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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Temperate pastures"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 21 de fevereiro de 2023

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1

Kemp, D. R., and P. M. Dowling. "Towards sustainable temperate perennial pastures." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 2 (2000): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98003.

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Naturalised pastures across the higher rainfall (>600 mm) perennial pasture zone of south-eastern Australia are less productive than they were, while sown pastures fail to maintain their initial levels of production. Several factors have contributed to this, including lack of knowledge of suitable grazing practices, weed invasion, increasing acid soils, rising water tables and poor management practices during droughts. A key issue in each case is the decline in perennial grass species which is both a cause and effect of the decline in productivity and sustainability of these ecosystems. Thi

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Pearson, C. J., R. Brown, W. J. Collins, K. A. Archer, M. S. Wood, C. Petersen, and B. Bootle. "An Australian temperate pastures database." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 4 (1997): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96095.

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A census of pasture types and their composition and attributes (e.g. purpose and carrying capacity) was carried out throughout southern Australia from June to October 1994. This paper describes the survey process and subsequent creation of an Australian temperate pastures database. Data were created for 562 local government areas (LGAs) from ‘desk estimates’ by trained agriculturists. They identified about 2500 pasture types, which were grouped into 120 standardised pasture categories. Some findings from the data are identified, namely the high relative importance on an area basis of unimprove

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3

Eyles, Alieta, Garth Coghlan, Marcus Hardie, Mark Hovenden, and Kerry Bridle. "Soil carbon sequestration in cool-temperate dryland pastures: mechanisms and management options." Soil Research 53, no. 4 (2015): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14062.

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Permanent pastures, which include sown, native and naturalised pastures, account for 4.3 Mha (56%) of the national land use in Australia. Given their extent, pastures are of great interest with respect to their potential to influence national carbon (C) budgets and CO2 mitigation. Increasing soil organic C (SOC) mitigates greenhouse gases while providing other benefits such as pasture productivity, soil health and ecosystem services. Several management approaches have been recommended to increase C sequestration in pasture-based systems; however, results have proved variable and often contradi

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4

Lattimore, MAE. "Pastures in temperate rice rotations of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 7 (1994): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940959.

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Legume-based pastures have long been an integral part of rice growing in the southern New South Wales irrigation areas and still offer potential to improve the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of the temperate rice-cropping system.This paper reviews both historical and current aspects of pastures in temperate rice rotations in southern New South Wales and highlights the importance of pastures in sustaining this cropping system as environmental pressures increase. Topics discussed include pasture species and rotations, their role in improving soil fertility and sustainability, th

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5

Vere, D. T., R. E. Jones, and M. H. Campbell. "Long-term change in the economic productivity of four major pasture categories on the south-eastern Tablelands of New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 2 (2001): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01002.

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The perception of change or decline in the productivity of temperate pastures in south-eastern Australia is an important concern to livestock producers and pasture scientists. Much of this concern relates to reductions in the proportions of desirable species in the composition of pasture systems as a result of increased soil and weed problems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate trends in the long-term economic productivity of four categories of temperate pastures (all introduced pastures, introduced perennial grasses, introduced legumes and all native pastures) on the central and sout

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Vere, D. T., R. E. Jones, and M. H. Campbell. "The economics of temperate pasture systems on the central and southern Tablelands of New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 2 (2001): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01003.

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Pastures are the basis of most forms of agricultural production on the New South Wales central and southern tablelands. Pastures occupy the bulk of the region's landmass and pasture-based livestock production annually contributes more than three-quarters of the regional gross value of rural production. Throughout the region, there is substantial variation in pasture composition, ranging from high quality introduced perennial grasses and legumes to pastures comprising mainly low quality native species. This paper examines the economics of the main categories of temperate pastures over a range o

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7

Jones, Roger A. C. "Virus diseases of pasture grasses in Australia: incidences, losses, epidemiology, and management." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 3 (2013): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13134.

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This paper reviews current knowledge for Australia over the occurrence, losses caused, epidemiology, and management of virus diseases of pasture grasses. It also reviews all records of viruses in wild grasses likely to act as alternative host reservoirs for virus spread to nearby pastures or crops. Currently, 21 viruses have been found infecting 36 pasture or forage grass species and 59 wild grass species. These viruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors (mites or insects) or, in one instance, via grass seeds. Their modes of transmission are critical factors determining their incidences with

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8

McPhee, M. J., J. F. Ayres, and M. L. Curll. "Growth periodicity of introduced pastures on the northern tablelands of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 6 (1997): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96176.

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This paper reports on the growth periodicity of introduced temperate perennial pastures in a summer-rainfall environment in the high-rainfall zone of eastern Australia. Data were derived from an experiment (1985-87) directed at evaluating pasture cultivars when sown in binary mixtures grazed by sheep. The data were also simulated by using the decision support system SheepO (Version 4·0) and validated by visual techniques, deviance measures, and statistical tests. The model simulated pasture growth rate and total biomass with acceptable accuracy. The study provided a quantification of the growt

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9

King, K. L., and K. J. Hutchinson. "Pasture and grazing land: assessment of sustainability using invertebrate bioindicators." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 4 (2007): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05270.

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Impacts of practices frequently used to manage Australian pastures are reviewed with the aim of determining which groups are responsive to changes in grazing regime, fertiliser use, pasture types, tree clearing, pesticide use, liming and irrigation. Invertebrate groups sensitive to pasture management regimes may be potential candidates for use as bioindicators of ecological sustainability of these pasture types. This review concentrates on the more intensively utilised temperate pastures of southern Australia, as very little work has been done on the impact of the grazing animal and pasture ma

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10

Fulkerson, WJ, and K. Slack. "Estimating mass of temperate and tropical pastures in the subtropics." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 7 (1993): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930865.

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The feasibility of estimating, with acceptable precision, temperate and tropical pasture mass in a subtropical environment was evaluated. For the tropical grasses kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) and setaria (Setaria ancepts), 3 different pasture meters were calibrated against 1 of 3 dry matter (DM) estimates. Temperate pastures (predominantly Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens) were evaluated using the Ellinbank rising plate meter (RPMl) calibrated against DM to ground level. A single regression equation was developed for syegrass-white clover pasture from data pooled within season over firs

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11

Axelsen, A., PJ Waller, AD Donald, RJ Dobson, and JB Nadin. "Grazing management and nematode parasite control in cattle in the temperate climatic zone of Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 3 (1986): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860267.

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Over 2 years, 1979 and 1981, yearling cattle were grazed from July to December/January on phalaris- or annual ryegrass-based pastures that had been previously grazed by either weaners, cows or cattle drenched every 2 weeks. All yearlings had previously been drenched at weaning in autumn, and from July were either set-stocked, or moved once or twice on to pastures previously grazed by cows. The experiment was conducted at Ginninderra. near Canberra. If a portion of the pasture was saved in winter for grazing in early spring, increased liveweight gains were observed while yearlings grazed the sa

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Garden, D. L., G. M. Lodge, D. A. Friend, P. M. Dowling, and B. A. Orchard. "Effects of grazing management on botanical composition of native grass-based pastures in temperate south-east Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 2 (2000): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98010.

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Grazing management strategies to alter botanical composition of native pastures were investigated at 4 locations in the high rainfall zone of south-east Australia, including Tasmania. These studies were conducted as part of the Temperate Pasture Sustainability Key Program, which evaluated the effects of grazing management on a wide range of pasture types between 1993 and 1996. Pastures in this study were based on Aristida ramosa/Bothriochloa macra, Microlaena stipoides–Austrodanthonia spp. or Themeda triandra–Austrodanthonia spp. Seasonal rests, increased grazing pressure in spring, mob stocki

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Vere, D. T., P. M. Dowling, R. E. Jones, and D. R. Kemp. "Economic impact of Vulpia in temperate pasture systems in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 4 (2002): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01100.

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An increasing incidence of annual grasses is considered to be a primary cause of decline in the productivity of Australia's temperate pasture systems. In particular, Vulpia (silver grass) comprises a significant proportion of the biomass of many temperate pastures and can seriously affect livestock productivity. The main economic effects of Vulpia include reducing pasture carrying capacities, contaminating produce and competing with more desirable pasture species. This paper presents the results of an economic evaluation of the costs of Vulpia and the long-term benefits of improving Vulpia man

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14

McGregor, B. A. "Influence of stocking rate and mixed grazing of Angora goats and Merino sheep on animal and pasture production in southern Australia. 1. Botanical composition, sward characteristics and availability of components of annual temperate pastures." Animal Production Science 50, no. 2 (2010): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09128.

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The effects of animal species (AS; Angora goats, Merino sheep or goats and sheep mixed grazed together at ratio 1 : 1) and stocking rate (SR; 7.5, 10 and 12.5 animals/ha) on the availability, botanical composition and sward characteristics of annual temperate pastures under continuous grazing were determined in a replicated experiment from 1981 to 1984. AS and SR had significant effects on pasture availability and composition and many AS × SR interactions were detected. The pastures grazed by sheep had significantly reduced content and proportion of subterranean clover and more undesirable gra

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15

Stockdale, C. R. "Effects of the composition of irrigated perennial pasture on the milk production of dairy cows and their responses to supplementation with cereal grain-based concentrates." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 7 (2008): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07418.

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The objective of the research described here was to compare the milk production from paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.)-dominant swards with milk production from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)–white clover (Trifolium repens L.)-dominant swards. Eight experiments were conducted over a 2-year period, during which half the cows grazed pastures that had been established for more than 15 years (old pasture) and were dominated by paspalum in summer, while the remaining cows grazed pastures sown within the previous 2–3 years (new pasture), which were dominated by temperate species. Groups of

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16

Fernandez-Turren, Gonzalo, José L. Repetto, José M. Arroyo, Analía Pérez-Ruchel, and Cecilia Cajarville. "Lamb Fattening Under Intensive Pasture-Based Systems: A Review." Animals 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030382.

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The benefits of pasture-based systems on the fatty acid composition of sheep meat appear to be achievable despite variability in the quality of the pastures. Lambs fed high levels of temperate pastures have an excess of N-ammonia derived from protein degradation. Furthermore, animal performance is highly variable depending on the quality of the pasture at the time of grazing, and high animal performance in these systems appears to be linked to the use of high-quality pastures with high availability, and is possibly added to by the inclusion of concentrates that allow increasing energy intake a

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Pyle, Lysandra, Linda M. Hall, and Edward W. Bork. "Linking management practices with range health in northern temperate pastures." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 98, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2017-0223.

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Little information exists on the management and range health (RH) of northern temperate pastures, where health is defined as the ability to sustain ecosystem function. We surveyed 102 pastures for RH and their associated managers during 2012–2013 across central Alberta, Canada. Pastures were generally diverse mixes of introduced grasses and contained few legumes, despite most (55%) being seeded to legumes. The majority of pastures were healthy (mean RH score = 78.8% ± 1.3%), with 2.9% having scores <50%. Criteria reducing scores were noxious weeds, bare soil, and evidence of erosion. Most p

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Mason, W. K., and G. Kay. "Temperate Pasture Sustainability Key Program: an overview." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 2 (2000): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98002.

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This special edition of the Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture presents papers from work undertaken as part of the Temperate Pasture Sustainability Key Program (TPSKP; see Fig. 1), and presented at a workshop in Sydney in November 1997. TPSKP was initiated by Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA). The Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation, the International Wool Secretariat and the Murray Darling Basin Commission were joint funders of some of the individual projects. Most projects were carried out on private properties, and many had producer groups associated w

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Moletto-Lobos, Italo, Cristian Mattar, and Jonathan Barichivich. "Performance of Satellite-Based Evapotranspiration Models in Temperate Pastures of Southern Chile." Water 12, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 3587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123587.

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Farmers in the temperate zone of southern Chile have started to irrigate historically rainfed pastures during recent years to reduce dairy productivity losses against increasingly severe summer droughts. The lack of information on pasture water requirements (i.e., evapotranspiration), however, hampers the implementation of efficient irrigation programs. Here, we use in-situ observations to evaluate the skill of four remote sensing Surface Energy Balance (SEB) models and two satellite-based global evapotranspiration products (PML_V2 and GLEAM) to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of past

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20

Jones, Roger A. C. "Virus diseases of perennial pasture legumes in Australia: incidences, losses, epidemiology, and management." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 3 (2013): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13108.

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This article reviews current knowledge for Australia over the occurrence, losses caused, epidemiology, and management of virus diseases of perennial pasture legumes. Currently, 24 viruses have been found infecting perennial pasture legumes, and one or more viruses have been detected in 21 of these species. These viruses are transmitted by insect vectors, non-persistently or persistently, by contact or via seed. Their modes of transmission are critical factors determining their incidences within pastures in different climatic zones. Large-scale national or state surveys of lucerne (alfalfa) (Me

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Pyle, Lysandra A., Linda M. Hall, and Edward W. Bork. "Soil properties in northern temperate pastures do not vary with management practices and are independent of rangeland health." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 99, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2019-0076.

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Studies examining the influence of disturbance and management history on pasture soils across a large sampling area are uncommon. We report on the soil properties found in 102 northern temperate pastures sampled in central Alberta, Canada, and relate these attributes to ongoing pasture management practices compiled from producer surveys and aboveground measures of rangeland health (RH). Tame pastures, typically seeded to introduced forages, were associated with higher soil fertility (total carbon, nitrogen, and organic matter) than semi-native grasslands, which were associated with coarse-text

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Smetham, Michael L. "The Management of Pastures for Grazing." Outlook on Agriculture 24, no. 3 (September 1995): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709502400307.

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This article examines pasture management in moist temperate climates, and looks at the reasons why putting the findings into practice has been so difficult. Many factors affect the behaviour of the animal-pasture system, including whether continuous or rotational grazing is practised, the intensity of grazing, and seasonal differences in climate and grass reproduction. Pasture quality is defined in terms of green leaf and dead material: the amount of green leaf present in a pasture is of prime importance in determining the productivity of the canopy and its value for animal feeding, while the

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Pent, Gabriel J. "Over-yielding in temperate silvopastures: a meta-analysis." Agroforestry Systems 94, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 1741–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-020-00494-6.

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Abstract Over-yielding in an intercropping system occurs when the productivity of the intercrop exceeds the overall productivity of the systems managed in segregation. The objective of this systematic review was to calculate the over-yielding of silvopastures compared to open pastures and forests, timber plantations, or orchards managed separately. A literature search was completed for comparisons of the productivity of these practices in temperate regions. Data collected from these studies included mean yields of timber or non-timber forest products, forages, and livestock, as well as the cha

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Morley, Fred. "Temperate pastures: Their production, use and management." Agricultural Systems 33, no. 4 (January 1990): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(90)90062-u.

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Nolan, J. V. "Temperate pastures — Their production, use and management." Animal Feed Science and Technology 31, no. 3-4 (December 1990): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(90)90139-y.

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Robertson, S. M. "Predicting pasture and sheep production in the Victorian Mallee with the decision support tool, GrassGro." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 8 (2006): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04034.

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The GrassGro decision support tool was designed to quantify sheep and pasture production in response to management and climate variability in temperate Australia, and has been tested in temperate but not low-rainfall Australian conditions. Data from field experiments and from on-farm monitoring was used to test GrassGro predictions of annual and perennial pasture production, and sheep production at 4 locations throughout the Victorian Mallee, which is a low-rainfall area (275–375 mm annually). Predictions of long-term pasture production were then made. Predictions of the herbage biomass of ann

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Burnett, V. F., G. R. Seymour, S. Norng, J. L. Jacobs, and E. N. Ponnampalam. "Lamb growth performance and carcass weight from rotationally grazed perennial pasture systems compared with annual pasture systems with supplements." Animal Production Science 52, no. 4 (2012): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11053.

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Annual pastures used to finish lambs can decline in herbage nutritive value (NV) from January to April in the temperate zone. If lambs are to be finished to market specifications for carcass weight during this period, the use of summer-active perennial pastures or supplementation of annual pastures, is required. The present study investigated liveweight (LW) gain and carcass characteristics of lambs finished on perennial pastures compared with annual pastures and supplementation. Fifty-four second-cross lambs were allocated to one of the following four treatments in an asymmetric split-plot de

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Bowdler, T. M., N. D. Casey, R. J. Moss, and K. F. Lowe. "Performance of temperate perennial pastures in the Australian subtropics 2. Milk production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 6 (1999): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98022.

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Summary. Milk production from irrigated, pure stands of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Yatsyn), prairie grass (Bromus willdenodii cv. Matua) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea cv. AU Triumph) were compared with that achieved from Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum cv. Concord) over 3 lactations of multiparous Holstein–Friesian cows at Mutdapilly in south-east Queensland. Pastures were fertilised with 50 kg nitrogen/ha . month as urea and annual dressings of 20 kg phosphorus/ha and 50 kg potassium/ha (as superphosphate and muriate of potash respectively). There were 4 pasture treatments

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Michalk, D. L., P. M. Dowling, D. R. Kemp, W. McG King, I. J. Packer, P. J. Holst, R. E. Jones, et al. "Sustainable grazing systems for the Central Tablelands, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 8 (2003): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02180.

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Pasture degradation is a major issue in the high rainfall zone (>600 mm) of temperate Australia. Characterised by a decline in the perennial grass component, this degradation is responsible for reduced livestock production and implicated in environmental problems, such as dryland salinity, through changed water-use patterns. This paper reports on a multi-disciplinary research program conducted at Carcoar in central New South Wales, one of 6 sites that comprised the Sustainable Grazing Systems National Experiment. The aim of the experiment was to develop more profitable and sustainable pastu

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Campbell, MH. "Extending the frontiers of aerially sown pastures in temperate Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 1 (1992): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920137.

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Over the past 40 years large areas of pastures on hill country in temperate Australia have been improved through aerial distribution of herbicides, pesticides, seed, and fertiliser, which has increased animal production and helped to control weeds. Refinements detailed in this review could extend the use of these techniques to promote sustainable systems by the establishment of perennial pasture species on unploughed land. It is argued that the most urgent requirement is ensuring that aerial spraying is not abolished by government regulation in response to demands by specialist groups, because

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Stirling, G. R., and G. M. Lodge. "A survey of Australian temperate pastures in summer and winter rainfall zones: soil nematodes, chemical, and biochemical properties." Soil Research 43, no. 8 (2005): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05079.

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Data for soil nematode numbers, total microbial activity, microbial biomass carbon (C), and various soil chemical properties were collected from permanent and semi-permanent pastures at 108 locations in 2 contrasting environments: a summer rainfall zone in northern New South Wales (n = 60) and a winter rainfall zone in south-east South Australia and western Victoria (n = 48). Nematodes were also categorised according to their feeding habits and reproductive rates, and the abundance of various nematode groups was used to compute 3 indices that indicate the condition of the soil food web [enrich

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Widdup, Keith, Jaime Garcia, Juan Amadeo, Roque Guillen, and Daniel Real. "White clover cultivars developed for temperate regions of South America." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 12 (January 1, 2006): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.12.2006.3023.

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White clover is an important forage legume in temperate areas of South America but the common cultivars used are winter-active, profuse flowering types and only persist for 2-3 years due to frequent moisture stress and hot summer conditions. A breeding programme was initiated to develop new types for intensive dairy and extensive cattle grazed pastures. Wide scale screening and crossing of germplasm from international and local sources revealed the potential of Ladino and ladino x local cultivar material for use in intensive pastures with good soils and grazing management. Improved persistence

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Whalley, R. D. B., D. A. Friend, P. Sanford, and M. L. Mitchell. "Evaluation of native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures in temperate Australia: rationale and scope." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 1 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05004.

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The historical approach to pasture improvement in the high rainfall zone of temperate Australia has been to add introduced herbaceous legumes and to replace perennial native grasses with introduced species requiring high inputs of fertiliser for maintenance. The application of this high-input approach on land with low capability has lead to the loss of perennial grasses, erosion, soil acidification and increasing salinity on the lower slopes. This model of pasture improvement has not been successful on the margins of the wheat belt and in semi-arid regions. The Native and Low-input Grasses Net

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Vere, D. T., R. E. Jones, and P. M. Dowling. "Increasing the economic benefits from agricultural research: the case of enhancing the diffusion of a pasture weed technology." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 8 (2004): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03035.

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The process of enhancing the diffusion of a new technology attempts to shorten the time between the completion and adoption of an agricultural research programme, as well as to increase the overall level of adoption. The economic benefits of introducing a new technology are influenced by the technology development lag, the adoption lag and the maximum, or ceiling, level of adoption. Technology diffusion embodies these issues and concerns the uptake of a new technology across a population of potential adopters. Diffusion enhancement is now considered to be a desirable component of pasture resea

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Lodge, G. M. "Studies of soil seedbanks in native and sown pastures in northern New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 2 (2001): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01007.

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Total and germinable soil seedbanks (litter and soil) were studied for a native pasture and three sown pastures (dominated by Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirosa) in northern New South Wales from 1993 to 1996. Soil core samples were taken from continuously grazed plots for both pasture types and two oversown treatments in the native pasture and from a spring-autumn rest treatment at the sown pasture sites. At each site above ground herbage mass was also estimated regularly as part of the Temperate Pasture Sustainability Key Program. For all sites and treatments, the proportion of germinable seeds

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Ussher, G. R., and D. E. Hume. "Sustainable perennial pastures in Northland." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 77 (January 1, 2015): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.489.

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In the northern half of Northland, perennial ryegrassbased pastures have exhibited poor persistence. Nineteen tall fescue and ryegrass pastures in the region infected with either MaxP or AR37 fungal endophytes, respectively, had high levels of endophyte-infected tillers and low levels of contamination from wild endophytes. On surveyed farms, MaxP-infected tall fescue pastures had good contents of sown grass, which were higher than sown grass contents in AR37-infected ryegrass pastures, but on two far-north monitor farms these temperate grasses failed to compete with summer active C4 grasses su

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Skinner, R. Howard, Michael S. Corson, and Tagir G. Gilmanov. "Simulating Gross Primary Productivity of Humid-Temperate Pastures." Agronomy Journal 100, no. 3 (May 2008): AGJ2AGRONJ20070264. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2007.0264.

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Skinner, Howard. "Winter carbon dioxide fluxes in humid-temperate pastures." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 144, no. 1-2 (May 2007): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.01.010.

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Barnes, Phoebe, Brian R. Wilson, Mark G. Trotter, David W. Lamb, Nick Reid, Terry Koen, and Leopold Bayerlein. "The patterns of grazed pasture associated with scattered trees across an Australian temperate landscape: an investigation of pasture quantity and quality." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 2 (2011): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj10068.

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Scattered paddock trees occur across agricultural landscapes in Australia. However, in the temperate regions of Australia their numbers are rapidly declining and they may be lost across much of the landscape in 200 years. Here we examined the spatial distribution of green (GDB), senescent (SDB) and total (TDB) dry pasture biomass, and nutrient status of the GDB fraction around scattered Eucalyptus trees on three parent materials (basalt, granite and meta-sediment) in native and sown pastures across a range of grazed temperate landscapes in northern New South Wales. We used a combination of des

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King, W. McG, P. M. Dowling, D. L. Michalk, D. R. Kemp, G. D. Millar, I. J. Packer, S. M. Priest, and J. A. Tarleton. "Sustainable grazing systems for the Central Tablelands of New South Wales. 1. Agronomic implications of vegetation - environment associations within a naturalised temperate perennial grassland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 4 (2006): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04039.

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Temperate perennial grass-based pastures dominate the high rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia and support a major livestock production industry. This area has experienced a recent change in overall pasture condition, however, typified by a reduction in the abundance of perennial grasses and an increasingly prominent winter-annual grass weed component. Improving the condition and productivity of these pastures can be achieved by improved management but this requires better knowledge of the interactions between management options and pasture species composition and of the interaction betwe

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Ates, Serkan. "194 Sustainable Livestock Production from Phytochemically Diversified Pastures." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.172.

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Abstract Agricultural systems must increase productivity while conserving the natural resource base and optimizing ecosystem services to meet the converging challenges posed by a growing human population, increasing costs of production inputs, and widespread environmental degradation. Thus, sustainability concerns justify the needs for readjustment of pasture strategies and redefining the role of forages in livestock production. The function of forages in pasture-based livestock systems needs to be broaden beyond their agronomic and animal nutrition benefits. Specifically, the potential of bio

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Bowen, M. K., D. P. Poppi, and S. R. McLennan. "Ruminal protein degradability of a range of tropical pastures." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 7 (2008): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07414.

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The rumen degradability parameters of the diet selected by two to four oesophageal-fistulated Brahman steers grazing a range of tropical pastures were determined by incubation of extrusa in nylon bags suspended in the rumen of rumen-fistulated (RF) Brahman steers. The effective protein degradability (Edg) was determined by measuring the rate of disappearance of neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) less acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) in the incubated extrusa. Six to eight RF steers also grazed each of the pastures along with the oesophageal-fistulated steers, to allow determina

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Simpson, Richard J., Alan E. Richardson, Shirley N. Nichols, and James R. Crush. "Pasture plants and soil fertility management to improve the efficiency of phosphorus fertiliser use in temperate grassland systems." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 6 (2014): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13395.

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Phosphorus (P) fertilisers are important for productivity in many grassland systems. Phosphorus is a non-renewable and finite resource, and there are environmental and economic reasons for using P more effectively. We review the P balance of temperate pastures to identify the factors contributing to inefficient use of P fertiliser and discuss ways to improve P-balance efficiency. Immediate gains can be made by ensuring that P fertiliser inputs are managed to ensure that the plant-available P concentrations of soil do not exceed the minimum concentration associated with maximum pasture producti

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Lowe, K. F., T. M. Bowdler, N. D. Casey, and R. J. Moss. "Performance of temperate perennial pastures in the Australian subtropics 1. Yield, persistence and pasture quality." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 6 (1999): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98021.

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Summary. Irrigated, pure stands of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Yatsyn), prairie grass (Bromus willdenodii cv. Matua) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea cv. AU Triumph) were compared with Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum cv. Concord) under grazing in the subtropics of south-east Queensland. Pastures were fertilised with 50 kg nitrogen/ha . month as urea and annual dressings of 20 kg phosphorus/ha and 50 kg potassium/ha (as superphosphate and muriate of potash, respectively). There were 4 pasture treatments grazed by multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows at 3 cows/ha in a 1-week-on, 3-

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Yates, Michelle L., Heloise Gibb, and Nigel R. Andrew. "Habitat characteristics may override climatic influences on ant assemblage composition: a study using a 300-km climatic gradient." Australian Journal of Zoology 59, no. 5 (2011): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo11096.

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We assessed the relative importance of a variety of climatic and habitat variables in structuring ant communities along a 300-km climatic gradient. Sampling was conducted in semiarid, transitional and cool temperate climatic zones in New South wales, Australia. Ants were sampled at three paired sites of two habitats (pastures and conservation ‘remnants’) in each of the climatic zones (herein referred to as ‘zones’) using pitfall traps. Remnants represented original open forests, while pastures were a mix of grassland vegetation and cleared woodland. We tested the effects of habitat type, regio

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Miguel, M. F., R. Delagarde, and H. M. N. Ribeiro-Filho. "Corn silage supplementation for dairy cows grazing annual ryegrass at two pasture allowances." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 71, no. 3 (June 2019): 1037–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9795.

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ABSTRACT Corn silage supplementation for dairy cows grazing in temperate annual pastures has rarely been investigated. The aim of this study is to compare two supplementation levels (0 and 4kg dry matter [DM]/day of a 7:1 mixture of corn silage and soybean meal) in dairy cows strip-grazing annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at two pasture allowances (PA, low= 25 and high = 40kg DM/d at ground level). The study was carried out according to an incomplete 4 × 3 Latin square design, using 12 cows and three experimental periods of 12 days. The green leaves allowances were only 4.9 and 8.5kg

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Ayres, J. F., R. W. Dicker, M. J. McPhee, A. D. Turner, R. D. Murison, and P. G. Kamphorst. "Post-weaning growth of cattle in northern New South Wales. 1. Grazing value of temperate perennial pasture grazed by cattle." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 7 (2001): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00096.

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This paper describes the botanical components, seasonal herbage mass, and nutritive value of pastures used for post-weaning growth of CRC cattle at Glen Innes before their progression to subsequent finishing and meat quality studies. The pastures under study comprised introduced temperate perennial species (tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea; phalaris, Phalaris aquatica; perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne; cocksfoot,Dactylis glomerata; white clover, Trifolium repens; and red clover, Trifolium pratense) grazed by yearling cattle and managed according to local practice to maintain herbage mass bet

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Descalzi, Constanza A., Ignacio F. López, Peter D. Kemp, José Dörner, and Iván Ordóñez. "Pasture restoration improvement methods for temperate degraded pastures and consequences of the climatic seasonality on soil–pasture complex." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 206, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jac.12368.

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Vickery, P. J., M. J. Hill, and G. E. Donald. "Satellite derived maps of pasture growth status: association of classification with botanical composition." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 5 (1997): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97014.

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Summary. Spectral data from the green, red and near-infrared bands of Landsat MSS and Landsat TM satellite imagery acquired in mid-spring were classified into 3 and 6 pasture growth classes respectively. The classifications were compared with a site database of botanical composition for the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales to examine the association between spectral growth class and pasture composition. Pastures ranged in composition from unimproved native perennial grasses through semi-improved mixtures of native and naturalised grasses and legumes to highly improved temperate perennial

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Johnston, W. H. "The place of C4grasses in temperate pastures in Australia." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 4 (December 1996): 527–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1996.9513213.

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