Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Température de transition vitreuse"
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Jarrousse, Gauthier. "Adhésion des polymères semi-cristallins entre leur température de transition vitreuse et leur température de fusion". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001099.
Texto completo da fonteSekkat, Anas. "Comportement micromécanique de systèmes vitreux de nature différente autour de la température de transition vitreuse : approche expérimentale et modélisation". Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0092.
Texto completo da fonteA real understanding of the rheological properties of vitreous systems and their evolution with temperature requires, as much as possible, a very precise knowledge of their structure. With this purpose, an experimental study has been carried out on a set of vitreous systems through their glass transition temperature in order to better understand the effect of the structure (kind and directivity of bonds) An original spectrometric method have led to experiments in the frequency range from 10-5 to 5Hz and in the temperature domain from 100K to 1500K. Concurrently, a physical analysis is also original and is based on new concepts developed in our laboratory. These concepts enable the description of the viscoelastic behaviour in a large domain of time and temperature, with experimentally accessible parameters, which physical meaning is clearly defined. Thus, above the glass transition Tg, in the liquid state, the characteristic time defining the molecular mobility either can be very dependent on the temperature or can vary slowly with temperature. The type of behaviour depends the content of glass modifiers or on chemical nature of bonds, i. E. The nature of forces assuming the cohesion of the glass former
Corniglion, Isabelle. "Synthèse et propriétés de revêtements polyuréthane pour film polyester". Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0049.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this work is to synthesize a polyurethane coating for polyester film to facilitate their processing. The polyurethanes (PU)are chemically cross linked and contain a small amount of siloxane additives which are expected to give sliding properties to the products. Initially, the PU is synthesized without siloxane and the bulk properties, glass transition temperature and dynamic mechanical properties, are studied. The products were found to be homogeneous. The surface properties are characterized by measuring the surface tension and the friction factor. These two parameters are studied as a function of the chemical composition and the bulk properties of the PU. The modification of the surface properties is obtained by the incorporation of siloxane additives in the form of a copolymer. These additives are covalently bound to the network. We studied the influence of the chemical structure comparing the results obtained with a polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS, and a polyphenylmethylsiloxane, PPMS. The influence of the PDMS chain length and the PDMS chain mobility is studied. The measure of the atomic compositions at the surface and of the contact angles between the polymer and water, indicate a siloxane surface enrichment with siloxane concentrations as low as 0. 5% by weight. We found that the friction factors are connected to the bulk and surface properties, and the morphology of the polymers
Jorat, Luc. "Propriétés électriques et diélectriques des liquides organiques refroidis jusqu'à leur température de transition vitreuse". Saint-Etienne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STET4015.
Texto completo da fonteDasriaux, Marion. "Evolutions microstructurales du PEEK au-dessus de sa température de transition vitreuse lors de maintiens sous pression et température". Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786016.
Texto completo da fonteCamelio, Philippe. "Corrélation structure-propriétés : le modèle EVM prédiction de la température de transition vitreuse de polymères amorphes". Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30109.
Texto completo da fonteNakheli, Abdelrhani. "Surfusion, cristallisation et vitrification des systèmes eau - propanediol 1, 2 à basse température". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10279.
Texto completo da fonteJabrane, Saïd. "Influence de la composition, de la température et du temps sur la fonction enthalpique du verre". Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0011.
Texto completo da fonteThe enthalpic representation of glass using pressure and temperature only is not very satisfactory since it leads to contradictions like the Kauzmann paradox. The question raised therefore is that of the thermodynamic variables necessary to properly characterize the glassy state. To answer this question, we studied in a first stage the variations of the glass transition temperature Tg of propanediol 1. 2 and glycerol as a function of heating and cooling rates using DSC. The results showed that the glass transition is reversible in equilibrium conditions (zero heating and cooling rates). Then, the study of the influence of thermal annealing on the enthalpy of the glycerol glass was carried out. The DSC study revealed an enthalpic effect (exothermic) during annealing. This effect was attributed to a physico-chemical transformation involving molecular associations. Therefore, the thermodynamic properties of glass are a function, not only of temperature and pressure, but also of the extent of transformation of the latter transformation. On this view, the fictive temperature, largely used in literature, is the expression in terms of temperature of the extent of transformation. The thermodynamic origin of glass was further emphasized in the study of the variations of Tg with composition in two out of equilibrium phase diagrams (glycerol-propanediol 1. 2 and glycerol-water). Finally, the construction of the out of equilibrium phase diagram composed of the two propanediol 1. 2 enantiomers suggested that liquids (such as propanediol 1. 2) for which crystallization is impossible or very difficult are very likely mixtures of several molecular forms. The reason why they do not crystallize is therefore structural and not kinetic
Roynard, Denis. "Étude des propriétés viscoélastiques de quelques liquides moléculaires en fonction de la pression et de la température : application à la lubrification". Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4447.
Texto completo da fonteKhalloufi, Seddik. "La température de transition vitreuse, une nouvelle approche pour prédire et optimiser la qualité des produits lyophilisés". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ66319.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBerriot, Julien. "Existence et rôle d'un gradient de température de transition vitreuse sur les propiétés mécaniques d'un élastomère renforcé". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066025.
Texto completo da fonteBorgna, Thomas. "Études des propriétés de composite à matrice thermoplastique thermostable au-delà de leur température de transition vitreuse". Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3020/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe present study shows and analyses the specifications of a semi-crystalline thermoplastic composite as function of temperature, below and above the glass transition. In order to assess and discuss about what extent this material could be innovately use, objective facts must be necessary exposed: the main target is to give the outlooks about the temperature range, in particular the high temperatures. The studied material is a continuous carbon fibre composite with a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) matrix. Its glass transition temperature is around 143°C. It has been characterized throughout a wide temperature range.For several kinds of quasi-static loadings, the load transfer from the matrix to the fibre reinforcement is good even above the glass transition temperature. The compression strength is indeed very interesting for an aeronautical application. In addition, the fracture surface analysis have significantly revealed a different behaviour above the glass transition temperature: the matrix is more ductile and thus the crack propagation is limited thanks to the energy dissipation. However when the mechanical response is driven by the matrix behaviour such as shear loadings, the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of the composite are highly increased. Therefore the time-dependent behaviours have been characterized by using creep experiments and loading-unloading tensile tests as function of the temperature.In order to predict those non-linear behaviours, meso-models have been developed as function of the temperature. Thus viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity have been taken into account to model the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of the composite material, thanks to creep-recovery tests which have been carried out with a torsion rheometer
Souahi, Abdelhalmid. "Étude de la plasticité des polymères amorphes au voisinage de la température de transition vitreuse : application au PMMA". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL130N.
Texto completo da fonteRibierre, Jean-Charles. "Etude corrélée des propriétés rhéologiques diélectriques et optiques non-linéaires de polymères photoréfractifs à basse température de transition vitreuse". Strasbourg 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13029.
Texto completo da fonteBondeau, André. "Contribution à l'étude de la viscosité des milieux denses désordonnés dans la zone de transition vitreuse : critique de la relation de Vogel-Fulcher". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19005.
Texto completo da fonteSt-Onge, Vincent. "Interprétation microscopique de l'émergence des verres moléculaires : un pont entre l'expérience et la simulation". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10441.
Texto completo da fonteMajerus, Odile. "Etudes structurales de verres d'oxyde en conditions de haute température ou de haute pression". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066549.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Grand Arnaud. "Etude de la dynamique de différents liquides surfondus par diffusion de la lumière à température et pression variables". Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077148.
Texto completo da fonteNguyen, Ngoc Quynh Giao. "Caractérisation par RMN du carbone-13 de la microstructure des polymères acryliques et relation avec leurs températures de transition vitreuse". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10184.
Texto completo da fontePiovesan, Victor. "Relations composition – structure – propriétés des verres peralumineux pour le conditionnement des déchets nucléaires". Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2064/document.
Texto completo da fontePart of the Research and Development program concerning high level nuclear waste conditioning aims to assess new glass formulations able to incorporate a high waste content with enhanced properties in terms of homogeneity, thermal stability, long term behavior and process ability. This study focuses on peraluminous glasses, defined by an excess of aluminum ions Al³⁺ in comparison with modifier elements such as Na⁺, Li⁺ or Ca²⁺. A Design of Experiment approach has been employed to determine relationships between composition of simplified peraluminous glasses (SiO2 – B2O3 – Al2O3 – Na2O – Li2O – CaO – La2O3) and their physical properties such as viscosity, glass transition temperature and glass homogeneity. Moreover, some structural investigation (NMR) was performed in order to better understand the structural role of Na⁺, Li⁺ and Ca²⁺ and the structural organization of peraluminous glasses. Then, physical and chemical properties of fully simulated peraluminous glasses were characterized to evaluate transposition between simplified and fully simulated glasses and also to put forward the potential of peraluminous glasses for nuclear waste containment
Desprez, Sylvain. "Transformation de phases induites par broyage dans un composé moléculaire : l'indométhacine". Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-181-182.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLa nature de ces états stationnaires est le résultat de la compétition entre un processus balistique, qui dépend de l'intensité du forçage extérieur; et un processus de restauration, thermiquement activé. Cette approche théorique, initialement proposée pour décrire les évolutions des alliages métalliques sous irradiation, a été ensuite étendue au broyage mécanique. Elle semble applicable aux composés organiques, à condition de tenir compte des évolutions propres de la dynamique moléculaire dans ces matériaux, en particulier dans le domaine de la transition vitreuse. Par ailleurs, nous avons mis en évidence la possibilité de manipuler mécaniquement l'état de vieillissement du verre. Des analyses. Microstructurales suggèrent que l'on puisse générer, par broyage, des amorphes différents recristallisant dans différentes variétés polymorphiques. Une image structurale de ce po1yamorphisme, reliée' à la présence de liaisons hydrogène dans ce système, est proposée
Ouellet-Léveillé, Clément. "Étude et optimisation des opérations de mise en forme courbée de conduits en matériaux composites thermodurcissables". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/97.
Texto completo da fonteMathew, Allen. "Photothermal studies on cryoprotectant media". Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0478/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe construction, calibration and application of a new low temperature instrument based on a photothermal technique called photo pyroelectricity (PPE) is described in this manuscript. The samples we studied using the new PPE instrument were glycerol, 1,2 propanediol and their binary mixtures with water. These liquids are well known cryoprotectants (CPAs) used in cryopreservation, which is a technique to preserve the living cells and tissues from biological degradation by cooling to sub zero temperatures. The ultimate goal in cryopreservation is to avoid or control the ice formation and attain a glassy or amorphous state.The rate of cooling and heating and the concentration of the CPAs used are the key parameters that determine the ice formation. Therefore, studying the temperature dependent thermal properties especially near their glass transition temperature (Tg) of the binary solutions of CPAs with water at different concentrations are highly important to understand their behavior while cooling. The PPE technique was used to study the effusity and the ∝ relaxation time near the glass transition phenomenon. The Tg and fragility (m) were determined from the PPE data using the Havriliak Negami model. The glassy state has a characteristic property of very high viscosity, of the order of 10¹² Pa.s at Tg. The Tg and m can be calculated from the temperature evolution of viscosity or from Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Therefore, viscosity and DSC studies were conducted on the samples and were compared with PPE data
Lucas, Frédéric. "Oligomères dihydroxytéléchéliques à basse Tg et stabilité accrue : élaboration par métathèse et optimisation des propriétés pour application dans le domaine spatial". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR11400/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe work reported in the following document is aiming at maintaining the good mechanical properties of diHydroxyTelechelic PolyButadiene HTPB while improving its stability. The major challenge of this approach is that the unsaturations responsible for the outstanding flexibility of the material are also rather sensitive to oxidation. The solutions presented in this study are based on the use of metathesis reactions as a tool for the design of new difunctional unsaturated oligomers. Two functionalization techniques have been investigated, on the one hand, the Ring Opening Methathesis Polymerisation (ROMP) and, on the other hand, the depolymerisation via Acyclic Diene METathesis (ADMET). Although promising, the latters proved to fall into the vicious circle consisting in simultaneously increasing the stability while losing the flexibility. Finally, a blending concept based on the mixture of two dihydroxytelechelic polymers, namely, poly(isobutylene) and poly(butadiene), could enable us to achieve our initial goal. In addition to the chapters focusing on polymer chemistry and synthesis, a physical study of the parameters influencing the aging of unsaturated oligomers have been set-up and the properties relationship using measurements of the critical time
Pelisson, Bernard. "Vieillissement du polyamide-11 en présence d'huiles brutes et en température". Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES021.
Texto completo da fonteKriuchevskyi, Ivan. "Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of glass-forming polymers in the bulk and thin films : molecular dynamics study of model systems". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE044/document.
Texto completo da fonteFocusing on the equilibrium shear modulus Geq of well-known glass-forming polymer model system (sampled by means of MD), we have addressed the general question of how the mechanical properties of the thin polymer films differs from the bulk. Using ”stress fluctuation” formalism we obtained Geq(T) for the bulk and films. It has been demonstrated that in both cases Geq unambiguously separates the fluid state (Geq = 0) from the glass (Geq > 0). We also stressed that Geq for the film does not only depend on film thickness h, but also on tangential pressure that is a consequence of the film preparation procedure
Lefevre, Alexandre. "États métastables dans les systèmes désordonnés : des verres de spins aux". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003321.
Texto completo da fonteDans une première partie, les propriétés dynamiques essentielles des modèles de verres de spins en champ-moyen sont passées en revues. La notion d'état métastable est ensuite discutée, ainsi que le lien avec la perte d'ergodicité dans la phase vitreuse. Enfin, plusieurs méthodes numériques et analytiques permettant de calculer l'entropie configurationnelle sont exposées en détail.
La seconde partie traite des états métastables dans les milieux granulaires. Un algorithme de "tapping" y est introduit, permettant d'obtenir un modèle paradigmatique pour l'étude des systèmes granulaires vibrés, partiellement accessible analytiquement. Le scénario proposé par Edwards selon lequel dans l'état stationnaire tous les états métastables sont visités avec la même probabilité est testée sur plusieurs modèles. L'étude de modèles unidimensionnels permet de comprendre la validité de cette approche aux grandes densités, alors que l'étude de modèles sur des graphes aléatoires montre que la mesure d'Edwards permet de décrire de façon précise des phénomènes non triviaux comme des transitions de phase. Enfin, des tests permettant de vérifier expérimentalement cette approche sont proposés.
Aufray, Maëlenn. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des interphases époxyde-amine / oxyde ou hydroxyde métallique, et de leurs constituants". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011759.
Texto completo da fonteLefevre, Alexandre. "Etats métastables dans les systèmes vitreux : des verres de spins aux milieux granulaires". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30070.
Texto completo da fonteArialdi, Gianluigi. "Contribution de la simulation sur ordinateur à l'interprétation d'expériences spectroscopiques sondant la dynamique locale de fondus de polymères". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211289.
Texto completo da fonteUne contribution à l'étude de la dynamique des polymères non enchevêtrés à l'état fondu est apportée, en se focalisant sur les aspects de dynamique locale d'un polymère particulier déjà fort étudié expérimentalement et par simulation, à savoir le polyéthylène.
Néanmoins, plusieurs nouveaux résultats spécifiques à cette macromolécule linéaire ou ayant une portée sur les fondus de polymères en général sont obtenus grâce à une approche présentant plusieurs aspects originaux.
Notre étude par simulation de la phase liquide du polyéthylène est menée sur une large gamme de températures. La nouveauté principale à ce sujet est l'attention particulière portée à la qualité d'équilibration des échantillons à chaque température. A cette fin, des techniques sophistiquées d'échantillonnage Monte Carlo, mises au point récemment, ont été utilisées pour générer des configurations initiales, la phase de polyéthylène à l'état fondu ainsi obtenue pouvant être stable ou métastable. Un programme original de Dynamique Moléculaire a par ailleurs été écrit, en incorporant diverses procédures d'optimisation adaptées au cas du polyéthylène représenté par un modèle atomistique.
Des observables de diffusion quasi-élastique de neutrons et de résonance magnétique nucléaire sont analysées sur base d'une combinaison linéaire continue d'exponentielles, dont les poids sont donnés par une distribution des temps de relaxation. Cette méthode permet de mieux mettre en évidence les différents processus de relaxation sondés, en évitant les biais induits par un choix particulier de forme analytique servant à une procédure d'ajustement.
Ayant participé à une expérience de spectroscopie par temps de vol de neutrons, un schéma commun d'analyse est adopté pour les données expérimentales et de simulation concernant le polyéthylène à 450 K. D'autre part, une étude très fouillée de l'évolution de la fonction de diffusion intermédiaire incohérente vers les températures plus basses, suivie par simulation, a permis de distinguer différents processus dynamiques et de déterminer parfois leur origine moléculaire.
Ces résultats sont combinés à une analyse de la fonction d'auto corrélation d'orientation d'un vecteur C-H en termes d'une description microscopique des processus dynamiques, proposée lors d'une étude récente de fondus de polyéthylène par résonance magnétique nucléaire du 13C. Deux approches complémentaires sont exploitées afin de révéler les caractéristiques essentielles des deux types de relaxation impliqués.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bouti, Salima. "Etude du vieillissement thermique à long terme du PET : application à l'isolation électrique dans des disjoncteurs haute tension". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL017N.
Texto completo da fonteFor insulating application, AREVA has chosen PET (polyethylene terephthalate) to substitute the epoxy resin as material for insulators in High Voltage Gas Insulated Substation. The main problem of this application is the fact that in operating conditions, the temperature of the PET plates would reach even exceed its glass transition [70°C-80°C]. The material undergoes aging phenomena which affect the temperature-dependent properties. The current investigation aims at observing and analyzing the gradual evolution of the mechanical, morphological and dielectric properties during thermal aging. To reach this goal, semi crystalline PET samples have been aged under vacuum at different temperatures i.e. 60°C, 80°C, 115°C and 125°C for various periods of time (until 12 months). The characterizations have been performed using several techniques: Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), wide and small angle X-ray scattering (WAXS/SAXS), thermo-mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile test and morphological observation.The DSC measurements show that the crystallinity ratio increases with temperature and time of aging. The glass transition has increased. However no significant changes have been seen on the melting temperature. The DMA results agree with the DSC measurement in so far as it has revealed an expected increase of the Young modulus for all the samples studied. Significant differences have been observed using X-ray scattering: while the crystallinity ratio did increase, the long period has decreased specially for the case of aging at 115 and 125°C. The DMA measurements showed an almost stable glass transition around 80°C but an increase for samples aged at 125°C. When the samples have been subjected to the tensile test, a significant brittleness rise has been noticed. In addition, the SEM has revealed the presence of important amount of nucleant agent (talc, SiO2, MgO …)
Baret, Guy. "Étude thermodynamique et expérimentale de mélanges d'oxydes à basse température de fluage pour l'électronique". Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0003.
Texto completo da fonteLuo, Yun Mei. "Modélisation thermo-visco-hyperélastique du comportement du PET dans les conditions de vitesse et de température du procédé de soufflage". Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1146/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe stretch blow moulding process for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles generates important modifications of the mechanical properties of the material as it can be shown in an identification study of the orthotropic and heterogeneous elastic properties in the 3D region of the petaloïd bottom of PET bottles. The main topic of this work deals with the modelling of the complex behaviour of the PET during the process that is managed at a temperature slightly above the glass transition temperature Tg. In this range of temperature and considering the high strain rates involved during the process, large changes in the material morphology can be observed and the goal of this work is to propose a visco hyperelastic model to predict the PET behaviour under these severe conditions: large deformations, high strain rate… An original procedure is proposed to manage the identification of the material properties from the experimental data of recent biaxial elongation tests. On the other hand, effects of temperature are of fundamental importance during the injection stretch blow moulding process of PET bottles. Near Tg small variations of temperature have great influence on physical properties: an accurate prediction of the initial temperature field generated by the infrared heating is proposed. Also, the important viscous dissipation induces self-heating of the material during the process which is necessary to be taken into account during the numerical simulation. The identification of the thermal parameters is achieved by an experimental infrared heating study. The global thermo mechanical model is implemented and numerical simulations are managed using the finite element method to solve the free blowing of PET preforms
Pedoto, Giuseppe. "Characterization and Modelling of the Thermomechanical and Ageing Behavior of PEKK and C/PEKK Composites for Aircraft Applications at High Temperatures (above the Glass Transition Temperature) Characterization of the mechanical behavior of PEKK polymer and C/PEKK composite materials for aeronautical applications below and above the glass transition temperature". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESMA0011.
Texto completo da fonteThe nowadays increased awareness towards environmental issues concerns aircraft structures in terms of environmental impact and end-of-life disposal. In this optics, the possibility of replacing in the organic matrix composites (CMO) employed for aircraft applications the non-recyclable thermosetting matrix with a recyclable thermoplastic one is investigated. Moreover, thermoplastic polymers, such PEKK, have the possibility of being employed in warmer structures (e.g. the aircraft pylon), undergoing long duration solicitations (creep).The service temperatures for those structures are higher than the PEKK glass transition temperature, provoking, in the material, a loss of properties deriving from a change of state from solid to rubber, and possibly the activation of crystallization and degradation phenomena, which could also interact. This work aims to identify and model the mechanisms characterizing PEKK behavior, under the structure operative service conditions. This is achieved from the analysis of the results of thermomechanical, physical-chemical and coupled thermomechanical/oxidation tests. The resulting 1-D analytical model of the PEKK behavior, is extended in 3-D and implemented in a multi-scale semi-analytical homogenization / localization method to simulate PEKK based composites under the same conditions, varying the plies orientation and stacking sequence
Berthier, Ludovic. "Dynamique forcée des systèmes vitreux : des verres de spin aux fluides complexes". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001364.
Texto completo da fonteIlioni, Alin. "Influence of seawater ageing on the behaviour of adhesives : a rapid characterization of the evolution of mechanical properties of bonded joints". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0110/document.
Texto completo da fonteMost of the adhesives used in the marine industry are polymers with a mechanical behaviour which is strongly influenced by environmental conditions (water activity or temperature). Therefore, it is important for engineers and designers to be able to consider these effects during the different stages of development and manufacturing of a bonded structure.The present work presents a method for analyzing the influence of water ageing on the behaviour of an epoxy adhesive in an adhesively bonded assembly.First, a viscoelastic-viscoplastic model is developed to characterise the mechanical response of the adhesive at initial state in a bonded joint using the modified Arcan device. The model is identified using the inverse identification method and the considered samples are tested at an unaged stage (no water activity). The results obtained after the identification process are used to predict the bulk behaviour of the adhesive. A comparison between numerical results and experimental tests realised on bulk specimens is then made in order to validate this first approach.In a second phase, in order to decrease the times for samples saturation, the evolution of the mechanical properties of the adhesive in bulk form is tested under different water ageing conditions (immersion in seawater and different relative humidity). The obtained results allowed to identify the evolution of the model parameters as a function of water content. In parallel, a diffusion model was developed to characterise the water ingress in the bonded joint. These two approaches are then combined to model the water profiles and to consider the evolution of mechanical properties of a water aged adhesively bonded assembly, for different immersion times. Finally, to validate the framework, the prediction is compared with experimental tests performed on aged specimens
Andreanov, Alexei. "Transition vitreuse et dynamique lente". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004553.
Texto completo da fonteSausset, François. "Transition vitreuse et frustration géométrique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358306.
Texto completo da fonteLa frustration pouvant être contrôlée, son influence sur le ralentissement visqueux a pu être caractérisée et nous avons mis en évidence le lien direct entre fragilité, caractérisant la dépendance super-Arrhénienne en température du temps de relaxation, et frustration. La relative simplicité du modèle (mono-atomique et bi-dimensionnel) permet d'accéder à l'ordre local, à l'extension de celui-ci au travers de fonctions de corrélation appropriées ainsi que de l'identification et de la visualisation des défauts topologiques et d'étudier sa relation avec la dynamique de relaxation. L'extension de l'ordre local (hexagonal) semble contrôler le ralentissement visqueux, comme prédit par la théorie de la transition vitreuse en termes de frustration. L'étude d'une susceptibilité dynamique à quatre points nous a également permis de mettre en évidence la croissance de la longueur caractéristique liée aux hétérogénéités dynamiques lorsque la température baisse, comme observé expérimentalement dans les systèmes vitrifiables. De manière intéressante, les évolutions des deux longueurs dynamiques et structurales semblent se découpler à basse température.
Pinoteau, Nicolas. "Comportement des scellements chimiques d’armatures rapportées pour béton en situation d’incendie". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10023/document.
Texto completo da fonteRebar installation can be performed into cured concrete by bonding the rebar using polymer based adhesives. This technic allows a fast and easy structural gluing of rebars into already existing concrete structures. At ambient temperature, the load bearing capacity of these bonds is similar to the one of classic steel/concrete connections. However, studies show that the bond resistance drops rapidly with temperature. This research is part of the studies carried out by the CSTB on the evaluation of bonded rebars in a fire situation. The goal is to establish a design method in order to ensure structural safety in fire conditions. This project is divided into four main research activities.- The mechanical and physicochemical properties of the polymer adhesives are characterized with temperature. - Pull-out tests are performed on small concrete samples (160 x 250 mm) in which a rebar is bonded. Strain measurements are performed along the rebar on some tests in order to evaluate the effect of temperature on stress distribution - A theoretical study is carried out in support to experimental work by adapting the "Shear lag" model. The goal of this model is to describe stress profiles along the bond under thermal loading.- Finally, two types of validation tests are used to assess the accuracy of the model. One of these tests is performed on a full scale wall/cantilever connection thermally loaded with the ISO 834-1 fire curve
Bessada, Catherine. "Cristaux vitreux : symétrie et transition vitreuse". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112161.
Texto completo da fonteBessada, Catherine. "Cristaux vitreux symétrie et transition vitreuse /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602962w.
Texto completo da fonteWandersman, Elie. "Transition vitreuse de nanoparticules magnétiques en interaction". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193960.
Texto completo da fonteChebil, Mohamed Souheib. "Etude de films ultraminces de polystyrène par réflectivité des rayons X et ellipsométrie en fonction de leur exposition à du CO2". Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA1022/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this work is to study in-situ and ex-situ interaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with thin films of polystyrene and surfaces by two main techniques: the X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and ellipsometry.In this thesis, we address the study of the physical properties of polystyrene films (PS) in the confined state (thin films) and their evolution when exposed to CO2 pressure. We demonstrate by XRR and ellipsometry in the same films that the density and the refractive index increase when the film thickness decreases. We confirm the decrease of Tg for PS films of thickness less than 70 nm according to the empirical law of Keddie [1]. Both results could mean that ultrathin films have a certain organization of channels.We then discuss the behavior of PS ultra thin films exposed to CO2 as a function of CO2 pressure by XRR made at synchrotron radiation (ESRF ID10B line). We monitor in situ the swelling and deswelling of the 7 nm thin film thickness upon pressurization and depressurization of CO2. By calculating the evolution of the electron density in the film, we highlight the existence of a glass transition pressure Pg and a residual swelling due to the presence of CO2 molecules trapped inside the film [2].We propose then an ex-situ XRR study of swelling and kinetic of deswelling for PS swollen films. We observe that the thin films have a higher swelling and deswelling capacity compare to the thicker films. We note that this phenomenon is highly dependent to the depressurization rate. Indeed, we find that the rapid depressurization greatly enhances not only the swelling of the film, but also its deswelling over time. We then highlight that the rate of depressurization clearly governs the final state of swolen films, to say the metastable state or glassy state.Finally, we study the effect of film swelling by CO2 on the evolution of the glass transition temperature. This study is carried out mainly by ellipsometry. We show that these films which showed only a single Tg value before exposure, after exposure has three values of Tg completely independent of film thickness. By following the thickness evolution of these swollen films as a function of temperature, we offer answers that can explain the different Tg values observed. In addition, we highlight the existence of CO2 stored in these films. After annealing above 150 ° C, the films show the same behavior as before exposure to CO2 which is far from the equilibrium state of the bulk polymer. We confirm therefore the existence of strong restoring forces in ultrathin films that bring them back to their initial states of non-equilibrium. This result presents similarities to that concerning the evolution of the Tg due to confinement in ultrathin films before exposure
Abi, Aad Elizabeth. "Impact de la Détente Instantanée Contrôlée (DIC) sur l’extraction des molécules bioactives de rhizomes de Rheum ribes L". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS008.
Texto completo da fonteRheum ribes L. (rhubarb) is one of the most important Mediterranean medicinal plants. Preparing its rhizomes’ aqueous decoctions has become common among patients suffering from various diseases. Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) is a High-Temperature Short-Time treatment (HTST) followed by an abrupt pressure drop towards the vacuum (approximately 5 kPa). This technology increases the expansion and reduces the tortuosity of the treated matrix to ensure better diffusivity of the extraction solvents and greater availability of the active molecules. On the one hand, our research aimed at the impact of DIC treatment on the rhizomes of a Lebanese species of R. ribes L. The evaluations were based on the contents of total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) as well as the antioxidant capacities of aqueous extracts of the treated rhizomes. The results showed a negative correlation between the saturated steam pressure applied and the values of TPC, TFC, and the antioxidant activities of the samples. However, DIC treatment time had no significant influence on the response variables. In addition to these two DIC operating factors (pressure and treatment time), the effect of the rhizomes water content (W) was also studied. The results showed that the increase of “W” does not lead to better yields of phenolic compounds. On the other hand, this study presents the impact of DIC treatment on the biological activities (antibacterial and antiproliferative effects) of rhizome extracts. The results revealed that the aqueous extracts of DIC-treated rhizomes show weak antibacterial powers on E. coli and S. aureus, with slightly superior results in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus. Regarding the viability test of melanoma cancer cells, the results showed that the DIC treatment positively impacts the antiproliferative power of the treated samples compared with the untreated point (aqueous MP). In particular, two samples among those tested recorded an antiproliferative power of 60%. The HPLC and UHPLC assays revealed the presence of three anthraquinones (emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion) in the rhizome extracts and about twenty compounds from the flavonoid family. However, the amounts of anthraquinones detected are not significantly higher in the extracts treated with DIC than in the untreated ones. Finally, it was found that the total phenolic content of an aqueous sample treated with the optimal DIC parameters is equal to that of an untreated hydroalcoholic sample. Further experiments will be necessary to validate this result
Touya, Clément. "Etude de modeles dynamiques pour la transition vitreuse". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550224.
Texto completo da fonteBeaudoin, Alexandre. "Transition vitreuse du PMMA simulé massif et film". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4840.
Texto completo da fonteTouya, Clément. "Étude de modèles dynamiques pour la transition vitreuse". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1017/.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis details the study of dynamical models in the framework of the glass transition. A full understanding of this phenomenon is still eluding modern physics. By means of toy model's, we thus study some properties which are typical of this transition. For example, when you come close to the transition, the relaxation dynamic of the system slows down dramatically. In order to study those systems, truly out of equilibrium, the main paradigm we use in this thesis is the disordered systems. Indeed, under some circumstances, an analogie exists between a model with disorder, and a real system which exhibit a true structural glass transition. If the interaction is short ranged, the relaxation time can be linked to the diffusion constant of the medium. If it vanishes, we have then a crossover between a diffusive and a sub-diffusive regime. This dynamical transition is then similar to the glass transition. In this spirit, we focused on the study of dipoles diffusing in a random electrical field. In this model, the disorder is given by the random electrical potential which gives birth to the field, and the most natural choice is then to take a Gaussian statistic for the potential. In an adiabatique limit, where the dipole adapt instantaneously to the local field, the model just reduces to a particle diffusing in a squared Gaussian effective potential. We show here, exactly in one dimension, and through a renormalization group analysis in higher dimension, that the diffusion constant vanishes for a critical non-zero temperature where the dynamic get frozen like in real glass. We show also that beyond this adiabatique approximation, the transition remain at the same critical temperature in one dimension
Vest, Julien-Piera. "Dynamique vitreuse sur la sphère S2". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066670/document.
Texto completo da fonteWe are interested in the description of the dynamics of a supercooled liquid through the study of a model which relies on a simple geometrical ingredient. Starting from a monodisperse Lennard-Jones system on the euclidean plane, we add frustration by curving the space to form a sphere of arbitrary radius. Using a molecular dynamics algorithm, we showed that this system indeed behaves like a glassy liquid at equilibrium. The dynamics, caracterized by the self-intermediate scattering function $F_s(k,t)$, slows down strongly and changes shape at low temperature, for a small variation of the statics. The system behaves like a strong glass for high curvatures, but its fragility increases when the curvature decreases. The shape of $F_s(k,t)$ is also modified when the curvature decreases, which we tried to explain theoretically through the study of the mode coupling theory (MCT) on the sphere. We derived the dynamical equation of spherical MCT and studied the long time limit of its solution. We predict a dynamic transition similar to the one predicted by euclidean MCT, which does not allow us to explain the effect of curvature on $F_s(k,t)$, though the curvature has an influence on the value of the transition temperature. Finally, we studied the role of "defects", among which a minimal number of $12$ is imposed by topology. At low temperature, the defects tend to form linear structures, as predicted theoretically and observed in some experiments. The defects have a strong contribution in the relaxation; however, the role of other particles is not negligible
Sarlat, Thomas. "Un modèle de dimension finie pour la transition vitreuse". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066685.
Texto completo da fonteFaivre, Annelise. "Etude des phénomènes de relaxation associes a la transition vitreuse". Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0098.
Texto completo da fonteThe glass transition, which remains a central point in soft condensed-matter physics is revealed by relaxation processes covering a striking wide range of time. This phenomenon takes place in systems of very different chemical nature. In order to improve the understanding of glass transition, we investigate the molecular mobility of different systems on a wide temperature range from above (metastable liquid) to below Tg (out of equilibrium state). The chosen systems are Sorbitol, Maltitol (H-bonding molecular glasses), Poly(methyl methacrylate) (Van Der Walls macromolecular system) and LiCl,6H20 (H-bonding ionie glass). Using various spectroscopie techniques (very low frequency mechanical spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, neutron spin echo (ILL Grenoble), quasi-elastic neutron scattering (LLB, Saclay), DSC), the relaxational map of these systems was characterized on very large frequency and temperature ranges. The results obtained reveal: -the principal a relaxation, exhibiting a complex dynamic behavior with a change around Tg, - and a secondary relaxation, with an Arrhenius behavior on a large temperature range. Up to date, it cannot be clearly pointed out in LiCl,6H20. We interpret the strong temperature dependence of the a-relaxation process by considering a correlated hierarchy of elementary motions (~process). We investigate the evolution of the electronic density nanofluctuations as a function of temperature and microstructural state, by means of SAXS (ESRF Grenoble), in order to relate this molecular mobility above and below the glass transition temperature to the state of disorder. The description of the entire a process involves the variation of the correlation effects with the state of disorder (i. E. With temperature), and a change in the dynamic of the β-process, due to the variation of the intermolecular contribution of the activation energy, in the coup ling range of α and β processes