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1

Sabaratnam, Keshalini. "The interaction between the Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) neurovirulence factor pp14 and the host transcription factor, CREB3." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d2fc6bd4-bc3a-4a37-924b-86881096a9b5.

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Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) induces a wide range of neurological syndromes in susceptible hosts; however, the mechanisms behind the MDV-induced neuropathology are still poorly understood. The immediate-early 14kDa phosphoprotein, pp14, is associated with the neurovirulence phenotype of the virus. Yeast-two-hybrid screening identified the ER-bound transcription regulator, human CREB3 (cAMP Response Element-Binding protein), as an interacting partner of pp14, and fluorescence colocalisation between pp14 and chicken CREB3 (chCREB3) in MDV infected cells suggested an interaction between these prot
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2

Conley, Michaela Jayne. "Structural and functional characterisation of feline calicivirus entry." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8920/.

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The Caliciviridae are a group of small, non-enveloped viruses with a positive sense, single stranded RNA genome. Caliciviruses include the noroviruses, responsible for winter vomiting disease, as well as several important veterinary pathogens. Feline calicivirus (FCV) is an excellent model for studying calicivirus entry, having a known protein receptor and being readily propagated in cell culture. Here we explore calicivirus entry, using FCV. Virus entry is the critical first step of infection and is therefore an important area of study. Both alpha 2-6 linked sialic acid and feline junctional
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3

Thompson, Catherine Isabelle. "Protein interaction studies on the rotavirus non-structural protein NSP1." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80266/.

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Rotavirus encodes six structural and six non-structural proteins. In contrast to the structural proteins, the functional roles of the non-structural proteins are not well defined beyond a realisation that they must have a role in the viral replication cycle. A fuller understanding of the replication cycle must therefore rest on determining the specific roles played by the non-structural proteins. Non-structural protein NSP1 shows high levels of sequence divergence. A generally well conserved cysteine-rich region at the amino-terminus may form a zinc finger structure. It has been shown to posse
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4

Rezelj, Veronica Valentina. "Characterization of the non-structural (NSs) protein of tick-borne phleboviruses." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8149/.

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In recent years, a number of newly discovered tick-borne viruses exhibiting a wide spectrum of diseases in humans have been ascribed to the Phlebovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae family. These viruses have a tripartite RNA genome composed of two negative-sense RNA segments (medium and large) and one ambisense segment (small), which encode four structural proteins and one non-structural protein (NSs). The NSs protein is the major virulence factor of bunyaviruses, and acts as an antagonist of a key component of the first line of defence against viral infections: the interferon (IFN) system (Bridg
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5

Howard, Susan Teresa. "Structural and functional analyses on the SalI G fragment of vaccinia virus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386088.

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6

Martin, Morgan Mackensie. "Functional analysis of hepatitis C virus non-structural protein (NS) 3 protease and viral cofactor NS4A." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1522.

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The hepatitis C virus (HCV) was identified in 1989 as the major causative agent of transfusion-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis and today represents a worldwide health crisis with prevalence estimates of 2.2%. HCV-specific therapeutics have never been more urgently needed. One of the validated drug targets is the non-structural (NS) protein 3 (NS3) membrane-bound protease. The major aim of this thesis was characterization of NS3 allosteric activation by its viral cofactor, NS4A. We hypothesized that there would be specific residues that dominate the interaction between NS3 and NS4A, and furth
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7

Lauder, Rebecca Pink. "Structural analysis of adenovirus bound to blood coagulation factors that influence viral tropism." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2636/.

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Adenoviruses are currently the most commonly used vectors for clinical gene therapy trials. Of these, Ad5 is the most commonly used serotype. Upon intravenous delivery, the vectors are sequestered in the liver which reduces their efficacy. While the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor is responsible for in vitro cell entry, this pathway is not used in vivo. Blood coagulation factors have been implicated in mediating in vivo hepatic transduction, and it is therefore important to characterise the interaction between these and Ad5 in order to permit development of more efficacious and safer vi
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8

Leigh, Kendra Elizabeth. "Structural Studies of a Subunit of the Murine Cytomegalovirus Nuclear Egress Complex." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14226065.

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The Herpesviridae family of viruses includes a number of human pathogens of clinical importance. Like other herpesviruses, cytomegaloviruses require a heterodimeric nuclear egress complex (NEC) consisting of a membrane-bound protein and a soluble nucleoplasmic protein, termed in murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) M50 and M53, respectively. Genetic, electron microscopic, and immunocytochemical studies have revealed the importance of this complex for viral replication, most predominantly in facilitating egress of viral nucleocapsids across the nuclear membrane. Despite the significance of the NEC to
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9

Ruiz, Arroyo Víctor Manuel. "Structural and functional analysis of Zika Virus NS5 protein." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671922.

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Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family and constitute an important public health concern since ZIKV infection produced devastating effects in new born infants. Flaviviruses present a positive sense single stranded RNA genome flanked by highly structured untranslated regions (UTR) carrying one open reading frame that codifies for three structural proteins (C, prM, E) and five nonstructural proteins (NS1-5). At the most C-terminal end, NS5 protein carries a RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and a methyl transferase domain (MTase) for genome copying and 5’ capping activities of th
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10

Rainsford, Edward. "Functional studies on the rotavirus non-structural proteins NSP5 and NSP6." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2005. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/53876/.

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The rotavirus replication cycle has not been fully characterised, one vital stage of virus replication involves large cytoplasmic occlusion bodies termed viroplasms. These are the sites of synthesis and replication of dsRNA, packaging of viral RNA into newly synthesized cores and the formation of double-shelled previrions. The detailed mechanism by which these events occur is poorly understood but is thought to be mediated by the non-structural proteins localised to these structures. Rotavirus gene segment 11 expresses two proteins NSP5 and NSP6 which are found in alternate open reading frames
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11

Halldorsson, Steinar. "Molecular determinants of phleboviral cell entry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:56c5ef37-b023-4a8f-bdf2-8388226dc3b3.

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Phleboviruses are emerging zoonotic pathogens which constitute a global threat to human and animal health. The mosquito-borne Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a widespread problem across the African continent and causes regular deadly outbreaks in ruminants. The recently emerged severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a serious human public health concern in China which has rapidly spread to Japan and Korea with fatality rates as high as 16-30%. Phleboviral cell entry is mediated by two viral glycoproteins: the class II fusion protein Gc and the lesser known Gn. Initial c
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12

Arnaud, Charles-Adrien. "Structure de la queue du phage T5 et mécanisme de perforation de l’enveloppe bactérienne par les Siphoviridae." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV086/document.

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La grande majorité des bactériophages connus ont un virion équipé d'une queue permettant la reconnaissance de l'hôte, la perforation de l'enveloppe bactérienne et l'éjection du matériel génétique viral directement dans le cytoplasme de la bactérie. La famille des Siphoviridae représente 60% des phages caudés et est caractérisée par une queue longue et non-contractile. Le tube de la queue est formé par un empilement de protéine majeur de tube (TTP) polymérisé autour de la protéine vernier (TMP). L'extrémité distale de la queue est équipé d'un complexe de protéine dans lequel se trouve les proté
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13

Zwart, Lizahn. "Investigating two AHSV non-structural proteins : tubule-forming protein NS1 and novel protein NS4." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62198.

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African horse sickness is an equid disease caused by African horse sickness virus (AHSV). AHSV produces seven structural proteins that form the virion and four non-structural proteins with various roles during replication. The first part of this study investigated the intracellular distribution and co-localisations of NS1 with other AHSV proteins to facilitate its eventual functional characterisation. Confocal microscopy revealed that NS1 formed small cytoplasmic foci early after infection that gradually converged into large fluorescent NS1 tubule bundles. Tubule bundles were more organised in
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14

Koneru, Pratibha Chowdary. "Mechanistic and Structural Investigations into the Mode of Action of Allosteric HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1560532618539888.

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15

Meek, Richard William. "Structural and functional analysis of proteins involved in the C-DI-GMP network of the predatory bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovirus." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8115/.

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Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD 100 is a σ-proteobacterium that predates on Gram-negative bacteria. The lifecycle of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is complex and regulated in part by the cyclic nucleotide, c-di-GMP. Gene knockouts of diguanylate cyclases reveal discrete phenotypes in Bdellovibrio at different time points of predation. This thesis presents the first structure of the Bdellovibrio diguanylate cyclase, Bd0742 in an inhibitory conformation. Bd0742 mediates invasion but the mechanism of its regulation was unknown. Our structure suggests that an N-terminal tail attached to the forkhead-as
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16

Chauché, Caroline Marie. "Molecular evolution of equine influenza virus non-structural protein 1." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8877/.

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Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are common infections of certain avian reservoir species, and they periodically transfer to mammalian hosts. These cross-species jumps are usually associated with sporadic outbreaks, and on rare occasions lead to the establishment of a lineage in the new host species. The immune pressure exerted by the new host on the emergent virus forces it to evolve and adopt strategies to evade immunity in order to survive in nature. Understanding the biological mechanisms that allow successful inter-species transmission and adaptation to mammals is crucial to develop the theoret
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17

Hill, Alison. "Emergence of simian immunodeficiency virus in rhesus macaques is characterized by changes in structural and accessory genes that enhance fitness in the new host species." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493400.

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The distribution of lentiviruses among primates reflects a history of interspecies transmission and emergence of new virus-host relationships. The degree to which viruses must adapt to the genetic environment of new host species, and how adaptations to the new host initially affect viral fitness are two understudied elements of emergence. The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) of rhesus macaques (SIVmac) emerged as the result of a cross-species transmission of SIV from the sooty mangabey monkey (SIVsm) into rhesus macaques, and comparing cohorts of SIVmac- and SIVsm-infected macaques provides
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18

Kissel, Jay D. "Target specificity and structural characterization of single-stranded DNA aptamer RT1t49, a broad inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptases." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3274917.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Biology, 2007.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-07, Section: B, page: 4320. Adviser: Donald H. Burke-Aguero. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Apr. 22, 2008).
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19

Persson, Magnus. "Structural Studies of Bacteriophage PRR1 and HIV-1 protease." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Strukturell molekylärbiologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-135159.

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Viruses are a diverse genera of organisms adapted to thrive in many different hosts from prokaryotic to eukaryotic. We present here the structure of bacteriophage PRR1 virus-like particle (VLP), belonging to Leviviridae family. Our structure reveals calcium ions in the VLP. Metal ions are rare in the VLP among the Leviviridae and the calcium ions were found to affect VLP stability. Gene expression in Leviviridae is controlled by a specific interaction between the viral coat protein that assembles to create the VLP, and the genomic RNA. This interaction has been thoroughly studied for the leviv
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20

Brown, Heather Piehl. "Homology-based Structural Prediction of the Binding Interface Between the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Restriction Factor TRIM79 and the Flavivirus Non-structural 5 Protein." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1481304908426729.

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21

Stone, Nicholas P. "Elucidating the structural mechanisms of capsid stability and assembly using a hyperthermophilic bacteriophage." eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1042.

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Nearly all viruses encapsulate their genomes in protective protein shells known as capsids. Capsids self-assemble from repeating protein subunits, which surround the viral genome. Many viruses use a powerful biomotor to pump DNA into preformed capsid shells. Therefore, not only does the capsid protect the genome from environmental stress, it additionally stabilizes against high internal pressure caused by the tightly-packaged genome inside. To understand how capsids remain stable despite extreme conditions, I use thermophilic bacteriophage P74-26 as a model to probe the structural mechanisms t
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22

Zeng, Yingying. "Modeling and structural studies of single-stranded RNA viruses." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47630.

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My research focuses on structures of the genomes of single-stranded RNA viruses. The first project is concerned with the sequence and secondary structure of HIV-1 RNA. Based on the secondary structure that Watts et al. determined, I performed a series of analysis and the results suggested that the abundance of Adenosines at the wobble position of the codons leads to an unusual structure with numerous unpaired nucleotides. The findings indicated how the virus balances evolutionary pressures on the genomic RNA secondary structure against pressures on the sequence of the viral proteins. The secon
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23

Whelan, Jillian Nicole. "Investigation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Structural Determinants and Exploitation of the Host Ubiquitin System." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6431.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a globally circulating, non-segmented, negative sense (NNS) RNA virus that causes severe lower respiratory infections. This study explored several avenues to ultimately expand upon our understanding of RSV pathogenesis at the protein level. Evaluation of RSV intrinsic protein disorder increased the relatively limited description of the RSV structure-function relationship. Global proteomics analysis provided direction for further hypothesis-driven investigation of host pathways altered by RSV infection, specifically the interaction between the RSV NS2 protei
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24

Fadda, Valeria. "Structural studies on a hepatitis C virus-related immunological complex and on Ebola virus polymerase cofactor VP35." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7703.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. HCV-neutralizing antibody AP33 recognizes a linear, highly conserved epitope on the viral entry protein E2, disrupting the interaction with the cellular receptor CD81 that leads to viral entry. AP33-related anti-idiotypes (Ab₂s) have the potential to carry the internal image of the antigen E2, eliciting the production of AP33-like antibodies in humans. This study reports the mid-resolution structure of the Fab fragment of anti-idiotype A164.3 and the high-resolution structure of the Fab fragment of AP33
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25

Flatt, Justin Wayne. "STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS INTO RECOGNITION OF ADENOVIRUS BY IMMUNOLOGIC AND SERUM FACTORS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1387451692.

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26

Hengrung, Narin. "Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from influenza C virus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:694e16a6-f94e-4375-a1f9-7e250aea7343.

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The influenza virus causes a disease that kills approximately 500,000 people worldwide each year. Influenza is a negative-sense RNA virus that encodes its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This protein (FluPol) carries out both genome replication and viral transcription. Therefore, like the L-proteins of non-segmented negative-sense RNA (nsRNA) viruses, FluPol also contains mRNA capping and polyadenylation functionality. In FluPol, capping is achieved by snatching cap structures from cellular mRNAs, so requiring cap-binding and endonuclease activities. This makes FluPol a substantial machine.
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27

Minoves, Marie. "Etude fonctionnelle et structurale de la glycoprotéine du virus de la Stomatite Vésiculaire et des Lyssavirus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL068.

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Le virus de la stomatite vésiculaire (VSV) est un virus enveloppé appartenant au genre Vésiculovirus et à la famille des Rhabdoviridae. Son unique glycoprotéine G reconnait un récepteur à la surface de la cellule hôte puis, après endocytose du virion, déclenche la fusion membranaire grâce à une transition structurale induite à faible pH depuis la forme pré-fusion de G vers sa forme post-fusion. Par ailleurs, G est la cible des anticorps neutralisant le virus. Les structures cristallographiques des formes pré- et post-fusion de l'ectodomaine soluble de G (i.e. sans sa partie transmembranaire) o
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28

Shandilya, Shivender. "Structural Studies of the Anti-HIV Human Protein APOBEC3G Catalytic Domain: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/562.

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HIV/AIDS is a disease of grave global importance with over 33 million people infected world-wide and nearly 2 million deaths each year. The rapid emergence of drug resistance, due to viral mutation, renders anti-retroviral drug candidates ineffective with alarming speed and regularity. Instead of targeting mutation prone viral proteins, an alternative approach is to target host proteins that interact with viral proteins and are critical for the HIV life-cycle. APOBEC3G is a host anti-HIV restriction factor that can exert tremendous negative pressure by hypermutating the viral genome and has th
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29

Luque, Santolaria Antoni. "Structure, Mechanical Properties, and Self-Assembly of Viral Capsids." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31993.

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Viruses are submicroscopic biological entities that need to infect a host cell in order to replicate. In their simplest form viruses are constituted by an infective genetic material and a protein shell (the capsid) that protects the viral genome. In this thesis we try to elucidate the general physical principles playing a major role in the morphology, stability, and assembly of viral capsids. Therefore, in the first part of the thesis, we develop a general theory that characterizes spherical and bacilliform (or prolate) capsids based on icosahedral symmetry under the same geometrical framew
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30

Soumana, Djade I. "Hepatitis C Virus: Structural Insights into Protease Inhibitor Efficacy and Drug Resistance: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2015. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/803.

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The Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a global health problem as it afflicts an estimated 170 million people worldwide and is the major cause of viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. HCV is a rapidly evolving virus, with 6 major genotypes and multiple subtypes. Over the past 20 years, HCV therapeutic efforts have focused on identifying the best-in-class direct acting antiviral (DAA) targeting crucial components of the viral lifecycle, The NS3/4A protease is responsible for processing the viral polyprotein, a crucial step in viral maturation, and for cleaving host factors involved in activating
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31

Koopman, Tammy L. "Production of Porcine Single Chain Variable Fragment (SCFV) selected against a recombinant fragment of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus non structural protein 2." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13189.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology<br>Richard 'Dick' Hesse<br>Carol Wyatt<br>Over the last two decades molecular laboratory techniques have enabled researchers to investigate the infection, replication and pathogenesis of viral disease. In the early eighties, Dr. George Smith developed a unique system of molecular selection. He showed that the fd bacteriophage genome could be manipulated to carry a sequence of DNA coding for a protein not contained in the phage genome. Infection of the recombinant bacteriophage or phagemid into a specific strain of the bacteriu
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32

Arista, Romero Maria. "Unveiling viral structures by single-molecule localization microscopy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672262.

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Influenza A virus is one of the most outstanding human viruses. The major treatments against influenza are small analogues, monoclonal antibodies and vaccines, however, due to the fast mutation of the seasonal influenza strain, these methods are easily outdated, so vaccine production and antiviral development need to be in continuous growth and study to improve immunity and fight against influenza disease. The characterization of the viral structure and the identification of the mechanisms of action of newly synthesized antivirals are crucial to develop fast and powerful treatments, nonethel
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33

Wall, Erin A. "ELUCIDATION OF A NOVEL PATHWAY IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS: THE ESSENTIAL SITE-SPECIFIC PROCESSING OF RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L27." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3747.

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Ribosomal protein L27 is a component of the eubacterial large ribosomal subunit that has been shown to play a critical role in substrate stabilization during protein synthesis. This function is mediated by the L27 N-terminus, which protrudes into the peptidyl transferase center where it interacts with both A-site and P-site tRNAs as well as with 23S rRNA. We observed that L27 in S. aureus and other Firmicutes is encoded with a short N-terminal extension that is not present in most Gram-negative organisms, and is absent from mature ribosomes. The extension contains a conserved cleavage motif; n
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34

Dhar, Jayeeta. "Suppression of Pulmonary Innate Immunity by Pneumoviruses." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1479673989904175.

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35

Benachenhou, Farid. "Retroviral long Terminal Repeats; Structure, Detection and Phylogeny." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Klinisk virologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120028.

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Long terminal repeats (LTRs) are non-coding repeats flanking the protein-coding genes of LTR retrotransposons. The variability of LTRs poses a challenge in studying them. Hidden Markov models (HMMs), probabilistic models widely used in pattern recognition, are useful in dealing with this variability. The aim of this work was mainly to study LTRs of retroviruses and LTR retrotransposons using HMMs. Paper I describes the methodology of HMM modelling applied to different groups of LTRs from exogenous retroviruses (XRVs) and endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). The detection capabilities of HMMs were a
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36

Coutard, Bruno. "Contribution de la biotechnologie à la virologie structurale et fonctionnelle." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22046.pdf.

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37

Ozen, Aysegul. "Structure and Dynamics of Viral Substrate Recognition and Drug Resistance: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2013. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/677.

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Drug resistance is a major problem in quickly evolving diseases, including the human immunodeficiency (HIV) and hepatitis C viral (HCV) infections. The viral proteases (HIV protease and HCV NS3/4A protease) are primary drug targets. At the molecular level, drug resistance reflects a subtle change in the balance of molecular recognition; the drug resistant protease variants are no longer effectively inhibited by the competitive drug molecules but can process the natural substrates with enough efficiency for viral survival. Therefore, the inhibitors that better mimic the natural substrate bindin
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38

Ozen, Aysegul. "Structure and Dynamics of Viral Substrate Recognition and Drug Resistance: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2005. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/677.

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Drug resistance is a major problem in quickly evolving diseases, including the human immunodeficiency (HIV) and hepatitis C viral (HCV) infections. The viral proteases (HIV protease and HCV NS3/4A protease) are primary drug targets. At the molecular level, drug resistance reflects a subtle change in the balance of molecular recognition; the drug resistant protease variants are no longer effectively inhibited by the competitive drug molecules but can process the natural substrates with enough efficiency for viral survival. Therefore, the inhibitors that better mimic the natural substrate bindin
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39

Feng, Yuqin. "Molecular epidemiological analysis of rabies viruses associated with population structure of bat hosts." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27243.

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To explore whether rabies viral variants co-localize with discrete bat host populations (sub-populations), both the host genome and rabies virus of Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bats), Myotis lucifugus (little brown bats) and other Myotis specimens, collected during 1989 to 2004 from diagnostic submissions from across the country, were genetically characterized. Bat species population analysis was performed by nuclear DNA genotyping, scored by variation of several microsatellite loci, and through phylogenetic analysis of Cox-1 (cytochrome oxidase subunit I) gene sequences located on mitochondri
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40

Roznowski, Aaron. "A Structure-Function Analysis of the phiX174 DNA Piloting Protein." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13812936.

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<p> In order to initiate an infection, bacteriophages must deliver their large, hydrophilic genomes across their host&rsquo;s hydrophobic cell wall. Bacteriophage &phiv;X174 accomplishes this task with a set of identical DNA piloting proteins. The structure of the piloting protein&rsquo;s central domain was solved to 2.4 &Aring; resolution. In it, ten proteins are oligomerized into an &alpha;-helical barrel, or tube, that is long enough to span the host&rsquo;s cell wall and wide enough for the circular, ssDNA to pass through. This structure was used as a guide to explore the mechanics of &phi
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41

O'Hara, Maureen. "Relating the structure of the HSV-1 UL25 DNA packaging protein to its function." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1326/.

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The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) UL25 protein (pUL25) is a minor capsid protein that is essential for packaging the full-length viral genome into preformed precursor capsid. It is also important in virus entry and recently has been implicated in the egress of the virus from the cell (Coller et al., 2007, Preston et al., 2008). The crystallographic structure of an N-terminally truncated form of pUL25 (residues 134-580) has been determined to 2.1 Å, revealing a protein with a novel fold that consists mostly of a-helices and a few minor b-sheets (Bowman et al., 2006). An unusual feature of
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42

Romano, Keith P. "Mechanisms of Substrate Recognition by HCV NS3/4A Protease Provide Insights Into Drug Resistance: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/554.

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HCV afflicts many millions of people globally, and antiviral therapies are often ineffective and intolerable. The Food and Drug Administration approved the HCV protease inhibitors telaprevir and boceprevir in May 2011, marking an important milestone in anti-HCV research over the past two decades. Nevertheless, severe drug side effects of combination therapy – flu-like symptoms, depression and anemia – limit patient adherence to treatment regimens. The acquisition of resistance challenges the long-term efficacy of antiviral therapies, including protease inhibitors, as suboptimal dosing allows f
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43

Fan, Wan Ho. "Investigating the structure of herpes simplex virus - 1 at the interface between the capsid and tegument." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6876/.

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The structure of the herpesviruses particle is characterised by an icosahedral capsid surrounded by a proteinaceous tegument layer and is enclosed by a lipid envelope. The understanding of the structure of the capsid, primarily through the use of cyro-electron microscopy, is greater to than of the tegument, due to the typically amorphous nature of the tegument. The interaction between the capsid and tegument has been well studied, unveiling interactions limited to the capsid vertices involving two minor capsid proteins, pUL17 and pUL25, and the large tegument protein pUL36. In herpes simplex v
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44

Coulibaly, Fasséli. "Etude structurale des birnavirus : identification des déterminants d'antigénicité, de virulence et d'assemblage : mise en évidence d'un lien évolutif entre virus à ARN(+) et à ARN double brin." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112236.

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Les birnavirus occupent une place particulière parmi les virus icosaédriques non enveloppés. Ils sont à la fois proches des Reoviridae par leur organisation génomique et leur capside T=13 et proches de virus à ARN positif par leurs stratégies réplicatives et de morphogenèse. Ce travail présente la structure de particules subvirales à symétrie icosaédrique T=l de l'IBDV. Ces particules de 260 A de diamètre se composent de 60 sous-unités de la protéine d'attachement du virus, VP2. Celle-ci se replie sous la forme de deux domaines jelly rolls perpendiculaires reposant sur une base riche en hélice
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45

DORE, PETIT-MAIRE ISABELLE. "Utilisation des anticorps monoclonaux en virologie vegetale : diagnostic et etudes structurales de quelques tobamovirus." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13097.

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Etude des epitopes reconnus par 18 anticorps monoclonaux diriges contre la proteine de l'enveloppe du virus de la mosaique du tabac, en mesurant leur reactivite vis-a-vis de differents mutants, virus et peptides synthetiques. Visualisation de la liaison entre anticorps monoclonaux et virus par microscopie electronique, dans differents tests elisa. Preparation d'anticorps monoclonaux permettant la detection du virus des taches annulaires de l'odontoglossum et du virus de la mosaique de la tomate
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46

Dore, Isabelle. "Utilisation des anticorps monoclonaux en virologie végétale diagnostic et études structurales de quelques tobamovirus /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604651w.

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47

Hornsey, Crystal A. "The function of extensive structured RNA in the evasion of host anti-virus responses." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56672/.

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Genome scale ordered RNA structure (GORS) is found throughout the genome of many single stranded positive sense RNA viruses, including plant viruses. It was hypothesised that GORS may function to help evade RNAi either by preventing the generation of siRNAs or by stopping RNAi-mediated cleavage of the target. This project used Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) to investigate the function of GORS in plant viruses. The RNA structure of a 750nt region of the genome was modified to have less, more or the same energy as the WT sequence. The physical structure of these sequences was shown to be different
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48

Mittal, Seema. "Role of Protein Flexibility in Function, Resistance Pathways and Substrate Recognition Specificity in HIV-1 Protease: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/573.

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In the 30 years since the Center for Disease Control's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report published the first mention of what later was determined to be AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) recognized as the causative pathogen, much has been done to understand this disease’s pathogenesis, development of drugs and emergence of drug resistance under selective drug therapy. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), a combination of drugs that includes HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, protease, and more recently, integrase and entry inhibitors, have h
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49

Eno-Ibanga, Cheryl K. "The analysis of a conserved RNA structure in the 3D polymerase encoding region of human parechovirus 1." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/19097/.

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Picornaviruses are important causes of human illness and it is necessary to understand more about how these viruses function. Human parechoviruses (HPeV) are common pathogens and studies have shown that 95% of people become infected with HPeV at a very early age, usually with symptoms such as mild diarrhoea and fever. However, one virus type HPeV3, is implicated in much more serious cases of neonatal disease and so it is important to understand HPeVs to increase the opportunity to develop drugs or vaccines against the infection. The HPeV1 genome encodes a single polyprotein that is cleaved int
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50

Lin, Kuan-Hung. "Viral Proteases as Drug Targets and the Mechanisms of Drug Resistance: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2016. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/841.

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Viral proteases have been shown to be effective targets of anti-viral therapies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, under the pressure of therapy including protease inhibitors, the virus evolves to select drug resistance mutations both in the protease and substrates. In my thesis study, I aimed to understand the mechanisms of how this protease−substrate co-evolution contributes to drug resistance. Currently, there are no approved drugs against dengue virus (DENV); I investigated substrate recognition by DENV protease and designed cyclic peptides as inhi
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