zingiberaceae is very distinctive which is related to the content of essential oils. The use of Zingiberaceae rhizomes as tawar and parem ingredients needs to be studied further so that they are developed into standardized herbs.
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Geneve, Robert L., Shari Dutton, Anna G. Baloh, and Marta Nosarzewski. "Rhizome Segments Form Shoots, Whereas Leaf Cuttings Form Shoots and Rhizomes in Eucodonia ‘Adele’ Treated with Benzyladenine." HortScience 58, no. 7 (July 2023): 785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17068-22.
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Eucodonia ‘Adele’ initiates seasonal shoot growth from a scaly rhizome. Larger rhizome segments (>2.5 cm) produced shoots at a greater percentage compared with smaller rhizome segments. Shoots produced on larger segments were initiated sooner and had a longer length. However, when shoot formation efficiency was calculated as the number of potential shoots per original stock rhizome, smaller rhizome segments were more efficient, producing three to four times as many shoots. Rhizome segments (2.5 cm) soaked overnight in benzyladenine (BA) produced three to four times more shoots per rhizome (four shoots) compared with untreated or water-soaked rhizomes (0.3 and 0.7 shoot, respectively). The scaly rhizome consists of a central stem-like core surrounded by numerous leaf-like scales. Scales appear to be storage leaf tissue based on anatomy and presence of numerous amyloplasts. New shoots initiate as axillary shoots formed from the central core at the scale attachment. Isolated individual scales also have the capacity for adventitious shoot formation, but only form in about 25% of isolated scales. Leaf cuttings were capable of producing adventitious shoots, roots, and rhizomes. Untreated petiole and lamina cut leaf cuttings formed approximately three rhizomes per leaf cutting compared with less than one adventitious shoot per leaf cutting. Benzyladenine-treated leaf cuttings did not show an increase in rhizome initiation, but soaking lamina cut leaf cuttings in water or BA increased shoot formation to ∼1.5 shoots per cutting. This work with isolated rhizome segments and leaf cuttings presents efficient systems for regenerating rhizomes that can be used to produce stock plants for a stem cutting system for Eucodonia ‘Adele’ as a seasonal pot plant.
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Chaudoir, Leah, and A. E. Einert. "GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF GARDEN IRISES UNDER GREENHOUSE FORCING." HortScience 25, no. 8 (August 1990): 850f—850. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.850f.
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Rhizomes of Iris germanica L. `Pretty Please' were stored either dry at 21°C or potted at 10°C for 0, A, 9, 11, 13, 15, or 17 weeks. After storage, dry rhizomes were potted and placed in a forcing greenhouse. Potted rhizomes were removed from the 10°C cooler and placed in the same greenhouse. Both were forced under longdays(16 hr). A control group with no rhizome storage received natural daylength. Plants flowered without rhizome storage if grown under longdays. Four weeks of rhizome storage (cool or warm) significantly hastened flowering of potted irises over those receiving no rhizome storage, as well as producing the highest percentage of flowering plants. Potted rhizomes chilled for 17 weeks had the shortest forcing period, but only 50% of plants flowered. Plants receiving natural daylength did not flower. Greenhouse forced plants did not produce more than three flowers per scape. Foliage height at flowering decreased significantly after 15 weeks of cool rhizome storage.
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Harker, K. Neil, and John S. Taylor. "Chlormequat Chloride (CCC) Pretreatments May Enhance Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Control with Sethoxydim." Weed Technology 8, no. 3 (September 1994): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00039580.
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Laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments were conducted at the Lacombe Research Station to determine if CCC, ethephon, or CCC/ethephon had direct activity on quackgrass rhizome buds, and to determine if foliar applications of CCC/ethephon could predispose quackgrass to more effective control with sethoxydim. CCC, ethephon, and CCC/ethephon had growth regulating effects on the axillary buds and the apex of detached quackgrass rhizomes. CCC increased rhizome bud sprouting on rhizomes with the apex excised, but not on rhizomes with an intact apex. Ethephon or CCC/ethephon inhibited bud sprouting on rhizomes with an intact or excised apex. CCC/ethephon, but not CCC or ethephon alone, increased rhizome elongation on rhizomes with intact apices. In the greenhouse, pretreatments of CCC/ethephon increased sethoxydim activity on quackgrass rhizome buds and caused lower shoot emergence from one-bud rhizome segments. Results of field experiments were less consistent than those in the greenhouse. However, sometimes CCC or CCC/ethephon pretreatments resulted in increased quackgrass control in the field with sethoxydim.
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Xie, Yue, Tong Chen, and Huazhong Ren. "Rhizome Weight and Number of Sectioning per Rhizome Determine Plantlet Growth and Propagation Rate of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni in Cutting Propagation." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (November 8, 2022): 2777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112777.
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Rhizome cutting is prevalent in propagation for Hemerocallis citrina Baroni. This study aimed to reveal the influence of rhizome weight on plantlet growth, and evaluate a new cutting protocol. Three levels of rhizome weight (big (BR), medium (MR) and small (SR)) were compared by measuring plantlet growth four times during cutting propagation. Sectioning rhizomes longitudinally along shaft axis of crown into 2, 3 or 4 parts (S2, S3 and S4), was tested on rhizomes with two bud sizes (Large bud (LB), Small bud (SB)). Propagation coefficient, the number of plantlets obtained per rhizome, kept similar regardless of rhizome weight, while S3 and S4 increased propagation coefficient. Rhizome weight changed the relative growth rates on different dates. SR resulted in lower aboveground dry biomass, leaf area, total fibrous root length, relative total fibrous root length growth rate and N deficiency compared to BR. Sucrose concentration in rhizome decreased with time and fructose concentration was lowest in MR at the end of experiment. Aboveground dry biomass and total fibrous root length were lowest in S4, followed by S3 and S2. Rhizome weight and number of sectioning per rhizome influence cutting propagation, and sectioning rhizomes into three pieces has higher propagation coefficient and less retardation on growth. According to N deficiency in plantlets during the propagation, N fertiliser is probably needed during cutting.
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Sheaffer, C. C., R. D. Mathison, and P. Seguin. "Vegetative establishment of Kura clover." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 5 (September 1, 2008): 921–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08026.
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Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is a rhizomatous perennial legume that is often challenging to establish from seed. Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of planting date (early April, late April, and mid-May), plant material (rhizomes and rhizomes with buds), and rhizome planting density (11, 44, and 178 plants m-2) on establishment of Kura clover. Establishment of the clover was enhanced by early April planting using rhizomes with buds. Kura clover populations increased with increased rhizome planting densities. Establishment of Kura clover at a rhizome density of 178 rhizome m-2 has the potential to provide yield and stands similar to broadcast seeding. Key words: Kura Clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.), vegetative propagation
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Indrani, Krisna Hany, Duman Care Khrisne, and I. Made Arsa Suyadnya. "Android Based Application for Rhizome Medicinal Plant Recognition Using SqueezeNet." Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics 4, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jeei.2020.v04.i01.p02.
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Rhizome is modification of stem that grows below the surface of the soil and produce new bud and roots from its segments. Besides being used as spices, rhizome also used by people as ingredients of traditional medicine to treat various diseases. This proves that rhizome has many benefits. However, the ability to recognize types of rhizome can only be done by certain people because rhizome has variety of types, aromas, and different colors. This study was designed to build an Android based application to recognize the types of rhizome, so that people can recognize types of rhizome without having special knowledge. The application was built using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) methods with SqueezeNet architecture model. This study used 9 class of rhizome with Zingiberaceae Family, namely Bangle, Jahe, Kunyit Kuning, Kencur, Lengkuas, Temu Kunci, Temu Ireng, Temu Mangga, and Temulawak. Testing is carried out to know the performance of application such as accuracy level of application in recognize types of rhizome. Based on the results of testing with 54 rhizomes sample images, the application is capable of recognizing rhizomes types by obtaining a top-1 accuracy value of 41% and top-5 accuracy value of 81%.
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BAI, LIN, and NIAN‑HE XIA. "A preliminary study of the morphological variation of rhizomes in Zingiber Mill. and its role in taxonomy." Phytotaxa 647, no. 1 (May 8, 2024): 53–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.647.1.4.
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The rhizomes of Zingiber are highly diverse and have potential in taxonomy, but their fundamental structure has never been properly understood in connection with an understanding of the sympodial growth form of the whole plant. This study is based on a literature review and on observations of fresh materials of 32 Zingiber species mainly from China, representing all four sections of the genus. An analysis of the sympodial modular growth habit of these plants has recognised that both isomodular and heteromodular growth exist within the genus. The study shows that rhizomes of Zingiber are highly-organised, compound, sympodial structures. By introducing the term rhizome unit, Zingiber rhizomes can be meaningfully described by depicting the morphology of the rhizome units and the relative arrangement of these units to one another. Six morphological attributes of rhizome units (shape, size, direction of growth, colour and number of nodes per rhizome, and length of internodes) and two attributes of their relative arrangement to one another (dorsiventral vs lateral position of rhizome units and the ramification position along the length of rhizome unit) are discussed. A preliminary assessment of variation patterns and the taxonomic value of these characters are presented. Together, these attributes contribute to the overall morphology of rhizomes. The relationship between rhizome structure and the above-ground clumping habit is discussed. The term pseudo-neck is coined to refer to the narrowed basal part that occurs in the rhizome units of some Zingiber species while the thick apical part of rhizome units where the internodes are often shorter than those on the pseudo-neck is called head. Problems with existing terminology for rhizome and plant habit descriptions in Zingiber are highlighted. This study suggests that whether the plane of distichy of leaves is parallel or perpendicular to the rhizome unit, a key character that many previous studies used for subdivision of Zingiberaceae, needs re-assessment, because in Zingiber both states of the character exist. Characters of rhizome morphology of the four sections in Zingiber are discussed, but studies of a larger number of species are needed to better-assess the relevance of these characters to the infrageneric classification of the genus. Schematic illustrations and colour plates of rhizomes from representative species are provided to assist the descriptions and discussions. It is hoped that this preliminary study will facilitate and encourage more comprehensive studies of rhizomes of Zingiber and of other genera within Zingiberaceae. Such work will lead to a better understanding of these structures and help establish a more comprehensive and accurate terminology for them, which in turn will facilitate the taxonomy and identification of the family.
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Rahmawati, A., Y. Widiyastuti, E. Purwanto, and A. Yunus. "Qualitative morphology of Kaempferia parviflora rhizomes in various regions in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1490, no. 1 (April 1, 2025): 012051. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1490/1/012051.
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Abstract Black turmeric (Kaempferia parviflora) is known as black turmeric in Indonesia. This plant is not native to Indonesia. The spread of this plant in Indonesia comes from rhizomes that are not the same sources, so it is necessary to study the qualitative morphology to determine the type of distribution. Kaempferia parviflora rhizomes collected from various regions in Indonesia are not morphologically uniform. Rhizome samples were collected from 12 cities with relatively the same harvest time, including Prabumulih City (South Sumatra), Sukabumi City (West Java), Ciamis City (West Java), Cilacap City (Central Java), Jepara City (Central Java), Magelang City (Central Java), Karanganyar City (Central Java), Magetan City (East Java), Pacitan City (East Java), Trenggalek City (East Java), Bondowoso City (East Java), and Denpasar City (Bali). The sampling method used purposive sampling. The examination of morphological characters data was conducted through observation and documentation. Based on morphological qualitative of rhizomes as vegetative propagation organs, the rhizome diversity of Kaempferia parviflora can be seen from rhizome surface, rhizome shape, rhizome flesh color, and anthocyanin color of bud in rhizome. So, there are 5 accessions that have rhizome morphological uniformity, namely accession 4 (Cilacap), 8 (Magetan), 9 (Pacitan), 10 (Trenggalek), and 12 (Denpasar).
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Haynes, Janine G., John M. Smagula, and Paul E. Cappiello. "Rooting and Establishment of Bunchberry Stem Cuttings as Affected by Propagation Date, K-IBA, Rooting Duration, and by Division or Cuttage." HortScience 38, no. 1 (February 2003): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.1.92.
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Stem cuttings were harvested in April from four clones of containerized bunchberry(Cornus canadensis L.) forced in the greenhouse and in June from the same four clones growing in the field. April cuttings that had produced rhizomes by transplant time produced the greatest mean number and weight of shoots during the first growing season compared to April cuttings without rhizomes, June cuttings with rhizomes, or June cuttings without rhizomes. In a second study, cuttings and single-stem divisions were taken in July; divisions produced a greater mean number of shoots than did stem cuttings when compared at the end of Oct. A third study evaluated the effect of K-IBA application to lateral buds on subsequent rhizome production, and the effect of cutting node number (two vs. three nodes) on root or rhizome development. Treating lateral buds with K-IBA was not inhibitory to rhizome formation and elongation. Compared to two-node cuttings, three-node cuttings produced greater mean rootball size, rhizome number, and rhizome length; nearly twice as many of the three-node cuttings formed rhizomes as did two-node cuttings. A fourth study showed that cuttings rooted for 5 or 6 weeks in a mist enclosure generally exhibited greater shoot and rhizome production by the end of the first growing season than cuttings rooted for 8 or 9 weeks. This was despite the finding that cuttings rooted for longer durations (8 or 9 weeks) possessed larger rootballs and greater rhizome numbers at transplant time compared to cuttings rooted for shorter durations (5 to 6 weeks). Chemical name used: indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA).
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Tran, T. T. Hien, H. B. Vinh Nguyen, Thanh Thang Tran, and Thuong Kiet Đo. "Increased yield and essential oils content in rhizomes of white turmeric (Curcuma aromatica Salisb.) by plant growth regulators." Research Journal of Biotechnology 20, no. 3 (January 31, 2025): 112–17. https://doi.org/10.25303/203rjbt1120117.
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White turmeric is a rhizome plant that contains essential oils and many secondary metabolites having medicinal effects. In order to improve rhizome yield and essential oil content, this study investigated the response of plant growth regulators to the growth stages of white turmeric plants grown from mother tubers in an experimental garden. After 2 weeks of treatment, the rhizomes were measured for fresh and dry weight, rhizome length, sugar and starch content. Rhizome yield, number of rhizomes per plant and essential oil content were measured after 24 weeks of treatment. The results showed that fresh and dry weight as well as sugar content in white turmeric rhizomes at the resting shoot stage increased after 2 weeks of treatment with concentrations of 2 mg/L NAA and 10 mg/L BA, while this occurred at the elongated shoot stage when treated with BA 10 mg/L and at the seedling stage when treated with 20 mg/L GA3 or 10 mg/L BA to compare with the control and other treatments. However, at the seedling stage, the rhizome length when treated with 20 mg/L GA3 was longer, so the fresh weight of the rhizome was more when treated with 10 mg/L BA. 24 weeks after the combined treatment of plant growth regulators (treated with 10 mg/L BA at week 0, treated with 10 mg/L at week 2 and treated with 20 mg/L GA3 at week 4), the rhizome yield per plant, the number of rhizomes and the essential oil content increased significantly compared to the other treatments. The effects of plant growth regulators on the yield and accumulation of white turmeric rhizomes are also discussed.
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Klingeman, William E., Darren K. Robinson, and Gary L. McDaniel. "Regeneration of Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) from Rhizome Sections in Sand, Pine Bark, and Soil Substrates." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-22.3.139.
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Abstract Regenerative potential of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) rhizome sections has not been quantified when rhizomes are transplanted into substrates encountered in landscapes and nursery fields, container nurseries, or propagation beds. Mugwort regeneration in pine bark, sand, and soil substrates was analyzed by rhizome color, length, and the presence or absence of a leaf scale. Color of rhizomes, which darken with time, did not account for differences in growth among treatments. Contrary to previous research, 85, 78, and 69% of 2 cm-long rhizome sections produced both roots and shoots when grown in pine bark, sand, and soil substrates, respectively, during 45-day trials. Slightly less than 31% of rhizome fragments 0.5 cm long without a leaf scale produced both roots and shoots in soil. Though fewer rhizomes survived in soil, root and shoot fresh weights were greater than in pine bark and sand. When rhizome sections included a leaf scale, survival, fresh weights of roots and shoots, shoot height, leaf number and root lengths were greater, regardless of substrate type. Root initials emerged both adjacent to leaf scales and in the internode between leaf scales. Shoot emergence preceded root emergence from rhizome sections.
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Jongpluempiti, Jarinee, and Kiatfa Tangchaichit. "Feasibility Assessment of Using Cassava Rhizomes for Firing Pottery in Dan Kwian, Thailand." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 1158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.1158.
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Cassava is one of the most important crops in Nakhon Ratchasima province which grows the most cassava in the Northeast of Thailand. Therefore, a large amount of cassava rhizome is left in the field after harvest. The objectives of this research were to study the feasibility of cassava rhizomes use for Dan Kwian pottery firing in the same province. The analysis consisted of physical properties, heating value and comparing firing the pottery by wood fuel and cassava rhizome. The results were that the cassava rhizomes, with moisture content of about 34.73%, had properties inferior to the woods. When the rhizomes are burned to give thermal energy to pottery products, the temperature profile of the rhizomes is similar to the profile of wood fuels. As a result, the typical quantity of rhizome required, burning time and cost are 3,627 kg, 40 hours and 1,814 baht, respectively, while the values for wood are about 2,600 kg, 34 hours and 2,600 baht, respectively. The cost of the rhizome is less than the wood by around 786 baht. Therefore, using cassava rhizome to replace wood fuel is feasible but it is necessary to control the moisture content to an appropriate level.
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Klingeman*, William E., Darren K. Robinson, and Gary L. McDaniel. "Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) Rhizome Regeneration in Pine Bark, Soil and Sand Substrates." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 746A—746. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.746a.
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Mugwort, or false chrysanthemum (Artemisia vulgaris L) is a well-adapted invasive plant that presents increasing management challenges to agricultural producers, Green Industry professionals and homeowners across portions of the eastern U.S. The ability of mugwort to regenerate from cut rhizome sections has not been adequately quantified for substrates that are typical of landscapes and nursery fields, container nurseries, and propagation beds. Cut rhizome sections were analyzed by rhizome color, length, and the presence or absence of a leaf scale. Media substrates included pine bark, sand, and soil. Rhizomes darken with time and color did not account for differences in growth among treatments. When grown in pine bark, sand, and soil substrates during 45-d trials, 85%, 78%, and 69% of 2 cm-long rhizome sections produced both roots and shoots. These results contrast with previous research. When rhizome fragments 0.5 cm long did not include a leaf scale, slightly fewer than 31% produced both roots and shoots in soil. Fewer rhizomes survived in soil, but root and shoot fresh masses of soil-grown rhizomes were greater than rhizomes that were regenerated in pine bark and sand. When rhizome sections had a leaf scale, survival, fresh masses of roots and shoots, shoot height, leaf number and root lengths were greater, regardless of substrate type. Root initials emerged in the internode between leaf scales and also adjacent to leaf scales. Shoot emergence preceded root emergence from rhizome sections. Growers, landscape managers and homeowners should scout regularly and initiate aggressive controls when mugwort populations are found.
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Adi, Eko Binnaryo Mei, and Enung Sri Mulyaningsih. "The Effects of Fertilizer Treatment, Rhizome Seed Size, and Day of Harvest In Java Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)." AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian 3, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/agrosainstek.v3i2.49.
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Java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is cultivated as a secondary crop, resulting in variable rhizome quality which can be increased by suitable cultivation methods. This study investigated the effect of different cultivation methods on the rhizome yield of Java turmeric. Different fertilizer treatments(none, organic, inorganic, and semi-organic fertilizer), three groups of rhizome seed size (small (50–80 g), medium (100–150 g), and large (200–250 g)) and three groups of harvesting age (eight, ten, and twelve months after planting) were evaluated in a split plot design experiment. Results show that large rhizome seed size together with organic fertilizer treatment increased secondary rhizome production, yielding the highest number, weight and diameter. As high levels of starch in the primary rhizome are crucial for growth of the plant, the use of large rhizomes for propagation is indicated in Java turmeric cultivation. The highest weight and number of primary rhizomes were yielded when plants were harvested twelve months after planting.
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Paull, Robert E., Nancy Jung Chen, and Theodore T. C. Goo. "Compositional Changes in Ginger Rhizomes During Storage." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 113, no. 4 (July 1988): 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.113.4.584.
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Abstract Compositional changes in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizome stored at 22° or 12.5°C were studied. The rhizome surface Hunter “b” value increased from 9.2 to 18 in 4 weeks. Water loss did not become significant until 12 weeks of storage at 22°. There was little increase in dry matter of rhizomes stored at 12.5°. Rhizome crude fiber content, oil percentage, total phenols, and protein content did not change significantly. Rhizome total sugar increased significantly during storage at 12.5° for 32 weeks with pungency increasing 5-fold, as measured by gingerol content. No significant volatile flavor changes were noted, with rhizome variation being greater than storage effect. The changes in rhizome surface color did not lead to a significant loss in quality. The increase in pungency could be regarded as a favorable improvement in the fresh ginger market. The loss of water and increase in dry matter percentage significantly decrease overall appearance and quality of rhizomes stored at 22°.
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Chiari, Alessandro, and Mark P. Bridgen. "Effect of Meristem Position and Medium on in Vitro Meristem Culture of Alstroemeria." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 461C—461. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.461c.
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Meristems from three different positions were excised from in vitro plants of Alstroemeria genotype A30. Explants were removed from the most-distal vegetative shoot apical meristems, rhizome tip apical meristems, and rhizome tip axillary meristems. Meristems were cultured on four different media to compare the effect of meristem position and medium on the ability to produce Alstroemeria rhizomes from meristems. The meristem culture media were Murashige & Skoog salts plus 8.39 μM pantothenic acid, 1.19 μM thiamine, and 0.55 mm myo-inositol (MSM), MSM plus 8.88 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), MSM plus 8.88 μM BA, and 0.72 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), and MSM plus 0.72 μM GA3. Meristems that were removed from the vegetative shoot apices did not develop rhizomes on any medium. Rhizome tip apical meristems developed less than 10% rhizomes when subcultured on media containing BA and GA3. However, rhizome tip axillary meristems developed rhizomes on all media with best results achieved when the medium was supplemented with BA.
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C. Muruganandam, M. Madhan, and S. Venkatesan. "Efficacy of Integrated Nutrient Management on Rhizome Productivity in Mango Ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.)." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 31, no. 01 (2025): 109–11. https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2025.v31i01.020.
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An experiment on the effect of integrated nutrient management on the rhizome productivity of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) was conducted at a farmer’s field in Vadapalani village, Erode district, from July 2022 to January 2023. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments, each replicated three times. The application of vermicompost @ 5 t ha-¹ + chitosan @ 0.1%, along with 75% RDF, recorded the highest results in several parameters: the maximum weight of mother rhizome per clump (99.31 g), the number of primary rhizomes per clump (14.27), the weight of primary rhizomes per clump (146.98 g), the number of secondary rhizomes per clump (20.35), the weight of secondary rhizomes per clump (66.36 g), fresh rhizome yield per plant (312.65 g), and an estimated fresh rhizome yield of 25.15 t ha-¹. These results were observed in treatment T9, which involved the application of vermicompost @ 5 t ha-¹ + chitosan @ 0.1%, along with 75% RDF, followed by treatment T5.
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Shekharagouda Patil, Netravathi, G. Ramesh, Ashok Hugar, and B. V. Tembhurne. "Extent of Variability, Correlation and Path Studies among Different Ginger Genotypes Grown under Shade Net." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (February 10, 2024): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1302.013.
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The experiment was taken up to elicit the information on performance of different ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) varieties under shade net condition. The trial was conducted in the shade net of the Department of Horticulture, college of Agriculture, Raichur, Karnataka. Eleven varieties of ginger were evaluated in RBD with three replications during kharif season of 2018-19. Karnataka. The growth performance of eleven varieties indicated significant variation at all the stages of crop growth under shade net condition. Highest h2 was associated with the characters like weight of secondary rhizomes (90.58), yield per hectare (89.06), leaf area (87.64), number of leaves per plant (85.40), number of tillers per plant (76.64), weight of primary rhizomes (74.81) and oleoresin content (71.09). The correlation studies carried out by considering various growth and yield parameters established the highly significant and positive correlation of rhizome yield with plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, plant girth, leaf area, number of primary rhizomes, number of secondary rhizomes, weight of primary rhizomes, weight of secondary rhizomes and Oleoresin content. The characters leaf area, weight of primary rhizomes, number of tillers, weight of secondary rhizomes, plant height, plant girth oleoresin and dry rhizome recovery had their direct positive influence on the rhizome yield. However, number of leaves, number of primary rhizomes and number of secondary rhizomes had their direct negative influence on the rhizome yield.
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Huffman, David W., John C. Zasada, and John C. Tappeiner II. "Growth and morphology of rhizome cuttings and seedlings of salal (Gaultheria shallon): effects of four light intensities." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 1702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-209.
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Rhizome cuttings and seed of salal (Gaultheria shallon) were cultured in nursery beds at four light intensities (20, 50, and 70%, and full sunlight) created by various thicknesses of shade cloth. After each of two growing seasons, growth and morphological characteristics were compared among light intensities and between life stages. Under all light intensities, rhizome cuttings produced aerial stems and new rhizomes within 1 year and produced fruit within 2 years. Seedlings produced numerous aerial stems but few rhizomes. In general, 70% light induced the greatest production of aerial stems and rhizomes for both cuttings and seedlings. In 70% light, cuttings averaged more than three times the number of rhizomes and rhizome biomass and nearly twice the aerial stem biomass of cuttings in 20% light. Morphology of aerial stems, rhizomes, leaves, and seedling canopies was also affected by light quantity. Aerial stems produced by cuttings were shortest (9.9 cm) in full light and rhizome lengths were longer (27.6 cm) in 50% light than in 20% or full light. Specific leaf area of both cuttings and seedlings was highest (99.9 cm2/g and 146 cm2/g, respectively) under the most shaded treatment. The implications of these results with respect to the ecology of salal under field conditions are discussed. Key words: Gaultheria shallon, seedlings, rhizome cuttings, shade treatment, morphology, vegetative growth.
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Barad, A. V., and Y. A. Viradiya. "Investigating the Influence of Rhizome Size and Treatment on Turmeric Crop Productivity (Curcuma longa L.)." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 8 (June 13, 2023): 1560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82104.
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The experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2021-22 at the Department of Seed Technology, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University in Sardarkrushingar. It followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (Factorial concept) with three replications, utilizing the GNT 2 variety. The study aimed to investigate the effects of seven treatments and four rhizome sizes on various characteristics of turmeric. The results indicated that both the rhizome size R4 (mother rhizome) and treatment T4 (Chiller treatment at 4°C for 2 hours) significantly influenced all the measured traits. The mother rhizome (R4) exhibited the highest values for germination percentage (80.48%), plant height (64.52 cm), leaf length (36.96 cm), leaf width (13.50 cm), tillers per plant (3.21), mother rhizomes per plant (2.32), primary fingers per plant (7.33), secondary fingers per plant (7.94), rhizome length (14.89 cm), rhizome width (15.54 cm), and rhizome weight (185.25 g). Furthermore, among the different treatments, the chiller treatment (T4) at 4°C for 2 hours yielded significantly higher results for germination percentage (85.98%), plant height (65.35 cm), leaf length (34.51 cm), mother rhizomes per plant (2.38), primary fingers per plant (6.70), secondary fingers per plant (7.95), rhizome length (14.13 cm), rhizome width (15.58 cm), and rhizome weight (187.23 g). The sodium hypochloride treatment (T5) at 4% for 2 hours resulted in the maximum leaf width (12.96 cm) and the number of tillers per plant (3.24). In conclusion, these findings emphasize the potential benefits of pre-sowing rhizome treatment for enhancing turmeric crop cultivation, leading to improved crop performance.
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Zheng, Yaojie, Dirk B. Hays, Russell W. Jessup, and Bo Zhang. "Breeding Potential for Increasing Carbon Sequestration via Rhizomatous Grain Sorghum." Plants 14, no. 5 (February 26, 2025): 713. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14050713.
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Rhizomes, key carbon sequestration sinks in perennial crops, are hypothesized to exhibit a trade-off with grain yield. This study evaluated rhizomatous grain sorghum populations for increasing carbon sequestration potential. Twelve F3:4 heterogeneous inbred families (HIFs) from a Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc cross were tested in a greenhouse, and two F4:5 HIF progenies were field tested. Traits measured included rhizome biomass, root biomass, total belowground biomass, and grain yield. Rhizome biomass showed high heritability (0.723) and correlated strongly with belowground biomass (r1 = 0.95; r2 = 0.97) in both F4:5 HIFs, suggesting the potential of rhizomes to sequester carbon. Contrary to the hypothesized trade-off, a positive relationship between rhizome biomass and grain yield was observed, potentially via rhizome-derived shoots, and individual plants pyramiding high rhizome biomass, biomass yield, and grain yield were also identified. Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA), twenty simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to eight genomic regions associated with rhizome presence were identified, with five regions potentially being novel. This study suggests that breeding rhizomatous grain sorghum with high rhizome biomass could enhance carbon sequestration while preserving agronomic yields, offering new insights for future breeding and mapping initiatives.
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Kamal, M. Z. U., and M. N. Yousuf. "Effect of Organic Manures on Growth, Rhizome Yield and Quality Attributes of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)." Agriculturists 10, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11060.
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The investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different organic manures on turmeric with reference to vegetative growth, biomass production, rhizome yield and its attributes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Turmeric showed better response to the application of organic manures. Plant with neem cake application had the taller plant (79.30 cm), maximum number of tillers per plant (5.40), leaf number (5.40), leaf area (44.09) leaf area index (0.429), fresh weight of halum ( 190.05g), fresh weight of root (49.13 g), fresh weight of rhizome per plant (256.21 g) and dry weight of halum (15.21g), dry weight of root (7.32 g), dry weight of rhizome per plant (40.35 g), total dry matter yield (6.85 t ha-1) than those received other types of manures. Moreover, yield attributes such as number of mother rhizomes per plant-1 (1.75), more number of primary rhizomes per plant-1 (5.19), secondary rhizomes per plant-1 (18.03) and tertiary rhizomes per plant (7.69) were also highly accelerated by neem cake application. Similarly, the same treatment expressed the best in terms of size of mother rhizome (7.69 cm), primary rhizome (21.86 cm) and secondary rhizomes (7.05 cm).All these parameters in cumulative contributed to produce the highest estimated fresh rhizomes yield & cured rhizomes yield (29.48 t ha-1, 5.59 t ha-1 respectively). The highest curing percentage (20.28) was observed in T3 treatment having mustard cake@ 2.0 t/ha. Thus, organic manure like neem cake was best fitted natural fertilizer for turmeric cultivation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11060The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 16-22
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Salachna, Piotr, Agnieszka Zawadzińska, Rafał Piechocki, and Andżelika Wośkowiak. "The growth and flowering of Rhodohypoxis baurii (Baker) Nel cultivars depending on rhizome weight." Folia Horticulturae 27, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fhort-2015-0027.
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Abstract Rhodohypoxis baurii is an ornamental plant recommended for pot and garden cultivation. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between rhizome weight and the growth, flowering and rhizome yield in two cultivars (‘Dusky’ and ‘Ruth’) of R. baurii grown as pot plants. The rhizomes were sorted into three groups by weight: 0.10-0.20 g, 0.21-0.30 g and 0.31-0.40 g. The study revealed that the plants developed from the largest rhizomes were the highest, the widest, produced the most leaves, inflorescences per rhizome, flowers per inflorescence and were the first to flower. The plants developed from rhizomes of 0.21-0.30 g and 0.31-0.40 g did not differ in their flowering rate, flower diameter or the weight of rhizomes at the end of the growing season. Flowers developed in all of the plants grown from rhizomes weighing at least 0.2 g. A comparison of cultivars showed that 'Dusky' plants were higher, wider, had more leaves, inflorescences and flowers per inflorescence, flowered earlier and produced rhizomes of greater weight than 'Ruth' plants, which had a higher greenness index and larger flowers. Both cultivars did not differ in their flowering rate. Rhizome weight gain after the cultivation period depended rather on the cultivar than on the size of the planted rhizomes.
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Debnath, Samir C. "Influence of propagation method a nd indole-3-butyric acid on growth and development of in vitro- and ex vitro-derived lingonberry plants." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-142.
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The effects of two propagation methods and four indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations were studied in two cultivars of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.). Cultivars Regal and Erntedank, propagated by conventional softwood cuttings (SC) and adventitious shoot regeneration from excised leaves of micropropagated shoots (LC), were evaluated for growth and morphology. Significant two- and three-way interactions for shoot and rhizome characteristics were observed among the treatments. The LC plants produced shorter and less-vigorous shoots but had more stems, branches, leaves and rhizomes in contrast to conventional cuttings, which rarely produced rhizomes. IBA had an effect on shoot and rhizome morphology, but not on the frequency of rhizome formation. In vitro culture on zeatin-containing nutrient medium apparently induces the juvenile branching characteristics that favored enhanced rhizome production. The advantage of shoot and rhizome production of adventitiously produced LC plants over SC plants varied between the genotypes. Erntedank plants had better shoot growth and rhizome development across propagation methods than did Regal plants. Key words: Vaccinium vitis-idaea, propagation, regeneration, cuttings, indole-3-butyric acid
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Peng, Qin, Yihui Yuan, and Meiying Gao. "Bacillus pumilus, a Novel Ginger Rhizome Rot Pathogen in China." Plant Disease 97, no. 10 (October 2013): 1308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-12-1178-re.
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Ginger rhizome rot is a major factor limiting the yield and marketability of ginger in Shandong Province, China. In order to identify the pathogen causing ginger rhizome rot, evaluate its pathogenicity, and explore its pathogenesis, diseased ginger rhizomes and surrounding soils were collected. A gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated GR8, was frequently isolated from the ginger rhizome samples. The bacterium was identified as Bacillus pumilus based on physio-biochemical and molecular biology characteristics. Pathogenicity studies with GR8 showed that it could cause disease of the tested rhizomes slices and the entire rhizome when wounded but no disease occurred when the rhizome was not wounded. Preliminary pathogenicity studies demonstrated that cell-free cultures of GR8 could not cause any disease symptoms, whereas the bacterial suspensions caused severe symptoms. The pathology studies revealed that infection of GR8 could cause starch grains to shrink from normal size, and destroy the parenchyma cells by invading and propagating in them. This is the first report of B. pumilus causing ginger rhizome rot.
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SMD, ROSITA, MONO RAHARDJO, and SUDIARTO SUDIARTO. "PENGARUH PERLAKUAN SETEK RIMPANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS GARUT (Maranta arundinacea L.)." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n1.2002.1-6.
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Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) is usually propagated through young tillers or rhizome cuttings. A glass house and field tials were carried out at the Cimanggu Expeimental Insulation of the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops (RISMC), to assess 0k efect of rhizome patition and number of nodes of each parts on the viability of rhizomes, growth, productivity and starch content of arrowroot A clone of arrowroot (No. 17) collected from RISMC was used. One, two, three or four nodes of rhizomes cut at the base, middle or tip were used. A preliminary study was conducted in glass house from August to September 1999, where 40 samples of rhizomes were tested for their viability. Further study was conducted in the field from October 1999 to April 2000, to assess the growth, productivity and starch content of the rhizome from each treatment. The ield experiment was designed as a randomized block, arranged factorially in three replicates. The first factor was rhizome part (base, middle or tip) snd the second one was number of nodes (one, two, three or four nodes). Results showed that the highest percentage of plant growth, and seedling vigor of one month old were obtained from Uic four nodes tip rhizome cutting. At 6.5 month after planting the highest significant yield of resh rhizome was obtained from both base and middle parts rhizome cutting (324.04 and 326.46 g/hill), while the tip curling only produced 240.0 g/hill. The highest starch yield was obtained from the treatments of both the base and middle parts rhizome cutting i.e. 52.51 and 61.25 g/hill, while the tip cutting produced 47.19 g/hill. There was no interaction efect between the irst and the second factors on fresh rhizome yield. Highest signiicant fresh rhizome yield can also be obtained by using more than one node (320.96 - 337.69 g/hill), while a node cuting gave 198.65 g/hill only. Using base and middle rhizome cutting with 3 nodes gave the effective and eficient result, since it gave higher yield of the resh rhizome starch (70.38 and 72.41 g/hill).
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Nasution, Pandapotan, Suharyanisa Suharyanisa, Manahan Situmorang, and Nurpita Putri Manihuruk. "PEMBUATAN PATI DARI RIMPANG LENGKUAS, TEMULAWAK, TEMUKUNCI SERTA KARAKTERISASINYA." JURNAL FARMANESIA 8, no. 2 (December 26, 2021): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51544/jf.v8i2.2791.
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The rhizome is part of the plant for food reserves, including storing carbohydrates (starch), therefore rhizomes of Galangal, Curcuma, Fingerroot rhizome can be used as a source of starch. This study used an exploratory method which included isolation of starch from Galangal, Curcuma, Fingerroot Rhizome, macroscopic examination, microscopic examination, sample collection, sample processing, and examination of the characterization of starch. The results of starch characterization obtained yields for Galangal starch 2.6%, Curcuma starch 5.4%, Fingerroot rhizome starch 4.1%; determination of total ash content for Galangal starch 1.4%; Curcuma starch 2.0%, Fingerroot rhizome starch 1.0%; determination of drying shrinkage for 1.8% Galangal starch, 2.4% Curcuma starch, 3.2% Fingerroot rhizome starch; determination of acid-insoluble ash content for 0.6% Galangal starch, 0.7% Curcuma starch, 0.7%Fingerroot rhizome starch.
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Sukati, Suriyan, and Warachate Khobjai. "Total Phenolic Content and DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Young Turmeric Grown in Southern Thailand." Applied Mechanics and Materials 886 (January 2019): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.886.61.
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Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), a member of Zingiberacaeae, is used for Thai traditional medicine, flavoring, preservative, and coloring agent. In Southern Thailand, turmeric is a famous ingredient for food recipes. Not only is the ripened rhizome used for cuisine, but also the young rhizomes. Previous studies have indicated that a variety of turmeric products from the ripened rhizome are valuable source of antioxidant compounds. However, there are ambiguous data regarding the level of antioxidant activity of the young rhizome. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the young rhizomes by comparing to the ripened rhizome. TPC and antioxidant activity of aqueous and 80% methanolic extracts from the young turmeric grown in Southern Thailand were estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (DPPH-RSA) assay, respectively. Results showed that the concentration of TPC determined in methanolic extract (19.80±0.25 mg GAE/ g extract) from the young rhizome was significantly higher than the corresponding aqueous extract (18.38±0.41 mg GAE/ g extract). The aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited significant inhibition in DPPH-RSA with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 5.88±0.70 mg/mL and 3.00±0.31 mg/mL, respectively. However, in comparison with the ripened rhizome, TPC and DPPH-RSA of the young rhizome were lower. These results indicate that the young rhizome grown in Southern Thailand could be a source of antioxidant compounds, but the ripened rhizome provides better antioxidant properties than the young rhizome.
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Ma, Xiqing, Jingjin Yu, Lili Zhuang, Yi Shi, William Meyer, and Bingru Huang. "Differential regulatory pathways associated with drought-inhibition and post-drought recuperation of rhizome development in perennial grass." Annals of Botany 126, no. 3 (May 23, 2020): 481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa099.
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Abstract Background and Aims Rhizomes are key organs for the establishment of perennial grass stands and adaptation to environmental stress. However, mechanisms regulating rhizome initiation and elongation under drought stress and during post-drought recovery remain unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate molecular factors and metabolic processes involved in drought effects and post-drought recovery in rhizome growth in perennial grass species by comparative transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. Methods Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) (B-type rhizome genotype, ‘BR’) plants were exposed to drought stress and re-watering in growth chambers. The number and length of rhizomes were measured following drought stress and re-watering. Hormone and sugar contents were analysed, and transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to identify metabolic factors, genes and proteins associated with rhizome development. Key Results Rhizome initiation and elongation were inhibited by drought stress, and were associated with increases in the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and soluble sugars, but declines in the contents of indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR) and gibberellin (GA4). Genes involved in multiple metabolic processes and stress defence systems related to rhizome initiation exhibited different responses to drought stress, including ABA signalling, energy metabolism and stress protection. Drought-inhibition of rhizome elongation could be mainly associated with the alteration of GA4 and antioxidants contents, energy metabolism and stress response proteins. Upon re-watering, new rhizomes were regenerated from rhizome nodes previously exposed to drought stress, which was accompanied by the decline in ABA content and increases in IAA, ZR and GA4, as well as genes and proteins for auxin, lipids, lignin and nitrogen metabolism. Conclusions Drought-inhibition of rhizome initiation and elongation in tall fescue was mainly associated with adjustments in hormone metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and stress-defence systems. Rhizome regeneration in response to re-watering involved reactivation of hormone and lipid metabolism, secondary cell-wall development, and nitrogen remobilization and cycling.
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Dzeletovic, Zeljko, Gordana Andrejic, Aleksandar Simic, and Hakan Geren. "Influence of rhizome mass on the crop establishment and dry matter yield of Miscanthus×giganteus over ten seasons." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 64, no. 1 (2019): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1901021d.
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The aim of the present investigation was to assess the influence of rhizome mass on the success of plantation establishment and biomass yield of the bioenergy crop M. ? giganteus during 10 years of cultivation. The experiment included three treatments with different rhizome masses: 10-20 g (very low); 25- 35 g (low), and 40-60 g (medium mass). Planting density was 2 rhizomes m-2. The plants were harvested by mowing of the whole above-ground biomass each year in February. Out of the total number of planted rhizomes, the lowest emergence was noticed in very low mass rhizomes. In the first season, the greatest number of stems and crop height were encountered under the treatment with the highest rhizome mass. In the second season, crop heights were almost equal in all treatments. During the first two seasons, the highest biomass yields were recorded under the treatments with the highest rhizome masses. Although the analyzed parameters were highest with the rhizomes of 40-60g during the crop establishing stage, starting from the third season of cultivation, high yields of above-ground biomass may be obtained also with lower mass rhizomes. Having the highest biomass yield (25.85?7.36 Mg DM ha-1), the crop established with rhizomes of 25-35 g clearly stood out.
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Debnath*, Samir. "Growth and Development of Lingonberry Cultivars as Affected by In Vitro and Ex Vitro Culture Methods and Source Propagule." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 891A—891. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.891a.
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The morphological development of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) plants propagated either by conventional softwood cuttings or by in vitro shoot proliferation from nodal explants or by shoot regeneration from excised leaves of micropropagated shoots, was studied in cultivars `Regal', `Splendor', and `Erntedank'. Significant differences were observed between the treatments. In vitro-derived plants produced more shoots branches and rhizomes in contrast to conventional cuttings which rarely produced rhizomes. Plants propagated from cuttings had a lower number but vigorous shoots and thicker rhizomes than in vitro-derived plants. Source propagule had significant effect on multiplication rate. Another experiment evaluated the effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) application to softwood cuttings on subsequent rooting, shoot development, and rhizome production. Treating cuttings with IBA did not significantly improve rhizome formation and elongation. In vitro culture on nutrient medium apparently induces the juvenile branching characteristics that favored rhizome production. The advantage of rhizome production of in vitro-derived plants over stem cuttings varied among genotypes.
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Landhäusser, S. M., K. J. Stadt, V. J. Lieffers, and D. H. McNabb. "Rhizome growth of Calamagrostis canadensis in response to soil nutrients and bulk density." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-099.
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In a series of experiments, we investigated rhizome spread and the growth of C. canadensis, as governed by changes in soil bulk density and nutrient availability. The ability of rhizomes originating from vigorous Calamagrostis canadensis plants to penetrate mineral soil with different bulk densities and their response to various nutrient conditions were assessed in a split container experiment. Decreasing biomass and length of rhizomes with increasing soil bulk density showed that clonal expansion of C. canadensis onto areas of exposed mineral soil from adjacent swards was limited mainly by soil bulk density. No nutrient effect on rhizome growth was detectable; the rhizomes were probably well supplied with nutrients by translocation from the mother plant. Results of a second split container experiment indicated that rhizome growth was better in organic than in mineral soils. In a third experiment, entire C. canadensis plants were grown in mineral soil at different levels of soil bulk density and nutrient condition. Here, rhizome biomass and expansion were limited mainly by nutrient availability; however, once the nutritional needs of the plants were met, increasing bulk density reduced the amount of rhizome spread. These results could be useful in reforestation, e.g. selecting those methods of site preparation which reduce the growth and competitive ability of C. canadensis relative to tree seedlings. Key words: Compaction, rhizome, litter, mineral soil, yield, Calamagrostis canadensis
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Juneau, Kevyn J., and Catherine S. Tarasoff. "The Seasonality of Survival and Subsequent Growth of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Rhizome Fragments." Invasive Plant Science and Management 6, no. 1 (March 2013): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-12-00051.1.
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AbstractCommon reed [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.] is an invasive plant that reproduces poorly by seed but regenerates vigorously by rhizomes. Because Phragmites australis propagates well through rhizome growth, invasion often occurs from transported rhizome tissue. We investigated both rhizome-fragment biomass and seasonal effects on survival and growth of ramets. Rhizomes were collected along roadside ditches during the fall of 2009 and 2010 and during the summer of 2010 and 2011. Fall and summer were chosen because the plants were either dormant or actively growing, respectively. Rhizomes were cut into fragments then grown in a greenhouse for 60 d in vermiculite with no added nutrients. Rhizomes collected in the fall had a survival rate of 71.1%, whereas only 15.6% of those collected in the summer survived. Within season, rhizomes with low initial biomass had lower survival rates and growth than did large rhizomes. There was no seasonal difference in the total biomass produced by the surviving plants; however, allocation of biomass did differ. Summer-collected rhizomes showed a higher belowground to aboveground biomass ratio than did those collected in the fall. Understanding the viability of Phragmites australis rhizome fragments provides land managers a greater awareness of the high-establishment risks of Phragmites australis. This information should be included in an integrated weed management program, and actions should be taken to reduce the spread of this weed during roadside maintenance. Although the risk of survival is lower during the summer, soil contaminated with Phragmites australis should not be transported or must be sifted with a screen to ensure all rhizome fragments are removed.
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Nurjamil, Aris Muhamad, Renandy Kristianlie Ekajaya, William Junino Saputro, Zaki Fahreza Sururi, and Diah Kusumawaty. "Effectivity of Silver Nanoparticles-Temu Giring (Curcuma heyneana) Rhizome on Inhibiting the Growth of Bacteria Causing Nosocomial Infection." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 31, no. 2 (November 15, 2023): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.31.2.284-292.
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Biofilms are a common cause of nosocomial infections that often attack hospitalized patients. The main objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizomes in combating bacteria and preventing biofilm formation. The antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of these nanoparticles were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The research began with the extraction of temu giring rhizome, synthesis of silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizome, disk diffusion test, biofilm formation inhibitory activity test, and characterization of silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizome. In this research, silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizome were utilized at concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 μg/ml, and a control in the form of chlorhexidine. The results showed that the silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizome produced a larger inhibition zone for bacterial growth compared to the control against the three bacteria. The IC50 value of silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizome required to inhibit biofilm formation was 27.64 μg/ml in E. coli, 29.29 μg/ml in P. aeruginosa, and 26.21 μg/ml in S. aureus. In P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus, the IC50 for preventing biofilm formation by silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizome was determined to be 27.64 μg/ml, 29.29 μg/ml, and 26.21 μg/ml, respectively. Evaluation of silver nanoparticles revealed the success of temu giring rhizomes in reducing silver ions. This is shown that silver nanoparticles-temu giring rhizomes can be developed into active ingredients that inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause nosocomial infections.
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Corr, Brian E., and Richard E. Widmer. "Paclobutrazol, Gibberellic Acid, and Rhizome Size Affect Growth and Flowering of Zantedeschia." HortScience 26, no. 2 (February 1991): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.2.133.
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Growth and flowering of Zantedeschia elliottiana W. Wats. and Z. rehmannii Engl. were studied. Rhizomes of both species were produced either in a glasshouse or outdoors in California. Plants grown from glasshouse-produced rhizomes flowered within 90 days only when a preplant rhizome soak of 500 ppm GA, was applied. Control plants of both species flowered when grown from field-produced rhizomes, but a GA3 preplant rhizome soak significantly increased the number of flowers (spathe and spadix) produced. Paclobutrazol, applied as a preplant rhizome soak or as a soil drench when shoots were 2 to 3 cm long, significantly limited plant height of Z. rehmannii from either source if not treated with GA,. Paclobutrazol and GA, treatments interacted significantly to affect height and number of flowers of Z. rehmannii grown from field-produced rhizomes. Treatment with GA3 overcame the dwarfing effect of paclobutrazol, while paclobutrazol treatment limited flower production. Z. rehmannii rhizomes >6.5 cm in diameter produced more shoots and leaves than smaller rhizomes, regardless of GA3 treatment. Emergence, number of shoots, and number of leaves from Z. elliottiana were not significantly affected by the rhizome size-GA3 variable combination. Production of normal flowers was increased by GA3 treatment of all sizes of Z. rehmannii rhizomes except the smallest, with the most flowers being produced by plants from the largest rhizomes. Production of deformed flowers was greatest from rhizomes treated with 500 ppm GA3, with no deformed flowers on control plants.
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Hoque, MA, BK Bala, MA Hossain, and M. Borhan Uddin. "Drying Kinetics Of Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale)." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 2 (July 28, 2013): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15892.
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This paper presents the drying kinetics of ginger rhizome under blanched and nonblanched conditions using hybrid solar dryer and mechanical tray dryer at three temperature levels. The drying rate increases with the increase in drying air temperature and blanching also increases the drying rate. The drying rate depends on shape and size of the ginger rhizomes. The highest drying rate was found for sliced samples of ginger rhizome followed by splitted and whole root samples. Five thin layer drying models were fitted to the experimental data of blanched and sliced ginger rhizomes. The Page equation was found to be the best to predict the moisture content of sliced ginger rhizome in thin layer. The agreement between the predicted and experimental results was excellent. Colour of ginger rhizomes was slightly changed after drying. Lightness of ginger rhizomes decreased with an increase in drying temperature for all samples except sliced and blanched samples. For drying of ginger rhizome, it should be sliced and blanched and dried below 70°C for better quality dried products. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 301-319, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15892
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Hartzler, Robert G., Art Gover, and Joanne Stellingwerf. "Factors Affecting Winter Survival of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Rhizomes." Weed Technology 5, no. 1 (March 1991): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00033352.
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There were no differences in johnsongrass rhizome winter survival at central and southeastern locations in Pennsylvania in 1988 or 1989. At a 6-cm depth of burial, survival rates of 5 and 25% were found for rhizome segments 7.5 and 15.0 cm in length, respectively. Survival rates for rhizomes buried 25 cm averaged 86%, with no difference in survival between rhizome lengths. The majority of rhizome biomass produced by the biotype used in these studies was found at soil depths allowing a high percentage of survival.
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Mallik, A. U. "Ecology of a forest weed of Newfoundland: vegetative regeneration strategy of Kalmia angustifolia." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-018.
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The vegetative regeneration characteristics of Kalmia angustifolia were studied by examining the near ground and below-ground structures of the plant. Three methods of vegetative regeneration were observed in Kalmia: layering, stem-base sprouting, and rhizomatous growth, which make the plant more resilient than other ericaceous plants of similar stature following disturbance. Layering occurred only in tall old Kalmia of undisturbed habitats. Stem-base sprouting and rhizomatous growth were found to be the most common and most effective modes of vegetative regeneration. These methods were common in both disturbed and undisturbed habitats. Three types of rhizome systems, namely primary, secondary, and tertiary rhizomes, were identified and described for the first time in Kalmia. Secondary rhizomes were found to be the most effective organ for vegetative spread of the plant. Some secondary rhizomes may grow more than 1 m in one growing season. A 5-year-old Kalmia may produce, on average, 36 secondary rhizomes with a total length of 750 cm. Secondary rhizomes of Kalmia first grow horizontally, then come aboveground growing vertically and exhibiting apical dominance. Large numbers of dormant vegetative buds (three at each node) and adventitious roots are produced at the rhizome nodes. Transverse sections of current-year rhizome showed many trichomes. The cells of the pith are thick-walled and are characterized by large lysigenous cavities. The anatomy of axillary buds and leaf primordia of the aboveground stems of Kalmia were similar to buds and bud scales of the rhizome. Key words: Kalmia, disturbance, fire, regeneration strategy, rhizome, trichomes.
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Corr, Brian E., and Richard E. Widmer. "Rhizome Storage Increases Growth of Zantedeschia elliottiana and Z. rehmannii." HortScience 23, no. 6 (December 1988): 1001–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.6.1001.
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Abstract Zantedeschia elliottiana Engl. and Z. rehmannii W. Wats. rhizomes replanted immediately after leaf removal (without a period of storage) did not grow. Rhizomes replanted after leaf senescence, induced by withholding water, sprouted without an additional storage period, but height and number of leaves and shoots per rhizome were greater from rhizomes stored for ≥3 weeks. Rhizomes stored at 22°C for 6 weeks lost significantly more weight than rhizomes stored at 4° or 9°. Height and number of leaves and shoots per rhizome were greatest after 9° storage for both species, but differences were significant for Z. rehmannii only.
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Thakur, Dinesh, and Zuzana Münzbergová. "Rhizome trait scaling relationships are modulated by growth conditions and are linked to plant fitness." Annals of Botany 129, no. 5 (February 18, 2022): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcac023.
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Abstract Background and Aims Rhizomes are important organs allowing many clonal plants to persist and reproduce under stressful climates with longer rhizomes, indicating enhanced ability of the plants to spread vegetatively. We do not, however, know either how rhizome construction costs change with increasing length or how they vary with environmental conditions. Methods We analysed the rhizome length vs. mass scaling relationship, the plasticity in the scaling relationships, their genetic basis and how scaling relationships are linked to plant fitness. We used data from 275 genotypes of a clonal grass Festuca rubra originating from 11 localities and cultivated under four contrasting climates. Data were analysed using standard major axis regression, mixed-effect regression models and a structural equation model. Key Results Rhizome construction costs increased (i.e. lower specific rhizome length) with increasing length. The trait scaling relationships were modulated by cultivation climate, and its effects also interacted with the climate of origin of the experimental plants. With increasing length, increasing moisture led to a greater increase in rhizome construction costs. Plants with lower rhizome construction costs showed significantly higher fitness. Conclusions This study suggests that rhizome scaling relationships are plastic, but also show genetic differentiation and are linked to plant fitness. Therefore, to persist under variable environments, modulation in scaling relationships could be an important plant strategy.
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Bessho-Uehara, Kanako, Jovano Erris Nugroho, Hirono Kondo, Rosalyn B. Angeles-Shim, and Motoyuki Ashikari. "Sucrose affects the developmental transition of rhizomes in Oryza longistaminata." Journal of Plant Research 131, no. 4 (May 8, 2018): 693–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-018-1033-x.
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Abstract Oryza longistaminata, the African wild rice, can propagate vegetatively through rhizomes. Rhizomes elongate horizontally underground as sink organs, however, they undergo a developmental transition that shifts their growth to the surface of the ground to become aerial stems. This particular stage is essential for the establishment of new ramets. While several determinants such as abiotic stimuli and plant hormones have been reported as key factors effecting developmental transition in aerial stem, the cause of this phenomenon in rhizome remains elusive. This study shows that depletion of nutrients, particularly sucrose, is the key stimulus that induces the developmental transition in rhizomes, as indicated by the gradient of sugars from the base to the tip of the rhizome. Sugar treatments revealed that sucrose specifically represses the developmental transition from rhizome to aerial stem by inhibiting the expression of sugar metabolism and hormone synthesis genes at the bending point. Sucrose depletion affected several factors contributing to the developmental transition of rhizome including signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and plant hormone balance.
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Huang, Xintian, Yuchen Li, Jinyu Du, Yan Liang, Huijie Han, Cuiping Gao, and Yan Zhao. "Transcriptomic Analysis and Identification of Candidate Genes Involved in Rhizome Development in Agropyron michnoi." Agronomy 15, no. 3 (March 10, 2025): 674. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15030674.
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Agropyron michnoi is a perennial grass with rhizomes in the genus Agropyron. It has a strong tolerance to drought and low temperature, and it is an established species in sandy flat and hilly slope lands, which constitute sandy grassland. So, it is an important forage species in dry grassland and desert steppes. Rhizomes not only enable asexual reproducibility but also confer strong resilience to stresses in A. michnoi. However, during production and utilization, it has been found that there are significant differences in the development of rhizomes among individuals of A. michnoi, yet the regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, the A. michnoi ‘Baiyinxile’ was used as the material, and the anatomical structures of the rhizomes, roots, and stems were analyzed using the paraffin sectioning technique. The results showed that the anatomical structure composition of the cross-section of the rhizome was similar to that of the root, while the arrangement of the vascular bundles in the stele was different from that of the root but similar to that of the stem. Subsequently, the Agropyron michnoi plants were classified into two types: plants with rhizomes and plants without rhizomes. Root, stem, and rhizome samples were collected from each type, and RNA sequencing was conducted. De novo transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify the candidate genes involved in rhizome development. From the RNA sequencing, a total of 103.73 Gb clean bases were obtained, from which 215,282 unigenes with an average length of 905.67 bp were assembled. Among these unigenes, 161,175 (74.87%) were functionally annotated based on seven common public databases. From pairwise comparisons of differentially expressed genes between the five samples, 129 candidate genes that are potentially specifically expressed in rhizomes were selected. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the rhizome-expressed genes are highly enriched in pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism. The rhizome-specific expression pattern of 10 of the 129 candidate genes was further validated using qRT-PCR. Through the analysis of metabolites, 11 metabolites closely related to rhizome development, such as choline and betaine, were successfully identified. CYP family genes were selected for functional verification, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that CYP86B1 was grouped with CYP 86B1 of species such as Triticum aestivum and Lolium rigidum and was named AmrCYP86B1. The cloning results showed that its size was 1599 bp, and its subcellular localization was in the endoplasmic reticulum. Through stable genetic transformation, the study found that AmrCYP86B1 can promote the development of plant roots and stems and increase the dry matter content of the roots. Hormone detection showed that overexpression of AmrCYP 86B1 decreased the content of ABA hormone and increased the content of GA3 hormone in the plants. Combined with previous studies, it was determined that AmrCYP 86B1 promoted rhizome elongation by regulating ABA and GA3 hormones. The selected candidate genes involved in rhizome development, along with the preliminary functional verification, provide a preliminary mechanistic interpretation of rhizome development. This will contribute to in-depth research on the molecular mechanism of rhizome development in A. Michnoi.
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Shukor, N. I. A., A. Misran, N. Saari, S. H. Ahmad, and T. M. M. Mahmud. "Postharvest quality evaluation on the hot water-dipped Zingiber officinale rhizomes stored at low-temperature storage." Food Research 7, no. 4 (August 25, 2023): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.7(4).517.
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Storing ginger at chilling temperature will reduce its postharvest quality as they are prone to chilling injury (CI). Therefore, a study on hot-water dip treatment in alleviating CI in 'Bentong' ginger rhizome on physical and chemical properties was conducted. Fresh ginger rhizomes were harvested in the 9th month after planting. The fresh and cleaned rhizomes were hot-water treated at 45°C for 0, 5, 10 and 15 mins before being packed in a box and stored at 5°C for 0, 8 and 16 days. There was a significant interaction effect between dipping and storage durations on the physical and chemical properties of the rhizome. Exposed rhizome for 5, 10 and 15 mins was observed to maintain the ho and L* of the rhizome after storage at 5°C. The decreases in h° from yellow to slightly brown also indicated rhizome browning. Rhizome held at 45°C for 5 mins managed to reduce browning as compared to other durations. In addition, dipping for 15 mins resulted in a significant increase in total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and 6-gingerols. While 6-shogaols was maintained at 45°C for 5 mins. Preconditioning by the hot-water treatment could induce chilling tolerance upon storage at chilling temperature.