Artigos de revistas: "Standardization environent"

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이건봉. "External Environments and Standardization". International Commerce and Information Review 16, n.º 2 (março de 2014): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.16.2.201403.69.

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Lam, David M., Ronald K. Poropatich e Gary R. Gilbert. "Telemedicine Standardization in the NATO Environment". Telemedicine Journal and e-Health 10, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2004): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2004.10.459.

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Pati, Debajyoti, Carolyn Cason, Thomas E. Harvey, Jennie Evans e Andrea M. Erwin. "The Biomechanics of Patient Room Standardization". HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 5, n.º 2 (janeiro de 2012): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193758671200500204.

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Background: The prevailing focus on cognitive load reduction in healthcare environment standardization excludes a domain of healthcare delivery that could contribute significantly to safety and efficiency through standardization, but it has escaped discussion in the context of the biomechanics of care delivery. Inappropriate biomechanics not only can harm caregivers but compromise care delivery. Little, however, is known regarding the biomechanics of patient care and the way it interacts with the configurational issues typically targeted in healthcare environment standardization. Objectives: Examine the types of potentially harmful or stressful actions exhibited by nurses during patient care delivery in an acute medical/surgical setting. Examine the sources influencing unsafe actions. Method: Twenty nurses provided three types of simulated care in an experimental setting involving nine care configurations that were systematically manipulated. A kinesiology expert coded 80 simulation segments representing two types of task and two levels of environmental challenge to identify potentially stressful and harmful actions. Exploratory and regression analyses were conducted on the data. Results: Analysis suggests that a considerable proportion of potentially harmful and stressful actions are associated with the design of the physical elements as opposed to the configurational factors typically addressed in standardization. Both of these factors interact to produce work-arounds that result in unsafe actions. Conclusion: The standardization of healthcare environments needs a larger framework to address both cognitive lapses and the biomechanics of care delivery.

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Rigault, M., V. Brinnel, G. Aldering, P. Antilogus, C. Aragon, S. Bailey, C. Baltay et al. "Strong dependence of Type Ia supernova standardization on the local specific star formation rate". Astronomy & Astrophysics 644 (dezembro de 2020): A176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201730404.

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As part of an on-going effort to identify, understand and correct for astrophysics biases in the standardization of Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) for cosmology, we have statistically classified a large sample of nearby SNe Ia into those that are located in predominantly younger or older environments. This classification is based on the specific star formation rate measured within a projected distance of 1 kpc from each SN location (LsSFR). This is an important refinement compared to using the local star formation rate directly, as it provides a normalization for relative numbers of available SN progenitors and is more robust against extinction by dust. We find that the SNe Ia in predominantly younger environments are ΔY = 0.163 ± 0.029 mag (5.7σ) fainter than those in predominantly older environments after conventional light-curve standardization. This is the strongest standardized SN Ia brightness systematic connected to the host-galaxy environment measured to date. The well-established step in standardized brightnesses between SNe Ia in hosts with lower or higher total stellar masses is smaller, at ΔM = 0.119 ± 0.032 mag (4.5σ), for the same set of SNe Ia. When fit simultaneously, the environment-age offset remains very significant, with ΔY = 0.129 ± 0.032 mag (4.0σ), while the global stellar mass step is reduced to ΔM = 0.064 ± 0.029 mag (2.2σ). Thus, approximately 70% of the variance from the stellar mass step is due to an underlying dependence on environment-based progenitor age. Also, we verify that using the local star formation rate alone is not as powerful as LsSFR at sorting SNe Ia into brighter and fainter subsets. Standardization that only uses the SNe Ia in younger environments reduces the total dispersion from 0.142 ± 0.008 mag to 0.120 ± 0.010 mag. We show that as environment-ages evolve with redshift, a strong bias, especially on the measurement of the derivative of the dark energy equation of state, can develop. Fortunately, data that measure and correct for this effect using our local specific star formation rate indicator, are likely to be available for many next-generation SN Ia cosmology experiments.

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Slesarev, Mikhail, e Nguyen Dinh Dap. "“Green” standards will ensure safe living environment". MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 04022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819604022.

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The paper introduces the concept of “green” standardization of living environment technologies and “green” innovative products to shape the most likely transition to a new nature-like technological paradigm, which will replace the existing energy-consuming equipment and technology paradigm leading to global ecological collapse in the future. “Green” standardization of the future is necessary to assess compliance and to examine safety and nature-likeness of the newest technologies being developed from among promising breakthrough technologies and to assess compliance of “innovative” products with the requirements of bio-positivity, comfort and safety.

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Beke, Jenő. "International Accounting Standardization in the Changing Economic Environment". Gazdaság és Társadalom 2012, Különszám (2012): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21637/gt.2012.00.07.

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Abseitov, E. T., e N. M. Dzhumadilova. "The role of standardization in safety the environment". Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Technical Science and Technology Series 124, n.º 3 (2018): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2018-124-3-15-19.

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Benuzh, Andrey, e Ekaterina Orenburova. "Standardization of green building technologies for environment design". MATEC Web of Conferences 86 (2016): 05014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20168605014.

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Joslin, C., T. Di Giacomo e N. Magnenat-Thalmann. "Collaborative virtual environments: from birth to standardization". IEEE Communications Magazine 42, n.º 4 (abril de 2004): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2004.1284925.

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Bosk, Emily A. "Iron Cage or Paper Cage? The Interplay of Worker Characteristics and Organizational Policy in Shaping Unequal Responses to a Standardized Decision-Making Tool". Social Problems 67, n.º 4 (11 de setembro de 2019): 654–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spz028.

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Abstract Studies are largely optimistic about the ability of standardized procedures to constrain decision-makers’ biases and produce more equitable results across fields. However, work that embraces standardization as an equalizing force stands in contrast to research on standardization and street-level bureaucrats, which asserts that standardized procedures are not self-actuating and cannot be understood apart from the environments in which they are used. I examine how frontline workers vary in their approach to an actuarial-based tool intended to standardize judgments. In a highly controlled decision-making environment, child welfare workers whose racial and sex characteristics afford them higher status report subverting the tool; conversely, workers in the same position whose ascriptive characteristics yield them lower status in terms of race and sex describe following the rules. In an environment where the same tool is adopted only ceremonially, all workers experience decision-making as unconstrained, regardless of their ascriptive characteristics. This work fills gaps in knowledge about how social status and organizational context intersect to affect rule abidance. Examining these dynamic relationships advances understanding of how organizations reproduce inequality and the limits and potential for standardization to transform social hierarchies.

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Baporikar, Neeta. "Holistic Perspective of Standardization Strategies". International Journal of Applied Management Sciences and Engineering 2, n.º 2 (julho de 2015): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamse.2015070104.

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Industry has become increasingly interested in assessing its economic efficiency, and thus is more interested in the role of standardization. Standardization is a premise of international communication improvement and the information transfer increase directly connected with the results of technological development. Standardization represents a way to confer superior value to product through price, quality, and distribution. Standardization brings confidence to consumer regarding certain producer's offer. Globalization has dramatically changed the international business environment. Systematic and reliable results can only be attained on a common basis. Since there is greater pressure on industry to rationalize, the costs and benefits of standardization must be examined from both economic and strategic viewpoint. This paper through grounded theory approach aims to analyze not only the economic benefits to the various stakeholders but also develop a holistic perspective of standardization strategies in the current environment.

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Nizam Akbar, Anis Rosniza, Mohamamd Fadhil Mohammad, Norizan Ahmad e Myasarah Maisyam. "Standardization in Construction Environment: Adopting standard method of measurements". Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, n.º 12 (19 de julho de 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i12.131.

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This paper prepared to investigate the current industry issues which are currently surrounding the application of current Malaysian Standard Method of Measurement (SMM) as a single standard system of measurement. An exploratory semi structured interview approach was conducted among the selected end-users. There are few important key points highlighted by the industry, which can be used as a guideline to be implemented in transforming the current Malaysian SMMs. The outcome of this paper expected to be used as a supporting data to be carried along to the next level of the main research, which aims to develop a more accepted and practical SMM for construction works in Malaysia.Keywords: Standardization; bill of quantities (BQ); contract document; standard method of measurement (SMM)eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

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Cho, Eunsoon, e Sung Lee. "Standardization factors in e-Learning environment for quality enhancement". Journal of Educational Technology 20, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2004): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17232/kset.20.2.3.

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GAO, Jie, XiaoPing WANG, HaiYan XU e Tao WEN. "Progress on nanotechnology standardization in health,safety and environment". SCIENTIA SINICA Vitae 50, n.º 7 (26 de abril de 2020): 766–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/ssv-2019-0295.

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Csebfalvi, Gyorgy. "Hungarian Accounting Standardization Effects". International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 2, n.º 1 (5 de julho de 2012): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v2i1.1457.

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Nowadays, especially during the current global financial crisis, companies in Hungary are striving desperately to remain competitive and achieve sustainable levels of economic development. The highly competitive environment requires companies to create a clear business strategy, and accounting has to be part of this strategy since it helps individual enterprises to achieve their strategic objectives. International accounting standards are new global methods for business information systems and they are able to harmonize financial regimes both in Hungary and world-wide. The increased globalization of markets, the complexity of commercial trading and the concentration of business in global competition have led to a still greater need for international accounting harmonization. It is expected that a unified, standardized accounting information system will lead to new types of analysis and data – with the possible integration of new indicators used in the business practice of certain countries as an additional benefit.The purpose of this study was to measure the differences between national (Hungarian)l rules and the international standards, evaluating and analyzing their effects on the business environment. The financial data are taken from accounts published on the Budapest Stock Exchange and in the Hungarian Business Information database. The results show that those businesses which have adopted international standards achieved higher and statistically significant positive coefficients than those following local accounting rules. We found that larger firms (those with more leverage, higher market capitalization and substantial foreign sales) were more likely to have adopted international accounting standards.

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Muñoz, E., P. G. Vidal, G. Nofuentes, L. Hontoria, P. Pérez-Higueras, J. Terrados, G. Almonacid e J. Aguilera. "CPV standardization: An overview". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2010): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.030.

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ARAI, Eiji. "Special Issue on Environment for FA Software Development. Standardization of FA Software Environment." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 58, n.º 10 (1992): 1656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.58.1656.

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Romero Forteza, Francesca, e María Luisa Carrió Pastor. "Virtual language learning environments: the standardization of evaluation". Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences 1, n.º 1 (24 de março de 2014): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/muse.2014.2199.

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Kim, Hyoung‐Jun, Ki‐Shik Park, Byoung‐Moon Chin e Chee‐Hang Park. "Virtual Standards Development Environments for Concurrent Standardization Process". ETRI Journal 21, n.º 1 (março de 1999): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4218/etrij.99.0199.0104.

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Slesarev, Mikhail, e Valery Telichenko. "PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR "GREEN" STANDARDIZATION". International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 16, n.º 4 (28 de dezembro de 2020): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2020-16-4-92-102.

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Standards of the profile "Methods and means of creating, maintaining and developing Informatization", the main principles and directions of "green" standardization are developed. These provisions include: the main directions for creating a regulatory framework for Informatization of green standardization and the main directions for creating regulatory support for information technologies of "green" standardization, which determine the directions of work in creating an information environment for "green" standardization.

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Chină, Remus. "Abordări pragmatice în educația modernă: Educația despre standardizare". Studia Doctoralia 5, n.º 1-2 (27 de setembro de 2018): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47040/sd/sdpsych.v5i1-2.42.

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In recent years there were in educational environments, intense debates on two major topics and trends related to standards and standardization: standardization in education and education about standardization. These trends were enabled, in our view, by the accelerated pace of implementation in everyday life of scientific and technical discoveries as well as by the higher development rate of economic and business environments in respect to the educational environments. Another reason for the development of these trends is the need for a more efficient correlation between the labor market needs and the offer of educational environments.

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Chină, Remus. "Abordări pragmatice în educația modernă: Educația despre standardizare". Studia Doctoralia 5, n.º 1-2 (27 de setembro de 2018): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47040/sd0000031.

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In recent years there were in educational environments, intense debates on two major topics and trends related to standards and standardization: standardization in education and education about standardization. These trends were enabled, in our view, by the accelerated pace of implementation in everyday life of scientific and technical discoveries as well as by the higher development rate of economic and business environments in respect to the educational environments. Another reason for the development of these trends is the need for a more efficient correlation between the labor market needs and the offer of educational environments.

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DEDIC, Velimir, Marko RANKOVIC, Svetlana ANDELIC e Branislav MITIC. "E-EDUCATION IN ACADEMIC ENVIRONMENT". Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series 19, n.º 4 (8 de dezembro de 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1942.

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This paper discusses the major features of e-learning systems used by higher education institutions. A short historical overview provides the necessary perspectives and introduces the subjects of distance learning and e-learning. Major system features are further analyzed and concepts of content personalization and system standardization are given as technical constructs. Elements of further possibilities are displayed at the conclusion of this paper.

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Kozlova, E. I. "INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS AS AN INDICATOR OF LIBRARY ENVIRONMENT TRANSFORMATION". Proceedings of SPSTL SB RAS, n.º 2 (12 de dezembro de 2019): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2019-2-24-28.

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In the international standardization on the direction “documentation and informatics”, including librarianship, an active process of revising standards in force is taking place. In the renovated wordings of international standards, tendencies of document environment evolution reflect themselves through description of partnership modes between libraries and partner organizations, means of supplying users with information products and services. The main trend of international standardization is the revision of outdate standards and the inclusion of objects descriptions and technologies of the electronic environment, renovation of standards in force, development of new documents for innovative directions of library activities – that is what the article is aimed at.

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Suhanek, Mia, e Ivan Đurek. "Implementation of Bipolar Adjective Pairs in Analysis of Urban Acoustic Environments". PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 28, n.º 5 (26 de outubro de 2016): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v28i5.2089.

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Four different acoustic environments with different loudness levels and spectral distributions were recorded and reproduced to two groups of listeners - control group and experimental group. The questionnaire used in this research relies on the semantic differential method implemented by defining adjective pairs of opposite meaning where each pair describes a sound characteristic for a particular acoustic environment. In analyzing the results, psychological research methodology was used in order to determine statistically significant bipolar adjectives that can appropriately evaluate some given acoustic environment and thus serve as a starting point for a questionnaire and methodology standardization in soundscape research.

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Akbar, Anis Rosniza Nizam, Mohamamd Fadhil Mohammad, Norizan Ahmad e Myasarah Maisyam. "Adopting Standardization in Construction Environment: Standard Method of Measurement (SMMs)". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 170 (janeiro de 2015): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.013.

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SUZUKI, Hiroshi. "Precision Engineering for Multimedia Environment. Standardization Activities of ATM LAN." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 62, n.º 2 (1996): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.62.176.

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Nekoufar, Saviz. "Standardization of large scale industrial project in multi projects environment". International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management 6, n.º 4 (janeiro de 2011): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17509653.2011.10671171.

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Sustar, Boris. "Characteristics of the Product Standardization/Adaptation in the International Environment". Marketing Review 4, n.º 1 (1 de fevereiro de 2004): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/146934704323086965.

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Brevan, J. "Aircraft Gunfire Vibration: Standardization and Experience". Journal of the IEST 31, n.º 4 (1 de julho de 1988): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.31.4.t1n555207265542j.

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For much of the equipment mounted on a fighter aircraft, the vibration level during gunfire is high enough above vibration due to other situations, so that, in spite of its short duration, it dominates the vibration qualification specs. It is desirable to include a simple yet reliable gunfire vibration prediction technique in the appropriate environment standards, because the relevant measured data are seldom available in the early stages of development of a new aircraft. This article describes a study on gunfire vibration prediction performed during the buildup of the aeronautical application guide of the new French military environment standard, GAM EG 13B/Air 7306. The prediction technique of MIL-STD-810D (Method 519.3) is compared in detail with previous MIL-STD-810C (Method 519.2), and the underlying concepts are checked against various measured data. Comparisons are made with gunfire vibration measurements performed on a French fighter. The findings of this study were used to elaborate the GAM EG 13B/Air 7306 gunfire vibration prediction method presented here.

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이건봉. "External Environments and Standardization - The Role of Organizational Collaboration -". E-Business Studies 16, n.º 5 (outubro de 2015): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15719/geba.16.5.201510.165.

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Magal-Royo, Teresa, e Jesus Garcia-Laborda. "Standardization of Design Interfaces Applied to Language Test on-line through Ubiquitous Devices". International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 12, n.º 4 (30 de agosto de 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v12i4.9197.

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Normalization of design rules and guidelines in English language tests to help future instructors and assessment developers in the field of examination of English as a foreign language. have not been defined sufficiently until present daysIn fact, there are several experiences and investigations related to the user’s experiences in the handling of computer exams for learning a second language that have been evaluated in, for and through different experimental interactive digital environments.These interactive scenarios oriented to the user experience, UX in the ubiquitous devices, have allowed to learn technological, functional and design aspects that will be necessary in the future to establish the standards in design and vision for language tests in its online environment.The lack of effective and realistic regulations has become a functional requirement for the progress of research on digital environments adapted to the needs of competence assessment and more specifically, to the learning environment of second language (L2).Proliferation of on-line tests of language certification of ls with a structural corpus depends on where there are not really functional and formal guidelines that allow evaluating their quality and adequacy from the experience of the user and according to the level of learning competences acquired in a second language.This article describes aspects of design that should be taken into account when defining an online test of languages in a ubiquitous device that will mark verifiable guidelines of a general nature and affect the evaluation task in the formation of languages that need to be checked and evaluated periodically.

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Ramalingam, Chithambaramani, e Prakash Mohan. "Addressing Semantics Standards for Cloud Portability and Interoperability in Multi Cloud Environment". Symmetry 13, n.º 2 (14 de fevereiro de 2021): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13020317.

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The increasing demand for cloud computing has shifted business toward a huge demand for cloud services, which offer platform, software, and infrastructure for the day-to-day use of cloud consumers. Numerous new cloud service providers have been introduced to the market with unique features that assist service developers collaborate and migrate services among multiple cloud service providers to address the varying requirements of cloud consumers. Many interfaces and proprietary application programming interfaces (API) are available for migration and collaboration services among cloud providers, but lack standardization efforts. The target of the research work was to summarize the issues involved in semantic cloud portability and interoperability in the multi-cloud environment and define the standardization effort imminently needed for migrating and collaborating services in the multi-cloud environment.

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Krigsvoll, Guri, Marina Fumo e Renata Morbiducci. "National and International Standardization (International Organization for Standardization and European Committee for Standardization) Relevant for Sustainability in Construction". Sustainability 2, n.º 12 (20 de dezembro de 2010): 3777–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su2123777.

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del Blanco, Ángel, Javier Torrente, Pablo Moreno-Ger e Baltasar Fernández-Manjón. "Integrating Adaptive Games in Student-Centered Virtual Learning Environments". International Journal of Distance Education Technologies 8, n.º 3 (julho de 2010): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdet.2010070101.

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The increasing adoption of e-Learning technology is facing new challenges, such as how to produce student-centered systems that can be adapted to each student’s needs. In this context, educational video games are proposed as an ideal medium to facilitate adaptation and tracking of students’ performance for assessment purposes, but integrating the games in the educational flow presents technical and practical challenges. Moreover, their eventual integration should be accomplished according to the current standardization trends in e-Learning to simplify general adoption. Barriers still exist between the gaming and e-Learning communities, preventing their mutual interaction. In this work, the authors present a middle-ware to bridge this gap, integrating adaptive educational video games in e-Learning environments with a special focus on the ongoing standardization efforts.

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Jang Ho-Hyun. "Study for Work Process Standardization due to Digital Design Environment Change". Journal of Korea Design Knowledge ll, n.º 14 (junho de 2010): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17246/jkdk.2010..14.003.

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Telichenko, V. I., e M. Y. Slesarev. "“GREEN” STANDARDIZATION OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR FORMING THE NATURE-FRIENDLY LIVING ENVIRONMENT". Vestnik MGSU, n.º 5 (maio de 2018): 558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2018.5.558-567.

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Liu, Zhao Hui. "Study of FIDIC Condition in Innovative Engineering Environment". Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (janeiro de 2014): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.531.

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The FIDIC Condition has been widely applied in the international engineering. The practice applying in foreign-invested projects in China indicates it can speed up the process of standardization of construction project management and improve the level of construction project management. However, because of constraints of various factors, the application of the FIDIC Conditions is limited in China. This paper describes the questions of application and the measures to be taken currently.

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Weaver, John. "A Design for Combining Biological and Semiconductor Cleanrooms for Nanotechnology Research". Journal of the IEST 48, n.º 1 (1 de setembro de 2005): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.48.1.u511tw1843710824.

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Nanotechnology brings together various functional areas for interdisciplinary research, making it necessary for them to reside in a single facility. The conjoining of biology, biomedical engineering, and bio-nano-micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) with semiconductor and MEMS processing requires that these technologies coexist in ultraclean facilities, while the facility designs and operating practices are incompatible. This case study describes a design concept in a collaborative research environment that meets biocleanliness goals and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Class 4 particle concentrations (as defined in ISO 14644-1, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments—Part 1: Classification of air cleanliness).

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Venaik, Sunil, e David F. Midgley. "Archetypes of marketing mix standardization-adaptation in MNC subsidiaries". European Journal of Marketing 53, n.º 2 (11 de fevereiro de 2019): 366–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-11-2017-0861.

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Purpose This paper aims to identify the archetypes of marketing mix standardization-adaptation in MNC subsidiaries and to examine the relationships between MNC subsidiary strategy, environment and performance through the theoretical lenses of fit and equifinality. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a mail survey to collect data from MNC subsidiary business units located in multiple countries. They apply a novel archetypal analysis method to identify the diverse archetypes of marketing mix standardization-adaptation in MNC subsidiaries. Finally, through cross-tabulation and regression analysis, they examine the relationships between MNC strategy, environment and performance. Findings They identify four archetypes of MNC subsidiary standardization-adaptation including a new archetype that is not recognized in the literature. This analysis finds partial support for both fit and equifinality, suggesting complementarity between the two theories. Research limitations/implications The study could be extended with longitudinal data to examine the dynamics in MNC marketing mix strategy and performance in response to the changing business environment. Practical implications The findings suggest that MNC subsidiary managers could deploy a broader set of international marketing strategy configurations than those currently prescribed to enhance performance. Originality/value The authors use a novel configuration-based archetypal analysis method and extend the theoretical typology of international marketing strategies pursued by MNC subsidiaries. The partial support for both fit and equifinality expands the theoretical lens through which we can examine the relationships between MNC marketing strategy, environment and performance.

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Kozlova, E. I., e V. A. Tsvetkova. "Terminology aspects in standardization in the area of library and information activities". Scientific and Technical Libraries, n.º 3 (24 de março de 2020): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2020-3-11-22.

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The article focuses on the terminology standard development in the library and information environment. The establishing of terms proceeds under the influence of two trends: borrowing the concepts of regular language (usus) and standardization of terminology. The need to develop linguistic standards for the innovative areas has enhanced activity in the field of standardization and provided the revision and development of some new standards in the librarianship. The pecularity of standardization of the national terminology lies in the principles of standardization, which only allow the use of sustainable lexical units. The following selection criteria for terminological units are used when developing national standards: inambiguity, productivity, linguistic accurateness (originality and use of words of the native language), frequency of term use in the subject area and related fields of knowledge. The selection of lexical units and their interpretation should be focused on the actual characteristics of the subject area. A significant feature of modern standardization in the librarianship is the use of relational terminology from the information technology.

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van de Kaa, Geerten, Lieke van den Eijnden e Neelke Doorn. "Filtering Out Standard Success Criteria in the Case of Multi-Mode Standardization: Responsible Waste Water Treatment". Sustainability 12, n.º 4 (22 de fevereiro de 2020): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041641.

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Standardization can be achieved in multiple ways; firms may join forces and develop standards in standardization committees, they may compete directly on the market in standards battles, or governmental agencies may impose standards. This paper studies criteria for the selection of standards in a situation in which these three forms of standardization occur simultaneously (multi-mode standardization). The paper attempts to arrive at weights for these criteria by applying them to the case of phosphorus recovery from municipal waste water, a technological process that fits the transition to a circular economy but that is still lacking standardization. A contribution is made to the standardization literature by empirically studying the case of multi-mode standardization and by applying standard success criteria to the area of water treatment.

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Lulli, Filippo, Claudia de Bertoldi, Roberto Armeni, Lorenzo Guglielminetti e Marco Volterrani. "Warm-season Turfgrass Species Generate Sports Surfaces with Different Playability". HortTechnology 24, n.º 6 (dezembro de 2014): 749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.6.749.

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Synthetic sports surfaces are increasingly subject to standardization of athlete-surface and ball-surface interactions (playability parameters). Such standardizations have led to an increase in the level of the engineering and predictability of these surfaces, and as such may be beneficial also for natural turf. In warm and temperate climates, many natural turf sports surfaces are established with warm-season (C4) turfgrass species due to their suitability to the environment in such areas. This study was aimed at evaluating the Féderation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)-standard playing characteristics of different sports turf surfaces obtained from three commonly used C4 turfgrass species: 1) ‘Tifway 419’ hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon × C. transvaalensis), 2) ‘Zeon’ manilagrass (Zoysia matrella), and 3) ‘Salam’ seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) for factors concerning leaf tissue (silica, lignin, water content) and canopy structure (shoot density, leaf architecture, stolon density, etc.). Results showed that surfaces of different C4 turfgrass species generate different playability parameters, with seashore paspalum being a harder faster surface, manilagrass being a softer slower surface, and hybrid bermudagrass showing intermediate characteristics. These playing quality results were associated with certain specific canopy biometrical/morphological parameters such as shoot density, horizontal stem density (HSD), leaf section, and, to a lesser extent, to certain plant tissue compounds (lignin, silica).

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Myers, Karen, Jake Kolojejchic, Carl Angiolillo, Tim Cummings, Tom Garvey, Matt Gaston, Melinda Gervasio et al. "Learning by Demonstration for a Collaborative Planning Environment". AI Magazine 33, n.º 2 (16 de março de 2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v33i2.2409.

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Learning by demonstration technology has long held the promise to empower non-programmers to customize and extend software. We describe the deployment of a learning by demonstration capability to support user creation of automated procedures in a collaborative planning environment that is used widely by the U.S. Army. This technology, which has been in operational use since the summer of 2010, has helped to reduce user workloads by automating repetitive and time-consuming tasks. The technology has also provided the unexpected benefit of enabling standardization of products and processes.

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Chou, Li-Fang, Chun-Jung Tseng, Chin-Kang Jen e Ming-Yen Lee. "Effect of Creative Environment and Standardization of Processes on Team Member's Creativity". Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2013): 11337. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.11337abstract.

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Shraifin, Ahmad A., e Nedal k. Shraifin. "Standardization of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised Instrument for the Jordanian Environment". Journal of Educational & Psychological Sciences 13, n.º 03 (3 de setembro de 2012): 307–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/jeps/130311.

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Christmann, P. "MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT: DETERMINANTS OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY STANDARDIZATION." Academy of Management Journal 47, n.º 5 (1 de outubro de 2004): 747–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20159616.

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Gilkerson, Jill, Jeffrey A. Richards, Steven F. Warren, Judith K. Montgomery, Charles R. Greenwood, D. Kimbrough Oller, John H. L. Hansen e Terrance D. Paul. "Mapping the Early Language Environment Using All-Day Recordings and Automated Analysis". American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 26, n.º 2 (17 de maio de 2017): 248–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_ajslp-15-0169.

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Purpose This research provided a first-generation standardization of automated language environment estimates, validated these estimates against standard language assessments, and extended on previous research reporting language behavior differences across socioeconomic groups. Method Typically developing children between 2 to 48 months of age completed monthly, daylong recordings in their natural language environments over a span of approximately 6–38 months. The resulting data set contained 3,213 12-hr recordings automatically analyzed by using the Language Environment Analysis (LENA) System to generate estimates of (a) the number of adult words in the child's environment, (b) the amount of caregiver–child interaction, and (c) the frequency of child vocal output. Results Child vocalization frequency and turn-taking increased with age, whereas adult word counts were age independent after early infancy. Child vocalization and conversational turn estimates predicted 7%–16% of the variance observed in child language assessment scores. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) children produced fewer vocalizations, engaged in fewer adult–child interactions, and were exposed to fewer daily adult words compared with their higher socioeconomic status peers, but within-group variability was high. Conclusions The results offer new insight into the landscape of the early language environment, with clinical implications for identification of children at-risk for impoverished language environments.

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Gudoniene, Daina, Rytis Maskeliunas e Danguole Rutkauskiene. "The Model for Learning Objects Design Based on Semantic Technologies". International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 12, n.º 2 (1 de março de 2017): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2017.2.1628.

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The paper presents a comparison of state of the art methods and techniques on implementation of learning objects (LO) in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT) using semantic web services for e-learning. The web can serve as a perfect technological environment for individualized learning which is often based on interactive learning objects. This allows learners to be uniquely identified, content to be specifically personalized, and, as a result, a learner’s progress can be monitored, supported, and assessed. While a range of technological solutions for the development of integrated e-learning environments already exists, the most appropriate solutions require further improvement on implementation of novel learning objects, unification of standardization and integration of learning environments based on semantic web services (SWS) that are still in the early stages of development. This paper introduces a proprietary architectural model for distributed e-learning environments based on semantic web services (SWS), enabling the implementation of a successive learning process by developing innovative learning objects based on modern learning methods. A successful technical implementation of our approach in the environment of Kaunas University of Technology is further detailed and evaluated.

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Albo, Anton, e Petter Falkman. "A standardization approach to Virtual Commissioning strategies in complex production environments". Procedia Manufacturing 51 (2020): 1251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.10.175.

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