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Xie, Chenyu. "Characteristics of Public Space Behavior and Demand of Rural Residents in Foshan". E3S Web of Conferences 276 (2021): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127602011.
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With the implementation of a rural revitalization plan, rural public space has received increased attention. This article summarizes the characteristics and needs of public space behavior of residents in Dushugang village, Foshan, based on data gathered and analyzed through questionnaire survey and organized interview. The inhabitants of Dushugang village’s public space behavior are characterized by six characteristics: universality and spontaneity, high frequency and comprehension, proximity, relative regularity, strong preference and universality of activity choice, and high motivation to participate in the transformation. The people of Dushugang village’s public space demand can be summarized as follows: revitalizing traditional public spaces and fully explore their use; reasonable allocation and management of facilities in public spaces to optimize the landscape environment; preserving the heritage of the village culture and the healthy development of public space. This article aims to investigate the characteristics and needs of rural residents in public spaces, identify some issues in the rural construction process, and offer a new perspective on how to optimize rural transformation.
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Baranovsky, M. "Modern tendencies in socioeconomic transformation of the rural territories of Ukraine". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, n.º 46 (26 de dezembro de 2013): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.46.1363.
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The modern peculiarities of the transformational processes in the development of Ukraine’s agrarian sphere are analyzed, their reasons and consequences are defined; the polarization processes of agricultural production and population on different hierarchical levels, in suburban, semiperipheral, and peripheral country districts, are examined; the approaches to definition and the typical features of the problem rural areas are described; the regularity of increase in rural space polarization in terms of regional development cyclicity and staging is proved. Key words: rural territories, transformational processes, polarization of rural space.
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Bhola, Harbans. "Education for Rural Transformation in Thailand: Perspectives on Policies and Practices". Journal of Education and Research 4, n.º 2 (20 de agosto de 2015): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jer.v4i2.12389.
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To engage meaningfully on the subject of “Education for Rural Transformation,” it is essential first to understand the concept of the “Rural Condition” as well as of “Education” -- which is influenced by social, economic, political, technological and cultural factors. There are two additional complexities in that the “Rural Condition” itself is not something stable and absolute but is indeed in perpetual flux across Time and Place; and that the rural condition is inconceivable without at the same time understanding the “Urban Condition.” Concomitantly, “Education” itself will have to undergo transformation to serve as the lever of rural and urban transformations. Rural and urban transformations today have come to acquire one globally-focused mission, dealing with three objectives: mitigation of global warming, pursuing sustainable development and committing to poverty alleviation, in both rural and urban habitations. For “Planned Action” informed by the general conceptual framework constructed here, the general must be contextualized in each particular setting of time, space and locality – responding to a specific “Political Economy”; to policy processes such as formulation, planning, mobilization, implementation and evaluation; and configurations of agents and adopters of planned actions. Finally, the “Logic of Action” must come from the dialectics between the structural and the instructional.
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Smith, Michael Peter. "The New Geography of Land and the Transformation of Rural Space". Revue Française d'Etudes Américaines 48, n.º 1 (1991): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfea.1991.1430.
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Sumberg, James, e Christine Okali. "Young People, Agriculture, and Transformation in Rural Africa: An “Opportunity Space” Approach". Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization 8, n.º 1-2 (janeiro de 2013): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/inov_a_00178.
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Zhuo, Rongrong, Mark Rosenberg, Bin Yu, Xinwei Guo e Mingjie Wang. "Accessibility of Rural Life Space on the Jianghan Plain, China: The Role of Livelihood". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 3 (1 de fevereiro de 2021): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031301.
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This article aims to contribute to the relationship between accessibility of rural life space and rural livelihood capital and transitions in rural central China. Employing data produced from a household survey, we developed a composite index for accessibility of rural life space incorporating spatial and temporal attributes of a household’s daily activities and then explored the mediation effect of rural livelihood capital and transitions on accessibility. Results revealed a pattern of diversification in terms of life space accessibility undertaken for daily activities across households. Both livelihood capital and transitions had significant mediation effects on the relationship between socio-economic characteristics of rural households and accessibility of rural life space. The effects of livelihood capital on livelihood transitions also influenced the path on rural households’ accessibility of rural life space. One of the implications of this article is to link rural transformation to the context of urbanization and rural access issues from a perspective of daily activity, and then to figure out the best method for rural development policy and service planning.
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Hu (呼占平), Zhanping. "Deagrarianization and Depeasantization: A Dynamic Process of Transformation in Rural China". Rural China 18, n.º 2 (13 de agosto de 2021): 257–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-12341276.
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Abstract Centering on the terms of “deagrarianization” 去农化 and “depeasantization” 去小农化, this article aims to reinterpret socioeconomic changes in rural China from a theoretical and global perspective. Deagrarianization and depeasantization interwove to shape the dynamic process of rural transformation. Throughout the reform era, rural China underwent a transition from “deagrarianization without depeasantization” to “salient depeasantization.” In the end, deagrarianization led to a continual process of rural deterioration and at the same time turned rural China into a space of complexity. Depeasantization has been diversifying Chinese agriculture into multiple organizational forms. The mode of “part-time worker and part-time farmer” that emerged in the process of deagrarianization is gradually yielding to the specializing mode of “full-time farmer” or “full-time worker” during depeasantization. The strategy of rural revitalization should be adjusted dynamically on the basis of a recognition of these two interwoven processes.
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Pang, Ying, e Wei Feng Zhang. "Introduction to Rural Road Greening". Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (setembro de 2013): 1077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1077.
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In this article, through analysis of the status analysis of road greening, and the road reconstruction of Qingfeng road, described the importance of road greening of the villages and towns and the problems facing. The eighteen major report to promote the integration of urban and rural development as one of five major accelerate the improvement of the socialist market economic system and accelerate the transformation of economic development mode. Road greening is an important part of the urban and rural construction, and also the Important space landscape factor of urban and rural environment. In The Eighteen Major report, the signal about accelerated process of urbanization builds confidence for the rural and urban roads greening. Road greening can not only beautify the environment, but also can purify air, reduce noise and other ecological effect. Today, society pays more and more attention to the quality of the environment space; the Eighteen Major also emphasized the environmental protection and governance, advocated to build green ecological living space. Rode as an important part of environmental space, the road greening has become the focus. Road greening have special significance in the urban and rural planning.
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Cai, Ling, Yi Deng e Xing Jiang. "The Modern Evolution and Protection Development Strategies of the National Rural Settlement: The Dong Ethnic Group as Case Study". Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (outubro de 2011): 3311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3311.
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The Dong rural settlement is an important carrier and manifestation of the national culture. Rapid urbanization has changed the basis for the existence and development of rural settlement in all aspects. This paper summarizes and analyzes the underlying causes of the common trends in space alienation, hollowization, and modernization in the evolution of the Dong rural settlement based on the analysis of several typical cases. From traditional micro-level focus on entity and space to expanded meso- and macro-level focus, this paper builds a three-in-one strategic framework and describes specific strategies for industrial restructuring, social transformation, and space reconstruction geared toward the protection and development of the rural settlement.
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Sun, Xuesong, Zaisheng Zhang e Yiye Zhang. "Factors Influencing Farmer’s Decision-Making Behavior on Rural Construction Land Transformation". Sustainability 10, n.º 11 (19 de novembro de 2018): 4288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114288.
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In order to protect cultivated land and balance farmers’ needs and shortage of land, the Chinese government introduced policies to rearrange land use in rural areas. However, many problems, such as unused rural construction land and illegally occupied land, have occurred through implementing land use policies. Rural construction land transformation has been promoted to solve these problems. This transformation was designed to let farmers voluntarily transforming their idle rural construction land. Then, local government could rearrange village layout for developing cultivation, industry and green space. Therefore, in order to analyze the factors that influenced farmers’ decision-making behavior in rural construction land transformation, household surveys were conducted in four typical villages in Jizhou District. After using the Probit model to analyze the data, the results indicated that the willingness to settle in the city, the mode of housing resettlement, the mode of compensation, the rationality of the measurement standards, and the annual total household income positively affected the willingness of farmers to transform their rural construction land. The strong willingness to settle in the city dominated the other factors. Moreover, the age and amount of construction land, the method of construction land acquisition, and the amount of cultivated land negatively affected the decision-making behavior during the transformation of rural construction land. Based on the influencing factors, policy suggestions are proposed from the perspectives of establishing an orderly transformation mechanism, implementing priority transformation, and providing compensation for transforming rural construction land.
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Pavlíková, G., e P. Maříková. "The role of employment in the development of Czech rural areas". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 10 (24 de fevereiro de 2012): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5234-agricecon.
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The rural area is a very important multifunctional space, with landscape enhancement value and function. These factors are then necessary for the directions of development process in rural communities. The countryside creates an important part of economic and social state system. The area of work and the employment of population into the productive age present ones of significant macro-economic indicators of the capacity of national economy. Changes of economy in the market space, transformation of companies of agricultural primary production to new legal form, restructuring of production and manpower in agriculture caused leaving of part skilled of the workers, as well as other workers to another branches of national economy. In 1990’s, especially in the beginning during the transformation of Czech economy, there was a big boom of private business and new forms of business activities and subjects emerged. Traditional lifestyle, which continues in the Czech countryside, determined that small enterprise prevails here. Current economics clearly shows that small and medium enterprises have an unsubstitutable role in our economic development and greatly contribute to creating new jobs in individual regions.
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Harsritanto, Bangun IR, Bambang Setioko e Mustika Kusumaning Wardhani. "Open Space Pattern of Kotagede Settlement". Journal of Architectural Design and Urbanism 1, n.º 1 (29 de setembro de 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jadu.v1i1.3027.
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Yogyakarta is a city with high urban development and rapid urbanisation stream. Those phenomena affected the dwelling process in urban-rural settlement in Kotagede heritage area. Previously Kotagede is old capitol city of Mataram with Keraton characters and organic traditional settlement. However recent developments showed transformation in Kotagede open public space. Some factors such internal and external might be involved in the transformation. This study aimed brief explanations about open space pattern in heritage area of Kotagede Yogyakarta using qualitative and quantitative methods in demand. The research object is the public open space in Kotagede. The methods are quantitative and qualitative in demands with deductive analysis in rationalistic frame. The Deductive used in analyzing the identification results with the several theories to explain the phenomenon. The quantitative method will be used to simplify the initial procedure of transformation factors. The qualitative method will be used to enhance the factors power and relate with the pattern changes. The results showed that internal and external factors bring impact to the open space pattern in Kotagede and the patterns of open space were transformed in demands. The findings give warning to the further development of Kotagede settlements
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Wolski, Oskar. "Jaka jest reprezentacja formalna wsi w Polsce? Studium wojewódzkich programów odnowy wsi = What is the formal representation of the rural in Poland? The case of rural renewal programmes". Studia Obszarów Wiejskich 55 (2019): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/sow.55.1.
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The paper presents results of the research concerning formal representations of the rural in Poland. K. Halfacree’s (2006) research model of rural space was applied. Theoretical framework of the study also comprises debate on defining the rural under post-structuralism and some considerations of rural renewal. The research employed content analysis of rural renewal programmes in Poland. The outcomes were interpreted and discussed in relation to a broader process of socio-economic and cultural transformation and the notion of change in the rural space. It was explained how the formal representation of the rural is created in the rural renewal programmes. The formal representation of the rural in rural renewal programmes does not vary in regional terms, often being chaotic and incoherent. The rural is perceived through rural community and rural space separately, and as a broader concept opposite to the urban. Representation refers to, first and foremost, rural identity. However, it does not specify what defines such identity. It merely reproduces certain tags and slogans about the rural, and thus it is based on the rural myth. It also dissociates itself from agriculture as an economic function, but not as a culture-forming one.
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Wang, Cheng, Meijing Ren, Haoying Li e Yuanyuan Zhu. "Understanding the Rural Production Space System: A Case Study in Jiangjin, China". Sustainability 11, n.º 10 (16 de maio de 2019): 2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102811.
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Rural China is experiencing a phase of rapid transition and new conflicts have arisen between the sharp shrink of rural production space and the high goal of rural economic development due to the spatial competition amongst multiple stakeholders and the disordered spatial allocation of rural production resources. To explore how conflicts can be alleviated, this study applies dissipative structure theory to the rural production space system (RPSS). It points out that RPSS belongs to the dissipative structure category, which exhibits a series of characteristics, i.e., an opening system, being far from equilibrium, a nonlinearity regime and random fluctuations. The information entropy principle is introduced to RPSS to build a quantitative analysis model and to quantify the variation in the entropy changes of RPSS. This study uses the Jiangjin District, located in southwestern Chongqing (China), as an example to analyze the entropy changes in its RPSS, by applying the quantitative analysis model, and to identify the reasons for these changes. Results are helpful in overcoming the spatial allocation of rural production resources and in providing a means to enable the sustainable transformation of RPSS.
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Agbenyega, Joseph Seyram. "Theorizing Rural Transformation Through Bourdieuian Lenses: Trumping Dominant Models With Sustainable Indigenous Practices". Journal of Education and Research 4, n.º 2 (20 de agosto de 2015): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jer.v4i2.12385.
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Education for rural transformation requires a critical analysis and appraisal of policies and education programmes, and skills development that can lead to the creation of sustainable jobs for rural people. This paper will examine and analyze how inclusion or exclusion manifests for rural people, and will do so with Pierre Bourdieu’s socio-critical theoretical framework that provides a three pronged (Habitus, Capital and Field), but unified approach that can be utilized to theories education for rural transformation. Bourdieu draws our attention to three interactive ways of conceptualizing and understanding inclusion, exclusion, marginalization, disadvantage and transformation via:1) the objective, physical, outright rejection in community due to the ways individuals are positioned and named in that community (field); 2) overt or covert denial of social, economic and cultural goods (capital), and 3) the inside subjective world, the space of thought, mind, attitudes, idea and interiority, which Bourdieu referred to as habitus (Bourdieu, 1990, 1996, 1998 & 1999). The paper provides a socio-critical framework for educators of how to work with rural people to enhance their living standards.
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Крюкова, Наталья Владиславовна. "Veneration of Rural in Armenia: The Transformation of Tradition". ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, n.º 1 (24 de abril de 2021): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2021.22.1.010.
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В сельских областях Армении повседневная религиозная жизнь протекает в сурбах - местных святилищах, домашних реликвариях, часовенках и молельнях. Сурб - в переводе с армянского «святой» - это комплексное понятие, которым верующие обозначают и святого, и пространство его почитания. Сурбами могут быть действующие или разрушенные церковные и монастырские постройки, книги, хачкары, родники, деревья, камни. Материальная форма сурба не ассоциированный со святым предмет, несущий на себе печать его святости, как принято в традиционном христианском культе святых, а сам святой. Именно это делает культ сурбов уникальным в ряду похожих культов народного христианства. Обустройство сурбов и паломничество к почитаемым локальным святыням - наиболее распространенные вернакулярные формы духовной жизни местных жителей. В статье исследуются изменения традиционных аспектов почитания сельских сурбов на основе доступных историко-этнографических источников и полевом материале, собранном автором в Армении в 2016-2021 гг. In rural areas of Armenia, daily religious life takes place in “surbs” - local shrines, domestic reliquaries, chapels and oratories. “Surb” means “saint” in Armenian; it is a complex concept that believers use to designate both a saint and the space of his veneration. Surbs can be an active or demolished church or monastery building, books, khachkars (carved stone stelae with the image of a cross), springs, trees, stones. The material form of the surb is not an object associated with the saint, bearing the seal of his holiness, as is customary in the traditional Christian cult of saints, but the saint himself. This is what makes the surb cult unique among similar cults. The arrangement of surbs and pilgrimage to revered local shrines are the most common popular expressions of the spiritual life of local people. The article examines changes in the traditional veneration of rural surbs on the basis of available historical and ethnographic sources as well as field material collected by the author in Armenia in 2016-2021.
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Penjišević, Ivana, e Jovan Dragojlović. "Functional transformation of West Morava Valley District settlements". Bulletin of Natural Sciences Research 10, n.º 2 (2020): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bnsr10-29609.
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The existing territorial layout and the current demographic situation in the settlements of West Morava Valley District during the late 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century are the result of the synchronized action of the process of industrialization, deagrarization and urbanization. They conditioned the selective transformation of urban and rural space, which led to the concentration of the population in urban and suburban settlements and the depopulation of the rural part of the West Morava Valley District. Within the studied region, the hierarchy of municipal centers, subcenters and communities of settlements was observed. Based on important theoretical and methodological assumptions and indicators, the paper analyzes the functional transformation of the settlements of West Morava Valley in the period between 1971-2011. It was determined by certain quantitative methods that the changes went in the direction of reducing the share of purely agrarian settlements and increasing the share of industrial and service settlements.
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Vitasurya, Vincentia Reni, Gagoek Hardiman e Suzanna Ratih Sari. "ADAPTIVE SPACE OF JAVANESE TRADITIONAL HOUSE IN BRAYUT TOURISM VILLAGE YOGYAKARTA". TATALOKA 21, n.º 1 (15 de março de 2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.21.1.170-179.
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Traditional Javanese architecture, especially in rural areas, has undergone a major transformation. Transformation is owner’s response to various conditions, such as the increasing number of family members, the improvement of social status and economic conditions, the needs of modernization and the consequences of being involved in government’s programs. This paper aim is to examine how the owners of traditional houses respond to nowadays changes reflected through their houses designs. Brayut tourism village is a traditional settlement located at Yogyakarta’s downtown area which is well known for its unique and well-preserved traditional Javanese houses. The transformation of traditional houses in Brayut is a combination of the need for change and persistence. On the one side, strong local traditions play a role in maintaining the elements of traditional houses and on the other side, dynamic modern needs play a role as a trigger for change. Adaptive space in the traditional house is a solution to this problem. The method used in this research is a case study on some Javanese traditional houses. An in-depth interview with the owners and mapping are also used to examine the chronology of traditional houses transformation. Transformation aspects are defined on the affected physical architecture elements. The result of this study is the transformation occurs on function and meaning of space as an adaptive response from the owners. While the shape of space and buildings, generally preserved as an effort to maintain the bond of traditions and trust.
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Ilchenko, S. "THE IMPACT OF MIGRANT PEASANTS ON THE URBAN SPACE (HO CHI MINH CITY — GÀNH DẦU)". Municipal economy of cities 3, n.º 163 (29 de junho de 2021): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-3-163-94-102.
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Background: This article uses the term “way of living” in its connection with “place identity” to analyze the impact of new urban residents (migrant peasants) on the urban space transformation. In the thematic study of the spatial development of the Ho Chi Minh City center, the configuration of the influence of the key actors (state and community) is analyzed. The architectural environment of the Vietnamese Ho Chi Minh City (formerly known as Saigon) is considered in the context of the similarity of its development (consequences of development) to the transformation of the space of Ukrainian cities. Methods: Observations and theoretical discourse on the recent changes in the city’s spatial organization are used to create a detailed description of several quarters of the city center on which the study focuses. This description allows us to understand the nature of changes in the urban environment, which is expressed in the continuous (daily) deconstruction of the historical environment, and the main drivers of this process. Turning to the hypothesis of the influence of the new residents’ “way of life”, which is different from the one of the urban residents, the study was supplemented by the analysis of the spatial organization and neighborhood of the fishing village of Gành Dầu in the province of tỉnh Kiên Giang. Results: The study of the space-community interactions of this sustainable rural settlement determines the similarity of the “rural identity” of local residents with the “urban identity” (autochthonous urban population of Ho Chi Minh City) in terms of perception and use of the common space. Therefore, differences in lifestyle (urban/rural) are not the main source of influence on the gradual changes in urban morphology and the loss of authentic buildings. In the context of this study, the impact of “consumer identity” as a manifestation of a “fluid society” (characterized by instability and uncertainty) that is in the process of constant change is more noticeable. It is important to emphasize that the influence of the local community (with any type of identity) on the transformation of the urban space occurs only through the informal spatial practices, and is not the only or determining factor. Conclusions: Due to the similarity of the processes of the spatial development of the Vietnamese and Ukrainian cities, this study provides a significant comparative example for the analysis of the urban environment transformations. This study helps to introduce a new research program that addresses the gap between the architectural analysis of the interaction between the (substituted) community-space and research in other scientific fields.
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Roymans, Nico, Ton Derks e Stijn Heeren. "Roman Imperialism and the Transformation of Rural Society in a Frontier Province: Diversifying the Narrative". Britannia 51 (24 de junho de 2020): 265–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x20000148.
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AbstractThis paper studies rural populations in the Roman frontier province of Germania inferior, employing a perspective that allocates more space to the exploitative and repressive aspects of Roman rule. We draw attention to an alternative series of topics than the ones currently presented in rural archaeology. This includes attention to situations of crisis and instability, to fundamental reordering of rural populations, to issues of migration and to the interconnectivity of rural developments and imperial power structures. While these topics are usually considered as ‘historically given’, they are rarely the subject of serious archaeological research. This attempt at a more historicising approach does not mean a simple return to the traditional paradigm of historische Altertumskunde. Much better equipped than our predecessors of two or three generations ago, we archaeologists of the 21st century are able to engage in a critical and creative dialogue with historical sources and models.
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Zhang, Min, Weiping Wu e Weijing Zhong. "Agency and social construction of space under top-down planning: Resettled rural residents in China". Urban Studies 55, n.º 7 (12 de julho de 2017): 1541–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017715409.
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Resettled rural communities are a product of China’s rapid urbanisation and associated top-down planning. For local governments, relocating farmers from natural villages into new, concentrated residential neighbourhoods serves the dual purpose of implementing national directives on farmland conservation and integrated urban–rural planning. For resettled residents, however, the transition process is fraught with livelihood, social and cultural contest. This paper explores how such residents in a Chinese city, Zhenjiang, exercise agency to reconstruct community and public space in their new neighbourhood. Keeping alive patterns and practice of thoughts acquired during their rural lives, habitus, resettled residents have deployed their new spatial situation in creative ways. Pre-existing social fabric and mutual benefit-sharing provide the foundation for spatial adaptation and transformation, allowing residents to achieve a sense of normalcy or even to recreate village life. Theoretically, our analysis highlights the importance of situating spatial agency within the context of shifting regime of property rights and its effect on the maintenance of habitus.
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Chuhila, Maxmillian J. "Agrarian Change and Rural Transformation in Tanzania: Ismani, Circa 1940-2010". Utafiti 14, n.º 1 (10 de dezembro de 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-14010001.
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Abstract Farming is a major sector of informal employment for more than 67 per cent of the active labour force in Tanzania. This means farming is of primary importance to the overall economy. Rural transformations and the future of agriculture in Tanzania depend mainly upon improved access to market outlets, guarantees on improved seeds, and availability of farm-loans. These are essential interventions to transform the rural sector despite the challenges it is facing. An overview of government interventions in rural development policy and activity is offered here by focusing on Ismani, part of the present-day Iringa District in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Agrarian change in Ismani through the 1940s to the 1970s depended upon government interventions on the one hand, and changes in the physical environment on the other. Initially during this period, Ismani became a national food granary in the 1970s as a result of government interventions. Then this progress turned upside down in the 1980s, when the development of Ismani took on a new dimension due to a rapid decline in maize productivity. In recent years, especially over the last two decades, Ismani has experienced recurrent food insecurity. Evidence of the drastic change emerges from reliance on archival sources, fieldwork interviews and secondary sources collected in 2012, 2013 and 2017. This paper explores the dynamics of maize farming in Ismani, to provide a detailed historical understanding of how a prosperous maize farming area can become, in the space of only a few years, an area which is now rife with localised food insecurity in many of its villages.
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Gosik, Blanka. "Marketyzacja handlowa na obszarach wiejskich województwa łódzkiego = Commercial marketing in rural areas of the Łódzkie Voivodship". Studia Obszarów Wiejskich 55 (2019): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/sow.55.5.
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The new economic reality after the political transformation of the 1990s introduced decisive changes to the commercial space of rural areas. Private stores have been established, significantly expanding their extent of sales and service over time. Currently, the process of commercial marketing has been intensifying in the rural areas in Poland, being evidenced by a large-scale expansion of retail chain stores. These facilities (run by both Polish and foreign capital) introduce new commercial quality that affects spatial, functional and social changes in rural areas.The purpose of this article is to identify the process of commercial marketing in rural areas of the Łódzkie Voivodship and to demonstrate how it affects the behavior of consumers.
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Han, Dong, Jiajun Qiao e Qiankun Zhu. "Rural-Spatial Restructuring Promoted by Land-Use Transitions: A Case Study of Zhulin Town in Central China". Land 10, n.º 3 (25 de fevereiro de 2021): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030234.
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Rural-spatial restructuring involves the spatial mapping of the current rural development process. The transformation of land-use morphologies, directly or indirectly, affects the practice of rural restructuring. Analyzing this process in terms of the dominant morphology and recessive morphology is helpful for better grasping the overall picture of rural-spatial restructuring. Accordingly, this paper took Zhulin Town in Central China as a case study area. We propose a method for studying rural-spatial restructuring based on changes in the dominant and recessive morphologies of land use. This process was realized by analyzing the distribution and functional suitability of ecological-production-living (EPL) spaces based on land-use types, data on land-use changes obtained over a 30-year observation period, and in-depth research. We found that examining rural-spatial restructuring by matching the distribution of EPL spaces with their functional suitability can help to avoid the misjudgment of the restructuring mode caused by the consideration of the distribution and structural changes in quantity, facilitating greater understanding of the process of rural-spatial restructuring. Although the distribution and quantitative structure of Zhulin’s EPL spaces have changed to differing degrees, ecological- and agricultural-production spaces still predominate, and their functional suitability has gradually increased. The spatial distribution and functional suitability of Zhulin are generally well matched, with 62.5% of the matched types being high-quality growth, and the positive effect of Zhulin’s spatial restructuring over the past 30 years has been significant. We found that combining changes in EPL spatial area and quantity as well as changes in functional suitability is helpful in better understanding the impact of the national macro-policy shift regarding rural development. Sustaining the positive spatial restructuring of rural space requires the timely adjustment of local actors in accordance with the needs of macroeconomic and social development, and a good rural-governance model is essential.
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Guo, Chen. "The evaluation model of reconstruction effect of ancient villages under the influence of epidemic situation based on big data". Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, n.º 6 (4 de dezembro de 2020): 8813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189278.
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In rural construction, affected by covid-19, it leads to the collection and demand survey of basic information data of relevant interest groups. The specific situation of the transformation of ancient villages is also gradually increasing. However, due to the complexity of rural space, the dispersion of settlement space and the diversity of information demand of rural planning work, the data coverage is large, information acquisition is difficult, the use effect of data collection is not ideal, and there is no planning feedback mechanism. However, during the epidemic period, the staff could not carry out a series of reconstruction of ancient villages. At present, the data of village planning and construction and architectural design are complex, the needs of relevant interest groups are diversified, and regional planning is difficult. In this paper, the big data function is applied to the reconstruction of ancient villages in the epidemic period of covid-19.
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Zhang, Tan, e Michael L. Silk. "Recentering Beijing: Sport, Space, and Subjectivities". Sociology of Sport Journal 23, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2006): 438–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.23.4.438.
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At present, and as China negotiates the instantiation of consumer capitalism, her urban spaces have experienced agonizing growth affecting housing, the internationalization of cities, interactions between government and developers, the development of rural land, migrant flows, and social stratification within the city. Focusing on Beijing, we locate the efforts to host major sporting events—especially the 1990 Asian Games and the 2008 Olympic Games—within the dynamics of the spatial reconfigurations in Beijing, a rapid reordering based on “capital space” (Harvey, 2001), gentrification, and the lifestyle practices of a burgeoning middle and upper class of Beijingers. In so doing, we offer a multidimensional account of the complex manner in which power, mobility, and transformation within a modernizing Beijing intersects with the discursive constitution of bodies, concluding with regard to new forms of social cleavages and inequalities that derive from embracing, however selectively, the logistics of the market in the framework set by the Chinese nation-state.
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Hruška, Vladan, e Jan Píša. "Winning and losing rural localities of the post-socialist economic restructuring: case study of Czechia". Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 68, n.º 4 (28 de dezembro de 2019): 373–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.68.4.4.
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Retreat from socialism at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s conditioned significant social, economic and environmental changes for former socialist countries. Transformation from the centrally planned economy under the authoritative regime to market economy and democratic system re-structured also economies of rural areas. As a result, the conversion to capitalism constructed successful rural localities enjoying growing wealth whereas, on the other hand, other rural localities struggle with high unemployment, low incomes and following emigration of qualified people. This paper, on the example of rural space in Czechia, analyses time spatial development of number of jobs on local level and reveals main factors which have been constructing economically successful and unsuccessful rural localities in the post-socialist period. Based on this, six model responses to post-socialist economic rural restructuring are identified: globally integrated service-oriented, entrepreneurial, industrialised, post-productivist, deindustrialised and post-mining and energy-producing rural localities.
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Majerová, V. "Methodological aspects of the Czech rural areas research after the EU accession". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 1 (20 de fevereiro de 2012): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5072-agricecon.
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Czech countryside and agriculture entered a new phase of development in May 2004. The transformation period after 1989 has changed the employment conditions of rural population as well as the conditions of economic subjects functioning in the rural space considerably. Its multifunctional character is now shifting from the sphere of theoretical thinking to the expected reality of the nearest years. The fact that the necessary economic prerequisites and their social impacts are closely tied together stresses the necessity of forming such tools of following and evaluating of the rural development criteria which would be able to reflect in a relevant way important indicators of the positive and negative changes in the working and living conditions of the population. The contribution issues from the experience of empirical research and reflects its future orientation, methodological approaches and possibilities.
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Mirokhina, A. A. "Scientific support for the innovative development of the economic space of rural territories as an area of natural functioning of the agro-industrial complex elements". E3S Web of Conferences 282 (2021): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128207002.
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The article summarizes the results of the analysis of the causes of fragmentation, dissociation, and polarization of the economic space of rural territories, primarily the southern regions of Russia, which are the leading agricultural and industrial regions of the country (Rostov region, Krasnodar Krai and Stavropol Krai), determines the impact of infrastructure deficits, conventionality of farming for the outflow of economically active population to areas with a higher level of competitive advantages, determines the need to align the development of rural territories, primarily through the formation and development of poles of economic growth of the “second order”, which should serve as intermediate links for leveling the discreteness of economic space of agricultural and industrial regions. The author considers a set of innovative measures that contribute to the generation of impulses for the development of rural territory economy and transformation of their economic space towards depolarization and the elimination of “dissociation”, which is the key to increase the economic potential of the agro-industrial complex (its resource, agricultural and raw material, processing and production components), increase of its functioning efficiency, which is especially important for the agricultural and industrial regions of Russian South.
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Ward, Julie, Helen Frances Mills e Alan Anderson. "Drama in the Dale: Transformation Through Community Drama". Harvard Educational Review 83, n.º 1 (26 de março de 2013): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.83.1.k746345q366v0023.
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During the winter of 2011-2012, Weardale, England, was the setting for an ambitious informal adult education project. In this rural area in the northeast part of the country, the local arts collective, Jack Drum Arts, established a community play project entitled The Bonny Moorhen. This dramatic undertaking aimed to retell the story of the infamous Battle of Stanhope, a local lead miners’ uprising. The project took place in a converted barn and involved a group of sixty learners of all ages and from all walks of life. The troupe formed the choir, band, backstage crew, and company of actors who, with the support of professional artists, built a temporary theater space. Each member of this collective made a personal journey. Here Helen Mills and Alan Anderson, in association with Julie Ward, cofounder and project producer at Jack Drum Arts, offer their personal testimonies from the project.
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Ziemelniece, Aija. "Cultural-Historical Development of Landscape Space of Klein-Vielen". Landscape architecture and art 15 (23 de março de 2020): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.15.05.
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The landscape of the maritime lowland Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Germany) is characterized by a slightly wavy terrain with advanced agricultural activities. There are several lakes around Neubrandeburg and the Neustrelitz area, the shores of which form a picturesque landscape that fostered the development of manor centres already in the 20th century due to the appearance of small rural villages around them. Within a distance of 7-10 km, several manor centres have been preserved in this area, which obviously can enhance successful development of the tourism infrastructure. That is especially true for cycling. The landscape space of the former manor Klein Vielen has been studied in detail, as well as its transformation processes taking place from the 18th century to the present time. The study presents not only the evaluation of relevant issues, but also offers scenarios for the development of the existing cultural -historical landscape space.
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Konečný, Ondřej. "Spatial polarization of agriculture of Czechia during the integration into the European Union". Geografie 122, n.º 3 (2017): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2017122030257.
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The primary focus of Czech agricultural and rural geographers in the past decade was put on the regional impacts triggered by the transformation of agriculture and the influences of the Common Agricultural Policy on agriculture. Multifunctionality or spatial polarization of agriculture of Czechia remained the object of marginal scientific interest, despite the fact that such topics were largely discussed amongst foreign experts in connection with a theoretical transformation of the rural space. Therefore, relying on indicators of crop and livestock production, the ambition of the paper is to uncover the dynamics of spatial polarization of agriculture in Czechia. Its conclusions reveal an increasing spatial polarization of agriculture during the Czech integration into the European Union between regions with different natural conditions (areas with favourable conditions for agriculture and mountainous areas). It turns out, however, that while the fertile regions have been gradually specializing on crop production, spatial polarization in livestock production increases due to the rising role of mountainous areas.
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Chen, Jia-Ching. "Sustainable Territories: Rural Dispossession, Land Enclosures and the Construction of Environmental Resources in China". Human Geography 6, n.º 1 (março de 2013): 102–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861300600107.
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As urbanization and industrialization continue to spread through China's countryside, the central government has officially declared the construction of master planned eco-industrial zones and eco-cities as primary strategies for accelerating the transformation of industrial structure and the prevailing model of economic development, as well as for “constructing a socialist economic, politically, culturally… and ecologically civilized… harmonious society” (NPC 2011: chapter 1, np). Based on recent fieldwork, this paper demonstrates how these strategies extend beyond the “green washing” of rural land enclosure and transformation, arguing that processes of rural dispossession are linked to the commodification and circulation of natural capital. This paper analyzes processes of environmentalization and enclosure as linked state-led strategies for governing economic growth, rural transformation and interventions into global market-based solutions to climate change as integral problems of Chinese national development and modernization. As a basis for theorizing the relationships between Chinese models of “green development,” forms of environmental governance and new circuits of accumulation, the paper utilizes a case study of Yixing city, where eco-city, renewable energy and ecological conservation projects are being planned in tandem, enclosing over 300 square-kilometers of rural land and displacing over 50,000 residents since 2006. The technical and discursive “dividing practices” (Foucault 1972, 1977) of local government planners are examined in conjunction with the scalar construction of rural land as a fungible national “resource” under central government policies for renewable energy development, food security, “ecological withdrawal of agriculture” and arable land reclamation quotas (e.g. State Council 2007). Following Marxian scholarship on the enclosure of access to land and the establishment of property regimes as ongoing moments of “primitive” accumulation and state-territorial projects (Thompson 1975; Harvey 2003; Hsing 2010; Peluso and Lund 2011; Corson and MacDonald 2012), this paper argues that rural land enclosure in China functions in different circuits of accumulation corresponding to varied constructed scales of environmentalization. The paper analyzes such environmentalized transformations, including ecological set-asides, non-fossil fuel energy generation, and high-intensity non-village agriculture and the requisite conversion of collectively owned rural land into state controlled urban land, as a process of territorialization. Drawing upon the work of Poulantzas and recent scholarship on environmental enclosures (e.g. the volume by Peluso and Lund 2011), I argue that the construction of discrete environmental functions for—and apart from—rural land is fundamental to the constitution of “homogenizing enclosure” and territoriality as the “institutional materiality of the state” (Poulantzas 1978: 93–107). Following Lefebvrian analysis of the production of space (Lefebvre 1991[1974]; e.g. Roth 2008), I find that such abstraction refigures the local in a process of territorialization, highlighting the importance of state power to the establishment of market-based forms of environmental governance and the circulation of “natural capital.”
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Liu, Xinqu, Yongfa Wu, Junyang Liu e Zaiyi Liao. "Re-Exploration of the Sustainability of Traditional Village Spatial Development in The Epidemic Era – From the Perspective of Jiangnan Region, China". E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123704009.
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The global spread of the COVID-19 has given severely challenge to the contemporary human settlement environment. Traditional villages, as an essential human settlement, which has been significant in contemporary life. This article takes the traditional village space in the Jiangnan region, China as an example to analyse the positive interaction between humans and nature, health, and space in its traditional design. This research points out that in the traditional village space, healthy human settlements have two levels: “material form” and “internal sprite”. In addition to focusing on the transformation, innovation, and application of the technology, designers should exceed the material level to seek non-material dialogue and integration, to explore the important role of inner spiritual art for healthy living. Finally, this research combine with the urban epidemic prevention function and pointed out that the symbiosis mechanism between urban and rural areas should be actively explored. The penetration and integration of urban and rural areas can better cure, and promote the sustainable protection, activation, utilization and innovation of traditional villages in the future.
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Ganesan, Manikandan, K. R. Ishwarya, Demoz Lisanework e Ganesh Babu Loganathan. "Design and Implementation of Single Phase to Three Phase Drive System Using Space Vector Modulation". Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, n.º 2 (29 de junho de 2021): 2221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i2.1870.
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This paper discusses about the transformation of 1Φ to 3Φ drive system. Generally, the distribution of electric power is typically three phase, however, when it is distributed to suburban areas, small scale industries and rural areas it is single phase. This proposed system was developed by using MATLAB Simulink Model and Hardware Implementation. It describes various conversion techniques such as AC to DC conversion using single phase rectifier, DC to DC conversion by using boost converter, DC to Three phase AC by using space vector modulation inverter. Besides software, hardware system was also developed to control the 3Φ asynchronous motor and its performance was successfully obtained.
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Brinkmann, Katja, Ellen Hoffmann e Andreas Buerkert. "Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Urban Wetlands in an Indian Megacity over the Past 50 Years". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 4 (17 de fevereiro de 2020): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040662.
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Asian megacities have attracted much scientific attention in the context of global urbanization, but few quantitative studies analyze wetland transformation in the rural–urban interface. With its rampant growth and transformation from a tree-lined “Garden City” to a busy megalopolis with often-blocked highways and large built-up areas, Bengaluru (Karnataka, S-India) is a good example for assessing how urbanization has led to the acute degradation of wetlands. We therefore investigated long-term land cover and wetland changes from 1965 to 2018 based on an object-based classification of multi-temporal Corona and Landsat images. To quantify and compare the dynamics of open water surfaces and vegetation, we defined the potential wetland areas (PWA) along the rural–urban gradient and linked our analyses to an index describing the degree of urbanization (survey stratification index (SSI)). During the five decades studied, built-up areas in the Bengaluru Urban district increased ten-fold, with the highest growth rate from 2014 to 2018 (+ 8% annual change). Patches of lake wetlands were highly dynamic in space and time, partly reflecting highly variable annual rainfall patterns ranging from 501 mm in 1965 to 1374 mm in 2005 and monsoon-driven alterations in the hydrologic regime. While water bodies and flooded areas shrunk from 64 km2 in 1965 to 55 km2 in 2018, in 1965, the total rural wetland area with an SSI > 0.5 was twice as high as in 2018. The rural–urban land cover pattern within potential wetland areas changed drastically during this period. This is reflected, for example, by a four-fold increase in the wetland area with an SSI of 0.3, as compared to a decline by 43% in wetland area with an SSI of 0.8. While, in urban areas, wetlands were mostly lost to construction, in areas with a rural character, open water bodies were mainly transformed into green space. The detected changes in urban wetlands were likely accompanied by ecological regime changes, triggering deteriorations in ecosystem services (ESS) which merit further research.
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Kleszcz, Justyna. "Crisis of the city as an idea on the example of structural transformation of housing development. Urban agriculture as an antidote for suburbanization". E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900055.
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The paper aims to present the phenomenon of transgression of contemporary urban living space as the main manifestation of the crisis of urbanity idea through forming new spatial units defining the city in relation to extra-urban functions. Due to the rapidly progressing process of urbanization, cities are beginning to occupy every available space in large parts of the world. That is why the idea of a closed city is becoming rapidly outdated, and open forms adopted by them and connected with the rural landscape have caused the problem of defining a new concept of contemporary urban-rural space. Although often reasons for this phenomenon are seen only in the progressing suburbanization interrupting the continuity of urban structures, this problem is much more complex and related to the search for an alternative to the outdated form of the city. The paper includes an analysis of the phenomenon, one of the manifestations of which is the emergence of downtown and suburban housing estates that combine urban features with food production. Examples of implementation illustrate the analysis of transformations, which gave rise to the new idea of urban living. The designed estates are both an element disrupting the city's dense tissue, but also becoming a determinant of the next level of self-sufficiency of urban inhabitants - both structural, functional, energetic and also nutritional from potentially adverse external conditions.
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Kim, Sungjo. "Televisions and the New Interior Space - The Transformation of Rural Housing and Farmers as Consumers in 1970s South Korea -". Journal of Korean History 184 (31 de março de 2019): 307–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31791/jkh.2019.03.184.307.
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PAUNONEN, HEIKKI, JANI VUOLTEENAHO e TERHI AINIALA. "Industrial urbanization, working-class lads and slang toponyms in early twentieth-century Helsinki". Urban History 36, n.º 3 (30 de outubro de 2009): 449–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926809990137.
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ABSTRACT:The article investigates the linkages between urban transformation and informal verbalizations of everyday spaces among male juveniles from Sörnäinen (a working-class district in Helsinki) in 1900–39. Sörkka lads' biographically and contextually varying uses of slang names mirrored their itineraries across the city in the search of earning and spare-time opportunities. As a simultaneously practical and stylistic street language, the uses of slang both eroded (in uniting bilingual male juvenile groups) and strengthened (as with providers and teachers, working-class girls, upper-class urbanites and rural newcomers) existing socio-spatial boundaries. Unlike in the late nineteenth century Stockholmska slang studied by Pred, openly irreverent toponymic expressions vis-à-vis the hegemonic conceptions of urban space were relatively few in early Helsinki slang.
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Egorov, D. O. "Spatial shrinking and polarization of rural space in the Republic of Tatarstan in the context of population depopulation". Regional nye issledovaniya, n.º 4 (2020): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2020-4-3.
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The article analyzes the directions and intensity of rural population depopulation from the standpoint of its influence on the transformation of settlement in the Republic of Tatarstan from the 1970s to the present. Three periods of changes in the distribution of the rural population were identified: soviet (1970–1991), de-urbanization (1991–2000) and suburbanization (weakly expressed in the 2000s and clearly pronounced since the 2010s). The first period under consideration fell on the peak of the decline in the rural population, but the pole near the regional center depopulated less intensively than the distant periphery. The de-urbanization period did not have clear territorial trends in changes in the number of inhabitants. In the 2010s. There is a steady increase in the population in the areas of neighbors of the largest cities of the republic. A more detailed study showed that this increase is largely associated with the settlement of urban-type residential complexes. 1970 to 2019 the share of rural residents living in areas bordering the city of Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny increased from 15.1 to 25%. Similar polarization processes are taking place at the municipal level. The period considered from 2002 to 2019 showed the process of increasing the share of the population of the administrative center from the total population of the district. In more than half of the cases, this process took place due to population growth in the centers of municipalities and the decline of the rest of the population. The population in other municipalities decreased in the administrative centers less intensively than outside them.
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Butsch, Carsten, Shreya Chakraborty, Sharlene L. Gomes, Shamita Kumar e Leon M. Hermans. "Changing Hydrosocial Cycles in Periurban India". Land 10, n.º 3 (5 de março de 2021): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030263.
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India’s urbanisation results in the physical and societal transformation of the areas surrounding cities. These periurban interfaces are spaces of flows, shaped by an exchange of matter, people and ideas between urban and rural spaces—and currently they are zones in transition. Periurbanisation processes result inter alia in changing water demands and changing relations between water and society. In this paper the concept of the hydrosocial cycle is applied to interpret the transformation of the waterscapes of six periurban villages in the fringe areas of Pune, Hyderabad and Kolkata. In doing so, three specific aspects will be investigated: (1) the institutions shaping the hydro-social cycle, (2) the interplay between water as a livelihood-base and the waterscape, (3) the interplay between the waterscape and water as a consumption good. This approach opens new views on periurban interfaces as emerging mosaic of unique waterscapes. The meaning of water, the rights to access water and the water related infrastructure are constantly renegotiated, as permanently new water demands emerge and new actors enter the scene. Especially this process-based understanding links the theoretical lens of the hydrosocial cycle with the object of investigation, the periurban space.
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Xu, Yan Bing. "The Urbanization and Artistic Aesthetic of Rural Landscape". Advanced Materials Research 663 (fevereiro de 2013): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.270.
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Urbanization is a necessary trend of human development. Urban landscape design, as an important means for improving people's living environment, plays a significant role in social economy, ethics and cultural heritage. Rural landscape can not only provide wider and more flexible space configuration, but also offer diverse perspectives for regional cultural heritage. The study of ecological green landscape in urbanization is beneficial to people's landscape aesthetic, the improvement of the sustainable development of landscape design in urban beautification as well as creation of harmonious and favorable modern city environment. Through discussing the artistic aesthetic of rural landscape from the perspectives of ecology, ethics and culture, this paper manages to cultivate the values and functions of rural landscape's urbanization and to provide feasible transformation plans for the environment during the process of urbanization. Creating rural environment in cities can meet people's demand of being closer to the nature and at the same time can strike out the geographical features, cultural heritage and moral ethics environment as well as bring the returning of humanity, establishment of new social order and the creation of harmonious ecological environment and ideal homes.
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Kosmii, М. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INFLUENCE OF INTANGIBLE FACTORS ON THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE CITY". Municipal economy of cities 4, n.º 157 (25 de setembro de 2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-4-157-38-43.
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The article identifies the main intangible factors that are inherent in the process of transformation of the spatial structure of settlements. On the example of selected objects of the Carpathian region, the basic approaches to the transformation of existing spatial systems, their potential and prospects are demonstrated and defined. Intangible factors are defined as a set of norms, principles and rules of organization of space, which were formed historically in accordance with the needs of man, society, and focus on meeting intangible needs. Their influence on the spatial structure is realized in the form of legislative and regulatory requirements, political-administrative relations and property relations, as well as mental-ethical, historical-cultural, religious-spiritual and aesthetic factors. In this case, if the material is studied both at the theoretical and practical level, the impact of the intangible requires increased attention from theorists and practitioners of architectural and urban planning. Instead, transformation is a process of qualitative change in the space of the city, which is the result of a combination of tangible and intangible factors, and if there is a clear model of development, it can be directed towards achieving harmony. A detailed study of the impact of intangibles on the spatial organization of architectural and urban planning objects was carried out on the example of rural areas of the region, where there are spiritual and pilgrimage centers and historical and cultural centers. To substantiate the presented conclusions, an architectural and urban inventory of objects was carried out; structural surveys were conducted to identify the analyzed interactions; surveys of residents and visitors; project materials, etc. were found. It is substantiated that in some settlements (villages), in the presence of a high intangible component, there is a higher potential for development of the territory and, accordingly, opportunities for the transformation of their architectural space. Proximity to cities is a determining element in determining the level of readiness of selected objects for the transformation of their spatial structures. The key intangible factors of their development are aesthetic and religious-spiritual factors, which in turn contribute to the development of the material and are system-forming in determining the prospects for the development of spatial structures. The only obstacles that exist in the process of transformation of the spatial structure of these objects are political-administrative, legislative and regulatory factors and the lack of proper infrastructure. The lack of clear legal norms and political will makes it impossible to develop these territories, transfers them to the periphery of tourist routes. It is established that the intangible is a determining factor in the organization of a comfortable space for a person. Intangible components, such as spiritual centers (symbols, chapels) can be an element of landscape design and harmoniously complement aesthetic conditions. In rural areas, since the establishment of OTG, objective conditions have been created for the renovation of existing spatial zones and the formation of open public, cultural or educational space, which will be not only an element of branding, but also a source of investment. Keywords: intangible factors, spatial structure, transformation potential, settlements, Carpathian region.
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Zheng, Hongguang, e Zhanbin Zhang. "Analyzing Characteristics and Implications of the Mortgage Default of Agricultural Land Management Rights in Recent China Based on 724 Court Decisions". Land 10, n.º 7 (12 de julho de 2021): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070729.
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The transfer of rural land contractual management rights belongs to the recessive transition of land use. The mortgage of rural land management rights is a way of rural land circulation, and has an important impact on the transformation of land use. Rural land management rights mortgage loans can enable farmers to obtain more credit funds, which is conducive to agricultural development and Rural Revitalization. However, with the development of rural land mortgage financing, the associated risk has become increasingly prominent. The most typical risk is the default risk of farmers’ mortgage loans. Based on court decisions regarding rural land mortgage default during 2014–2020, this paper analyzes the characteristics of farmers’ default in different periods and locations. The empirical results reveal that the time and space of rural land mortgage default cases are widely distributed in China, especially in Heilongjiang Province. In the default judgement, the loan amount of CNY 50,000 to CNY 100,000 and the loan periods of 1 year accounted for the highest proportion. When making mortgage loan policies for rural land management rights, financial institutions should give farmers the most preferential treatment regarding the amount, term and interest rate of loans. Farmers’ social security should be improved, and agricultural insurance should be strengthened. Meanwhile, the credit review of small and short-term loan farmers should be heightened.
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Dunant, Jean-Christophe. "Restoration of the Cercle de L’Ermitage in Epesses, Switzerland". Housing Reloaded, n.º 54 (2016): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/54.a.e67iewh0.
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In 1935, Alberto Sartoris transformed an old mill into a private club for artists: le Cercle de l’Ermitage. The young architect conceptualized the space as a manifesto of rationalistic architecture. The resolutely modernist choice of the intervention contrasted with the rural and bucolic existing building. In 1971, the work disappeared under fake rustic decoration and everybody considered it lost, only remaining one of the most famous axonometries of the Italian master. Forty-five years later, the work reappears miraculously while the space is under transformation into a private residence. The demolition work has revealed an unexpected amount of original elements, which will allow a faithful and rigorous restoration of the Cercle de l’Ermitage.
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Jahan, Sadaf, e Dr Abhishek Bhatt. "Brightness Transformation and CNN-MRF Model for Road Network Extraction using RSI". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 6, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v6i2.267.
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For effective urban planning and GIS database, it is necessary to extract effectively the network of road from remote sensing images. The very high spatial resolution images (VHR) taken by space and space probes are the main source of an accurate extraction of the route. Manual techniques disappear because they take time and are expensive. As a result, the much more automated route extraction method has become a research tool in the processing of remote sensing information. The extraction of road networks in remote urban areas of images plays an important role in many urban applications (eg. Road traffic, geometric correction of remote sensing images in cities, updating geographical information, etc.). Because of the complex geometry of buildings and the geometry of sensor detection, it is generally difficult to distinguish the road from its background. In this paper, a hybrid method is proposed for the extraction of paths from high resolution images based on the segmentation using sigmoid CNN-MRF model. The proposed method includes noise removal and enhancement using brightness transformation function then segmentation of road and non-road pixels using CNN and edges are joined using CNN model also. And lastly the markov random field is used connecting edges with similar end points. Simulation will be conducted on remote sensing images in urban, suburban and rural areas to demonstrate the proposed method and compare it with other similar approaches. The results show better performance of proposed road network extraction method as compared to existing technique.
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Гагарина, Galina Gagarina, Архипова e Lidiya Arkhipova. "Innovations in the Economy and Dynamics of Spatial Development". Economics 4, n.º 5 (10 de outubro de 2016): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22036.
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The article considers the tendencies of development of economic territory of the
Russian Federation, the role of regional policy in improving of its effectiveness.
The focus is on the modern differentiation of space, the continuing trend of growth
of large cities in the main socio-economic indicators of subjects, insufficient
number of cities and regions where there is economic growth. The main trends
and the role of regional policy in improving the economic space and achieve its
strategic objectives are analyzed. One of the most important tasks of regional
policy is to reduce the polarization in terms of socio-economic development
between urban and rural areas and, as a consequence, reduce the role of rural
and peripheral regions.
The article emphasizes the role of the adopted strategy of sustainable development
of rural territories of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 in the
spatial development and infrastructure maintenance in accordance with the spatial
planning and deployment of the productive forces.
Among the variety of instruments improving the economic area the most
important is an essential change of inter-budgetary relations between the regions
and the federal center. The continued redistribution of income in favor of the
Centre does not create even a prerequisite to stimulate the development of any
initiative by the regions or by municipalities.
As a result, it is noticed, that regional policy as a tool of transformation of Russian
economic space at the moment, has not used its resources to reduce the
polarization of the territory, reducing the disparities between cities on the one
hand, and urban and rural graying, on the other.
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Pavlova, O. Y. "TRANSFORMATION OF VISUAL PRACTICES IN THE CONTEXT OF PRIMARY URBANIZATION". UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, n.º 2 (5) (2019): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2019.2(5).11.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The article is devoted to the study of the process of primary urbanization as a context of transformation of visual practices. This implies a long- term perspective of studying the city as a mediator of the great tradition. Folk culture in the process of formation of civilization was differentiated into rural and urban one. The city has become a space for formation of new cultural strategies: comprehension, ordering and management. This required changes in the anthropological model. If visual practices of small traditions were included in the de-differentiated structure of sensual orientations of small culture, the big tradition of urban culture supposed inclusion in the space through contemplation. Thus, the spectacle has received the function of subor- dinate management, and visual practices have been pulled out of the substratum of human capabilities and received a privileged status in the hierarchy of sensual orientations. For this perspective, methodologically significant is the understanding of the opposition of the city as a village/city, which was formulated as the basic American sociologist R. Sennett. It was he who edited the anthology of the classic essay on urban culture, which offered a classification of the German and Chicago Schools of Urban Studies. This classification itself has become widely recognized and does not cause controversy. Our work will focus on this body of work, which not all are known to domestic researchers of the city. Particularly basic in this context will be the work of representatives of the Chicago School of R. Redfield and M. Singler. The purpose of the article is to study the transformations of visual practices in the process of primary urbanization. The dominant of visual practices of urban space is torn from the unity of sensory orientations of folk culture with its ritualized way of self- government and becomes a way of ordering and managing in the situation of primary urbanization as the basic process of formation of civilization in general. In the process of primary urbanization, the city becomes a medium between: governors and subordinates, man and state, culture (as a small tradition) and civilization (as a large tradition).
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Gavrilyeva, T. N., E. A. Kolomak, A. I. Zakharov e K. V. Khorunova. "Retrospect of Settlement Pattern in Yakutia Based on Analysis of Population Censuses". Voprosy statistiki 26, n.º 12 (23 de dezembro de 2019): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2019-26-12-39-51.
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The article assesses the intensity of transformation of settlement pattern in Yakutia, the largest northern region of Russia, based on an analysis of 1939-2010 censuses and contemporary statistics. Scope of the work includes the following: to assess key socio-economic results of rural and urban settlement pattern transformation in the 20th century, to determine the most persistent primary units of settlement pattern, and to identify current trends in the settlement pattern of Yakutia. The research database was built based on digitization of Federal State Statistics Service in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) population censuses archives. The period under review shows a trend toward larger size of settlements due to two parallel processes: urbanization as a result of industrial development, and compression of rural settlement system due to amalgamation of rural settlements. From 1939 to the present time, Yakutia’s settlement system has been evolving from dispersed type to large settlement type. There were two major waves in the structuring of space in Yakutia. During the first one, caused by industrialization and complete collectivization, shrinking of rural settlement system was accompanied by setup of rural and urban settlements; it started in the 1930s and lasted until late 1950s. The second wave, concurrent with controlled compression of rural settlement pattern as part of elimination of unpromising sovkhoz state farms, was associated with a full-scale development of urban settlement pattern under planned Soviet deployment. Starting from 2002, market mechanisms have changed the direction of development of settlement system and spatial structure of economic activity. Despite several constraints, which include high transportation costs, focal development, key role of mining and resource sector, distinctive features of traditional economies and agriculture, agglomeration processes have gained momentum in the region. Spatial concentration of population is taking place at relatively high rates, primarily in the core of the system - Yakutsk agglomeration. Compression capacity of settlement system in the region is far from being exhausted, as evidenced by behavior of Theil and Herfindahl-Hirschman indices, as well as by average population density of settlements.
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Carroll, Brídín E., e Frances Fahy. "Locating the locale of local food: The importance of context, space and social relations". Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 30, n.º 6 (27 de outubro de 2014): 563–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170514000404.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
AbstractLocalization is one process/outcome that is proffered as key to the ‘grand challenges’ that currently face the food system. Consumers are attributed much agency in this potential transformation, being encouraged from all levels of society to exert their consumer muscle by buying local food. However, due to the social construction of scale it cannot be said that ‘local food’ is a definite entity and consumers understand the term ‘local food’ differently depending on their geographic and social context. As such, the research upon which this paper is based aimed to provide a nuanced understanding of how consumers in the particular spatial and social contexts of urban and rural Ireland understood the concept of ‘local food’. A specific objective was to test the theory that these consumers may have fallen into the ‘local trap’ by unquestioningly associating food from a spatially proximate place with positive characteristics. A three-phase mixed methodology was undertaken with a sample of consumers dwelling in urban and rural areas in both Dublin and Galway, Ireland: 1000 householders were surveyed; 6 focus group discussions took place; and 28 semi-structured interviews were carried out. The results presented in this paper indicate that for most participants in this study, spatial proximity is the main parameter against which the ‘localness’ of food is measured. Also, it was found that participants held multiple meanings of local food and there was a degree of fluidity in their understandings of the term. The results from the case study regions highlight how participants’ understandings of local food changed depending on the food in question and its availability. However, the paper also indicates that as consumers move from one place to another, the meaning of local food becomes highly elastic. The meaning is stretched or contracted according to the perceived availability of food, greater or lesser connections to the local producer community and the relative geographic size of participants’ locations. Our analysis of findings from all three phases of this research revealed a difference in understandings of local food among participants resident in urban and rural areas: participants dwelling in rural areas were more likely than those in urban areas to define local food according to narrower spatial limits. The paper concludes with an overview of the practical and theoretical significance of these results in addressing the current dearth of research exploring the meaning of local food for consumers and suggests avenues for future research.