Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Sénégal (est)"
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Larrue, Sébastien. "La dynamique des milieux et des paysages sur la marge nord-est du Parc national du Niokolo-Koba : un indicateur de rupture entre le milieu et la société mandingue (Sénégal oriental) ?" Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30023.
Texto completo da fonteThe Niokolo-Koba National Park was created in 1926. In 1969, some villagers were expelled from the lands where they had lived and relocated on the fringe of the national park. That step was in keeping with a policy of "hard protection" of biodiversity and a disregard for the Malinke community, which was considered as incapable of managing the environment without degrading it. Nevertheless, what we call "nature" here is the result of a complex coevolution of the Malinke community and their environment, a coevolution of which plant formations are both an interface and a signature. The "savannahs" or dry forests result from a recolonizing by ligneous plants of previously cultivated areas, the diversity and physionomy of which are conditioned by bushfires and the duration of the fallow period. These are environments which have been "domesticated" over the years. The land use restrictions linked with the national park development and the limitations imposed by the preservation of the Diambour classified forest have brought about a shortage of arable land in some places. These conditions have forced the local populations to reduce the duration of the fallow period and have brought about the disappearance of fallow areas. The existence of protected areas generally leads to a transformation of attitudes, thereby modifying society's perception of the environment. All these factors have served to impoverish the forest, which has given way to unexceptional landscapes following the loss of several types of sudanian plant formations
Seye, El Hadji Amadou. "Les paysages et les peuples du Niokholo, contribution à l'étude des comportements humains face au milieu naturel (Sénégal oriental)". Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL293.
Texto completo da fonteThe Niokholo lies in the Southern part of Eastern Senegal, between latitudes 12 and 15 degrees North. Its original character is due to the diversity of its landscapes, and the diversity of its landscapes, and the various mixing of social and cultural groups living there. The central argument of this dissutation is the analysis of how such a natural environment and peoples are organized, using tree scales: the region, the +terroirs ;, and the toponymic units, or + lieux-dits ;, and resulting in tree series of maps at scales 1/200 000, 1/100 000 and 1/10 000. At the regional level, our analysis set forth the diversity of the landscapes composed of 30 elementary units, with differences linked to topographic characteristics, land availability, and water resources. The study of the peopling and humanization of those landscapes points at the balance between populations and their natural environment. At the level of the +terroir ;, the analysis of the environment reveals several landscapes segments that have been differently identified and used by the Mandes, Fulanis, Bediks and Beliyans. By comparing the geographical segments with those identified by the populations one car observe similarities and differences in those modes of landscape segmentation. At tne level of the toponymic units the comparison between the environments and the crops used by those ethnic groups shows the differences in the choices made by the farmers according to the plants brought into cultivation. But the currents cultivation systems suffer from a lack of efficient means of production. Thus, yields remain low and it seems necessary to implement development programs that will be in keeping with the natural environment and likely to be welcomed by the populations
Diop, Abdou. "L'aménagement régional au Sénégal d'un espace surpeuplé et surexploité au front pionnier de développement agricole : les migrations Serer vers les " Terres Neuves " : l'expérience du projet pilote Koumpentoum-Maka". Montpellier 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON30026.
Texto completo da fonteThe present study is dealing with the development of rural space in senegal. Senegal development policy is based upon the regulation of the development actions and the application of specific projects. From this point of view, the authorities are both planning an adjustment of the agricultural production conditions (diversification and intensification of cultivation) and an appropriate development of rural space through a better distribution of population. The production action is thus rested in the development and agricultural popularization society for peanut, in the fibers and textiles development society for cotton and in the sylvan pastoral zone development society for animal production. The development and valorization actions combined with differentiated production is rested in the society of development and exploitation of the delta lands for the development of river senegal valley, in the casamance valorization society for river casamance area and valley. As far as the program of rural population distribution is concerned, the wew lands society undertakes the transfert of one part of the population excess around the peanutproducing basin, which is going through an agricultural crisis characterized by an overexploitation of the lands in an extensive agricultural system and a peanut monoculture. This is the result of the organized migration project which touches 300 families from serer people. The reception area are the districts of koumpentoum and maka in eastern senegal (which the experimental koumpentoum-maka project was named after). The authorities wanted to take advantage from the break caused by migration to introduce an intensified and diversified agricultural system in the thus created new social site
Aidara, Daha Cherif. "Approche géographique de la santé et du développement au Sénégal : l'exemple de la région de Kédougou". Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL007.
Texto completo da fonteNdiaye, Bocar. "Les Malinke du Sénégal : des abords de la Faleme aux rives de la Gambie : du pays aux territoires : dynamiques agraires et socio-spatiales". Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30059.
Texto completo da fonteThe Malinkés had genius in the development of an operational system organizing individuals within a network regulated with actions and mutual reactions (the model). Hustled by significant historical and contemporaries factors, the <> is split into parts, revealing micro-territories with quite different profiles. Access to modern economy strengthens these differences and end up by opposing three systems: a system maintained better (the <>), an altered system (the <>) and a disarticulate system (the <>). Mitigated results (due to the innumerable upheavals), clashes and incomprehension, have put on the agenda the effectiveness of development policies. A situation as much more alarming than it’s with certain nostalgia the actors describe and report the old system, however wrongly qualified as <>
Diouf, Aliou. "Interactions société, nature et climat au Sahel : la rupture socio-économique et écologique au Centre-Est agro-sylvopastoral sénégalais au XXe siècle". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25853/25853.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSané, Youssouph. "Les processus actuels de l'urbanisation dakaroise : Entre expansion et complexité de gestion, enjeux de la périphérie est". Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30022.
Texto completo da fonteDakar is developped to a fast process, winning progressively the whole region. It’s in the analysis of the urban constitution of Senegal that we arrive to understand How and Why Dakar play his today role. Colonial effects have favoured the littoral cities and the consecration of Dakar as national metropolis confirmed the destiny of the biggest senegalese city. However, to the regional level, problems do not lack. Difficulties for finding a habitation of quality remain one of the main preoccupations of populations. Authorities try to find solutions, but available finances don’t permit to lead in best conditions ambitious programmes in a context marked by a structural crisis and a lack of clarity of the land-tax. The East part (Malika, Keur Massar, Mbao) is therefore interesting in the way it permit to understand the actual effects and challenges of urbanization in Dakar, focusing potentialities and problems
Mbodj, Faty Bineta. "Boom aurifère à l'est du Sénégal; l'ouest du Mali et au nord-est de la Guinée : mutations socio-économiques et spatiales d'anciennes marges géographiques et économiques". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010566.
Texto completo da fonteNdiaye, Mouhamadou Lamine. "La fonction des émigrés dans les stratégies de développement rural : voie pour le Sénégal ? : exemple de la région de Tambacounda". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010613.
Texto completo da fonteThe strategies of rural development used in senegal since independence have brought about a hard situation of crisis of which the obvious expression is emigration towards countries such as france. Those emigrants, most of them coming from the area of "fleuve senegal", from "tambacounda" have tried by means of sending money to support the people staying at home. Considering the limited market of work in the welcoming countries and the permanent eronon of the conditions of living in the local countries, another reaction was necessary. This will be cristalized in the development village associations. Slowlypropelled in the foregrand these associations take another aspect of development, a rural and fair development based on the joining of those who stay in the village. These associations, locally are putting foward another approach of the working out of the senegalese rural space
Latil-Brun, Marie-Véronique. "Subsidence et évolution thermique du bassin du Sénégal : comparaison avec la marge divergente homologue Est-Américaine et les marges transformantes de Côte d'ivoire et des Guyanes". Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX30085.
Texto completo da fonteSene, Abdourahmane Mbade. "Des institutions internationales à l’action locale : à quelles échelles le développement durable est-il efficace ? : le cas des équipements structurants dans le bassin versant du fleuve Sénégal". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10196.
Texto completo da fonteField researches articulate around two areas: on one hand, they concern the study of sustainable development through the analysis on the economic, social, institutional and environmental plans of the policies of development and great hydro-agricultural planning performed on a regional scale in the watershed of the Senegal river (Senegal, Mali, Mauritania and Guinea) and in the local scale in the territorial space located along the left bank of the river. On the other hand, they try to study or to understand how the international policies of development and particularly environmental management piloted and conceptualized by great international authorities (international institutions of United Nations, international NGO, international tinancial Institutions) are inserted into the implements of management or governance established at regional, national and local scale and how they are, at the end of different stages of incorporation, applied. Ln a transverse way in these research areas, two other areas appear: tirst new principles or indicators relating to sustainable development and to environmental justice such as equity and participation are studied on these territories in order to understand better mechanisms or functioning of the models of development conveyed by international authorities on the territories of the south countries. Then, the analysis of great environmental international conventions since their elaboration through international negotiations with all polemics which follow from it (diversity of the actors, difference or opposition ofstakes and interests of the actors and the geographical regions) until their application
Lucaccioni, Héloïse. "Espaces, liens, et santé : dynamiques d’invasion d’un hôte de zoonoses dans un territoire en mutation : le cas du rat noir au Sénégal Oriental". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100167/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe evolution of spatial relationships in the contemporary context of global changes and globalization promote disease emergence. In this study, we draw a geography of territorial vulnerabilities to the emergence of zoonotic risks. In southeastern Senegal, a changing rural periphery of West Africa, we address the issue of the spread of an invasive species and host of pathogens, the black rat (Rattus rattus). We argue that societies produce territorial systems that are unequally vulnerable to the spatial diffusion of the host.We evidence that the spaces of Southeastern Senegal and the spatial relationships among them are transformed under the action of multiple social actors. The spread of the black rat reflects these changes. Yet, the spatial characteristics of the invaded places (such as connectivity or centrality) as well as the spatial relationships among them are insufficient in understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of the rodent invasion. Moreover, the spatial distribution of the black rat contradicts conventional models of hierarchical or contagious diffusion. The spatial diffusion of the host responds to spaces, places, and spatial links intimately woven by societies into complex and multiscale systems. We propose to understand the many forms of spatial diffusion as the response to the stability or instability of these socio-spatial systems, which then form territories unevenly vulnerable to the risk of disease emergence
Diop, Aliou. "Politique de recrutement des enseignants non fonctionnaires et qualité de l'éducation de base au Sénégal : quels enseignements vers l'Education Pour Tous (EPT)?" Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00620782.
Texto completo da fonteComte, Jean-Christophe. "Apport de la tomographie électrique à la modélisation des écoulements densitaires dans les aquifères côtiers - Application à trois contextes climatiques contrastés (Canada, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Sénégal)". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00381767.
Texto completo da fonteUne méthodologie de validation croisée entre les modèles géo-électriques et les modèles d'écoulement densitaire a été développée. Dans un premier temps, l'interprétation par modélisation inverse des mesures ERT fournit des informations pertinentes pour la structuration et le paramétrage des modèles hydrogéologiques (géométrie du réservoir, vitesses d'écoulement, etc.). Dans un deuxième temps, une validation qualitative est obtenue par comparaison entre la distribution des salinités interprétée d'après les résultats du modèle géo-électrique d'inversion et celle simulée par le modèle d'écoulement densitaire. Enfin, une validation quantitative est obtenue par comparaison entre la réponse géo-électrique théorique des salinités simulées par le modèle hydrogéologique (préalablement transformées en résistivité par application d'un modèle hydro-pétrophysique) et les mesures ERT acquises sur le terrain.
La fiabilité de la méthode a été précisée par des analyses de sensibilité conduites sur les différents modèles utilisés (géo-électrique, hydrogéologique et hydro-pétrophysique) et son applicabilité a été testée sur trois contextes hydrogéologiques et climatiques différents. Ainsi, aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine (Canada), les remontées salines sous les captages d'eau ont été caractérisées. Sur l'îlot M'Ba (Nouvelle-Calédonie), les variations spatiales de la recharge contrôlant le développement de la lentille d'eau douce ont été évaluées. Enfin, sur le tombolo de Pikine (Sénégal), les phénomènes évapotranspiratoires et concentrateurs intenses affectant les dépressions inter-dunaires ont été quantifiés.
Sène, Abdourahmane Mbade. "Des institutions internationales à l'action locale. A quelles échelles le développement durable est-il efficace ?Le cas des équipements structurants dans le bassin versant du fleuve Sénégal". Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413731.
Texto completo da fonteD'une manière transversale à ces axes de recherche, apparaissent deux autres axes de réflexion : d'abord de nouveaux principes ou indicateurs relatifs au développement durable et à la justice environnementale tels que l'équité et la participation sont étudiés sur ces territoires afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes ou le fonctionnement des modèles de développement véhiculés par les instances internationales sur les territoires des pays du Sud. Ensuite, l'analyse des grandes conventions internationales environnementales depuis leur élaboration au travers de négociations internationales avec toutes les controverses qui en découlent jusqu'à leur application avec les difficultés d'appropriation par les Etats du Sud des normes qui y sont élaborés et les conditionnalités de l'aide qui s'y rattachent.
Labé, A. Olivier. "Le redoublement, la réussite scolaire et l’objectif de la Scolarisation Primaire Universelle (SPU) d’ici à 2015 dans le cadre de l’Éducation Pour Tous (EPT) : cas du Sénégal à partir des données longitudinales du PASEC". Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5948.
Texto completo da fonteThe Education for All is mobilizing the international community and national governments since 1990. This global commitment which was renewed in 2000 under the auspices of UNESCO and the United-Nations has set a basic goal: the universalization of a complete primary education for all school-age children by 2015. Several studies on the achievement of this goal show that developing countries are most at risk and that progress in many of these countries could have been higher if the practice of grade repetition was better regulated and controlled. This measure would contribute to the improvement of academic achievement and increase retention within the education systems. Indeed, grade repetition practice is a tradition in several education systems. It is particularly overwhelming in some groups of countries or regions, especially in Francophone sub-Saharan Africa. In these countries, the PASEC – «Programme d’Analyse des Systèmes Educatifs de la CONFEMEN (Conférence des Ministres de l’Éducation National des pays ayant le français en partage)» - works to improve access to quality education for all, by for example, informing policies on the national situation of grade repetition. This research on grade repetition, school success and the Universal Primary Education (UPE) goal favors the pedagogical dimension, the empirical analysis and studies the case of Senegal. It presents and discusses the international indicators for UPE goal monitoring, takes stock of current knowledge on grade repetition and academic achievement and shows the challenge that represents the realisation of UPE goal especially in Francophone sub-Saharan Africa countries. By using the existing 1995-2000 PASEC longitudinal survey data in Senegal, this research examines pupils’ school careers toward the realisation of UPE goal. Transversal and longitudinal analyses of grade repetition and learning achievement based on the pupil’s personal, family and school characteristics have been used. Results from these analyses show variabilities related especially to individual, classroom and school location factors. The longitudinal analysis of grade repetition is based on the school flowchart which allows the calculation of a set of indicators about the internal efficiency of Senegal education system. For the cohort studied, due to the high grades repetition and dropout rates, pupils are required, on average, 9.4 years of schooling to progress from the second to the sixth (final) grade of primary. Only 39% of the initial cohort survives to the last grade, which suggests that if this trend remains unchanged, Senegal would be at risk of not achieving the UPE goal. An assessment of the current situation based on more recent data would be required. The school flowchart is an educational planning tool. Thus, it represents an important lever for political authorities to act on education system parameters (parameters related to education quality, internal efficiency, etc.) in order to effectively attain specific objectives or milestones resulting, for example, to the achievement of the UPE goal.