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Zhang, Tengfei, Yang Song e Jun Yang. "Relationships between urbanization and CO2 emissions in China: An empirical analysis of population migration". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 8 (18 de agosto de 2021): e0256335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256335.
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China’s announcement of its goal of carbon neutrality has increased the practical significance of research on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that result from urbanization. With a comprehensive consideration of population migration in China, this study examines the impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions based on provincial panel data from 2000 to 2012. Two indicators (resident population and household registration population) are used to measure urbanization rate. The results reveal that the impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions in China is closely correlated with the structure of urban resident population and interregional population migration. The estimation results are still robust by using generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator and two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimator. The proportion of temporary residents is introduced as a proxy variable for population migration. The panel threshold model regression results show that the proportion of temporary residents has a marginal effect on the relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions. In regions with a higher proportion of temporary residents, the positive effects of resident population urbanization on CO2 emissions tend to be weaker. These findings are consistent with the theories of ecological modernization and urban environmental transition. This paper makes suggestions on China’s urbanization development model and countermeasures are proposed to minimize the CO2 emissions caused by urbanization.
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Smart, P. St J. "“Ordinarily Resident”: Temporary Presence and Prolonged Absence". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 38, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1989): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/38.1.175.
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Beenstock, Michael. "Failure to Absorb: Remigration by Immigrants into Israel". International Migration Review 30, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1996): 950–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839603000404.
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Hypotheses about remigration by immigrants are investigated using longitudinal data from the 1970s for immigrants to Israel. The main finding is that experience of unemployment during the first year in Israel does not, on the whole, help predict subsequent remigration. The propensity to remigrate varies inversely with age for most groups, and it increases if the immigrant has not acquired permanent housing. Immigrants on temporary resident visas are naturally more prone to remigrate in the short run. The well-educated and the young are more likely to be temporary residents.
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Charles-Edwards, Elin, Martin Bell, Radoslaw Panczak e Jonathan Corcoran. "A Framework for Official Temporary Population Statistics". Journal of Official Statistics 36, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2020-0001.
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AbstractThere is considerable demand for official statistics on temporary populations to supplement statistics on resident and working populations. Progress has been slow, with temporary population statistics not part of the standard suite of measures produced by national statistical offices. This article adopts the framework for official statistics proposed by Raymer and colleagues as a guide to aspects relating to society, concepts, data, processing, outputs and validation. The article proposes a conceptual framework linking temporary population mobility, defined as a move more than one night in duration that does not entail a change in usual residence, and temporary populations. Using Australia as an example, we discuss various dimensions of temporary mobility that complicate its measurement. We then report the outcomes of a survey of user needs for temporary population statistics along with a desktop review of OECD countries to identify the best formulation of temporary population statistics, and current international practice respectively. The article concludes by proposing two related concepts for temporary populations: population present and person-time, which overcome a number of issues currently impeding progress in this area and discuss their potential implementation.
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Kurajian, Olivia A. "Shackled by Her Condition: A Comparison of American and Canadian Spousal Sponsorships and Conditional Permanent Residency". International Journal of Canadian Studies 62 (1 de julho de 2024): 119–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ijcs-2023-0013.
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This paper analyzes the similarities and differences between Canadian conditional permanent resident status, which was recently repealed in 2017, and the current American approach to conditional lawful permanent residency. The paper engages in an analysis of how Canadian and American “permanent residency” status has often been shockingly temporary. The author argues that conditional permanent residency shackles immigrant women into abusive relationships while failing to adequately dissuade marriages of convenience or “sham” marriages.
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Maly, Elizabeth, e Tamiyo Kondo. "From Temporary to Permanent: Mississippi Cottages After Hurricane Katrina". Journal of Disaster Research 8, n.º 3 (1 de junho de 2013): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2013.p0495.
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On Aug. 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the southern coast of the United States, causing the most damage of any disaster in the country’s history. Faced with a need for housing relief that overwhelmed all expectations, and failures and criticisms surrounding FEMA’s use of trailers as temporary housing, the Alternative Housing Pilot Project (AHPP) was created to explore better options. Designed as a temporary-topermanent post disaster housing solution, the Mississippi Cottages were created though theMississippi Alternative Housing Project (MAHP), 1 of the 5 AHPP projects, as replacement temporary housing for residents of FEMA trailers several years after Katrina. Due to strong local resistance to the Cottages, along with issues of affordability, few temporary Cottage residents were able to keep them for permanent housing, and the implementation of the program failed to provide long term affordable housing to a large group of disaster survivors who most needed it. However, the Mississippi Cottages have high levels of resident satisfaction, represent significant potential as a temporaryto-permanent housing form and demonstrate flexibility in the way they have been reused as affordable housing by a number of different organizations and individuals.
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Yarotska, Tetiana. "TAX RESIDENCE ISSUES FOR UKRAINIAN EMPLOYEES WORKING ABROAD". Наукові праці Міжрегіональної Академії управління персоналом. Економічні науки, n.º 2 (74) (17 de maio de 2024): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32689/2523-4536/74-14.
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The tax resident status creates unlimited tax liabilities for individual in Ukraine. Today the war in Ukraine changes the employment of Ukrainians dramatically. Many Ukrainian enterprises have been forced to relocate business to other regions or states and have changed how their business is conducted (e.g. Ukrainian airlines relocated aircrafts and crew to other countries). This temporary dislocation of people can have tax consequences for those individuals and the businesses for which they work. In the article criterions of tax residency are researched and defined loopholes that may lead to tax residence avoidance or, contrary, may create a risk of dual residence conflict for the Ukrainian nationals, especially during the war time. It is proposed to widen the criterions of tax residency during the martial law in Ukraine for the proper definition of the tax residence of Ukrainians who stay abroad more than 183 days during the calendar year, but hold the center of vital interests in Ukraine.
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Chu, Jian Yu, e Dan Xiang Ma. "Study on Hierarchical Indices of Emergency Facilities in Resident Emergency Congregate Shelter". Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (março de 2013): 2492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2492.
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Resident emergency congregate shelters are divided into three kinds. To meet temporary refuge need, the short-term resident emergency congregate shelter should be equipped with short-term refuge and basic living facilities. Mid-term resident emergency congregate shelter is outfitted with concentrated assistant facilities to provide accommodations within 30 days and medical assistance. Long-term resident emergency congregate shelter should be configured comprehensive facilities to ensure accommodations more than 30 days and part of emergency rescue functions.
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McMillan, Kate. "‘Affective integration’ and access to the rights of permanent residency: New Zealanders resident in Australia post-2001". Ethnicities 17, n.º 1 (24 de julho de 2016): 103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796816656675.
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What impact does access to the rights associated with formal permanent residency status have on immigrants’ sense of integration in their country of residence? I explore this question with a focus on ‘affective integration’, an original measure developed to refer to immigrants’ sense of belonging, recognition, equality, optimism and loyalty in, or to, their country of residence. Original data are drawn from an online survey and a series of in-depth interviews with New Zealanders resident in Australia. As some survey respondents were affected by 2001 changes that withdrew New Zealanders’ entitlements to welfare and citizenship in Australia and others were not, levels of ‘affective integration’ among the two groups were able to be compared. The data reveal that many New Zealanders without access to the welfare and citizenship entitlements associated with permanent resident status had a highly ambivalent sense of affective integration in Australia. Many reported being economically, socially and culturally well integrated in Australia but also reported strong feelings of exclusion, rejection, exploitation and discrimination. They identified these feelings as being the result of their ineligibility for welfare assistance and citizenship acquisition. For some such migrants, these feelings have led to a decision to migrate back to New Zealand in the near future. For others, however, a high degree of structural integration into Australian society has deterred return migration, creating a significant population of long-term residents whose generally favourable structural integration into Australia is undermined by their growing sense of disadvantage, marginalisation and exclusion. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between access to the rights of permanent residency and affective integration. They also contribute empirical data to policy debates about the consequences of treating those who move under human mobility regimes as temporary migrants.
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Yang, Yang. "Study of Improving the Management System of Temporary Resident Population". Current Urban Studies 01, n.º 04 (2013): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cus.2013.14019.
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Back, Andreas. "Temporary resident evil? Managing diverse impacts of second-home tourism". Current Issues in Tourism 23, n.º 11 (25 de maio de 2019): 1328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1622656.
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Sabet, Fatemeh, Barbara Gauthier, Muddassir Siddiqui, Amanda Wilmer, Natalie Prystajecky, Pamela Rydings, Michele Andrews e Sue Pollock. "COVID-19 outbreak in a long-term care facility in Kelowna, British Columbia after rollout of COVID-19 vaccine in March 2021". Canada Communicable Disease Report 47, n.º 12 (9 de dezembro de 2021): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i12a05.
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Background: In March 2021, a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was declared at a large long-term care and short stay facility in British Columbia, Canada—well after introduction of the vaccination program in long-term care facilities that resulted in a dramatic decline in the number of outbreaks in this type of setting. The objective of this study is to provide the descriptive epidemiology of this outbreak, in the context of partial immunization of both residents and staff at the facility. Methods: The cases’ information was extracted from a provincial information system (Panorama). Descriptive analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and SAS. Outbreak management controls included, but were not limited to, asymptomatic testing and efforts to increase vaccination. Results: Twenty-six cases among the 241 resident and three cases among the 418 staff (corresponding to attack rates of 10% and less than 1%, respectively) were identified. The attack rate in residents was considerably lower than the average attack rate for COVID-19 outbreaks in long-term care facilities before the vaccine rollout. Seventeen resident cases were either partially or fully immunized. Four of the eight hospitalized cases and two of the three deceased cases were partially immunized. Seventeen cases were temporary stay residents. The three staff cases were not vaccinated. Ten cases were identified as part of asymptomatic testing. Conclusion: Introduction of vaccination at facilities contributed to lower attack rates and higher numbers of asymptomatic cases in this outbreak. Screening asymptomatic individuals identified additional cases among vaccinated residents. Findings underscore the importance of achieving high vaccine coverage, including among temporary stay residents, to prevent virus introduction and subsequent unrecognized transmission opportunities.
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Kesgin, Muhammet, Rajendran S. Murthy e Linden W. Pohland. "Residents as destination advocates: the role of attraction familiarity on destination image". Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights 2, n.º 1 (29 de abril de 2019): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhti-06-2018-0034.
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PurposeEmphasizing the role of residents as destination advocates, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of residents’ familiarity with, and, favorability of attractions on destination image.Design/methodology/approachA mixed methods research strategy was employed using 15 individual in-depth interviews and a survey questionnaire with a sample ofn=364. The study utilizes an attraction familiarity index to classify respondents into four groups based on high, average, and low familiarity and examines the characteristics of each in the relationship between informational familiarity, experiential familiarity, and favorability and destination image.FindingsThe study reveals resident perceptions of attractions within the tourism product assembly framework and illustrates the positive relationship between the residents’ level of familiarity with, and favorability of visitor attractions and destination image. Further, the findings also demonstrate the significant role of demographic characteristics such as gender and length of residency in the area. The study findings suggest that temporary residents can function as destination advocates.Research limitations/implicationsEmployees and students from a prominent northeastern university were sampled, representing local residents and temporary residents respectively. While appropriate and fairly representative of the target market for the research questions in this investigation, more work is required to replicate this study utilizing representative samples across different locations.Practical implicationsEvidence from the study indicates the importance of marketing to residents as they serve as destination advocates. In particular, the residents’ familiarity with and favorability of attractions is critical to positive destination image. The research offers insights into the identification of potential segments of residents that require special attention.Originality/valueLimited existing research investigates the role of residents as destination advocates, especially in the context of destinations that lack a primary tourism attraction but have a well-balanced mix of attractions.
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Böcker, Anita, e Tineke Strik*. "Language and Knowledge Tests for Permanent Residence Rights: Help or Hindrance for Integration?" European Journal of Migration and Law 13, n.º 2 (2011): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181611x571268.
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AbstractMore and more Member States require immigrants from outside the EU to pass language or knowledge-of-society tests in different stages of the immigration and integration process. This article focuses on the application of this requirement as a condition for obtaining a permanent residence permit or the EU long-term resident status. It is based on an international comparative study that included seven Member States with integration conditions (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Latvia, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom). The article analyses the reasons behind the introduction of language and knowledge tests for applicants for a permanent residence permit or the EU long-term resident status in these Member States. Secondly, it examines the effects of the tests on the integration process of third-country nationals admitted for non-temporary stay. Finally, it discusses the legal constraints posed by EU and international law.
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Enander, Ann, e Claes Wallenius. "Psychological Reactions and Experiences among Swedish Citizens Resident in Kobe during the 1995 Earthquake". International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 17, n.º 2 (agosto de 1999): 185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072709901700203.
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This paper discusses reactions and experiences of temporary residents and transients in a community struck by a major natural disaster. A retrospective questionnaire study was conducted among a group of Swedish citizens who were resident in Kobe during the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. Respondents describe aspects of their behavior before, during, and after the earthquake. The findings indicate that, as a group, the Swedes appear to have coped well, even though they were not well-prepared for this type of situation. One factor found to be related to the behavioral responses was ability to speak the local language, in this case Japanese. On the basis of the study results, some particular needs and resources of foreign residents are discussed.
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Kenefick, Amy L. "Caring for Cognitively Impaired Nursing Home Residents with Pain". International Journal of Human Caring 8, n.º 2 (março de 2004): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.8.2.33.
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In this ethnographic study, nurses clearly described their beliefs, values, and experiences related to assessing pain in nursing home residents. These were affected by (a) the nurse’s perception of the role, (b) the resident’s ability to verbalize his or her pain, and (c) the nurse’s skill in identifying behavioral cues including nonverbal pain communications such as agitation or change in functional status. Knowledge of the individual resident was crucial; knowledge of the field of geriatric nursing was also important. Characteristics of the setting including formal and informal job expectations and the use of temporary nursing staff influenced practice.
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Frétey, Thierry, Emmanuelle Cam, Bernard Le Garff e Jean-Yves Monnat. "Adult survival and temporary emigration in the common toad". Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, n.º 6 (1 de junho de 2004): 859–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-058.
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In vertebrates exhibiting intermittent breeding, breeding activity is a factor of critical importance in capture–recapture studies using data from individually marked animals. Nonbreeders can be absent from locations used by breeders and can be considered "temporary emigrants". We addressed the influence of sex on survival in common toads, Bufo bufo (L., 1758), using the Joly–Seber model and the existance of temporary emigration in male common toads by assessing trap-dependence and by conducting a robust design analysis. We addressed the hypothesis that the probability of the presence of an individual in the study area depends on the presence of the individual the year before (i.e., that transitions between reproductive states are a first-order Markovian process). Results provided support for the hypotheses of random temporary emigration, of sex-specific differences in survival, and of the presence of "transients" in males. Females had intermediate survival compared with the groups of "transients + residents" and "resident" males. Females had lower recapture probability under the Joly–Seber model, which may be interpreted as evidence of lower breeding probability or lower detectability of breeding females. Behaviour may explain this difference in that females may attend ponds for shorter periods. This may be common in species where females aggregate to seek fertilization and lay eggs in locations attended by males and in species with a "resource-based lek" mating system.
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Mayes, Robyn. "‘We’re Sending you Back’: Temporary Skilled Labour Migration, Social Networks and Local Community". Migration, Mobility, & Displacement 3, n.º 1 (24 de agosto de 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/mmd31201717074.
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This paper contributes to the emergent literature on the temporal and dynamic constitution of temporary skilled migrant networks, foregrounding under-researched interrelations between migrant and non-migrant networks. It does so through examination of the lived experience of transnational, temporary skilled labour migrants resident in Ravensthorpe in rural Western Australia (WA) who were confronted with the sudden closure of the mining operation where they were employed. As a result they faced imminent forced departure from Australia. Drawing on qualitative data collected in Ravensthorpe three weeks after the closure, this paper foregrounds the role of this shared, profoundly socially-disruptive event in the formation of a temporary, multi-ethnic migrant network and related interactions with a local network. Analysis of these social relations foregrounds the role of catalysing events and external prompts (beyond ethnicity and the migration act) in the formation of temporary migrant networks, along with the importance of local contexts, policy conditions and employer action. The social networks formed in Hopetoun, and associated mobilisation of social capital, confirm the potential and richness of non-migrant networks for shaping the migrant experience, and foreground the ways in which these interrelations in turn can shape the local experience of migration, just as it highlights the capacity of community groups to act as social and political allies for temporary migrants.that would require migrants to depart after a set number of years and instead recommend a pathway to permanent residence based on duration of stay.
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Fedy, Bradley C., e Bridget J. M. Stutchbury. "Testosterone Does not Increase in Response to Conspecific Challenges in the White-Bellied Antbird (Myrmeciza Longipes), A Resident Tropical Passerine". Auk 123, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2006): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/123.1.61.
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Abstract Resident tropical passerines that exhibit year-round territorial aggression do not fit well into the temperate-zone model, because testosterone does not increase substantially during the breeding season. We studied patterns of testosterone secretion in the White-bellied Antbird (Myrmeciza longipes), a resident tropical species in Panama that maintains territories year-round and is capable of aggression throughout the year, regardless of its stage of reproduction. Levels of plasma testosterone were low (mean = 0.30 ng mL−1) throughout the breeding and nonbreeding seasons and did not differ between them. Testosterone also did not increase in response to simulated conspecific intrusions. When we used temporary removal experiments to induce natural, extended conflict between males, testosterone levels did not increase in response to the extended social instability that resulted. White-bellied Antbirds demonstrate an apparent uncoupling of testosterone and territorial aggression throughout the year. La Testosterona no Aumenta como Respuesta a Desafíos de Individuos Coespecíficos en Myrmeciza longipes, un Paserino Residente de la Zona Tropical
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MALYNOVSKA, ОLENA. "How Temporary is Temporary Protection: the Example of Forced Migrants From the Former Yugoslavia". Demography and social economy 1 (23 de março de 2023): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2023.01.053.
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About 5 million Ukrainians, forced to flee from the aggression of the Russian Federation, enjoy temporary protection in European countries. The legal basis for its provision is the Directive adopted by the EU in 2001 based on the experience gained as a result of the mass arrival of war refugees from the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Therefore, when studying the prospects of staying abroad and the return of forced migrants as an important component of the post-war recovery of Ukraine, despite the awareness of the vagueness of any historical analogies, it is useful to analyze what happened to war refugees from Yugoslavia after the end of active hostilities in the Balkans, which is the purpose of this article. To achieve it, historical and comparative methods are used, as well as other methods of scientific research. Despite the large volume of literature devoted to forced displacement in Yugoslavia, active analytical and research work on the study of the situation of Ukrainian displaced persons abroad, comparative approach to the analysis of these two phenomena was not applied, which determines the novelty of this work. As a result, it provides grounds for several important conclusions. Firstly, the protection enjoyed by Ukrainians in Europe is temporary and its cancellation or expiration can be sudden and unexpected for refugees. This can lead to an unprepared return or the risk of being abroad in an irregular legal situation. Secondly, after the termination of temporary protection, the situation of Ukrainians in different states may differ radically depending on whether the host country is interested in granting displaced persons the status of permanent residents or not. Thirdly, when deciding the future fate of war refugees, the host country will, of course, take into account humanitarian considerations, but most likely will use a pragmatic selective approach, i.e. will grant the status of permanent resident primarily to those refugees who have successfully integrated, are not a burden, but, on the contrary, an additional resource for the development. Thus, the policy of host countries, as well as the situation in Ukraine and the personal circumstances of particular individuals, will be an important factor in the post-war repatriation of forced migrants, its intensity and timing. In this regard, the foreign policy component of the state’s migration policy, the discussion and joint development with foreign states of measures to promote the return and reintegration of displaced persons, should be significantly intensified.
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Banerjee, Rupa, Philip Kelly, Ethel Tungohan, Petronila Cleto, Conely de Leon, Mila Garcia, Marco Luciano, Cynthia Palmaria e Chris Sorio. "From “Migrant” to “Citizen”: Labor Market Integration of Former Live-In Caregivers in Canada". ILR Review 71, n.º 4 (12 de fevereiro de 2018): 908–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793918758301.
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This study examines the impact of attaining permanent resident status on the employment integration of migrant caregivers in Canada. The authors use survey data from 631 caregivers who arrived as migrants under a temporary foreign worker program before transitioning to permanent residency, as well as data from 47 focus group discussions. The authors find that although most caregivers do switch out of caregiving work over time, they often remain within a few, lower-skilled occupations. Postsecondary education acquired before migration has no impact on occupational mobility. Caregivers’ lack of financial stability and the stigmatization of their employment experience often constrain their labor market options; moreover, an emotional bond and sense of obligation toward employers often hinder their ability to move out into other occupations, even after receiving legal permanent resident status. From the empirical results, the authors provide theoretical insights into the complex relationship between immigration patterns and labor markets.
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Congdon, J. D., O. M. Kinney e R. D. Nagle. "Spatial ecology and core-area protection of Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, n.º 11 (novembro de 2011): 1098–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-091.
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We documented sizes of terrestrial protection zones around wetlands that are necessary to protect all of the core area of Blanding’s Turtles ( Emydoidea blandingii (Holbrook, 1838)) on the Edwin S. George Reserve (ESGR) in southeastern Michigan. Data collected over three decades indicated that 39% of the 83 females and 50% of the 60 males maintained the same residence wetland for more than 20 years, and 33% of the 182 nonresident females used nesting areas on the ESGR for more than 20 years. Approximately 20% of resident males and females were captured in 21 temporary wetlands on the ESGR. Nesting areas were located from 100 to 2000 m from residence wetlands, and some of 45 females (18%) used up to six different nesting areas, some separated by >1000 m. Terrestrial protection zones 300 and 450 m around all wetlands (residence and temporary) protect 90% and 100% of nests, respectively. Terrestrial protection zones of 300, 1000, and 2000 m around residence wetlands only are required to protect 14%, 87%, and 100% of adults, respectively. A protection zone that encompasses the activities of most or all Blanding’s Turtles has a high probability of including the core areas of most other semiaquatic organisms.
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Luciano, De Paola, Panzino Mariantonia, Saturno Laura, Mascaro Maria Antonietta, Vatrano Marco, De Paola Federica, Lucia Citraro Maria, Francesca Bova, Giuseppina D’Onofrio e Ruotolo Giovanni. "The Effect of Residence Time of No-tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters on Infection and Thrombosis Outcome. Identification of CVC’s Time Cut-off". Journal of Clinical Nephrology 8, n.º 1 (4 de março de 2024): 023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jcn.1001122.
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Introduction: Permanent vascular access (arteriovenous fistula (AVF), arteriovenous graft (AVG)) is susceptible to acute events that reduce patency. The temporary central venous catheter (CVC) constitutes bridging therapy for primary vascular access dysfunction. The impact of “residence time” on the rate of dysfunction/thrombosis or infection remains to be explored. AIM: 1) To evaluate the impact of CVC residence time on outcomes (infection or Thrombosis/dysfunction) in consecutive temporary CVCs adjusted for the insertion site (upper site vs. lower site). 2) To establish a cut-off resident time. Patients and methods: Seventeen prevalent hemodialysis patients with three consecutive CVCs are followed up prospectively in an observational study for a period equivalent to the permanence of the CVCs. The data is recorded at the beginning of the CVC time. The diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infection and thrombosis/dysfunction is made following the K-Doqi 2019 guidelines. Statistical analysis: Seventeen hemodialysis patients (51 CVCs) were included. The ‘CVC resident time’ of each individual patient ((i.e. βcoefficient (log-transformed)*AUC)) was determined using LMM and then inserted into multivariate Cox models to assess infection and dysfunction/thrombosis outcomes (Joint Models). The AUC was calculated at various baseline levels of CVC time (10th……50th percentile). The cut-off point for thrombosis in CVC time corresponds to the mean of the CVC time at the 30th percentile of all CVCs. Results: The CVC time is different for CVC’s site insertion and sequence. From the analysis of multivariate joint models, CVC resident time appears not to be significant for infection, but heterogenicity for the insertion site (ref3-4=upper site) is significant for the outcome of thrombosis/dysfunction. From the study of survival analysis, the free survival from outcomes by CVC site insertion appears to be significant for thrombosis/dysfunction. The average time of CVCs’ calculation at the 30th percentile is 14 days (cut-off). Conclusion: No tunneled hemodialysis Catheter (NTHC) residence time is considered not to be a risk factor for infection, but it represents a risk factor for lower access thrombosis. After the cut-off time of 14 days, the advantage of the higher NTHCs is lost.
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Gul, Palwasha, Sana Ali, Ahsan Mehmood Shah, Humaira Saleem, Tahira Asghar e Farhad Ali. "STABILITY OF ORTHODONTIC MINI-SCREWS AND DIFFERENT EXPERIENCE LEVELS OF RESIDENCY TRAINING OF STUDENTS". Journal of Medical Sciences 30, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2022): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.52764/jms.22.30.3.8.
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Objectives: To determine the association between the stability of orthodontic mini-screws with different experience levels of residency training of students. Materials and methods: A total of 240 mini-screws with a diameter of 1.3 mm, and a length of 7 mm were inserted by orthodontic residents in the first, second, third, and fourth years. Stability was assessed after one month of application of orthodontic load. Chi-square tests were used to analyze data. P value ?.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 240 implants, 172 were found to be stable and 68 were unstable after one month among different resident levels. There was a significant association between the stability of mini-screws and different experience levels of postgraduate residents. For first-year residents, stability was 53.8%, for second-year residents 27.3%, for the third year 93.3%, and the fourth year 90.5%. The association between the placement site of mini-screws and different levels of postgraduate residents was also significant and the highest number of stable mini-screws were found in maxilla and posterior mandible placed by fourth-year residents, and the least stable for second-year residents. Conclusion: The experience level of residents is a significant factor in the stability of mini-screws and site-specific stability is higher in the maxilla and posterior mandible for fourth-year residents. Key Words: Anchorage, Insertion site, Maxilla, Mandible, Orthodontists, Stability, Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs).
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Gerasimov, Yuri Leonidovich. "Zooplankton in the temporary recreational pond in microdistrict 13 of Samara". Samara Journal of Science 11, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2022): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55355/snv2022113102.
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Rotifers make a significant contribution to the self-purification of the water bodies. Full self-purification is especially important for water bodies of recreational zones of settlements. These water bodies are constantly visited by local residents and conditions in these water bodies must comply with sanitary standards and they shouldnt be dangerous to human health. At the same time, the rest of residents on the banks of urban ponds leads to a deterioration in their ecological and sanitary conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the ecosystems of urban ponds located in recreational areas and among resident buildings. The Rotifera and Crustacea community in the small temporary urban recreational pond in microdistrict 13 of Samara was studied in 2012 and 2018. The pond is situated in the middle of the plot among Kirov avenue, Georgy Dimitrov street, Stara-Zagora street, Moskovskoe highway. 23 Rotifera (13 familia) and 24 Crustacea species (8 familia) have been identified. All species are common for water bodies in the Samara Region. Most of the species live in other ponds of Samara. Brachionidae dominated in the Rotifera community, Cyclopoidae и Daphniidae dominated in the Crustacea. The seasonal dynamics of the population size from May till November was studied. The Rotifers largest abundance in both years was observed in spring and autumn. The crustaceans largest abundance was in 2012 in October, in 2018 in July. The indicator species of Rotifera and Crustacea correspond to the -mesosaprobic zone. While resting people trample grass on the banks, the soil washout causes eutrophication and shallowing of the pond. It is necessary to remove bottom sediments and strengthen the pond banks to improve the state of the pond.
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Neller, Sarah, Gail Towsley e Bob Wong. "Me & My Wishes Videos: Congruence of End-of-Life Preferences Between Residents With Dementia, Family, and Staff". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 de dezembro de 2020): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2847.
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Abstract Me & My Wishes are person-centered videos of long term care residents (ages 65-95) living with dementia discussing their preferences for care including end-of-life (EOL) medical intervention. We evaluated the congruence of six EOL treatment preferences between the residents’ personal videos, medical records (e.g. advance directive), and surveys of family (n= 49) and staff (n=37; 118 responses) knowledge of their preferences. Results were highly discordant. Treatments with the most discordance when comparing videos to comparison groups were IV fluids (medical record, 57.1%) and life support (family, 69.4%; staff, 82.2%). Residents reported EOL treatments were considered acceptable if they were temporary, would relieve suffering, or enabled a return to baseline health. These caveats may lead to discordance if they are not conveyed to family or staff. Our findings highlight the need for conversations among residents living with dementia and their caregivers to improve understanding, congruence and adherence of resident EOL preferences.
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Towers, Ann-Marie, Stacey Rand, Stephen Allan, Lucy Anne Webster, Sinead Palmer, Rachael Carroll, Adam L. Gordon et al. "Assessing the feasibility of measuring residents’ quality of life in English care homes and the construct validity and internal consistency of measures completed by staff proxy: a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open 15, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2025): e090684. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090684.
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ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of capturing older care home residents’ quality of life (QoL) in digital social care records and the construct validity (hypothesis testing) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) of four QoL measures.DesignCross-sectional data collected in wave 1 of the DACHA (Developing resourcesAnd minimum dataset forCareHomes’Adoption) study, a mixed-methods pilot of a prototype minimum dataset (MDS).SettingCare homes (with or without nursing) registered to provide care for older adults (>65 years) and/or those living with dementia. All homes used a digital record system from one of two suppliers.ParticipantsData were extracted from 748 residents. All permanent residents, aged 65 years or older, were eligible to participate, including those lacking capacity to consent. Temporary residents and residents in their last weeks of life were excluded.Outcome measures and analysisThe English language versions of Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT)-Proxy-Resident, ICEpop CAPability measure for Older people (ICECAP-O), EQ-5D-5L proxy and the QUALIDEM were added to the digital record. As there have not been any previous studies of the structural validity of the English language version of the QUALIDEM, ordinal exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied for this measure only. Feasibility (% missing by software provider and measure), % floor/ceiling effects (>15% at lower/upper end of the scales), convergent or divergent construct validity (criterion of >75% of hypotheses accepted) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ≥0.7) were assessed for all four measures.ResultsThe ordinal EFA of QUALIDEM did not replicate the findings of previous research. A six-factor (36 item) solution was proposed and used in all subsequent analyses. There were low rates of missing data (<5%) for all items, except ASCOT-Proxy-Resident Control (5.1%) and Dignity (6.2%) and QUALIDEM item 35 (5.1%). Ceiling effects were observed for the ASCOT-Proxy-Resident and two of the QUALIDEM subscales. None of the scales had floor effects. Cronbach’s alpha indicated adequate internal consistency (α ≥0.70) for the ASCOT-Proxy-Resident, ICECAP-O and EQ-5D-5L proxy. There were issues with two QUALIDEM subscales. Construct validity for all measures was adequate.ConclusionsThe findings support the use of EQ-5D-5L, ASCOT-Proxy-Resident and the ICECAP-O in care homes for older people. The choice of measure will depend on the construct(s) of interest. More research is needed to establish the psychometric properties of the QUALIDEM in an English care home setting.
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Weissman, Diane, e Adrian Furnham. "The Expectations and Experiences of a Sojourning Temporary Resident Abroad: A Preliminary Study". Human Relations 40, n.º 5 (maio de 1987): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872678704000505.
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Roche, Kathleen M., Elizabeth Vaquera, Claudia A. Delbasso, Gabriel P. Kuperminc, Marisa Cordon e Maria Ivonne Rivera. "Worry, Behavior Change, and Daily Adversity: How US Latino/a Parents Experience Contemporary Immigration Actions and News". Journal of Family Issues 41, n.º 9 (6 de janeiro de 2020): 1546–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19898512.
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The current study examines residency status differences in US Latino/a parents’ perceptions of how recent immigration actions and news have shaped their lives. Focus group data were collected during the fall of 2017 from 50 Central American parents of adolescents. Focus groups were homogenous with respect to one of four residency statuses: undocumented, Temporary Protected Status (TPS), permanent resident, and citizen. Three themes characterized parents’ perceptions: (a) worry and concern, (b) behavior change, and (c) daily life adversities. Within each theme, parents’ experiences included those that were universal across all residency status groups as well as those specific to residency status. Regardless of residency status, parents felt that President Trump’s rhetoric had led to heightened levels of fear among Latino/as, described reducing travel or plans to travel, and reported increases in discrimination against Latino/as. Other experiences of immigration actions and news varied depending upon parents’ residency status.
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YANG, Junhe. "Climate Change and Domestic Migration in China". Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 06, n.º 03 (setembro de 2018): 1850020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748118500203.
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This paper constructs theoretical and empirical models to investigate, under the influences of China’s hukou policy, the relationship between spikes in temperatures and temporary migrations of Chinese rural residents. Applying weather data from both the provincial and county levels, the paper first demonstrates the negative impacts of extremely high temperatures on agricultural production. Then, using a fixed effect model, and applying an individual-level panel dataset, which includes information from more than 30,000 Chinese rural residents, the paper shows that the likelihood of a rural resident’s future choice to work outside his or her village increases when crop yields decrease. This result confirms the hypothesis built in the paper’s utility maximization theoretical model of an individual rural resident. To mitigate the risks brought about by disaster-induced agricultural production decreases, the paper proposes reforms of, and improvements in existing agricultural policy insurance services.
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Foulkes, Nicol. "The Perils of Highly Skilled Mobility: Welfare, Risk, and Temporary Migration from the Nordic Region to India". Journal of Finnish Studies 17, n.º 1-2 (1 de março de 2014): 199–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/28315081.17.1.2.10.
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Abstract European welfare states were founded on the assumption that citizens in need of welfare protection were resident within the national territorial boundaries. Nowadays, jobs are often carried out, wholly or in part, abroad. Citizens and residents incur new social risks as their social and political rights in their home country often diminish as a result of the move. One example of this is what is referred to as international secondment—when, for instance, European firms send abroad employees from European offices to complete work assignments. Taking the example of secondment to India, this article investigates the extent to which both employees and their accompanying partners’ social rights are protected when they move outside of the European Union and the European Economic Area from their country of usual residence—in this case Denmark and Finland. This study is an analysis of how the social rights of seconded employees and their dependents, considered to be privileged migrants, are protected by the state. A key part of this analysis is the comparison of the pre-conditions for entitlement to basic social security while abroad. As well as illuminating the extent of the employees’ dependency on the company and the market for social protection, the findings indicate that temporary migrants incur new social risks (albeit to varying extents) depending on the country of origin, their labor market activity, and the conditions of the contract of employment with the sending company.
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Wirastuti, Ni Made Ary Esta Dewi, I. Gusti Agung Komang Dlafari Djuni Hartawan, I. Made Arsa Suyadnya, Duman Care Khrisne, Is-haka Mkwawa e Putu Arya Mertasana. "Improving Community Administration Service and Population Reporting through SINANAS Development Using Participatory Method". SPEKTA (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat : Teknologi dan Aplikasi) 4, n.º 2 (22 de setembro de 2023): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/spekta.v4i2.8134.
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Background: Information technology in community administration service has been developed in helping to raise the efficiency and productivity of the leader of Banjar Dinas works, as well as organizing and utilizing information to support administration and management, policy development and decision-making. Contribution: SINANAS (Administration Information System for Banjar Dinas) has proposed to support the works of “Kepala Lingkungan” in Sempidi for administration service and population reporting. Method: Using interview and participatory approaches, the application was used by training and socialization. The application was developed using Visual Studio Code and Python language programming. Results: The results of this community service are SINANAS reporting page for population data of education and livelihood, religion, ethnicity, race, number of population, family card, Temporary Resident Identity Card (KIPS), Temporary Resident Registration Certificate (STPPTS), Reporting page for religion, ethnicity, race, and population, Reporting page for total population based on single age group and gender Conclusion: Based on the post-questionnaire, “Kepala Lingkungan found that using the SINANAS application, producing annual and monthly administrative reports is easier and quicker than manually creating them in Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel.
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Crowe, Mark E., Christopher T. Hayes e Zaki-Udin Hassan. "Using Software-Based Simulation for Resident Physician Training in the Management of Temporary Pacemakers". Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare 8, n.º 2 (abril de 2013): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sih.0b013e31826ec3e1.
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Yoshimitsu, Kuniko. "Japanese school children in Melbourne and their language maintenance efforts". Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 10, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2000): 255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.10.2.07yos.
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This paper presents a case study of language maintenance efforts made by bilingual Japanese children in Melbourne whose parents are of Japanese background. The children were selected from two sub-groups in the Japanese community: the children of business sojourners (temporary residents), the largest sub-group in the community, and the children of permanent residents, the second largest sub-group. Focusing on the micro-level language planning for maintenance, this study examines the speakers’ degree and direction of maintenance in terms of Japanese language proficiency, and it analyses the correlation between the maintenance achieved, the factors, and the strategies adopted. Two instruments have been developed for the assessment of speakers’ naturally occurring spoken discourse data. It is argued that the children’s differing residential status, being either a sojourner or permanent resident, is a key factor affecting the maintenance process and its outcomes, and that maintenance at the micro-level, specifically individual and family levels, is the result of the combined efforts of the parents and the children.
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Ramseyer, Abigail M., e Monica A. Lutgendorf. "Implementation of Low-Cost Obstetric Hemorrhage Simulation Training Models for Resident Education". Military Medicine 184, n.º 11-12 (30 de abril de 2019): e637-e641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz098.
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Abstract Introduction Simulation is beneficial training for low frequency high acuity events such as management of obstetric hemorrhage. Our objective was to evaluate perceived competency in management of obstetric and pelvic hemorrhage following training with low fidelity task trainers using inexpensive and common medical supplies. Materials and Methods This was a prospective observational study of training residents for management of obstetric and pelvic hemorrhage using a brief didactic instruction and low-cost task trainers with inexpensive common medical supplies. Participants practiced placement of a uterine tamponade balloon, uterine packing with gauze, pelvic parachute packing and temporary abdominal closure. Following training, participants completed a self-report survey regarding perceived competency with each technique. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used to compare results before and after training. Results Eighteen of 23 residents completed the training and completed the survey on perceived competencies. There was a statistically significant improvement in perceived competency for all participants before and after training, with scores improving by 1.5 points for Bakri placement, from 1.94 to 3.44 (p < 0.001), improving by 1.67 points for uterine packing, from 1.78 to 3.44 (p < 0.001), improving by 1.95 for pelvic parachute packing, from 1.16 to 3.11 (p < 0.001), and improving by 1.89 for temporary abdominal closure, from 1.22 to 3.11 (p < 0.001). Conclusions Low-cost supplies and task trainers can be utilized to simulate postpartum hemorrhage and improve perceived competency in managing obstetric and pelvic hemorrhage. Similar training programs can be used in small community programs with limited resources.
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Hrytsyna, Lesia, Olena Kharun e Margaryta Dzuba. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CUSTOMS REGULATION OF VEHICLE IMPORT IN THE G20 COUNTRIES". Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, n.º 1 (22 de março de 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-1-48-53.
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The purpose of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of customs regulation procedures for the import of vehicles operating in the G20 countries, to determine the possibility of adapting and using their experience in order to improve the customs procedure in force in Ukraine. Since most researches of Ukrainian scientists mainly concern the adaptation of existing customs procedures to the requirements of the Ukraine– EU Association Agreement and the search for ways to solve the problem of shadow schemes of vehicle import, the selected research purpose is relevant. The subject-matter of the study is the procedures for customs regulation of the import of vehicles of the G20 countries. Methodology. To achieve this purpose, a set of general scientific methods was used that ensure the objectivity and validity of the results obtained, namely, methods of abstraction, comparison, analysis and synthesis, generalization. Results. The research results showed that Ukraine is far behind the leading countries in terms of implementing the standards of environmental and technical safety of imported vehicles. If compliance with the requirements of environmental safety, namely compliance with European standards, is still taken into account when importing, then the issues of technical safety are not regulated by the current customs procedure. Secondly, the system of taxes and payments that are paid in Ukraine upon importation, namely duty, excise duty, and VAT, does not provide for compensation for the negative impact of imported vehicles on the environment. Thirdly, comparing the practice of temporary importation of vehicles operating in the G20 countries and Ukraine has allowed highlighting a number of inconsistencies. So, in the G20 countries, only non-residents can use this regime in the vast majority. Citizens of the country are entitled to temporary admission only if strictly defined requirements are met. However, unlike Ukrainian practice, the very procedure for temporary admission implies the absence of requirements for payment of customs duties and other payments, regardless of whether the person who uses it is a resident or non-resident of the country. Practical significance. The conclusions made allow proposing the necessity to amend the current procedure by introducing the practice of confirming the conformity of imported vehicles with the technical requirements for their operation, increasing the tax burden on vehicles with low environmental efficiency, settling the issue of the availability of the regime of temporary admission of vehicles and strengthening control over compliance with this regime. Relevance/originality. Proposals for the adaptation and use of the experience of the leading countries in the field of customs regulation of import of vehicles are a way to prevent the negative phenomena in Ukraine in this area.
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Primasari, Laras, Medhiansyah Putra Prawira e M. Prasetiyo Effendi Yasin. "Reliance towards Temporary Evacuation Shelters (TES) during Tsunami Evacuation Process Case Study in Meuraksa District, Banda Aceh". Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan Indonesia 7, n.º 2 (22 de junho de 2018): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32315/jlbi.7.2.86.
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When 2012 Banda Aceh earthquake triggered the tsunami warning signal, chaotic citywide evacuation was followed soon after. Unnecessary victims were fallen and damages were experienced due to this very disorganized process. The event raised questions whether the disaster education and evacuation training had successfully relayed essential information about evacuating process along with its safety instruments, including physical facilities such as the Temporary evacuation Shelters or TES. This paper aims to investigate Meuraksa District residents’ sense of reliance toward TES in their area during natural disaster, especially tsunami. The result will be analyzed to understand whether the district’s resident have embedded the basic survival skills taught in the routine trainings into their daily life, thus also in the decision making process during evacuation. Meuraksa was chosen as research location as it was the ground zero of 2004 Banda Aceh tsunami disaster. The research is carried out using mixed-method approach by data collected through face-to-face, in-depth interview procedure. The analysis shows that Meuraksa District residents’ reliance towards TES is very low. TES is intended to be one of the significant safe evacuation instruments. The citizens’ decision to opt out TES as shelters and safe destinations during natural disaster events is highly believe will be resulting in the same chaotic evacuation as one in 2012.
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Rinaldi, Carmela, Matteo Ratti, Sophia Russotto, Deborah Seys, Kris Vanhaecht e Massimiliano Panella. "Healthcare Students and Medical Residents as Second Victims: A Cross-Sectional Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 19 (26 de setembro de 2022): 12218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912218.
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Background: The term second victim (SV) describes healthcare professionals who remain traumatized after being involved in a patient safety incident (PSI). They can experience various emotional, psychological, and physical symptoms. The phenomenon is quite common; it has been estimated that half of hospital workers will be an SV at least once in their career. Because recent literature has reported high prevalence (>30%) among nursing students, we studied the phenomenon among the whole population of healthcare students. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with an online questionnaire among nursing students, medical students, and resident physicians at the teaching hospital of the University of the Piemonte Orientale located in Novara, Italy. The study included 387 individuals: 128 nursing students, 174 medical students, and 85 residents. Results: We observed an overall PSI prevalence rate of 25.58% (lowest in medical students, 14.37%; highest in residents, 43.53%). Of these, 62.63% experienced symptoms typical of an SV. The most common temporary symptom was the feeling of working badly (51.52%), whereas the most common lasting symptom was hypervigilance (51.52%). Notably, none of the resident physicians involved in a PSI spoke to the patient or the patient’s relatives. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted the risk incurred by healthcare students of becoming an SV, with a possible significant impact on their future professional and personal lives. Therefore, we suggest that academic institutions should play a more proactive role in providing support to those involved in a PSI.
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Hoselton, Jill, Alison Grittner e Christine Walsh. "AGING IN THE RIGHT PLACE: TEMPORARY SUPPORTIVE HOUSING FOR OLDER MALE VETERANS IN CALGARY, CANADA". Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (1 de dezembro de 2023): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0208.
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Abstract In 2019 an estimated 1.6% of emergency shelter users in Canada were veterans (1,905 individuals), which is consistent with the proportion of veterans in the general population (1.7%). However, veterans tend to be older, male, and cite an illness or medical condition as a contributing factor to their homelessness, than their non-veteran counterparts. As part of the Aging in the Right Place (AIRP) study, we sought to understand the housing and support needs of older male military veterans (age 50+) living in a congregate temporary supportive housing in Calgary, Alberta. This exploratory, multi-methods study used: (1) de-identified document review, (2) environmental audit, (3) in-depth qualitative key informant interviews with service providers and (4) in-depth qualitative and Photovoice interviews with older shelter residents to understand the shelter needs of older homeless veterans. The data was collected between February and June 2023. Interviews were transcribed, managed with NVivo 1.6.1, and team-based flexible coding was employed on the key informant (n=5) and shelter resident (n=5) interviews to determine older male veterans’ shelter needs. In this presentation we share the findings of the study and offer recommendations for shelter and services designed to assist older housing insecure veterans to age in the right place.
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Takamura, Shiki. "Persistence in Temporary Lung Niches: A Survival Strategy of Lung-Resident Memory CD8+T Cells". Viral Immunology 30, n.º 6 (julho de 2017): 438–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vim.2017.0016.
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Edberg, Stephen C. "Does the possession of virulence factor genes mean that those genes will be active?" Journal of Water and Health 7, S1 (1 de agosto de 2009): S19—S28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.066.
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There are a number of relationships the host can establish with the microbes we ingest. For the vast majority of microbes, they have a short-lived liaison with the human host. Either they are destroyed by the stomach acid or bile, or can not establish even a temporary residency in the gastrointestinal tract. Early in life the mucosal surfaces of the body establishes a resident, and generally stable, normal flora. These normal flora microbes, the majority of which are bacteria, have specific receptors for specific areas of the alimentary tract. If the foreign microbe can establish residency, it then may transiently or permanently become part of the normal flora. However, in order to produce disease, it must possess an additional set of virulence factors. While some of these are known, many are not. Those that are known include enzymes, such as protease, lipase, and esterase. Accordingly, VFAR may not be associated with human disease and its presence or absence has no public health meaning.
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Cooper, Adam Elliott, Phil Hubbard e Loretta Lees. "Sold out? The right-to-buy, gentrification and working-class displacements in London". Sociological Review 68, n.º 6 (20 de fevereiro de 2020): 1354–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026120906790.
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Since the 1990s, the renewal of council housing estates in London has involved widespread ‘decanting’ of resident populations to allow for demolition and redevelopment, primarily by private developers who sell the majority of new housing at market rate. This process of decanting has displaced long-term council tenants and shorter-term ‘temporary’ tenants, with many not able to return to the estate. In contrast, those leaseholders who bought under the ‘right-to-buy’ legislation introduced in the 1980s have a ‘right to remain’ by virtue of the property rights they have. Nonetheless, given the threat that their property will ultimately be subject to compulsory purchase because the redevelopment of the estate is in the ‘public interest’, these leaseholders experience similar displacement pressures to other residents. Describing these pressures, this article argues that the right-to-buy legislation offered these residents the illusion of entering a property-owning middle-class, but that they were never able to escape the labelling of council estates as stigmatised spaces which have ultimately been seized by the state and capital in a moment of ‘accumulation by dispossession’.
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NG, FELIX SAI KIT, YIDA YEE HA CHUNG, YU CHEUNG WONG, WAI TUNG NG e JACKY KWOK KWONG CHAN. "LONG-STAY HOSTELS AS AN ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY OUT OF HOMELESSNESS: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES". Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 56, n.º 01n02 (janeiro de 2022): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246222000043.
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Official data shows that in 2021, there were 1,423 street sleepers in Hong Kong (excluding other forms of homelessness). However, the Hong Kong government has only subsidized a few NGOs to operate temporary shelters and homeless hostels. In this context, the Society for Community Organization pioneered a non-government-funded program called "Friend Home Hostel," a relatively long-stay hostel. This paper reports on resident profiles in this program and scrutinizes the functions of this program, drawing on data collected from a questionnaire survey and 21 in-depth interviews. The findings from this study are used to discuss the prospects and challenges of long-stay hostels that prepare residents for pathways out of homelessness. This long-stay hostel offers a social service model for the government and other NGOs by adopting a unique practice setting in which innovative and persistent intervention can promote the health and welfare of homeless people.
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Plagg, Barbara, Giuliano Piccoliori, Adolf Engl, Christian J. Wiedermann, Angelika Mahlknecht, Verena Barbieri, Dietmar Ausserhofer et al. "Disaster Response in Italian Nursing Homes: A Qualitative Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic". Geriatrics 7, n.º 2 (17 de março de 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7020032.
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Nursing homes (NHs) have been among the care settings most affected by both the virus itself and collateral damage through infection protection and control measures (IPC). However, there is a paucity of research regarding disaster response and preparedness of these institutions. The present study aimed to analyze disaster response and management and to develop prospective strategies for disaster management in NHs. A qualitative survey including (i) residents, (ii) nursing staff, (iii) relatives of residents, and (iv) NHs’ medical leads was performed. Data were collected by 45 in-depth interviews. Our results indicate that the shift from resident-centered care towards collective-protective approaches led through the suspending of established care principles to an emergency vacuum: implementable strategies were lacking and the subsequent development of temporary, immediate, and mostly suboptimal solutions by unprepared staff led to manifold organizational, medical, and ethical conflicts against the background of unclear legislation, changing protocols, and fear of legal consequences. IPC measures had long-lasting effects on the health and wellbeing of residents, relatives, and professionals. Without disaster preparedness protocols and support in decision-making during disasters, professionals in NHs are hardly able to cope with emergency situations.
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Guimarães, Murilo, Decio T. Correa, Marília Palumbo Gaiarsa e Marc Kéry. "Full-annual demography and seasonal cycles in a resident vertebrate". PeerJ 8 (25 de fevereiro de 2020): e8658. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8658.
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Wildlife demography is typically studied at a single point in time within a year when species, often during the reproductive season, are more active and therefore easier to find. However, this provides only a low-resolution glimpse into demographic temporal patterns over time and may hamper a more complete understanding of the population dynamics of a species over the full annual cycle. The full annual cycle is often influenced by environmental seasonality, which induces a cyclic behavior in many species. However, cycles have rarely been explicitly included in models for demographic parameters, and most information on full annual cycle demography is restricted to migratory species. Here we used a high-resolution capture-recapture study of a resident tropical lizard to assess the full intra-annual demography and within-year periodicity in survival, temporary emigration and recapture probabilities. We found important variation over the annual cycle and up to 92% of the total monthly variation explained by cycles. Fine-scale demographic studies and assessments on the importance of cycles within parameters may be a powerful way to achieve a better understanding of population persistence over time.
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Minamide, Kazuyo. "The temporariness of Bangladeshi migration in Greece". Migration Letters 18, n.º 1 (28 de janeiro de 2021): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v18i1.1139.
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Bangladeshi overseas workers migrating to the West, who once aimed to establish long-term prospects, have beenincreasingly relying on temporary migration since the mid-2000s, as a result of changes in the migration policies andeconomic conditions of destination countries and corresponding shifts in migrant strategies. This paper examines the“temporariness” of low-skilled Bangladeshi migrant workers in Greece, by comparing the experiences of those who arrived in the 1990s and were issued resident permits with those who arrived in the mid-2000s with the support of the former immigrants, but who have not been able to secure any kind of visa. Members of the first generation have been forced to shorten their long-term stays and shift to temporary migration, while members of the second generation have had to suspend their lives in a state of extended temporariness. Despite these challenges, the enduring positive image of overseas migration in villages in Bangladesh allows migrants to maintain their motivation and they therefore continue to promote the migration culture.
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Gross, Dominique M. "Are Temporary Foreign Workers Filling only Labor Shortages? The Case of Canada". Case Studies in Business and Management 4, n.º 1 (12 de fevereiro de 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/csbm.v4i1.10717.
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A temporary foreign worker (TFW) program is meant to fill short-term labor shortages and, constraints are imposed on employers for resident workers not to be affected in getting jobs. Often, employers consider that such a program imposes time-consuming administrative barriers and they pressure the government to obtain easier and faster access to TFWs. The Canadian policy was modified in two Western provinces from a required high time-consuming labor market test for all occupations to prove labor shortages to an immediate hiring of TFWs for occupations in a given list. Using DDD, it is tested whether priority to local workers was ensured under the new program. The analysis shows that much faster access to TFWs accelerated rises in unemployment in some high- and low-skill occupations and, impacts were quite different across the two provinces and industries. Thus, some domestic workers have been negatively affected. The main cause was a lack of clear information about local occupational labor shortages and political supports to employers for cheaper labor.
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Alves d'Ancampora, Bárbara Heliodora. "Caracterización espacial del paisaje cultural de los manglares. Caso de estudio de la Región Metropolitana de Florianópolis, costa Sur de Brasil". Territorios en formación, n.º 12 (19 de dezembro de 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2017.12.3646.
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ResumenLos nueve manglares existentes de la Región Metropolitana de Florianópolis se encuentran en diferentes estados de degradación ambiental por la ocupación inadecuada del entorno físico a lo largo de la historia. Dentro de este marco, esta investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar espacialmente el paisaje cultural de los manglares de la Región Metropolitana, en cuanto a los factores naturales y humanos, contrastándolo con el paisaje percibido por la población residente nativa y la residente temporal y visitante. Este hecho está relacionado con el valor cultural atribuido a este tipo paisaje a través del grado de conocimiento de la población sobre los componentes bióticos y abióticos, los servicios ecosistémicos, los impactos ambientales generados y los cambios para el futuro. Como conclusión, se ha verificado que la percepción de la población sobre este paisaje se presenta de forma muy diferente de la realidad física y ambiental, demostrando disparidades relevantes entre ambos.Palabras clave Manglares, uso del suelo, paisaje cultural, impacto ambientalAbstractThe nine existing mangroves of the Metropolitan Region of Florianópolis are in different states of environmental degradation. The causes are derived from the inadequate occupation of the physical environment throughout history. Regarding this fact, this research aims to spatially characterize the cultural landscape of the Metropolitan Region’s mangroves, in terms of natural and human factors, contrasting with the landscape perceived by the native resident population, the temporary resident, and the visitor. This analysis is related to the cultural value attributed to this landscape type through the degree of knowledge of the population about the biotic and abiotic components, the ecosystem services, the generated environmental impacts and the changes for the future. As a conclusion, it has been verified that the perception of the population on this landscape is presented in a very different way from the physical and environmental reality, showing relevant disparities between both. KeywordsMangroves, land use, cultural landscape, environmental impact
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Mawardi, Marmiati. "People Chaos Due to Functional Shift of Home Resident Into House of Worship". SMART 2, n.º 01 (31 de julho de 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18784/smart.v2i01.313.
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<p>The use of a dwelling house as a place for public worship/church has been created conflict among believers. This happened in a village called Ngawen, Mangunsari, Salatiga. This study aims to explore the triggering factors of conflict between the Muslim community and the board of Gereja Kristen Injili Nusantara (GKIN) “Kawanan Domba”. This research uses a qualitative pproaach. Data was gathered using a Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Findings of this study show that such house was built based on the IMB of dwelling place; the board of church has no temporary authorization to use that house as a place of worship. The community objects and indisposed for the existence of a church due to various reasons. This almost leads a physical conflict. The government officers mediate two conflicting parties to meet and resolve the problem. This meeting made an agreement between them that the activities of the church were stopped. But in reality, the church still conducted some activities</p>
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Ruddell, Rick, Savvas Lithopoulos e Nicholas A. Jones. "Crime, costs, and well being: policing Canadian Aboriginal communities". Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 37, n.º 4 (11 de novembro de 2014): 779–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-01-2014-0013.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the community level factors associated with police strength and operational costs in Aboriginal police services from four different geographic zones, including remote communities inaccessible by road[1]. Design/methodology/approach – Analysis of variance was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in per capita policing costs, the officer to resident ratio, an index of community well-being and crime severity in 236 rural and remote Canadian communities. Findings – The authors found that places that were geographically inaccessible or further from urban areas had rates of police-reported crime several times the national average and low levels of community well-being. Consistent with those results, the per capita costs of policing were many times greater than the national average, in part due to higher officer to resident ratios. Research limitations/implications – These results are from rural Canada and might not be generalizable to other nations. Practical implications – Given the complex needs of these communities, these findings reinforce the importance of delivering full-time professional police services in rural and remote communities. Short duration or temporary postings may reduce police legitimacy as residents may perceive that their rural or Aboriginal status makes them less valued than city dwellers. As a result, agencies should prioritize the retention of experienced officers in these communities. Originality/value – These findings validate the observations of officers about the challenges that must be overcome in policing these distinctive communities. This information can be used to inform future studies of rural and remote policing.