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Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "String models"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 1 de agosto de 2024

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1

García, Pulido Ana Lucía. "Models and string topology." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56787/.

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This thesis concerns the study of string topology, a relatively new branch of algebraic topology. We begin with a survey of the background of string topology. In particular, this includes a summary of the papers [4] by Chas and Sulivan, [15] by Jones and [5] by Cohen and Jones that provide the background for the original work of this thesis. We then proceed to give a new e cient technique to do systematic computations of the full structure of the string topology for a large family of manifolds. For this, we rst use the results of Jones [15] and Cohen and Jones [5] to reduce the problem to calc

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2

Godazgar, Mohammad Hadi. "Dualities in string theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610466.

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3

Lambert, Neil. "Massive sigma models and string solitons." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627529.

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4

Boyce, Michael M. (Michael MacField) Carleton University Dissertation Physics. "String inspired QCD and E6 models." Ottawa, 1996.

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5

Bianchi, Lorenzo. "Perturbation theory for string sigma models." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17439.

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In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir Quanten-Aspekte des Green-Schwarz Superstrings in verschiedenen AdS-Hintergründen, die für die AdS/CFT Korrespondenz von Bedeutung sind, und geben einige Beispiele für perturbative Rechnungen in den entsprechenden integrablen Sigma-Modellen. Wir beginnen mit einer detaillierten Darstellung der Konstruktion der Wirkung des Typ-IIB-Superstrings auf dem AdS5 x S5-Hintergrund, die durch eine Supercoset-Sigma-Modell definiert wird, und zeigen die Grenzen dieser Herangehensweise für Hintergründe auf, die in niedrig-dimensionalen Beispielen der Eich/Gravitations-Duali

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6

Bernardo, Heliudson de Oliveira. "Cosmological models from string theory setups /." São Paulo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183612.

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Orientador: Horatiu Nastase<br>Resumo: Nesta tese, discutimos três modelos cosmológicos que são baseados direta ou indiretamente em ideias advindas de teoria das cordas. Depois de uma revisão geral de cosmologia em teoria das cordas, um resumo de cosmologia e teoria das cordas é apresentado, com ênfase nos conceitos fundamentais e teóricos. Então descrevemos como o acoplamento camaleônico pode potencialmente afetar as predições de inflação cósmica com campo único, com tratamento cuidadoso dos modos de perturbação cosmológica adiabáticos e de entropia. Além disso uma nova abordagem para a duali

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7

Keyserlingk, Curt William Von. "String-net models in condensed matter systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669743.

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8

Berndsen, Aaron. "String theoretic models of the early universe." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18674.

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This thesis comprises several manuscripts, each exploring aspects of the dynamics of the early Universe. The foundations of the work presented lies in the realm of cosmology, but draws heavily on string theory as a source of guidance. The thesis commences with a motivation for the research and provides an introduction to the contemporary views of Cosmology: following a historical perspective of cosmology, we motivate the inflationary paradigm of Big Bang Cosmology, and introduce several world-views promoted by string theory. The string-motivated models will address shortcomings of cosmologies

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9

Panvel, Jal. "Exact string backgrounds and gauged WZW models." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241464.

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10

Stepanchuk, Andrej. "Aspects of integrability in string sigma-models." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/28904.

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The recent success in applying integrability-based methods to study examples of gauge/gravity dualities in highly (super)symmetric settings motivates the question of whether such methods can be carried over to more physical and less symmetric cases. In this thesis we consider two such examples of string sigma-models, which interpolate between integrable or solvable limits. First we consider classical string motion on curved p-brane backgrounds for which the sigma-model interpolates between the integrable flat space and AdS(k)xS(k) coset or WZW sigma-models. We find that while the equations for

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11

Macorra, Axel de la. "Supersymmetry breaking in 4D string theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0bc6b606-1a02-4d28-b68f-bd5c3ac11d04.

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In this thesis we address the problem of supersymmetry breaking in four dimensional string theory. We derive an effective Lagrangian describing the low energy degrees of freedom including the Goldstone mode associated with the spontaneously broken R-symmetry when a gaugino condensate forms. We show the equivalence between our approach and those previously used for studying gaugino condensate in 4D string theory but we also show the need to include quantum effects due to the strong coupling constant in the hidden sector. We determine the vacuum structure of the complete scalar potential and sho

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12

Witkowski, Lukas Thomas. "Sequestering of Kähler moduli in type IIB string theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6f5c8a99-26ca-401b-ad42-7bd3bf873f80.

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In this thesis we employ string perturbation theory in toroidal orbifold models to study aspects of supersymmetry breaking in type IIB string theory. First, we determine the dependence of physical Yukawa couplings on blow-up moduli in models with D3-branes at orbifold singularities. Blow-up moduli are scalar fields describing the size of small blow-up cycles in the compactification geometry. In models implementing moduli stabilisation these fields can acquire F-terms and break supersymmetry. We examine the moduli-dependence of physical Yukawa couplings at string tree-level by computing disk co

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13

Shaikh, Zain U. "Some mathematical structures arising in string theory." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158375.

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This thesis is concerned with mathematical interpretations of some recent develop- ments in string theory. All theories are considered before quantisation. The rst half of the thesis investigates a large class of Lagrangians, L, that arise in the physics literature. Noether's famous theorem says that under certain conditions there is a bijective correspondence between the symmetries of L and the \conserved currents" or integrals of motion. The space of integrals of motion form a sheaf and has a bilinear bracket operation. We show that there is a canonical sheaf d1;0 J1( ) that contains a repre

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14

Rayner, David Andrew James. "Type I string phenomenology and extra dimensional models." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249946.

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15

Mohammedi, N. "Non-linear sigma models and string effective actions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383437.

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16

Constantin, Andrei. "Heterotic string models on smooth Calabi-Yau threefolds." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:30be3aee-ba9b-4417-9b00-ee26a6bd67c5.

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This thesis contributes with a number of topics to the subject of string compactifications, especially in the instance of the E<sub>8</sub> × E<sub>8</sub> heterotic string theory compactified on smooth Calabi-Yau threefolds. In the first half of the work, I discuss the Hodge plot associated with Calabi-Yau threefolds that are hypersurfaces in toric varieties. The intricate structure of this plot is explained by the existence of certain webs of elliptic-K3 fibrations, whose mirror images are also elliptic-K3 fibrations. Such manifolds arise from reflexive polytopes that can be cut into two par

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17

Elghozi, Thomas André Claude. "Astrophysical and cosmological consequences of string-inspired models." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/astrophysical-and-cosmological-consequences-of-stringinspired-models(da218836-7682-4995-9410-58738236fde3).html.

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The standard model of cosmology, namely the CDM model, is based on Einstein's theory of General Relativity (GR) with a Cold Dark Matter (CDM) content and a positive cosmological constant , in addition to ordinary matter and radiation components. While it provides a paradigm in very good agreement with many observations, from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) to Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), several questions remain open and various theoretical extensions seem necessary in order to address them. An extensively studied ingredient of the CDM model is the inflationary scenario, which solves some

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18

Mehta, Viraf M. "Light U(1)s in heterotic string models." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/14833/.

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We present the construction of heterotic string models built using the free fermionic formulation, and focus on how additional U(1)s may arise. We motivate an anomaly free combination, U(1)_\zeta, as a proton lifetime preserving symmetry external to a left--right symmetric gauge group. This same combination is found to nullify lepton number in U(1)_{B-L} to form a leptophobic combination, also in left--right symmetric models, which we compare to other leptophobic U(1) combinations constructed in the context of different gauge groups. We then accommodate U(1)_\zeta as a proton lifeguard symmetr

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19

Muia, Francesco <1987&gt. "Sequestered String Models: Supersymmetry Breaking and Cosmological Applications." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7274/1/Muia_Francesco_Tesi.pdf.

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In the present thesis I focused on the study of the phenomenology arising from a class of string models called sequestered compactifications, which were born with the aim of getting low-energy SUSY from strings. This is not an easy task if combined with cosmological constraints, since the mechanism of moduli stabilization fixes both the scale of supersymmetric particles and the scale of moduli, which tend to be of the same order. However, if on the one hand supersymmetric particles with TeV mass are desired in order to address the electroweak hierarchy problem, on the other hand the cosmologi

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20

Muia, Francesco <1987&gt. "Sequestered String Models: Supersymmetry Breaking and Cosmological Applications." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7274/.

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In the present thesis I focused on the study of the phenomenology arising from a class of string models called sequestered compactifications, which were born with the aim of getting low-energy SUSY from strings. This is not an easy task if combined with cosmological constraints, since the mechanism of moduli stabilization fixes both the scale of supersymmetric particles and the scale of moduli, which tend to be of the same order. However, if on the one hand supersymmetric particles with TeV mass are desired in order to address the electroweak hierarchy problem, on the other hand the cosmologi

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21

De, Martino Danilo. "String inflationary models with non-monotonic slow-roll and detectable tensor modes." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8391/.

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The first chapter of this work has the aim to provide a brief overview of the history of our Universe, in the context of string theory and considering inflation as its possible application to cosmological problems. We then discuss type IIB string compactifications, introducing the study of the inflaton, a scalar field candidated to describe the inflation theory. The Large Volume Scenario (LVS) is studied in the second chapter paying particular attention to the stabilisation of the Kähler moduli which are four-dimensional gravitationally coupled scalar fields which parameterise the size of the

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22

Anton, Fernando. "Half-string oscillator approach to closed string field theory and superconformal minimal models on the torus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335904.

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23

Ghosh, Rhea. "On intersecting 2-brane solutions in Type IIA supergravity theory /." Connect to online version, 2005. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2005/123.pdf.

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24

Mayes, Van Eric. "Phenomenology of heterotic and type II orientifold string models." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1597.

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25

Cotellucci, Alessandro. "Flavour constraints on sequestered supersymmetry breaking in string models." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21709/.

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The Standard Model (SM) is the best theory which describes Nature at the fundamental level. Even if it provides very accurate predictions, the SM features some open problems. A promising extension of the SM is the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) provided by supersymmetry. The MSSM can provide solutions for some of the open problems of the SM but it can suffer from the flavour supersymmetric problem associated with the presence of large Flavour Changing Neutral Currents (FCNCs). The flavour supersymmetric problem is related to the mechanism which mediates supersymmetry breaking fr

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26

Allen, Robin William. "Topics in non-linear sigma models and string theory." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.232940.

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27

Kagan, David. "Integrability and string theory : σ-models and spin chains". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613236.

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28

Athanasopoulos, P. "Relations in the space of (2,0) heterotic string models." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3003839/.

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Understanding better the landscape of string models and eventually finding, if possible, a dynamical way to select among them is one of the most interesting, open problems in string theory. In this thesis, we investigate aspects of the heterotic landscape and discuss relations among large classes of vacua. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the equivalence between free fermionic models and orbifolds. Free fermionic models and symmetric heterotic toroidal orbifolds both constitute exact backgrounds that can be used effectively for phenomenological explorations within string theory. It i

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29

Matsuo, Yoshinori. "Nonperturbative effects in noncritical string theory and matrix models." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136767.

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30

Sakamoto, Junichi. "Integrable deformations of string sigma models and generalized supergravity." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242599.

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31

Bedoya, Oscar Andrés Bedoya. "Invariância conforme no modelo sigma da corda/." São Paulo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132536.

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Orientador: Nathan Jacob Berkovits<br>Banca: Victor de Oliveira Rivelles<br>Banca: Galen Mihaylov Sotkov<br>Resumo: Será feita uma revisão acerca das simetrias da teoria de corda bosônica e suas anomalias. Este estudo será feito tanto para o caso de cordas movendo-se num espaço-tempo tipo Minkowski, como no caso de cordas acopladas a campos tomando valores no espaço-tempo. Usando teoria de perturbações, será calculada a condição de cancelamento de anomalia a 1-loop. Esta condição estabelecerá vinculos interessantes entre os campos do espaço tempo através de uma equação do tipo da equação de Ei

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32

Barone, Alessandro. "The cosmological moduli problem in multi-field string inflationary models." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18080/.

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The 4D low-energy limit of string compactifications is characterised by the ubiquitous presence of string moduli which are new gravitationally coupled scalar fields which develop mass via supersymmetry breaking effects. During inflation it is generically expected that these fields receive large contributions to their mass of order the Hubble constant. They are therefore shifted from their minimum and after the end of inflation start oscillating around it behaving as non-relativistic matter. Given that matter redshifts slower than radiation, the moduli quickly come to dominate the energy densit

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33

Okada, Takashi. "Matrix Models in String and M-theory and Exact Results." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/175112.

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34

Mota, Luis Antonio C. P. da. "Symmetry breaking and masses in supersymmetric and compactified string models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334814.

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35

Nooij, Sander E. M. "Classification of the chiral Zâ‚‚ x Zâ‚‚ heterotic string models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409178.

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36

Dawson, Peter Dale. "Effective actions and charges of D-branes in curved space-time." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd2727.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 181-190. This thesis firstly investigates K-invariant and supersymmetric actions of D-branes in curved space-time. Following this, research into charges of D-branes in a group manifold are studied. In particular, the charge groups are determined for the symmetry preserving (or untwisted) D-branes on a compact, simple, connected, simply connected group manifold. The purpose of this research is to determine these charge groups in order that they can be compared to the charge groups predicted by twisted K-theory for D-branes in a group manifold, thus providing a future import

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37

Foakes, A. P. "Three loop calculations of #beta#-functions for string associated non-linear sigma models." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234191.

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38

Blair, Christopher David Andrew. "Duality and extended geometry in string theory and M-theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709364.

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39

Jusinskas, Renann Lipinski [UNESP]. "Exploring the properties of the pure spinor b ghost." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123696.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:33:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-07. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:48:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000826754.pdf: 1966505 bytes, checksum: 8923fad36f756ab17c9bb0de6d0871a9 (MD5)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Esta tese é baseada em parte do meu trabalho de doutoramento e tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise detalhada de algumas propriedades recém abordadas do fantasma b composto no formalismo de espinores puros. Primeiramente será feita uma revisão dos formalismos mínimo

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40

Jusinskas, R. L. (Renann Lipinski). "Exploring the properties of the pure spinor b ghost /." São Paulo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123696.

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Orientador: Nathan Jacob Berkovits<br>Banca: Horatiu Nastase<br>Banca: Andrei Mikhailov<br>Banca: Victor de Oliveira Rivelles<br>Banca: Vladimir Perchin<br>Resumo: Esta tese é baseada em parte do meu trabalho de doutoramento e tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise detalhada de algumas propriedades recém abordadas do fantasma b composto no formalismo de espinores puros. Primeiramente será feita uma revisão dos formalismos mínimo e não-mínimo. Em seguida, será apresentada a construção do fantasma b passo a passo, inlcuindo correções quânticas. Por fim, serão estudadas em detalhes suas proprie

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41

Görlich, Lars. "N = 1 and non-supersymmetric open string theories in six and four space-time dimensions." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14978.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit beinhaltet ein einführendes Kapitel über Orbifold-Konstruktionen in dem neben rudimentären Grundlagen bereits speziellere Themen wie Diskrete Torsion und asymmetrische Orbifold-Gruppen behandelt werden. Als Beispiele für Orbifolde werden Kompaktifizierungen auf Tori sowie das asymmetrische T^4/Z(3)^L x Z(3)^R Orbifold behandelt. Danach wird eine allgemein gehaltene Einführung in Orientifolde gegeben, einschließlich des offenen String Sektors samt Chan-Paton Freiheitsgraden. Die darauf folgenden Kapitel 4-7 behandeln von mir durchgeführte Forschungsarbeiten. Kapitel 4

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42

De, Notariis Kevin. "Light hyperweak new gauge bosons from kinetic mixing in string models." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19491/.

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String theory is at the moment our best candidate for a unified quantum theory of gravity, aiming to reconcile all the known (and unknown) interactions with gravity as well as provide insights for currently mysterious phenomena that the Standard Model and the modern Cosmology are not able to explain. In fact, it is believed that most of the problems associated to the Standard Model can indeed be resolved in string theory. Supersymmetry is supposed to be an elegant solution to the Hierarchy problem (even though more and more stringent bounds in this direction are being placed by the fact that w

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43

Wilshin, Simon. "Identifiable branes and their realisation in toy models of string theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534180.

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44

Krippendorf, Sven-Ludwig. "D-brane model building and moduli stabilisation in type IIB string theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609632.

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45

Barnaby, Neil. "Cosmological instabilities." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103365.

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Though historically the word "tachyon" has been used to describe hypothetical particles which propagate faster than the speed of light, in a more modern context the term has been recycled to refer to certain unstable states in field theory. This thesis explores the role of tachyonic instabilities in cosmology considering tachyons which arise in string theory and also more conventional, field theoretic instabilities. Our study of such instabilities is, in part, motivated by attempts to embed inflation into string theory. We will argue that the study of string theory models of inflation is well-

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46

Steinke, Ronald. "The derivation of an effective string theory from a field theory containing vortex solutions, and its application to Regge trajectories /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9804.

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47

Hoyle, Charles D. "Sub-millimeter tests of the gravitational inverse-square law /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9782.

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48

Walton, Mark 1960. "Two scale compactification of the E(8)xE(8) heterotic string." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75346.

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A simple two scale compactification scheme for the E(8) x E(8) heterotic string is studied. The internal space used is a direct product of two compact spaces, each with its own length scale. Compactification on the smaller 4-dimensional (4d) manifold is carried out to obtain 6d theories with simple supersymmetry (SUSY). Assuming the background torsion vanishes, we show that this manifold must be K3. Compactification on K3 is studied in detail. Also analyzed are the two possible torsion-free compactifications on the orbifold K3$ sp prime$ (the limit of the manifold K3). The compactification fro

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49

Guidetti, Veronica. "Axion-like particles and the 3.5 keV line in 4D string models." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10346/.

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This work is focused on axions and axion like particles (ALPs) and their possible relation with the 3.55 keV photon line detected, in recent years, from galaxy clusters and other astrophysical objects. We focus on axions that come from string compactification and we study the vacuum structure of the resulting low energy 4D N=1 supergravity effective field theory. We then provide a model which might explain the 3.55 keV line through the following processes. A 7.1 keV dark matter axion decays in two light axions, which, in turn, are transformed into photons thanks to the Primakoff effect and

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50

Vescovi, Edoardo. "Perturbative and non-perturbative approaches to string sigma-models in AdS/CFT." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17612.

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Diese Doktorarbeit behandelt quantentheoretische Aspekte von Typ II Superstringtheorien in AdS5xS5- und AdS4xCP3-Hintergründen für die AdS/CFT Korrespondenz. Dabei werden perturbative Methoden und Verfahren der Gitterfeldtheorie benutzt. Die Konstruktion des Supercoset-Sigma-Modell für Strings im AdS5xS5wird skizziert, während die generelle Quantendynamik des Superstring in AdS4xCP3 mit Hilfe einer dimensionaler Reduktion der Supermembrane-Wirkung in AdS4xS7 beschrieben wird. Ein manifest kovarianter Formalismus zur semi-klassischen Quantisierung von Strings um beliebige Minimalflächen in AdS5

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