Bibliografias temáticas / Spawning time

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Spawning time"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 23 de junho de 2021
Última modificação: 1 de fevereiro de 2022

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Spawning time":

1

Óskarsson, Guðmundur J., e Christopher T. Taggart. "Spawning time variation in Icelandic summer-spawning herring (Clupea harengus)". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, n.º 10 (outubro de 2009): 1666–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-095.

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Different fish stocks of the same species are defined by spatial and temporal differences in spawning, though spawning time can vary within and among stocks. Here we address spawning time variation in Icelandic summer-spawning (ISS) Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus ). We do so by examining influencing factors that include variation in stock size structure, spawning experience (recruit vs. repeat spawners), spawning stock biomass (SSB), sea temperature, and combinations thereof. Our results, based on temporal variation in ovary weight (OW), relative ovary weight (RG), and maturation stage, across a time series of nearly 50 years and eight length classes of ISS herring, show that spawning occurs over a relatively invariant 30-day period defined by day-of-the-year. Logistic regression analyses and temporal development in OW and RG show that maximum spawning invariably occurs on day-of-the-year 200 ± 15 days, and seasonal variation in mesenteric fat content is physiologically consistent with the timing. We show that the smaller recruit spawners tend to spawn ~17 days later, on average, than the larger repeat spawners. Spawning occurs ~7 days later when SSB is greater than the long-term average, and spawning may be delayed by as much as 10 days during periods of colder than average ocean temperature.
2

Otterå, H., A.-L. Agnalt, A. Thorsen, O. S. Kjesbu, G. Dahle e K. Jørstad. "Is spawning time of marine fish imprinted in the genes? A two-generation experiment on local Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) populations from different geographical regions". ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, n.º 10 (27 de julho de 2012): 1722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss135.

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Abstract Otterå*, H., Agnalt, A-L., Thorsen, A., Kjesbu, O.S., Dahle, G., and Jørstad, K. 2012. Is spawning time of marine fish imprinted in the genes? A two-generation experiment on local Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) populations from different geographical regions. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1722–1728. Spawning time (onset of spawning) in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) was monitored in an experimental setup and combined with modelled spawning time estimates from the wild. The experiment broodstock were collected from several geographical areas and kept in a common environment. Their spawning times in 2004 were compared with the spawning times of their daughters in 2009 and 2010. Daughter spawning time was highly correlated with that of the mother, indicating genetic regulation of spawning time. However, large individual variation in spawning time was observed. The modelling data suggests a north-south gradient in onset of spawning along the Norwegian coast, driven by differences in temperature, i.e. later dates of spawning in the north.
3

Blanchfield, P. J., e M. S. Ridgway. "Reproductive timing and use of redd sites by lake-spawning brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1997): 747–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f96-344.

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We provide a detailed description of a salmonine mating system based on daily observations of tagged individuals in a lake-spawning population of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) throughout two breeding seasons. Actual spawning occurred over a period of ~50 d. Over 90% of spawning males were present soon after spawning commenced and outnumbered females for the duration of the spawning period. The amount of time males and females remained on the spawning grounds increased with body size; however, males were present over a longer period than females of equivalent size. A distinct seasonal peak in spawning activity (~15 d) accounted for 58 and 84% (1994 and 1995) of all reproduction and was coincident with a decline in water temperature below 11°C and increased rainfall. Selection of redd sites by female brook trout was determined by groundwater flow which was significantly greater than at nonspawning sites. A preference for certain redd sites was observed, with 50% of spawnings occurring at 11 sites. The construction of multiple redds and duration in spawning activity by females increased with body size. Extensive reuse of redd sites and rapid replacement of females during removal experiments indicate that redd sites are a limiting resource.
4

Slotte, A., A. Johannessen e O. S. Kjesbu. "Effects of fish size on spawning time in Norwegian spring-spawning herring". Journal of Fish Biology 56, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2000): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02107.x.

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FUJIOKA, YASUHIRO, TAKASHI TAGUCHI e TAKESHI KIKKO. "Spawning time, spawning frequency, and spawned egg number in a multiple-spawning fish, the honmoroko Gnathopogon caerulescens". NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 79, n.º 1 (2013): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.79.31.

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6

Jamieson, I. G., D. M. Blouw e P. W. Colgan. "Parental care as a constraint on male mating success in fishes: a comparative study of threespine and white sticklebacks". Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, n.º 5 (1 de maio de 1992): 956–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-136.

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To investigate constraints imposed by male parental behavior on male mating success we compared mate competition in two related 'species' of stickleback, one showing parental care (threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus), the other not (white stickleback, Gasterosteus sp.). Three males of each species (tested separately) competed for spawnings with gravid females over a 10-day period. Our findings showed that once a threespine male acquires its first clutch of eggs, the chances of it spawning successively over the next 4 days increase, after which courtship activity declines and parental care of eggs increases. This leads to a serial pattern of spawning amongst the three males in which the second male spawns successively in its nest after the first male has completed its spawnings, followed by the third male, if it spawns at all. However, the third male is more likely to steal fertilizations in the nests of the other two males; stolen fertilizations represented an estimated 29% of the spawning frequency of the third male, compared with 5 and 0% for the second and first males, respectively. The order in which threespine males spawned was correlated with the order in which they initiated nest construction and their ability to defend and maintain a nest site. Immediately after spawning, white stickleback males disperse their eggs among clumps of filamentous algae, where the eggs develop without further parental assistance. In contrast to threespines, white sticklebacks tested under the same competitive conditions showed a random pattern of spawning amongst the three males and stolen fertilizations were not observed. This difference in spawning pattern presumably reflects the time constraint imposed on the sexual phase by the imminent need for parental care once a threespine male obtains eggs. Without the need for parental care of eggs, white males that spawn are not under the same time constraints and therefore each successive spawning is of equal value among competing males, resulting in a random pattern of spawning. In contrast, an asymmetry exists in threespines in which males with freshly spawned eggs in their nest increase their courtship intensity relative to males without eggs, resulting in a serial or ordered pattern of spawning among the males. It is further suggested that stolen fertilizations may be a secondary adaptation to offset any inability to compete effectively for nest sites and females during the initial part of the breeding period.
7

Wu, Lisheng, Qiujing Gao, Guizhong Wang e Yusha Liu. "Diel variations in Centropages tenuiremis (Copepoda) feeding, spawning and its relationship with temperature". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, n.º 3 (30 de agosto de 2012): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412001026.

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Diel rhythms in feeding and spawning were investigated in Centropages tenuiremis from Xiamen Bay in March to May, 2006. Circular statistics were used to determine the peak time of spawning. The results showed that the feeding activities of females were stably higher at night-time, and there was a remarkable earlier shift in spawning peak time with warmer seawater. Thus, the lag times between peak times of gut pigment content and spawning were shortened with the increase of temperature. It suggested that there was a direct effect of feeding rhythms on egg production variations in copepods, and the seawater temperature would work on the converting time and then influence the spawning peak time. So the effect of temperature cannot be ignored in the investigation of the effects of feeding on egg production.
8

Hay, D. E. "Tidal Influence on Spawning Time of Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, n.º 12 (1 de dezembro de 1990): 2390–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-266.

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Dates of over 17 000 records of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) spawns from 1951 to 1986 in British Columbia were examined by tidal or lunar phases. The frequency of spawns was significantly higher during neap tides following a new moon. The effect was greatest in spawning areas close to the open Pacific and least in the inside waters of the Strait of Georgia. The mechanism of tidal influence on spawning is uncertain but may involve inhibition of spawning during periods of strong spring tides corresponding to periods of full and new moons. An association between spawning time and tidal phases requires that the annual calendar dates of spawning times change between years. A tidal cycle (or a synodic month) is about 29.6 d, and 12 synodic mo equals 355.4 d, whereas a calendar year is about 365.2 d. Therefore, the dates of tidal phases, such as the springtide, are either about 10 d earlier or 5 d later relative to the previous year. Other possible consequences of tidal influence include the timing of spawning waves and differences in size composition and egg size between waves.
9

Muller, E., e M. J. A. Vermeij. "Day time spawning of a Caribbean coral". Coral Reefs 30, n.º 4 (28 de agosto de 2011): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-011-0814-7.

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10

Forsythe, Patrick S., James A. Crossman, Nora M. Bello, Edward A. Baker e Kim T. Scribner. "Individual-based analyses reveal high repeatability in timing and location of reproduction in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2012): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-132.

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Few studies have quantified the repeatability of reproductive decisions by individuals or assessed their relationship with environmental variables over multiple seasons for long-lived iteroparous fish species. Using individual-based data collected for 678 lake sturgeon ( Acipenser fulvescens ) over 8 consecutive years, we evaluated hypotheses regarding spawning periodicity and repeatability of spawning location, spawning time, and environmental cues associated with spawning. At our study site (Upper Black River, northern Michigan, USA), interspawning interval differed between males (2.3 ± 0.08 years) and females (3.7 ± 0.16 years), but was not significantly related to age. Individual spawning behavior was highly repeatable with respect to spawning time (relative day within the spawning season) for both sexes regardless of size or age, but was less repeatable, though still significant, relative to water temperature, river discharge, and lunar phase. Breeding area was also repeatable, with individuals spawning earlier in the season selecting locations further upstream than those spawning later. Repeatability in spawning times and locations suggest that subpopulation differentiation may develop among different spawning groups, even within small and spatially contiguous areas.
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Artigos de revistas

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Spawning time":

1

Lindberg, Benjamin. "Predation as a driver of reproductive isolation : Differences in predation risk between whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) spawning habitats". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184959.

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The origin and maintenance of much of natural biodiversity can likely be explained by theecological speciation theory. Ecological speciation is defined as the process whenreproductive isolation arises through divergent selection caused by ecological factors, such asbiotic interactions and abiotic conditions. Many populations of European whitefish(Coregonus lavaretus) are currently going through sympatric speciation from a single littoralecotype to two or more ecologically separate ecotypes. It has been hypothesized that northernpike (Esox lucius) is promoting speciation in whitefish by exposing it to a trade-off betweenpredation risk and resource availability causing an initial divergence in size eventuallyleading to two or more ecologically and genetically distinct ecotypes. After initial divergencesmall whitefish ecotypes often abandon ancestral spawning sites to spawn in streams or deepwater suggesting that the ecotypes are at least partially reproductively isolated. The driver ofthis reproductive isolation could be predation risk as pike mainly forage in the littoral. If thisis true, we would expect to find significantly higher predation risk for small whitefish at thelittoral spawning sites than on alternative spawning sites. To test this idea, hooks baited withsmall whitefish was placed at different spawning sites during the fall spawning season andchecked every 12 hour for 36 hours. Relative predation risk for small whitefish wassignificantly higher at the ancestral littoral spawning sites than at stream spawning sites. Inaddition, there was a significant decrease in predation risk later in the spawning season. Thisindicates that predation is promoting reproductive isolation in European whitefish byselecting against small individuals spawning at littoral spawning sites, but potentially also byselecting for delaying spawning in small individuals in the littoral. To fully understand thespeciation process in this system more studies must be done considering the complexity ofthe speciation process. Because of the lack of studies investigating predation as a cause ofbehavioral changes, that in turn promotes reproductive isolation, future studies should putmore emphasis on predation as a possible driver of reproductive isolation.
2

McDonald, Gavin. "Relatedness determination and detection of spawning time QTL in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58359.pdf.

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3

Fishback, Anthony Gordon. "Genetic and environmental influences on the spawning time and progeny growth of hatchery rainbow trout". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ40412.pdf.

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Quinton, Cheryl Denise. "Growth rate and spawning time in diallel crosses of three strains of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58370.pdf.

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O'Malley, Kathleen Gallen. "Quantitative trait loci for spawning time and body weight in rainbow trout, testing for conserved effects across ancestral homeologues". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58366.pdf.

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6

Vu, Maria. "Time- and Dose-related Effects of a Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist and Dopamine Antagonist on Reproduction in the Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens) and the Western Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis)". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36024.

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The recent decline and disappearance of many amphibians around the world is thought to be the sign of an impending sixth mass extinction that is driven by disease, habitat loss and pollution. Reproductive technologies are now required to establish captive colonies followed by reintroduction into suitable habitats. The AMPHIPLEX method is a hormone mixture that has successfully stimulated spawning in several amphibians. However, its extensive application requires further experimentation and knowledge regarding the basic neuroendocrine control of reproduction in amphibians. The role of the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine in the regulation of spawning and gonadotropin synthesis was investigated using multiple time- and dose-related approaches in the field and laboratory. These end points were explored in two distantly-related frog species: the Northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) and the Western clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis). Northern leopard frogs were injected during the natural breeding season with three doses of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-A) (0.1 μg/g , 0.2 μg/g and 0.4 μg/g) alone and in combination with two doses of the selective dopamine receptor D2 antagonist metoclopramide (MET) (5 μg/g and 10 μg/g). Injected animals were allowed to breed in mesocosms in an outdoor field. Time to amplexus and oviposition were assessed, and egg mass release, incidences of amplexus, egg mass weight, total egg numbers and fertilization rates were measured. The results revealed no statistically significant interaction between GnRH-A and MET on amplexus and oviposition. A series of GnRH-A dose-response spawning studies were conducted in the Western clawed frog. The current findings indicate that partial ovulation, male sexual behavior and fertilization can be induced by 4 μg/g of GnRH-A alone and in combination with 10 μg/g of MET. This represents a first step towards understanding basic neuroendocrine reproductive mechanisms in this species. These spawning results were paired with a second end point which explored the molecular mechanisms of gonadotropin synthesis in response to GnRH-A and MET alone and in combination. Pituitary gene expression results in the Northern leopard frog indicate a potentiating action of MET when combined with GnRH-A on the mRNA levels of gonadotropin subunits 36 hours following injection. The postulated mechanisms of action are through the upregulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 and the downregulation of dopamine receptor D2. Such gene expression pathways were similarly explored in the Western clawed frog, however no significant changes in pituitary gonadotropin and receptor gene expression were present at 12 hours post-injection. The hypothesized inhibitory action of dopamine was supported by pituitary gene expression analysis, but not by spawning outcome. The results from this study provide a fundamental framework for future time- and dose-response investigations to improve current spawning methods in amphibians.
7

Musch, Andrea E. "Spawning habitat selection of sympatric smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and rock bass ((Ambloplites rupestris) in north temperate lakes : habitat separation in space and time /". Link to full text, 2007. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2007/Musch.pdf.

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8

Jordan, Anna C. "Patterns in Caribbean Coral Spawning". Thesis, NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/468.

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Most corals worldwide are broadcast spawners that rely on synchronous gamete release for successful fertilization. Spawning synchrony may also decrease the probability of heterospecific fertilization that may produce maladaptive hybrids. Despite the importance of reproductive timing, researchers have only recently begun to collect spawning data across coral species in the Caribbean, but these data remain to be analyzed. This study investigates interannual, seasonal, and environmental patterns that may influence Caribbean scleractinian spawning times. The number of spawning observations varies widely among location and species. Most spawning observations were collected in Florida, Curaçao, and Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary. Acropora palmata, A. cervicornis, and Orbicella species were the most documented. The Orbicella spp. were very consistent for spawning day annually, while the acroporids were less reliable. However, the acroporids were more consistent for spawning time in minutes after sunset between years. Season and moon cycles were obvious proximate cues for spawning, but a strong influence from wind and tides was absent. Acropora cervicornis was the only species in this study which spawning was significantly affected by water temperature. For some scleractinians, the day of spawning was significantly affected by mass bleaching events; spawning could occur on earlier days than in previous years for up to two years after the event. This study highlights existing data gaps for Pseudodiploria clivosa, A. prolifera and Siderastrea siderea. Documenting spawning patterns is crucial to better understand the potential impacts of future threats on the already imperiled Caribbean corals at risk from reproductive failure.
9

Hossain, Mokammel Md. "Spawning times and early life history of Hilsa ilisha in Bangladesh". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24688.

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Sexual condition of female Hilsa was sampled from October 1983 to August 1984 from freshwater, estuarine and marine localities in Bangladesh. At Chandpur, on the River Meghna, changes in gonadosomatic index showed that early monsoon (June), late monsoon (October), and winter (February) are the major spawning periods. Ages of juvenile Hilsa were determined up to six months old (12 cm long) by counting daily growth rings of otoliths. Hatching dates of juveniles collected in different months were back calculated from otolith readings, and confirmed the existence of the three spawning peaks. Migratory movements of juvenile Hilsa in the River Meghna were studied from samples obtained by experimental beach seining, by experimental drift gill netting, and by fishermen's gear. Length-frequency analysis of fish from beach seines and from fishermen's catch indicated juveniles less than 8 cm in total length inhabit shore and shallow river areas (<10 ft depth). When juveniles attain a larger size (>7 cm) they migrate to the deeper river (>10 ft depth) in January. After reaching 12 cm, all disappeared from the deeper river in May. Their migration from the river towards the sea was indicated by the direction of gilling in experimental nets, and by mean length analysis of juveniles collected in the upper and downstream areas of the River Meghna.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
10

Sonderblohm, Carlos. "Dinâmica das pescas e gestão participativa do polvo vulgar (Octopus vulgaris) capturado pela frota de covos e alcatruzes no sul de Portugal". Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/8399.

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Tese de Doutoramento, Ciências do Mar, da Terra e do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015
The following PhD dissertation presents information on biological, ecological, socioeconomical and governmental aspects of the fishery of the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris), captured by pot and trap fishing fleets in the region of Algarve (Portugal), in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. The thesis work has been divided into two parts, Part One and Part Two. Part One addresses the fishery dynamics of the common octopus and its relationship with the life cycle of the species, especially those aspects concerning key reproductive stages such as spawning, para-larvae and fishing recruitment, and also its relationship with the environment. Part Two analyses the management of the fishery of the common octopus currently in force in Portugal, particularly in the Algarvian region. A series of workshops were held with stakeholders from this fishery, such as fishermen, scientists and government officials, with the purpose of discussing management approaches aimed to improve this fishery, for example the implementation of a seasonal closure in order to protect the reproduction of the species. Part One is sub-divided into two chapters, Chapter Two and Chapter Three, which precede the introduction or Chapter One. Chapter One gives an overview of the octopus fisheries around the world, the life cycle of the species and how it affects the management of the fishery, and challenges faced by the fishers and industry. Chapter Two emerges from the necessity of the fishermen to establish the time of the year that is deemed most suitable for implementing a ban on the fishery of the common octopus, in order to protect its reproduction and recruitment. This chapter aims to explain the relationship between the dynamics of the fishery and the octopus's life cycle. By means of multivariate statistical analysis of the last 25 years of data from fishing landing records at 12 main ports of the region, the most important factors linking the fishery dynamics of the octopus and its biology were identified. The results were used to construct an life cycle figure that can be used by fishermen, scientists, students, government officials, among others as a quick reference guide. Chapter Three investigate fishing landing data from the Port of Santa Luzia, one of the most important octopus ports in the Algarvian region. The use of statistical techniques such as Dynamic Factor Analyses (DFA) specifically intended for the analysis of time series including local oceanographic and environmental data is explored in order to find common trends and its relationship with environmental variables relevant to the selected fishing area. The results of these analyses reveal factors that affect the recruitment of the species in the Algarve. Part Two is sub-divided also into two chapters, Chapter Four and Chapter Five. Chapter Four begins with a description of the current socio-economic situation and governance model of the pot and trap octopus fisheries in the country. Using a time line approach, a retrospective of the evolution of this fishery during the last 50 years was developed. Common challenges associated with the steady increase of this fishery were identified. Chapter Five analyses ideas debated at seven participatory workshops, held between 2014 and 2015, on the management of the pot and trap octopus fishery in the Algarvian region. In these meetings, stakeholders (fishermen, marine biology researchers, scientists, representatives of government bodies and public institution, university students, among others) discussed proposals aimed to address current challenges, improve the management of the fishery of this resource, and develop a comanagement model that benefits all parties involved in the activity. These proposals were summarized in a handbook that is included as an annex at the end of this PhD dissertation. This paper concludes in Chapter Six with a general discussion about previous chapters and future research that are considered necessary as a result of this work.

Livros sobre o assunto "Spawning time":

1

Rogue Basin Fisheries Evaluation Project (Or.) e United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Portland District., eds. Effects of Lost Creek Dam on the distribution and time of chinook salmon spawning in the Rogue River upstream of Gold Ray Dam. Portland, Or: Rogue Basin Fisheries Evaluation Project, Research and Development Section, Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, 1990.

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2

Newman, Richard S. Love Canal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195374834.001.0001.

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In the summer of 1978, residents of Love Canal, a suburban development in Niagara Falls, NY, began protesting against the leaking toxic waste dump in their midst-a sixteen-acre site containing 100,000 barrels of chemical waste that anchored their neighborhood. Initially seeking evacuation, area activists soon found that they were engaged in a far larger battle over the meaning of America's industrial past and its environmental future. The Love Canal protest movement inaugurated the era of grassroots environmentalism, spawning new anti-toxics laws and new models of ecological protest. Historian Richard S. Newman examines the Love Canal crisis through the area's broader landscape, detailing the way this ever-contentious region has been used, altered, and understood from the colonial era to the present day. Newman journeys into colonial land use battles between Native Americans and European settlers, 19th-century utopian city planning, the rise of the American chemical industry in the 20th century, the transformation of environmental activism in the 1970s, and the memory of environmental disasters in our own time. In an era of hydrofracking and renewed concern about nuclear waste disposal, Love Canal remains relevant. It is only by starting at the very beginning of the site's environmental history that we can understand the road to a hazardous waste crisis in the 1970s-and to the global environmental justice movement it sparked.

Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Spawning time":

1

Wolf, T. J. A., T. S. Kuhlman, O. Schalk, T. J. Martínez, K. B. Møller, A. Stolow e A. N. Unterreiner. "Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Multiple Spawning Studies of Hexamethylcyclopentadiene". In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 184–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13242-6_44.

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2

Hahn, Ernst Moritz, Mateo Perez, Sven Schewe, Fabio Somenzi, Ashutosh Trivedi e Dominik Wojtczak. "Model-Free Reinforcement Learning for Branching Markov Decision Processes". In Computer Aided Verification, 651–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_30.

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AbstractWe study reinforcement learning for the optimal control of Branching Markov Decision Processes (BMDPs), a natural extension of (multitype) Branching Markov Chains (BMCs). The state of a (discrete-time) BMCs is a collection of entities of various types that, while spawning other entities, generate a payoff. In comparison with BMCs, where the evolution of a each entity of the same type follows the same probabilistic pattern, BMDPs allow an external controller to pick from a range of options. This permits us to study the best/worst behaviour of the system. We generalise model-free reinforcement learning techniques to compute an optimal control strategy of an unknown BMDP in the limit. We present results of an implementation that demonstrate the practicality of the approach.
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Tominaga, Hideyuki, Miéko Komatsu e Chitara Oguro. "Aggregation for spawning in the breeding season of the sea-star, Asterina minor Hayashi". In Echinoderms through Time, 369–73. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077831-87.

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Hamel, J. F., e A. Mercier. "Influence of environmental factors on prespawning behaviour, spawning and developmental biology of the brooding starfish Leptasterias polaris". In Echinoderms through Time, 310. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077831-69.

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"Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed". In Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed, editado por Heather M. Brown, Frederick J. Griffin, Eric J. Larson e Gary N. Cherr. American Fisheries Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569599.ch1.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—San Francisco Bay provides spawning and rearing habitat for California’s largest population of Pacific herring <em>Clupea pallasi</em>. This population provides a food source for other species and supports a valuable fishery for Pacific herring roe. Since the inception of the roe fishery in 1973, the California Department of Fish and Game has conducted annual surveys of spawning in San Francisco Bay as part of an ongoing assessment of population status and management of the fishery. The purpose of this paper is to document (1) regions of San Francisco Bay used by Pacific herring as spawning grounds over time, and (2) time periods in which spawning took place. Spawn data were analyzed by geographic region in the bay and by month for the period 1973–2000. During this period, we documented 269 spawning events from Point San Pablo south to Redwood City. Estimates of spawning adult biomass (fish that were not harvested by the fishery) ranged from 80,813 metric tons in 1981–1982 to 3,199 metric tons in 1997– 1998 (mean = 34,688 ± 19,325 SD). January was the peak spawning month, followed by December and February; small variations in this pattern occurred during some years. Overall, the majority of spawning took place in the north-central bay region (Point Bonita to Richmond-San Rafael Bridge, Angel Island, Point San Pablo, Berkeley flats; 55%) and the San Francisco region (Golden Gate Bridge to Candlestick Point; 34%), although it alternated between these two regions over time. In some years, considerable spawning took place in the Oakland–Alameda region (San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge to Bay Farm Island). The largest spawns and peak periods of spawning may not contribute most toward the next generation of Pacific herring, due to differential mortality within the season. For this reason, all regions documented in this study are important spawning grounds for Pacific herring from November through March each year. A number of recent studies have furthered our understanding of Pacific herring early life history and the forces that drive year-class formation in San Francisco Bay. However, studies are especially needed that will improve our ability to adequately address the potential impacts of human activities on Pacific herring in this highly urbanized estuary.
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"Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America". In Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America, editado por Abel F. Brumo, Leo Grandmontagne, Steven N. Namitz e Douglas F. Markle. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874134.ch12.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—We evaluated two methods for assessing Pacific lamprey <em>Lampetra tridentata</em> spawning populations (visual counts of spawning adults and redds) and one method for assessing larval production (emergent ammocoete counts from drift nets) in the South Fork Coquille River, Oregon in 2004 and 2005. All three methods generally provided similar portrayals of timing, duration, and magnitude of spawning, including greater abundance in 2004 and seasonally bimodal spawning in 2005. We found a linear relationship between adult and redd counts but a high redd to adult ratio that varied seasonally in both years. The high redd to adult ratio can be attributed to short residence time in spawning areas and temperature or habitat-dependent differences in detection of adults, both of which can undermine adult count data. Redds had relatively longer persistence and larger numbers compared to adults and therefore may be a more practical survey method, but variable redd shape, size, and age, as well as superimposition, presented significant counting errors. Both adult and redd counts had no clear-cut way to quantify errors. Sampling emergent ammocoetes in the drift allowed detection of low density early and late season spawning and would be the preferred survey method when surveys of spawning adults and redds are impractical due to river size, visibility, or access. Even when spawning surveys are practical, emergent ammocoete counts may be better for detecting and monitoring small populations. Disadvantages of ammocoete sampling include nighttime work hours, extra laboratory time, and difficulties with species identification. The general absence of a stock–recruit relationship in lampreys means adult and redd counts are poor predictors of ammocoete production and emergent ammocoete abundance is a poor predictor of spawning abundance. The relationship breaks down because of variability in early survival, which is best detected using data from both spawning surveys and larval drift samples.
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Newman, Richard S. "3. The time is now". In Abolitionism, 47–66. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190213220.003.0004.

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Organized abolitionism had been in operation for nearly fifty years when it took a radical turn during the 1830s. “The time is now: The rise of immediate abolition” describes how a new generation of Anglo-American abolitionists made immediate emancipation the movement’s standard, spawning wide-ranging debates about abolitionist radicalism. Led by a diverse and multicultural constellation of activists, abolition’s second wave embraced a crusading brand of reform that refused to defer to slaveholders’ or politicians’ concerns. Experimenting with new tactics—from mail campaigns that bombarded slaveholders with antislavery literature to the physical defense of fugitive slaves—abolitionists became full-time activists and professional reformers. It was an explosive era of activism.
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"Red Snapper: Ecology and Fisheries in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico". In Red Snapper: Ecology and Fisheries in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, editado por DAVID S. HANISKO, JOANNE LYCZKOWSKI-SHULTZ e G. WALTER INGRAM. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569971.ch19.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Red snapper <em>Lutjanus campechanus </em>larval occurrence and abundance during Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program (SEAMAP) Summer Shrimp/Bottomfish (1982–2003) and Fall Plankton (1986–2003) surveys were examined to identify the time series of ichthyoplankton data that might best reflect trends in the red snapper spawning population in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Since bongo nets were more effective than neuston nets at capturing red snapper larvae only catches from bongo nets were used to estimate annual occurrence and abundance, i.e. the SEAMAP larval red snapper index. The summer survey was conducted during the peak of red snapper spawning in June and July, but limited and inconsistent coverage during this survey did not permit development of a reliable Gulfwide (U.S. continental shelf) index of larval abundance. In contrast, the fall survey conducted near the end of the spawning season in September yielded a 16 year time series over which to examine trends in red snapper abundance throughout the GOM. Although occurrence and abundance of red snapper larvae were lower during September than in June and July, estimates from both summer and fall surveys showed the same inter-annual patterns and were highly correlated. Larvae were eight times more abundant and occurred in five times as many samples in the western than in the eastern GOM. Separate standardized indices of relative abundance were generated for the western and eastern GOM. The standardization procedure accounted for the effects of year, time of day, depth and subregion in the western GOM, but only for subregion in the eastern GOM. Larval indices of red snapper abundance suggest an increased spawning stock in both the western and eastern GOM after 1995.
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"Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation". In Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation, editado por Dijar J. Lutz-Carrillo. American Fisheries Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874400.ch41.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Attempts to infer mating systems in wild fish populations can be limited by the logistics of locating nests and thoroughly sampling offspring and potential participants. Captive populations are more easily evaluated but may exhibit modified behavior. We used microsatellites (17 loci) to determine parentage among production offspring and infer the mating system of raceway spawning Guadalupe Bass <em>Micropterus treculii</em>, which are part of a supplemental stocking program. Offspring were collected over the course of two production seasons (<em>n </em>= 303 and 492). Spawning activity was nonrandom, with respect to location and time in most compartments, and individuals that spawned were significantly larger, by length and weight, than individuals that did not. During the first year of captivity, significantly fewer males (21 of 60) than females (49 of 61) spawned. Inequalities between the number of nest locations used and the numbers of spawning males and females suggest that males recruited females to spawning sites. While most spawning females (61%) participated with a single mate, most spawning males (90%) participated with multiple females and only 3% of mating pairs were monogamous. This predominantly polygynous mating system contrasts with the primarily monogamous systems of wild congeners and resulted in an effective number of breeders (<em>N<sub>b</sub></em>) less than 30% of the number of penned broodfish. Quarantining particularly prolific males to separate pens during the second year of captivity had little effect on mating behavior, as other males filled their roles. This represents the first documentation of mate choice and fidelity in Guadalupe Bass and provides a template for expected reproductive behavior in a standard hatchery setting. Understanding mating systems, including the effects of captivity on behavior, should enhance restoration efforts, particularly when supplemental stocking programs are involved.
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"Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment". In Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment, editado por Donald J. Jellyman e Melissa M. Bowen. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874080.ch17.

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<em>Abstract</em>.-The location of the spawning grounds of the three species of <em>Anguilla </em>that occur in New Zealand and Australia, shortfin eel <em>A. australis</em>, Australian longfin eel <em>A. dieffenbachii</em>, and Australian longfin eel (also known as speckled longfin eel) <em>A. reinhardtii</em>, are unknown. No larvae of New Zealand longfin eels have been collected, and too few shortfin eel and speckled longfin eel larvae have been collected to use conventional back-tracking of progressively smaller larvae to determine likely spawning areas. The limited larval material together with results from satellite tracking pop-up tags from New Zealand longfin eels indicate that spawning of all three species will be in the tropics, and possible areas were further demarcated by developing a Lagrangian trajectory model based on surface currents derived from hydrography, satellite altimetry, and wind stress. The initial model assumed passive drift of larvae, a third of the total time spent in near-surface layers, and arrival within the larval lifetimes indicated by ages of metamorphosing glass eels. The proportion of successful trajectories enabling arrival offshore of New Zealand or Australia was substantially improved by addition to the model of directed swimming of the larvae towards a destination. The model indicated that possible spawning areas for all three species would be in the northeast of New Caledonia, perhaps within the North Fiji basin between Vanuatu and Fiji. Spawning within this region is consistent with the locations of known larvae, probable migration routes, and the distribution of adult eels in both countries.

Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Spawning time":

1

Wolf, T. J. A., T. S. Kuhlman, O. Schalk, T. J. Martínez, K. B. Møller, A. Stolow e A. N. Unterreiner. "Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio multiple spawning studies of hexamethylcyclopentadiene". In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.2014.07.mon.b.5.

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2

Higgs, C. F., e P. Braunschweiger. "Considering Ethics and the Responsible Conduct of Research in Tribology and in Engineering". In ASME/STLE 2011 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2011-61280.

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The scientific corpus in technical fields such tribology is not immune from the harm resulting from unethical research behavior, whether intentional or unintentional. When combining this with an increasingly competitive and globalized scientific arena, the research environment can become quite fertile grounds for spawning unethical research behavior. At the same time, the increasing speed of the dissemination of research results due to the various online publication formats has highlighted the need for honest and transparent publications. Primarily developed from research conduct training modules created by the second author and his team at the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI), this primer paper serves to illuminate the tenets of responsible research conduct for senior, mid-career and junior tribologists, in addition to scientists in related fields of engineering who want to know what it means to rigorously pursue scientific research in an ethical manner.
3

Braduliene, Jolita, e Raimondas Grubliauskas. "Nitrogen Compunds in the Surface Water Identifying Concentrations and Sources". In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.011.

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The main objective of the surface water monitoring – periodically to conduct water quality testing, to find out the possible sources of pollution in time and to warn population. Water samples for analysis of surface water bodies – rivers Raseika (Raseiniai district, central Lithuania) were taken during the autumn season. The river Raseika belongs to the basin of the river Jura. This river was drained for many times and has a lot of ponds. The treated urban sewage of Raseiniai wastewater treatment plants flows to this river. Also the river Raseika is polluted by population sewage, which are not col-lected and treated. The river Raseika flows through Dubysa Regional Park area, which was established in 1992 to preserve Dubysa erosive valley landscape, natural and cultural heritage values: the picturesque Dubysa valley; significant geomor-phological, hydrographic, cultural, botanical and landscape values, natural ecosystem stability, biota components, unique flora and fauna, natural fish migration routes and spawning grounds. Six points were selected to carry out the monitoring of the river Raseika. The nitrogen concentrations were mostly not corre-sponding to the standards. Most of the ascendances were found in samples where the treated urban sewage of Raseiniai city wastewater treatment plants flows in the river.
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Takahashi, Satoru, Satoru Takahashi, Masami Hamaguchi e Masami Hamaguchi. "SEASONAL VARIATION OF TRANSPORTATION OF ASARI CLAM, RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM, LARVAE IN HIROSHIMA BAY". In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315cbb321.

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Hiroshima Bay is located in western part of the Seto Inland Sea, and there is high productivity of Asari clam. However, the landings amount of the clam was rapidly decreased and production areas came to be limited in the northern part (bay head). Here, the clam has the planktonic larval stage. Then, it is important to reveal the transportation process of larvae to clarify the habitat connectivity of the clam. Therefore, in this study, we try to clarify the transportation process of the clam larvae in the Hiroshima Bay by numerical model experiments. As a result of model experiments, in June (rainy and heating season), the larvae are transported to southward in western area of Hiroshima Bay. In November (dry and cooling season), distribution of larvae is limited in the northern area of Hiroshima Bay. These results are corresponding to the field observation results. In the Seto Inland Sea, it is said that there is spawning time of the clam twice a year (spring and autumn). However, in a recent Hiroshima Bay, the density of the larva in spring is very low than that in autumn. These facts suggest that the production of the clam is limited in the northern area of Hiroshima Bay because the density of the larva is low in spring when the larvae can extend to the south.
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Takahashi, Satoru, Satoru Takahashi, Masami Hamaguchi e Masami Hamaguchi. "SEASONAL VARIATION OF TRANSPORTATION OF ASARI CLAM, RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM, LARVAE IN HIROSHIMA BAY". In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b937f57cd63.62615734.

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Hiroshima Bay is located in western part of the Seto Inland Sea, and there is high productivity of Asari clam. However, the landings amount of the clam was rapidly decreased and production areas came to be limited in the northern part (bay head). Here, the clam has the planktonic larval stage. Then, it is important to reveal the transportation process of larvae to clarify the habitat connectivity of the clam. Therefore, in this study, we try to clarify the transportation process of the clam larvae in the Hiroshima Bay by numerical model experiments. As a result of model experiments, in June (rainy and heating season), the larvae are transported to southward in western area of Hiroshima Bay. In November (dry and cooling season), distribution of larvae is limited in the northern area of Hiroshima Bay. These results are corresponding to the field observation results. In the Seto Inland Sea, it is said that there is spawning time of the clam twice a year (spring and autumn). However, in a recent Hiroshima Bay, the density of the larva in spring is very low than that in autumn. These facts suggest that the production of the clam is limited in the northern area of Hiroshima Bay because the density of the larva is low in spring when the larvae can extend to the south.
6

Narayanamurti, V. "Frontiers in Nanoscience and Technology in the 21st Century and New Models for Research and Education at the Intersection of Basic Research and Technology". In ASME 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2006-96012.

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Over the last 50 years, solid state physics and technology have blossomed through the application of modern quantum mechanics to the real world. The intimate relationship between basic research and application has been highlighted ever since the invention of the transistor in 1947, the laser in 1958 and the subsequent spawning of the computer and communications revolution which has so changed our lives. The awarding of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics to Alferov, Kroemer and Kilby is another important recognition of the unique interplay between basic science and technology. Such advances and discoveries were made in major industrial research laboratories — Bell Labs, IBM, RCA and others. Today many of these industrial laboratories are in decline due to changes in the regulatory environment and global economic competition. In this talk I will examine some of the frontiers in technology and emerging policy issues. My talk will be colored by my own experiences at Bell Labs and subsequently at a major U.S. national laboratory (Sandia) and at universities (University of California at Santa Barbara and Harvard). I will draw on experiences from my role as the Chair of the National Research Council (NRC) panel on the Future of Condensed Matter and Materials Physics (1999) and as a reviewer of the 2001 NRC report, Physics in a New Era. The growth rates of silicon and optical technologies will ultimately flatten as physical and economic limits are reached. If history is any guide, entirely new technologies will be created. Current research in nanoscience and nanotechnology is already leading to new relationships between fields as diverse as chemistry, biology, applied physics, electrical and mechanical engineering. Materials science is becoming even more interdisciplinary than in the past. Different fields of engineering are coming together. The interfaces between engineering and biology are emerging as another frontier. I will spend some time in exploring the frontier where quantum mechanics intersects the real world and the special role played by designer materials and new imaging tools to explore this emerging frontier. To position ourselves for the future, we therefore must find new ways of breaking disciplinary boundaries in academia. The focus provided by applications and the role of interdisciplinary research centers will be examined. Strangely, the reductionist approach inherent in nanoscience must be connected with the world of complex systems. Integrative approaches to science and technology will become more the norm in fields such as systems biology, soft condensed matter and other complex systems. Just like in nature, can we learn to adapt some of the great successes of industrial research laboratories to a university setting? I will take examples from materials science to delineate the roles of different entities so that a true pluralistic approach for science and technology can be facilitated to create the next revolution in our field.

Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Spawning time":

1

Bekova, Radoslava, Galerida Raikova-Petrova e Bogdan Prodanov. Maturity, Sex Ratio and Spawning Time of Liza aurata Risso, 1810 and Liza saliens Risso, 1810 (Mugilidae) from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, julho de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.07.09.

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