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1
Richards, Randi Burke. "Local School Boards and "No Child Left Behind"". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33076.
Resumo:
â No Child Left Behindâ (NCLB) has generated considerable attention within the education world. The purpose of this thesis is to question how local governments, i.e., local Boards of Education, have reacted to the current involvement and demands of the federal government. NCLB has only started to have an impact on local schools in the last few years as they have begun to fall into various categories of being â in need of improvementâ based on failing to meet established goals. School boards are put in a position to rethink their programs and reevaluate their own efforts as they attempt to insure students are meeting the benchmarks established by the federal and state governments and that Highly Qualified Teachers are in every childâ s classroom. This thesis looks at the actions of six districts in southern New Jersey that are not meeting these mandates and the actions of the Boards of Education towards student achievement and hiring teachers. Demands and requirements of federal and state legislation and policies are narrowing the areas in which school boards can take action. Those actions that are being taken appear to be led by the district Superintendent. This lack of leadership by the elected officials may eventually lead to school boards that are more and more community advisory boards and less and less governing bodies.Master of Arts
2
Dahlström, Margareta. "Service production uneven development and local solutions in Swedish child care /". Uppsala : Distribution, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, Uppsala universitet, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/30694948.html.
3
Dickens, Jonathan. "Local authority social workers, managers and lawyers in child care cases". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426771.
Resumo:
This thesis discusses the relationships between local authority social workers, managers and solicitors in child care cases under the Children Act 1989. The original focus was social workers and lawyers, but as work progressed the importance of the social services manager became clear. The empirical work involved 54 semistructured interviews with members of the three groups between March 2001 and April 2002. The findings show that the relationships usually worked well enough, but that tensions were never far beneath the surface and could break out in resentment and frustration. The tensions are rooted in the disjunction between the popular mantra 'the lawyer advises, the client instructs' and the much more complex relationships that the professionals experience in practice. Lawyers may give their advice very forcefully, and can sometimes resist instructions; social workers sometimes rely on the lawyers more closely than any of the groups consider ideal. Behind these difficulties lie the diverse and potentially incompatible responsibilities held by each group, competing notions of reasonableness, different approaches to risk and the challenges of managing limited resources. The tensions provoke powerful criticisms of each group by the others - lawyers don't fight hard enough, social workers don't analyse their cases properly, managers don't supervise their staff adequately. Flexibility, tact and communication are required to keep relationships working well. At a theoretical level, the tensions between and within the three groups are seen to reflect and construct tensions between and within three key discourses in contemporary child care work welfare, law and managerialism. The relationships between the three professional groups reproduce the relationships between these three paradigmatic approaches to, and technologies of, social and professional regulation. The implication for professional practice and social policy is to recognise and value the challenging benefits of dynamic interaction between the professional groups and the discourses.
4
Perry, Rebecca Anne, e rebecca perry1@gmail com. "Family management of overweight in 5-9 year old children: results from a multi-site randomised controlled trial". Flinders University. Medicine, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20100526.093139.
Resumo:
Childhood overweight is a leading global public health issue. Chapter One of this thesis is a three part literature review of the evidence concerning the issue of childhood overweight and its management. Section One of the literature review describes this issue in terms of Australian and international prevalence rates and trends, health outcomes and aetiology. Sections Two and Three of the literature review examine the evidence to guide effective management of childhood overweight and analyse the thoroughness by which this evidence has been determined and translated into practice recommendations.
The assumed cornerstones of child weight management are dietary change, increased physical activity, decreased sedentary behaviour, family support and behaviour modification. Recently, the role of parenting skills in the management of childhood overweight has been identified as a promising area of research. This thesis study examined the effect of the addition of parenting skills training to a parent-led, family-focussed healthy lifestyle intervention for the management of overweight in 5-9 year old children (The Parenting, Eating and Activity for Child Health (PEACH) Study). The methodology of the intervention is presented in Chapter Two.
Families of overweight 5-9 year old children across two sites (three cohorts per site) were randomized to either a healthy lifestyle group program (HL) or a healthy lifestyle plus parenting group program (HL+P). Parents in both groups received eight 1.5hour group education sessions covering topics on child/family nutrition, physical activity and positive body image. Parents in the HL+P group were offered a four week parenting skills training program prior to this. All information was directed to parents and they were responsible for initiating and maintaining healthy lifestyle changes with their families. The intervention was delivered over a six month period and group differences were examined at this time point (intervention effect) and six months following with no further program contact (maintenance effect). The sample size (n=169) was calculated to demonstrate an estimated reduction in BMI z-score of 30% in the HL+P group and 10% in the HL group over 12 months, allowing for a drop out rate of one third (power=80%, significance=95%). Intention to treat analysis was conducted using ANCOVA.
The effectiveness of the intervention was measured against a comprehensive evaluation plan consisting of:
primary outcome indicators (body mass index (BMI) z-score and waist circumference (WC) z-score) (Chapter Three),
secondary outcome indicators (health-related quality of life (HRQoL), body size dissatisfaction and height z-score) (Chapter Three),
impact evaluation indicators (childrens lifestyle behaviours and parents parenting practices) (Chapter Four),
process evaluation indicators (participant attendance and satisfaction and maintenance of program integrity across sites) (Chapter Four) and
qualitative evaluation of the factors external to the intervention that supported or inhibited families to achieve their healthy lifestyle goals (Chapter Five).
Analysis of the primary outcomes (Chapter Three) found a significant group difference at the six month time point for BMI z-score (HL: -8%, HL+P: -13%, p=0.005), but not WC z-score (HL: -9%, HL+P: -11%, p=0.39). There were no group differences at the 12 month time point (six months following intervention end and with no further program contact). Application of the IOTF definition for childhood overweight and obesity to the full study sample found that 39 (23%) and 130 (77%) children were classified as overweight and obese respectively at baseline. By the six month time point (n=135), six (4%) children fell within the healthy weight range and 38% were classified as overweight and 58% as obese. At 12 months (n=123), 4% of children remained in the healthy weight range, 35% as overweight and 61% as obese. Childrens psychosocial health and linear growth were sustained during the intervention and maintenance periods.
There were no between-group difference observed for any of the childrens lifestyle behaviours (dietary and activity behaviours) or parents parenting practices. However, the group as a whole exhibited significant improvements from baseline for scores of diet quality at the six month time point that were maintained during the following six month non-contact period (p<0.001 for 0-6mth and 0-12mth) (Chapter Four). Small screen usage significantly decreased for the full sample from 0-6 months and 0-12months (p<0.001 for both), however time spent being physically active did not change. Parents in both groups reported improvements in aspects of parenting over both time periods.
Evaluation of process indicators showed that the intervention was well attended and accepted by families (Chapter Four). Seventy three percent (123) of subjects were retained to the 12 month time point and 44% (75) attended at least 75% of scheduled program sessions. Of the 131 parents who responded to a program satisfaction questionnaire, ninety four percent reported receiving the help they desired and 99% would recommend the program to others. The integrity of intervention sessions was upheld across sites providing reassurance that the program protocol was adhered to and demonstrating a good degree of generalisability.
The thematic analysis of interviews conducted with parents at the 12month time point identified more references to barriers than facilitators of healthy lifestyle goal achievement (433 vs 375) (Chapter Five). This chapter highlights the contextual nature of family-based interventions and weight management strategies and the need to consider these during program planning and delivery.
Chapter Six concludes the thesis by summarising its results and highlighting how they have contributed to the evidence base. Study strengths and limitations are described and implications of the findings on practice and future research are presented.
5
Golley, Rebecca Kirsty, e rebecca golley@gmail com. "FAMILY-FOCUSED MANAGEMENT OF OVERWEIGHT IN PRE-PUBERTAL CHILDREN A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL". Flinders University. Medicine, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061018.021848.
Resumo:
Over a quarter of children and two thirds of adults in Australia are overweight, with these estimates reflecting global trends. The literature review in Chapter 1 highlights that treatment of childhood overweight is an important part of the public health approach required to address the obesity epidemic. Energy moderation, behaviour modification and family support are the cornerstones of treatment of childhood overweight. However the evidence to guide best practice is limited, with a call being made for well designed studies to inform age-appropriate effective, long term child weight management. Studies are needed in a range of populations and to assess a range of health outcomes. This thesis tested the hypothesis that, pre-pubertal children whose parents participate in a parent-led, family-focused child weight management intervention comprising parent skills training and intensive lifestyle education will have adiposity, metabolic profiles and indicators of physical and psychosocial functioning after 12 months that are a) improved compared to children wait listed for intervention and b) no different to children whose parents participate in parenting skills training alone (without intensive lifestyle education).
Methods of the randomised controlled trial undertaken with 111 overweight, pre-pubertal 6-9 year olds to test this hypothesis are detailed in Chapter 2. Parents were defined as the agents of change, responsible for attending intervention sessions and implementing family-focused lifestyle change to support child weight management. Two interventions, both utilising parenting skills training, but differing in the presence or absence of intensive lifestyle eduction were compared to a group waitlisted for intervention with a brief pamphlet. Program effectiveness was defined in terms of adiposity together with broader health and evaluation outcomes.
Chapter 3 describes the study population, their flow through the study, the primary outcome BMI z score and waist circumference z score. With parenting plus intensive lifestyle education there was a 10% reduction in BMI z score over 12 months. However this was not statistically different to the 5% reduction observed with parenting alone or intervention waitlisting. There was a significant reduction in waist circumference between baseline and 12 months with parenting alone and parenting plus lifestyle education, but not waitlisting. There was a group, time and gender interaction, with boys receiving intervention having greater reductions in adiposity. In determining intervention effectiveness, growth, metabolic profile and psychosocial outcomes are presented in Chapter 4. While there were limited improvements in metabolic profile and body dissatisfaction, significant improvements were observed in parent-perceived HR-QOL relating to psychosocial and family functioning. Improvements were confined to the intervention groups, parenting plus lifestyle education more than parenting alone. Chapter 5 presents the study process and impact evaluation. Parents were satisfied with the program and reported that it provided the type of help they wanted. Personal, rather than program factors such as work and family commitments limited intervention attendance to 60%. Child health behaviours and parental weight status show positive change in all groups, but favour intervention. Chapter 6 highlights key findings, study strengths/limitations and areas for further research. In conclusion, a parent-led family-focused intervention utilising parenting skills training and healthy family lifestyle is a promising intervention for young overweight children.
6
Kristinsdóttir, Guðrún. "Child welfare and professionalization". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-76756.
Resumo:
This study deals with the qualities of professionalization of public child welfare. Its relationto general social policy is emphasized. The potentials of welfarism are explored as a part ofthe study of crisis of legitimacy and rationality prevalent in welfare systems.The special situation of child welfare in Iceland with a large variation in local socialservices forms an important background of the work. This is related to sociologicaltheorizing and a position taken turns against viewing professionalization as an accumulatingprocess of power as well as the opposite, the blindness of belief in extensive professionalismas a means for creation of "the good life". The line of "family-state-individual" is traced inrelation to the emergence of social work. Child welfare is found to be imprisoned bytradition, since the idea behind children's placement is not thoroughly explored. The issueof a noted technifying and expansive tendency of professional action in cases of child abuseand custodial disputes is treated. A biased treatment of the family is here called "the childwelfare trap". The search for qualities in what traditionally is identified as "bad parenting" infoster care is suggested to be a potential to transcend central dilemmas of the field.A documentation study of poor relief and the support of mothers in the capital of Iceland,Reykjavik of th e 1930's showed an early coexistence of administrative and client-centeredapproaches. In a survey of records on children's placements in the capital of Icela nd,Reykjavik, it was confirmed that this work in an organization with professional employeeswas predominantly bureaucratic and not child-centered, also other results were similar asfound in Nordic studies. In an interview study of two small towns a passivity was shown toprevail in a laymen dominated child welfare practice at the cost of c hildren's needs, whileschool and day care provided support for families. Three significant achievements emergingin interplay with professionalization of social child care, found valid for the Icelandic çase,are seen as having lead to an increased societal sensitivity to deal with human problems.This has created a new acknowledgement of children's right to well-being despite seriouspractical limitations. Due to coexistent conflicting professional practices, a relative absenceof reg ulation and modernizing of services occurring simultaneously with the revision ofwelfarism, a space of action is presumed to exist for shaping of an outline of new practices.Theoretically opposing views on professionalization act as a kind of negative dialectic, onecentered on reproduction of existing practice, the other by presenting a gloominess of anempty-handed doctrine. The analyses of societal changes and child welfare are seen asfrequently ignoring the search for potentials to hand over power to children, not only bygender-blinaness, but by an age-neutrality which excludes children. The "deepening ofwelfare state crisis" is presumed to constitute a required possibility of a new kind of selfreflectionamong professionals. It is suggested that qualitative aspects of commonlyaccepted societal dichotomies will be challenged by the revision of welfare systems and thatthis creates a potential of a reshaping of pr actices, including the support-control dilemmaof c hild welfare.digitalisering@umu
7
Grant, Julian Maree, e julian grant@flinders edu au. "Colliding Realities: An Ethnographic Account of the Politics of Identity and Knowledge in Intercultural Communication in Child and Family Health". Flinders University. Nursing and Midwifery, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20081111.095203.
Resumo:
ABSTRACT
Cultural beliefs and values implicitly shape every aspect of the way we parent our children and how we communicate about parenting. For parents who are migrants and experiencing parenting in a new country it is essential that child and family health professionals better understand how the cultural self influences practice. Child and family health professionals work with families who come from cultures other than their own on a daily basis. How they communicate with these families is the subject of this ethnographic study into culture and communication in child and family health.
Taking culture as its starting point this study explored the everyday communication experiences of child health professionals including child and family health nurses, social workers and doctors in a statewide child and family health service in South Australia. Data included participant observation, video and in-depth interview data. Drawing on insights from cultural studies including postcolonial and feminist scholarship the analysis showed that child health professionals attempted to use contemporary discourses of service provision such as partnership with enthusiasm and with genuine intent. However their application of partnership was limited by unexamined binary constructs within dominant pedagogic tools of culture and communication. Analysis showed that four key binaries structured the communication practice of participants in this study; public or private knowledge, ideologies of sameness or difference, organisational or professional philosophies of practice and the expert or partner in intercultural communication.
Three body analysis is introduced as a strategy to work with these binary challenges that seem to present when practice attempts to incorporate theory without consideration of the contexts of use. The combination of postcolonial feminist critique and three body analysis stimulates an explicit examination of health care inequalities as they intersect with the ongoing effects of colonisation.
Current professional strategies for working with people who are new arrivals or migrants to Australia focus on understanding differences associated with particular ethic and cultural groups. Despite much work being undertaken to understand difference, in practice this culturalist approach underpinned by a belief in the essential nature of human kind, has resulted in people who are migrants or new arrivals continuing to report poor communication by health professionals as a primary barrier to their health care. Theoretical analysis suggests that this approach ignores differences in power relations among ethnic groups and ultimately manifests in racism.
Further, contemporary communication pedagogies in child and family health reinforce this inattention to relations of power when health professionals are instructed to communicate in ways that are regardless of difference. By advocating that people are treated the same, historic and situated issues of gender, race, and socioeconomic inequalities are ignored. In this way binaries of sameness/difference are perpetuated. Those parents located in marginalised positions of difference experience inequities in health care.
In this study, child and family health professionals frequently drew from their own personal experiences of parenting to determine the content of information given to new parents, and to inform their approach to intercultural communication. In doing so they unselfconsciously conflated their personal and professional pedagogies and presented all information as professional. Child and family health practices are deeply cultured. Many practices are not scientifically proven and as such do not fit comfortably with the rational scientific medical paradigm with which they are aligned. Where disciplinary knowledge can be assessed and evaluated, this study found that there was no equivalent place for the evaluation of understanding of cultural knowledge it was assumed as universal.
Deeply cultured personal information tendered by participants represents a normative world that is white, western, middle class and gendered. Participants did not recognise themselves as cultured, nor did they recognise the potential impact of bringing this unexamined cultural self into the professional encounter. This resulted in seepage of practice that was democratically racist. This is where outward commitments to justice equality and fairness paradoxically exist with conflicting personal ideologies of sameness. Challenged to find a place for these constructs to coexist participants outwardly identify with the organisationally preferred position of social justice or evidence-based practice. However, participant observation and discussion of practice demonstrated that when conflicting personal beliefs and values were left unattended they found ways of surreptitiously creeping into and shaping the consultation. It seems that modernist theories do not provide adequate ontological and epistemological understandings for working with, and valuing pluralism in multiculture. Rather they constrict and limit practice which leads to an unrecognised perpetuation of colonising agendas in child and family health.
Findings from this study contribute to the growing need to find ways to work with and unsettle existing binaries of communication and culture. The methods also suggest ways forward to support change in practice leading to professional development that is mindful and regardful of plurality in culture and communication. Interweaving three body analyses with postcolonial feminism offers a decolonising strategy for application in the multiculture that is Australia. Due to the spatial and temporal spaces created by using three bodies alongside postcolonial feminism, this combination becomes a tangible approach to deconstruction, for child and family health professionals that is both theoretical and practical.
8
Peet, Gregory A. "Establishing children in the local church for Christian living". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.
9
Nixon, Catherine L. "Communicating about sexual health and relationships within local authority care placements". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6291/.
Resumo:
Background: Evidence from population-level studies demonstrates that adolescent sexual health outcomes are associated with social exclusion, and that certain groups, including young people looked after by local authorities often experience poorer sexual health outcomes. The poorer sexual health outcomes observed for looked after young people has led to the Scottish Government recommending that looked after young people be prioritised for the delivery of sexual health and relationships education, and that residential carers, foster carers and social workers should play a key role in the delivery of sexual health and relationships information to looked after young people. This recommendation builds on existing policy initiatives that have emphasised that parents should be routinely talking to their children about sexual health and relationships. Despite a growing research interest in the health of looked after young people, there is currently little known about how sexual health and relationships discussions are undertaken within the care setting. This is because much of the research that has been published to date has focussed upon identifying barriers to communication rather than establishing how communications are shaped by the characteristics of carers, looked after children and the wider context of the care system. In this thesis I hope to address this research gap by exploring what factors shape communications about sexual health and relationships within the care setting, and examining the extent to which connectedness, monitoring and supervision — parenting factors identified as promoting positive sexual health outcomes for adolescents within the wider literature — mediate these discussions. Methods: 54 in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with looked after young people (aged 14-18), care leavers (aged 16-23), residential workers, foster carers and social workers in one local authority in Scotland between August and December 2011. Data were analysed thematically, with data collected from corporate parents and looked after young people used to compare and contrast experiences of talking about sexual health within the care setting. Findings: The results presented in this study demonstrate that there has been a perceived shift in attitudes towards talking to looked after young people about their sexual health, and that residential carers, foster carers and social workers believe that talking to young people about sexual health and relationships should be a core responsibility of the corporate parent. Despite this, the results of this study demonstrate that talking to young people about sexual health and relationship is a subject that is fraught with tensions, with many of the corporate parents interviewed expressing difficulties reconciling their own views about the appropriateness of talking to young people about sexual behaviours with their professional responsibility to inform and protect looked after young people from risk. Looking specifically at how communications about sexual health and relationships were undertaken within the care setting, the results of this study show that talking to young people in care about sexual health and relationships is mediated by the impact or pre-care and care histories, in particular maltreatment and poor attachment security, upon young people’s understandings of relationships and their ability to trust other people and seek out help and support. Whilst corporate parents emphasised the need for training to help them identify strategies for talking to young people about sexual health and relationships, the results of this study show that corporate parents are already undertaking sexual health and relationships work that is tailored to the age and stage of the child, and is balanced by the provision of monitoring and supervision to minimise risk. Conclusions: The results of this thesis show that discussions about sexual health and relationships need to be underpinned by a trusting relationship between corporate parents and looked after children. As such, an emphasis needs to be placed upon improving young people’s ability to trust other people. Improving permanency for young people in the care system, in conjunction with the development of attachment based sexual health practices, may result in the promotion of positive outcomes for looked after young people. Future policies and training relating to the provision of sexual health and relationships education within the care system should reflect this fact.
10
Reimer, Jill Katheryn. "Local negotiation of globalised educational discourses : the case of Child Friendly Schools in rural Cambodia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43691.
Resumo:
Despite massive donor aid to the education sector over the past two decades, school achievement in Cambodia remains poor. Key challenges include low survival rates, limited contact hours, poor literacy skills, and gender disparity. The question of why basic education continues to fail Cambodian children catalysed this research. This feminist postcolonial inquiry analysed the interface between the global and the local as expressed in Child Friendly Schools (CFS) policy to understand how local Cambodian communities negotiate hegemonic transnational influences. It explored how schools and communities understand and implement CFS on their own terms and how concurrent global discourse about gender equality has impacted gendered identities and relations. This “vertical case study” shows how exogenous influences are mediated through local perspectives. At least seven critical elements of the Cambodian socio-cultural milieu (worldview, protracted conflict, educational history, political system, poverty, gender perspectives, educational philosophy) converge to shape micro- (school, village) and meso-level (national) response to macro-level (global) influences. While numerous international norms have been institutionalised as policy, many have not been internalised. Local response to global educational discourses takes five forms: deployment, incorporation, adaptation, contestation, and resistance. In some cases, the response is wilful and deliberately negotiated. In other cases it may reflexively arise from conflicting values; witness, for instance, traditional perspectives on gender and gender equality. While homogenisation of basic education clearly occurs at the rhetorical level, hybridity characterises actual implementation. Cambodia’s negotiation of international norms has resulted in poor quality education; much educational reform has been in form rather than in substance. Study findings show that gender norms, as expressed in school-related texts and relationships, have not been significantly influenced toward gender equality. Rather, the male-centric status quo is supported through teacher attitudes, textbook content, the neutering of gender mainstreaming processes, and the defining of equality in essentially economic terms. A more coherent and contextualised (and therefore relevant and vernacular) version of elementary education can be achieved by applying a social justice frame which necessarily includes dialogue around cultural values. For policy sharing to succeed, senders and recipients alike must attend seriously to local context, particularly how worldview mediates practice.
11
Hutchison, Beverly. "Social workers and lawyers, a study of interprofessional collaboration within a local child protection agency". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0011/MQ32138.pdf.
12
Shipman, Helen R. "Exploring local understandings of child sexual abuse : voices from an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2016. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/31552/.
Resumo:
Since the emergence of the global child rights movement in the late 1990s, there has been a notable increase in research and policy focusing on child sexual abuse (CSA) in African settings (Mildred & Plummer, 2009). My thesis contributes to this field by using a case study approach to examine how residents of an informal settlement define and respond to CSA. Studies in Tanzanian settings have started to explore communities’ perceptions of CSA (Abeid, Muganyizi, Olsson, Darj, & Axemo, 2014; Kisanga, Nystrom, Hogan, & Emmelin, 2011). However, the thesis moves beyond questioning what types of sexual acts are understood to constitute CSA, instead asking why some acts are considered abusive and others not. Recognizing the culturally constructed nature of abuse, it examines how living within the informal settlement context affects residents’ understandings of two prominent themes: consent and harm. The thesis also examines local protective mechanisms for preventing and responding to acts of CSA. When considering CSA prevention, it notes that local prevention strategies typically utilize a risk avoidance approach; there is consequently inadequate emphasis on addressing social, economic and infrastructural factors perpetuating the risk of CSA within informal settlements. Moreover, in a research setting where statutory and community-based normative frameworks co-exist, the thesis analyses the impact of legal pluralism on decision-making relating to access to justice. Drawing on Moore’s (1973) concept of semi-autonomous social fields, it argues that the co-existence of multiple systems allows for a high level of choice over which interventions to pursue. However, adults typically make decisions on victims’ behalf, potentially choosing interventions that meet their own interests, rather than prioritizing the child’s. The choice offered by co-existing normative systems can therefore disadvantage victims of CSA in their pursuit of justice.
13
Lesenya, Mogalane Edward. "Community perceptions on child support grant: a case study of the Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1593.
Resumo:
Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2015The present study is about community perception on child support grant (CSG) in Lepelle Nkumpi, in the Limpopo Province. The main aim of the study was to investigate the use of CSG by the beneficiaries and the community perceptions thereof on CSG abuse in South African Social Security Agency (SASSA). The objectives were to investigate the use of CSG by the beneficiaries, to identify the weakness in SASSA policy on the granting of CSG, to analyse the community perception about the abuse of CSG and to provide workable solutions to the existing problems of child grant. Structured interviews, questionnaires and literature were used to collect data. The study concluded that SASSA employees and community members believe that beneficiaries are abusing child support grant while beneficiaries believes that child support grant is used properly.
14
Cofré, Muñoz Carola. "Imaginario local femenino". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101515.
15
Pennerstorfer, Astrid, e Dieter Pennerstorfer. "How small are small markets? Local market size for child care Services, Working Paper No. 1814". Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/7022/1/wp1814.pdf.
Resumo:
In this article, we propose an innovative way of delineating local markets based on easily accessible data. We apply this concept to the day care industry and investigate providers' location choices relative to local market characteristics to evaluate the widespread presumption that local markets for child care services are geographically very small. Using a panel of all day care centers for the metropolitan region of Vienna, Austria, for nearly a decade, as well as geographically extremely disaggregated data on the spatial distribution of children under the age of six at the 250m×250m grid cell level, we find that the location of children and day care centers are strongly related, but this relationship diminishes as soon as the distance between a child's place of residence and the day care center's location increases. We conclude that local markets for day care services in metropolitan regions are indeed very small (about 500m or 550 yards).
16
Holmlund, Linda. "Essays on Child Care and Higher Education". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-26013.
Resumo:
This thesis consists of a summary and four self-contained papers. Paper [I] examines whether fathers influence the time their children spend in subsidized child care. Two non-nested models of family child care demand are estimated. The parameter estimates indicate that several characteristics of the father are associated with the time his child spends in child care. J-tests and bootstrapped J-tests also show that a model where the father’s characteristics are excluded can be rejected in favour of a model where his characteristics are included. Paper [II] considers the effects of the Swedish child care fee reform on public expenditures and taxation in the municipalities. A difference-in-difference approach is employed where outcomes are compared with respect to the municipalities’ pre-reform fee systems. The results show that pre-reform characteristics determine taxes and child care expenditures in the post-reform period. It is also found that changes in child care quality were not connected to the pre-reform systems characteristics. Paper [III] provides evidence of the effect of college quality on earnings in Sweden. The results suggest that the link between college quality and earnings is weak. A small positive effect is found for individuals that are likely to work full time. Controlling for region of work affects the estimated effects, indicating a correlation between choice of college quality and choice of labour market region. In Paper [IV], earnings differences between transfer and non-transfer students are analysed. The results show that earnings, during the first years after leaving the university, are significantly lower for students who change universities compared to students who do not change. The earnings differences decrease significantly over time and over the earnings distribution.
17
JULIANO, Maria do Carmo. "Capacidade local em política de saúde: uma análise dos municípios brasileiros". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18063.
Resumo:
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Qual o efeito da capacidade local sobre a mortalidade infantil nos municípios brasileiros? Este trabalho analisa a capacidade local dos 5.570 municípios brasileiros na oferta de política de saúde e seu efeito sobre a variação da mortalidade infantil, a partir de duas dimensões: administrativa e Institucional. Dados do perfil dos municípios brasileiros do IBGE e dos indicadores Municipais do rol de Indicadores, Diretrizes, objetivos, metas e indicadores 2013 do DATASUS, são usados como medida de capacidade local. Como fator explicativo para a variação da mortalidade infantil são usadas nove variáveis distribuídas nas duas dimensões. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e regressão linear múltipla pelo modelo dos Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO). Com o uso do modelo de regressão para a dimensão administrativa, os resultados apontam que quanto maior a proporção de estatutários, médicos e equipes de atenção básica menor a mortalidade infantil. Com o uso da regressão linear múltipla para a dimensão institucional, os resultados apontam que as variáveis Plano, Conselho e reuniões apresentaram o sinal esperado. Os resultados gerais indicam que os municípios com maior capacidade apresentam mortalidade infantil menor.
What is the effect of local capacity on infant mortality in Brazilian municipalities? This dissertation analyzes the local capacity of 5,570 Brazilian municipalities in health policy supply and its effect on the variation in infant mortality, from two dimensions: administrative and institutional. Data from IBGE’s “Profile of Brazilian Municipalities” and DATASUS’s 2013 municipal indicators list, guidelines, goals, targets, and indicators are used as a measure of local capacity. As an explanatory factor for the variation in infant mortality are used nine variables distributed in two dimensions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression model by ordinary least squares (OLS). With the use of the regression model for the administrative dimension, the results indicate that the higher the proportion of civil servants, doctors and basic care teams the smaller the child mortality. With the use of multiple linear regression for the institutional dimension, the results indicate that the variables Plan, Council, and meetings presented the expected sign. The overall results indicate that municipalities with greater capacity have lower infant mortality.
18
Seibert, Horace Alan. "Child Study as a Prereferral Mechanism at the Elementary Level in a Southwestern Virginia Local Education Agency". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26787.
Resumo:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the child study process in a local education agency (LEA) with four elementary schools. These data determine the extent that prereferral interventions are being implemented and whether these strategies influence the outcome of the Child Study Committee (CSC) decision.
All referrals to the CSC for the 1998-1999 school year (n=108) at the elementary level were examined to describe the students who are referred according to four primary independent variables of gender, grade level, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES). Free or reduced lunch was used as the measure for SES. Students referred were members of the total elementary population of 1884 students in the LEA. The total population was described according to gender, grade level, ethnicity, and SES. Using cross tabulation techniques, the percentages of CSC referrals in each category are compared to the population. Chi-square analysis was used to determine the significance (p<.05) of any differences in the observed distribution of this mutually exclusive categorical data.
Records of CSC meetings were reviewed to identify the presence of prereferral interventions. Prereferral interventions are recommendations given by the CSC to help remedy a student's problem before referral for evaluation for special education is made. Two independent raters examined the reason for referral and the recommendations made by the CSC. The reasons and recommendations were categorized according to academic problems, behavioral problems, or one of three possible combinations of both. Inter-rater reliability was measured using percent agreement across all categories and Cohen's kappa was calculated to provide additional rater validation. Rater results were used to check for congruence between the problems leading to the referral and the interventions recommended. Records of students who were referred for evaluation for special education were studied to determine the percentages found eligible and ineligible, and were examined according to gender, grade level, ethnicity, and SES.
Compared to the population, the group of students referred to the CSC during the 1998-1999 school year was over-representative of males and of students with low SES. Most referrals to the CSC were for academic reasons. In cases where the CSC did not recommend a full evaluation for consideration of special education services, the committee recommended prereferral interventions. The recommendations of the committee typically were congruent with the reason for referral, but often did not specifically state who was responsible for implementing the interventions recommended.Ed. D.
19
Young, Alyson G. "Young Child Health Among Eyasi Datoga: Socioeconomic Marginalization, Local Biology, and Infant Resilience within the Mother-Infant Dyad". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195259.
Resumo:
This biocultural study of infant health and the sensitivity of maternal caretaking strategies was conducted between November 2004 and February 2006 among Datoga, a semi-nomadic pastoral group living in north central Tanzania. A sample of 40 mother-infant dyads were selected to examine the political economy of household constraints and how maternal decisions interact with infant biology to 'embody' social inequality and create patterns of health and illness among young Datoga children. The primary objectives of the research were: 1) Identify the critical periods within early childhood where interactions between household production, nutrition, and health status increase the vulnerability of Datoga infants; 2) Identify how caregivers perceive of changes in infant health and how they use this information to balance allocation of resources between caregiving and household production; 3) Examine how sociopolitical marginalization is impacting Datoga households by determining the intrahousehold variables that act most strongly to constrain women's ability to care for children; 4) Identify how household ecology and caretaking interact with infant development to create patterns of resilience within the mother-infant dyad. The findings from the study indicate that the socioeconomic marginalization of Datoga has severe consequences for child health and well-being. These consequences are evident in the relationship between 'idioms of distress' used to express feelings of vulnerability and disparities in health among both Datoga children and adults. Thus, more attention needs to be paid to the 'socialization' of disease in local contexts and the ways in which the marginalization of Datoga is influencing their exposure to risks for poor health outcomes. Nonetheless, the sensitivity of maternal response has a positive influence on patterns of child health among Datoga, even in the most marginal conditions. Although the cumulative effects of maternal condition during pregnancy and post-natal feeding practices are acting to create patterns of poor nutrition and high illness rates among Datoga children, other variables (such as the amount of time spent in close proximity with the infant) can shift the negative cascade of events and mediate the long-term consequences of even severe adversity.
20
Nice, Vivien E. "Child-centred practice : the meaning and experience of remaining child-centred for local authority field social workers assessing and providing services to children in need and their families". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426774.
21
Collins, Katherine Rachel Hermsen Joan M. "Examining the provision of child care subsidies across Missouri counties the relationship between local dynamics and CCDF subsidy supply /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6077.
Resumo:
The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on October 7, 2009) Thesis advisor: Dr. Joan Hermsen. Includes bibliographical references.
22
Younis, Forssman Joulin, e Emma Jacobsson. "Gender Mainstreaming in Kisumu County High Schools : A Study of Gender Mainstreaming Policy Implementation on the Local Level in Kenya". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-61311.
23
AKHTER, FERDOUSI, e none. "THE ROLE OF FAMILY PLANNING IN REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY IN BANGLADESH". Flinders University. Women's Studies Department, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090923.134605.
Resumo:
The main objective of the study is to analyze the role of family planning program in reducing maternal mortality in Bangladesh. A conceptual framework has been developed in which family planning is shown to be integrated in reducing maternal mortality. This study found that the risk factors of maternal mortality e.g. unwanted pregnancy, high parity, and early and old age at child birth still prevail in Bangladesh. It is hypothesized that the prevalence of these factors can be substantially reduced by a proper practice of family planning. There is a high level of unmet need for family planning Bangladesh, and its removal will substantially help in reducing maternal mortality in the country.
The risk factors of maternal mortality are strongly associated with lack of family planning practice and other socio-economic and demographic background characteristics of women. By using data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) of 2004 and the Bangladesh Maternal Health and Maternal Mortality Survey (BMMS) of 2001 the study has analyzed the relationship of the risk factors of maternal mortality, namely wantedness of pregnancy, age at child birth, parity and birth interval with various socio-demographic factors. The analysis has shown that use status of family planning is influenced by the risk factors of maternal mortality. Wantedness of pregnancy has been found to be significantly related with age at birth, parity and birth interval. It has been also found that the risk factors of maternal mortality also affect on antenatal care.
The study has identified some policy implications regarding family planning and maternal mortality, and has made appropriate recommendations. One of the major aspects of the strategies to reduce maternal mortality through family planning is to provide family planning services to all women, regardless of any group affiliation. Fulfilment of unmet for family planning has been recommended as an important strategy to reduce maternal mortality in the country. It addition, it is also recommended to raise the age at marriage and child birth, to space births and to limit family size by empowering women through education.
24
Segerholm, Christina. "Att förändra barnomsorgen : En analys av en statlig satsning på lokalt utvecklingsarbete". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-16575.
25
Kozey, Stephen William. "Local knowledge as praxis : a reflective critical narrative of child welfare practice and service to Aboriginal children and families". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42555.
Resumo:
“The truth about stories is that’s all we are.” Thomas King (2003, p.2).
This study is a reflective critical narrative by a non-Aboriginal practitioner whose professional practice has been associated with provision of services to Aboriginal children and families. The themes of the study include: my efforts to make meaning and theorize about my practice; illustrations of how Aboriginal epistemologies and worldviews have transformed my practice; and evidence in the literature, supported by my practice experience, that meaningful service change inclusive of ‘place-centered knowledge’ is necessary for transforming child welfare service and service delivery.
My narrative draws on: stories and oral accounts of Aboriginal Elders and carriers of local knowledges; families engaged in Aboriginal Family Group Conferences; statements of Aboriginal community leaders and non-Aboriginal human service agency personnel including government officials. Some of the data is represented in the vignettes; from personal reflections of my participation in ceremonial work and Family Group Conference sharing circles.
This reflective narrative responds to three questions: first; what knowledge and human service practice elements a non-Aboriginal professional service provider should possess in order to provide an effective service to Aboriginal children and families, second; what are the impacts of re-introducing local knowledge as the foundation upon which an alternative and effective Aboriginal child welfare service delivery system can be achieved, and third; what paradigm shifts in human services are necessary for the professional helping disciplines to become ‘facilitators of’ rather than ‘obstacles to’ changes that are required for the effective delivery of child welfare services to Aboriginal populations?
I call for a service change that re-introduces local cultural practices including ceremony, healing, and sacred spiritual practices; and a general shift in relationships between professionals and families from a linear ‘results based’ approach that identifies with professionalism and Eurocentric knowledge to a relational and ‘process based’ connection and communication that is characteristic of Indigenous epistemologies. Such a transformation is necessary in order to engage the collective resources of Aboriginal extended families to help reduce the high rates of Aboriginal children held in Provincial protective care across Canada.
26
Varde, Abhijit. "Local looking, developing a context-specific model for a visual ethnography a representational study of child labor in India /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1132682652.
27
Chand, Ashok. "Family support and child protection services for South Asian children and families : a study of four English local authorities". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432447.
28
Carvalho, Fernanda Matias de. "AvaliaÃÃo da reaÃÃo de crianÃas submetidas à anestesia odontolÃgica local com seringa convencional e com desenho externo modificado". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7413.
Resumo:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorApesar dos avanÃos da ciÃncia, o medo e ansiedade, por razÃes odontolÃgicas, ainda acometem uma grande quantidade de pessoas, comprometendo a procura por tratamento e resultando, ocasionalmente, em baixos nÃveis de saÃde oral. A aparÃncia fÃsica dos instrumentos parece ser um dos principais causadores de medo e ansiedade no meio odontolÃgico, e a seringa anestÃsica à o instrumental que mais desencadeia estes sentimentos. Assim, diminuir a ansiedade e o medo do tratamento odontolÃgico deveria ser uma das prioridades do cirurgiÃo-dentista. Para tanto, a presente dissertaÃÃo teve por objetivo comparar as reaÃÃes apresentadas por crianÃas que foram anestesiadas com um dispositivo em formato lÃdico e com uma seringa tradicional, com a finalidade de analisar se uma mudanÃa no desenho externo da seringa anestÃsica seria capaz de influenciar os nÃveis de ansiedade, medo e dor dos pacientes. Sessenta e quatro crianÃas, com idade ente 4-10 anos, foram distribuÃdas aleatoriamente em dois grupos, de acordo com o dispositivo a ser utilizado na primeira sessÃo anestÃsica. G1 (Convencional) e G2 (Design modificado). Os participantes submeteram-se a duas sessÃes anestÃsicas, e cada paciente foi anestesiado com ambos dispositivos. Um Ãnico pesquisador, odontopediatra, realizou os procedimentos anestÃsicos que foram filmados e consistiram de anestesias terminais infiltrativas, na regiÃo posterior da maxila. Devido ao carÃter multidimensional do medo, ansiedade e dor, uma combinaÃÃo de testes foi utilizada para avaliÃ-los, como: O teste de medo da crianÃa (Child Fear Survey Schedule â Dental Subscale - CFSS-DS), escala de ansiedade facial (Facial Anxiety Scale- FAS), frequÃncia cardÃaca, escala som, olhos e movimento (Sound, Eyes and Motor-SEM), escala visual analÃga â Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) e escala Frankl. As escalas foram aplicadas em momentos predeterminados, como: sala de espera (SE), cadeira odontolÃgica (CO), inÃcio da anestesia (IA) e final da anestesia (FA). ApÃs a segunda sessÃo anestÃsica, as crianÃas escolheram o dispositivo que mais as agradou. Os resultados mostraram que 78% da amostra foi classificada como pouco ansiosa (CFSS-DS). Nenhuma diferenÃa estatisticamente significante pÃde ser observada nas diferentes escalas, ao comparar o dispositivo tradicional com o modificado. A seringa com mudanÃa no design foi a preferida por 57,8% das crianÃas. As crianÃas ansiosas relataram mais dor que as nÃo ansiosas (p=0,001) e o estado emocional variou nas diferentes situaÃÃes: SE, CO, IA e FA. (p<0,05). Assim, concluiu-se que a aparÃncia da seringa à importante, mas nÃo à fundamental no controle da ansiedade, medo e dor de crianÃas submetidas à anestesia odontolÃgica.
Despite advances in Odontology, fear and anxiety regarding dentistry still affect a large number of people who, because of their fears, fail to seek treatment; this can result in low levels of oral health. The physical appearance of the instruments used by dentists seems to be a major cause of such fear and anxiety with regard to dentistry. The anesthetic syringe is the instrument that causes the strongest feelings of fear. So, the prevention of dental anxiety and patients fear should be one of the dentistâs highest priorities, this study aims to compare the reactions shown when children were anesthetized with a modified device and when they were anesthetized with a traditional syringe, and examine the results to see if a change in the external design of the anesthetic syringe can influence the levels of anxiety, fear and pain of patients. Sixty-four children aged 4-10 years were randomly assigned into two groups according to the device to be used in the first session of anesthesia. G1 (Traditional Syringe) and G2 (Modified syringe). Participants underwent two sessions and each patient was anesthetized with both devices. A single researcher performed anesthetic procedures, which were videotaped and the procedure consisted of infiltrative anesthesia in the posterior area of the maxilla. Due to the multidimensional nature of fear, anxiety and pain, a combination of tests was used to access them: Child Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale - CFSS-DS, Facial Anxiety Scale-FAS, heart rate, the SEM scale Sound, Eyes and Motor, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Frankl scale. These tests were applied in predefined situations as the waiting room (WR), the dental chair (DC), during the onset of anesthesia (OA) and end of anesthesia (EA). After the second session of anesthesia, children chose the device that they preferred. The results showed that most 78% children were classified as having a low level of anxiety (CFSS-DS). No significant difference was observed when comparing the traditional and modified devices. The syringe with a change in design was preferred by (57.8%) of the children. The anxious children reported more pain than non-anxious (p = 0.001) and their emotional state varied in different situations: WR, DC, OA and EA. (P <0.05). Thus, it was concluded that the appearance of the syringe is important, but not essential in order to control the anxiety, fear and pain which children suffer when undergoing dental anesthesia.
29
Castillo, Canales Dante. "Matrices sociopolíticas en el espacio local urbano". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106443.
30
Morgan, Aimee Louise. "The educational needs of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children in UK in one local authority in England : professional and child perspectives". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34337.
Resumo:
This two-part small-scale research is positioned within a social constructionist interpretive epistemology. Both parts of the research used qualitative methods. Part One explores the perspectives of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children (UASC) in relation to their educational experiences in the UK. It also considers the experiences, opportunities and challenges for school and college staff with supporting the educational needs of UASC in a shire county in England. The methodology employed to collect the data for Part One consisted of semi-structured interviews with six professionals and the ‘Talking Stones’ (Wearmouth, 2004) interview technique with six UASC. For Part Two of the research, a Collaborative Action Research (CAR) approach was used consisting of one cycle of three group supervision sessions with five professionals from Part One. Within the group supervision sessions, a Solution Circles framework was implemented and participants were encouraged to prepare cases to discuss and collaboratively problem solve. The benefits to supporting the needs of UASC by introducing professionals to the process of group supervision are also explored. Braun and Clarke’s (2006) interpretation of Thematic Analysis was employed across both phases as a method of data analysis. This enabled themes to be identified which emerged from the data. Two key findings were discovered to play a significant role in the UASC’s social and emotional wellbeing: the uncertainty of the UASC’s future in relation to their unresolved asylum status and their acquisition and fluency of English language. The latter is discussed in relation to how fully the students felt able to integrate and communicate their needs. Barriers to language also link closely to students accessing the curriculum and their experience of inclusion within the setting. An array of opportunities and challenges of supporting the social and emotional needs of UASC are outlined by school and college staff. Such findings include: recognising and identifying the social and emotional needs of UASC, a lack of experience and opportunities for staff training, challenges with inclusion and integration of UASC within the educational settings, funding and available resources, developing supportive and trusting relationships over time and forming social connections. Within the paper, these findings are explored in relation to Bronfenbrenner’s (1979; 1989) Ecological Systems Theory. Implications for educational professionals and for educational psychology practitioners are discussed.
31
Ibrahim, Habibie. "A study of emotions and emotional intelligence in Malaysian child and family social workers : the contribution of emotions and emotional intellience in working relationships and decision-making processes of child and family social workers : a Malaysian case study". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14412.
Resumo:
This research aimed to investigate the contributions of emotions and Emotional Intelligence (EI) to social work practice with children and families in Malaysia. A mixture of methods within an ethnographic approach was used. The Assessing Emotions Scale (AES) (Schutte et al., 2007) was completed by 105 child social workers. The levels of EI and differences in EI according to certain demographic characteristics were identified. Individual interviews with 25 child social workers were conducted to explore their perceptions concerning emotions and EI in the workplace. Observations were carried out over a period of three months to investigate how emotions were expressed in terms of behaviour. The quantitative results showed that levels of EI were high (mean=131.69, SD=12.483). The workers were reported to be emotionally intelligent in perceiving emotions, dealing with their own and others’ emotions and utilising emotions in their professional conduct. There were no significant differences by gender (p-value=0.367 > 0.05), marital status (p-value=0.694 > 0.05), age group F (d=3, 101), P > .05=1.468) or length of service F (d=4,100), P > .05=0.331), but there was a difference with regard to educational level F (d=3,101), P < .05=6.878). The qualitative research findings seemed to show that skills in empathising, expressing and regulating one’s and others’ emotional experiences, as well as religious practice factors, contributed to EI. The qualitative research findings also revealed the strength of religious beliefs in Malaysian social workers, which facilitate the qualities of EI. The present study implies that the spiritual and religious dimension of practice should not be ignored in social work education and training.
32
Goble, Jay A. "No Child Left Behind legislation and its impact on local curriculum decisions, classroom instruction and teacher job satisfaction in downstate Illinois /". Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1791777741&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Resumo:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2009."Department of Education Administration." Keywords: High-stakes testing, Narrowing of curriculum, NCLB, Teacher job satisfaction, No Child Left Behind, Curriculum, Job satisfaction, Illinois. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-172). Also available online.
33
Gibson, Matthew. "The role of self-conscious emotions in child protection social work practice : a case study of a local authority safeguarding service". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6886/.
Resumo:
This thesis reports on the first study into the role of self-conscious emotions, namely pride, shame, guilt, humiliation, and embarrassment, in social work practice. Employing a qualitative case study research design, involving the safeguarding service of one local authority, ethnographic constructionist grounded theory methods were used to develop a conceptual understanding of these emotional experiences in the practice of the social workers involved. Integrating data from 246.5 hours of observations, 99 diary entries, 33 assessments written by the social workers, 19 interviews, and 329 pages of documents relating to the organisation, this study analyses the context for these emotional experiences within the case study site, how they were experienced, and their influence on the social workers’ practice. It argues that these emotional experiences are inherently part of practice, influencing what the social workers did and how they did it, which could be manipulated by others to regulate the social workers’ identities so that they acted in institutionally ‘appropriate’ ways. While some social workers felt proud to act in such a manner in some contexts, often resulting in a difficult experience for the parents, most social workers felt constrained, believing they were no longer doing social work, and in some contexts sought to resist the institutional expectations.
34
Goble, Jay Allen. "NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPACT ON LOCAL CURRICULUM DECISIONS, CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION AND TEACHER JOB SATISFACTION IN DOWNSTATE ILLINOIS". OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/289.
Resumo:
The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of the landmark educational reform legislation, No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) on four specific areas within the local educational setting: (1) local curriculum decisions (2) teaching decisions as they relate to daily instruction (3) potential narrowing of the curriculum and (4) teacher job satisfaction. All public schools in the United States are now subject to the mandates of NCLB. This legislation marked a profound change in the relationship between the federal government and state and local educational agencies. NCLB represents an expansion of the federal role in education where federal control of education has reached deeper than ever before into the heart of state and local educational operations. As a result, NCLB has direct implications for what takes place educationally in the individual classroom. The local educational setting and the individual classroom is where this study focused its efforts. This study suggests that NCLB has had, and will continue to have, a major impact on curriculum decisions at the local level as well as classroom instructional decisions made either by the teacher or enforced upon the classroom teacher by local administrative or local school district mandates. The study also suggests that this impact will be driven by the requirement that schools achieve a specified rate of progress in the areas of mathematics and reading as measured through the use of standardized tests. Under NCLB a school's performance on state reading and mathematics tests will determine if the school and its district make adequate yearly progress, commonly referred to as AYP. Schools that fail to meet the annual achievement goals are subjected to an escalating series of sanctions. This study sought to determine if curriculum decisions at the district and administrative level have been driven by NCLB and the AYP component. The study sought to determine if curriculum decisions and classroom practices on the part of teachers were influenced by NCLB. Additionally the study sought to determine if NCLB and the AYP component have caused a narrowing of the curriculum and if so, to what extent. Finally, this study sought to determine if NCLB and the AYP component had any impact on teacher job satisfaction as it pertains to classroom instructional decisions and teacher autonomy.
35
Robles, Sebastian. "Business intelligence in Chile, recommendations to develop local applications". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70831.
Resumo:
Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, June 2011."February 2010." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 60).
The volume of information generated from enterprise applications is growing exponentially, and the cost of storage is decreasing rapidly. In addition, cloud-based applications, mobile devices and social networks are becoming relevant sources of unstructured data that provide essential information for strategic decisions making. Therefore, with time, enterprise databases will become more valuable for business but also much harder to integrate, process and analyze. Business Intelligence software was instrumental in helping organizations to analyze information and provide reports to support business decision-making. Accordingly, BI applications evolved as enterprise information grew, hardware-processing capacities developed, and storage cost is being reduced significantly. In this paper, we will analyze the current BI world market and compare it with the Chilean market, in order to come up with business plan recommendations for local developers and systems integrators interested in capitalizing the opportunities generated by the global BI software market consolidation.
by Sebastian Robles.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
36
Youngman, Elizabeth Anne. "The Development of Curriculum-based Measurement Local Norms in the Area of Written Expression". TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/174.
Resumo:
This project used Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) in the area of Written Expression to establish district norms for Bowling Green City Schools. CBM uses brief fluency measures as indicators of students' academic performance. With the use of CBM, it is possible to identify students who are considered to be at-risk for educational performance. AIMSweb probes were used to assess 1,565 first through fifth grade students from five elementary schools within the Bowling Green Independent School District. Performance was scored using the three most common scoring indices: Total Words Written (TWW), Words Spelled Correctly (WSC), and Correct Word Sequence (CWS). Data collected from this study are presented as norms at the building and district-wide levels. Each table (see Tables 2 -16) indicates student performance from each school on TWW, WSC, or CWS for a specific grade level. The tables illustrate what raw score corresponds to percentile ranks at the 10th,16th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 84th, and 90th percentiles. The 50th percentile would be considered typical performance for an "average" student at that particular time of year and grade level. Findings from this study will be beneficial in making educational decisions regarding students potentially at risk for difficulties in the area of written expression.
37
Mukinda, Fidele Kanyimbu. "Forms and Functioning of Local Accountability Mechanisms for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health: A Case Study of Gert Sibande District, South Africa". University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8276.
Resumo:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe value of accountability as a key feature of strengthening health systems and reducing maternal, newborn and child mortality is increasingly emphasised globally, nationally and locally. Frontline health professionals and managers play a crucial role in promoting maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) services in an equitable and accountable manner. They are at the interface between higher-level health system management and communities, facing demands from both sides and often expected to perform beyond their available means. Although accountability is a central topic in the governance of MNCH literature, it has mostly been approached at global and national levels, with little understanding of how accountability is integrated into the routine functioning of local health systems. This PhD explores the forms and functioning of accountability at the district level focusing on MNCH as a programmatic area with long-established institutional mechanisms (structures and processes) in South Africa (SA). The thesis is presented in the form of four empirical papers (published or submitted), exploring different dimensions of accountability, which are embedded in a series of narrative chapters. In this thesis, accountability is understood as a set of relations between an accountholder and ‘accountor’ (or duty bearer), in which the latter provides information or justification for actions or decisions taken, and faces the resulting consequences of his/her actions (reward or sanction). Accountability mechanisms are the means to regulate accountability relationships and include broad strategies, interventions or instruments. These mechanisms can take various forms including performance, financial and public accountability, and operate both vertically (accountability inside bureaucratic hierarchies, or towards external stakeholders and/or the community), or horizontally (between peers, ‘neighbour’ units, departments or ministries in a national health system). Drawing conceptually on the field of governance and considering the complexity of the accountability phenomenon, I adopted a case study approach to the PhD research, using a combination of policy document review, interviews (with managers, providers, community representatives and members of labour unions) and field observations, conducted iteratively over 16 months. The study was conducted in Gert Sibande District, one of the three South African health districts in Mpumalanga Province, with an in-depth focus on two of the seven sub-districts in the District. The research found that frontline health professionals have a clear understanding and conceptualisation of accountability in the SA health policy context, despite the reported inability to define accountability by health professionals described in the literature. Respondents referred to accountability as responsibility, answerability and virtue, and also argued for strengthening accountability mechanisms as critical to addressing maternal and child mortality. While deeming accountability as important, frontline professionals experienced the existing accountability mechanisms as ‘too much’ and indicated the desire for the streamlining of existing mechanisms. In this regard, the study documented numerous mechanisms at district level, almost all related to performance accountability in MNCH. These included a performance management system, quality assessment and accreditation processes, quarterly reviews, and death surveillance and response processes. The existence of multiple and overlapping accountability mechanisms engenders operational confusion and ‘accountability overload’ for frontline providers, encouraging empty bureaucratic compliance, while critical gaps – notably in community accountability – remain. In practice, at their best, some mechanisms operate following a reciprocal1 pathway of capacity building with resource provision (from management) and expectation for better performance (from providers). There were, however, contextual variations in the implementation and practice of the mechanisms between sub-district settings. The fieldwork observations and interviews were also able to document how formal institutionalised mechanisms are embedded within a complex system of informal accountability relationships and social norms (‘accountability ecosystem’) that enables or constrains the ability of frontline professionals to fulfil their tasks. In addition, using a Social Network Analysis approach, the research identified key actors and their involved network, which form the relational backdrop to the functioning of accountability mechanisms for MNCH. By revealing complex relationships and collaboration patterns among frontline health professionals, the study was able to show the multi-level action and multiple actors required to achieve MNCH goals.
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Waumsley, Samuel. "Therapy at the UCT Child Guidance Clinic : an investigation into the practice, utility and applicability of individual psychotherapy in the local context". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14335.
Resumo:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-73).Individual psychotherapeutic interventions conducted at the UCT Child Guidance Clinic between 2000 and 2009 were investigated with a view to offering informed conclusions on the current nature of clinical practice at the Clinic. Assuming an ecodevelopmental perspective with regards to mental health that explicitly acknowledges the potential impact of social context on individuals' lives the present research's focus centres on the role of socio-economic class and sex differences specifically on work at the Clinic. The broader influence of shifting political, historical and pedagogical contexts on such work is also explored. The 156 individual case files that make up the sample were reviewed and a broad range of clinical information was collated including data on clients' demographics, their presenting difficulties, the case formulations and intervention strategies employed as well as on clients' apparent clinical outcomes. In line with the descriptive and exploratory nature of the research design statistical analysis began with broad pivot table analyses and was followed by more focused Chi-squared analyses with key variables. Results indicated that the Clinic has shifted to working predominantly with socio-economically poorer classes over the past decade and that clients' social class had little or more likely no effect on clinical outcomes. Indeed the majority of clients in the sample were accorded positive outcomes upon termination despite a significant proportion of female clients specifically reporting histories of childhood sexual abuse and other trauma. Trainee clinicians at the Clinic appear to manage well, achieving generally positive clinical results over relatively short time frames despite their clinical inexperience and clients' often severe presenting difficulties. This attests both to the quality of the work being done at the UCT Child Guidance Clinic as well as to the power of individual work more generally to unlock individual potential in the local context.
39
Mugaju, James. "Health Care Services for Child Survival and Performance-Based Management in Three Kosovo Municipalities". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5910.
Resumo:
After the Republic of Kosovo's declaration of independence in 2008, new municipal structures were created with the charge of monitoring the delivery of health care services; yet, no mechanism for monitoring performance was ever implemented. With the public value theory as the foundation, the purpose of this multiple case study of 3 Kosovo municipalities was to understand issues surrounding the capacity of local government health department to monitor their performance related to the delivery of services. Relevant data were collected through focus-group discussions with 10 nurses, 9 directors of family medicine centers, and 12 municipal program managers. Purposeful semistructured interviews were conducted with 3 elected officials, 3 leaders of health care services, 3 policy leaders of relevant central-level ministries, and 9 participants from the national coalition of civil society organizations. All data were transcribed and coded per thematic analysis procedures. Results indicated that integrating the threefold value system of business value, social value, and governance value into municipal work plans and policy considerations will likely create a more solution-oriented service delivery at the municipal level. Furthermore, service delivery in the 3 municipalities appears to have improved over the past 5 years because of the pressure from active citizens, increased community engagement, and the institutionalization of home visits. Positive social change implications stemming from this study include the recommendation to central and local policy makers to fully integrate performance-based reporting systems into local legislation and policies. Such efforts can result in sustainable, equitable, and inclusive development, leading to stability and prosperity in Kosovo.
40
Millis, Jessica M. "An artist's childhood : short stories". Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1391234.
Resumo:
Short stories follows five different characters as they attempt to develop their earliest artistic impulses. Through the use of young protagonists, these stories demonstrate the ways in which our earliest experiences with loss and trauma often create a space for imaginative discovery; the collection reveals that it is the uniqueness of this space, this blend of premature emotional depth and naïve whimsy, that opens up new psychological possibilities for the child-artist. Meant to be read as a collection of intimate character sketches, these stories reveal the artist's intensely visual approach toward growth and maturity. Several stories concentrate specifically on what it means to sustain one's imagination into adulthood, while others use flashbacks to demonstrate the profound influence of childhood memories on adult behavior.Taylor's stories -- You'll call her tomorrow -- Where to look -- Filling in the gaps -- Certainly not me.
Department of English
41
Fernández, C. M. Beatriz. "Framing Teacher Education in Chile: Negotiating Local, National, and International Discourses". Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106806.
Resumo:
Thesis advisor: Marilyn Cochran-SmithSince the 1990s, many countries have used accountability mechanisms in teacher preparation. Aligned with this trend, the Chilean Ministry of Education has created national policies, which include national standards and an exit test for student teachers, grants for teacher education programs, and university scholarships for prospective teachers. These policies have been implemented in Chile, within the context of high social segregation and inequality, where accountability and deregulation work together. The purpose of this study is to explore how teaching and teacher education are constructed in national teacher education policy and university-based programs in Chile by unpacking assumptions about teaching, teacher education, and justice using frame analysis. This study analyzes national policy documents related to initial teacher education in Chile as well as semi-structured interviews and university and course documents from two teacher preparation programs. This dissertation argues that the influence of Chile’s national teacher education policies on local teacher preparation programs was not uniform across the programs. Rather both national and local frames were influenced by international organizations and universities. This overarching argument is based on four related propositions: 1) teacher preparation programs have different conceptions of practice-based teacher education and teaching while they have similar conceptions of justice; 2) the differences among faculties’ conceptions are shaped by different narratives, based on participants’ view of themselves and their programs, conceptions of teaching knowledge, participation in policies, and alignment and articulation; 3) national policies and teacher preparation programs have different conceptions of teaching and teacher education, but they have similar conceptions of justice; and, 4) Chilean national policies are influenced by international discourses even though they use different narratives to promote their changes. This study has implications for research, policy, practice, and activism. Building on the study’s findings, I constructed a framework that expands the notion of the policy web, incorporating the connection between local and international discourses in teacher education. This framework also identifies four dimensions that shape university’s faculty conceptions and explain the differences among programs
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction
42
Piper, Eleanor. "A Transnational Reading of My Heart Will Cross this Ocean, The Dark Child, and Ambiguous Adventure". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1367415367.
43
Feld, Hartley C. "REPRODUCTIVE AUTONOMY: The Context of Pregnancy Intention, A Global to Local Approach". UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/38.
Resumo:
Globally, in low and middle-income countries 4 out of every 10 pregnancies is reported to be unintended. Having an unintended pregnancy increases the risk of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, preterm birth, low birth weight, and decreases rates of breast-feeding. The United States (U.S.) consistently has some of the highest rates of preterm birth, infant and maternal mortality of all high-income countries and 45% of all pregnancies in the U.S. are reported to be unintended. The etiology of these outcomes and their relationship to pregnancy intention are complex and multifactorial, but we know this disproportionately effects women living in poverty both in the U.S. and globally.
When couples have the knowledge, access, and power to decide when and whether to become pregnant they are more likely to seek preconception care, thus increasing the likelihood of planned pregnancies leading to improved maternal and child health outcomes. Primary prevention strategies to improve maternal/child health outcomes in the U.S. include sexual and reproductive health considerations such as increasing access to birth control. Globally, strategies include expanding access, as well as focusing on the empowerment of women and improving gender social norms. Focusing on community level norms and individual empowerment can lead to greater reproductive autonomy, which in turn leads to an increase in the uptake of birth control and family planning. This broader consideration of multiple levels of power or autonomy is often lacking in approaches taken in the U.S. More information is needed about the social context and determinants of pregnancy intention in our communities, particularly of women living in poverty.
The purposes of this dissertation were to 1) to describe reproductive autonomy and family planning challenges in a population of marginalized Ecuadorian women; 2) develop a conceptual framework of reproductive autonomy from the global literature; 3) to validate a shortened form of an interpersonal violence scale used in a study of low-income pregnant women in Kentucky; and finally 4) to investigate the association between pregnancy intention and individual, interpersonal and community factors of impoverished women living in Kentucky.
The qualitative study of women in Ecuador identified barriers and facilitators to family planning in a low-resource community. The major themes that emerged were that women’s autonomy was limited by men, shame was ‘keeping women quiet’, systems failed women, and as women aged they were able to build resilience in spite of these challenges. Many reported reproductive coercion, gender-based violence, and regret. Those who could leave unsupportive partners and found social support were more effective at planning their pregnancies. Evidence supports these themes are relatively common in the global literature, particularly of women living in poverty. The comprehensive review of these findings was used to develop a conceptual framework of reproductive autonomy. The Socio-Ecological Model was used to organize the data based on individual, interpersonal or community level determinants of pregnancy intention and reproductive autonomy. This new conceptual model, called the Power and Reproductive Autonomy (PARA) model, was used as a guide to analyze multiple levels of data in a secondary analysis of pregnant women living in poverty in Kentucky. Prior to this secondary analysis study, a measure used in the parent study needed to be validated. A short form of the Women’s Experience with Battering (WEB) scale was found to be psychometrically valid to measure of the impact of intimate partner violence for this population. Findings from the secondary analysis included high rates of unintended pregnancy (66%), and women with unintended pregnancy were more likely to report exposure to interpersonal violence, poor social support, and anxiety at the bivariate level. At the community (county) level those with an unintended pregnancy were more likely to live in counties with fewer social associations, and in rural communities. None of the access, gender equity, income inequality, or violence variables were correlated to pregnancy intention. In the final multilevel model, controlling for demographic variables, only being unmarried and answering the question in English were significant predictors of unintended pregnancy. The rate of social associations in a county was marginally significant with pregnancy intention, in that the presence of social associations appeared to decrease the likelihood of unintended pregnancy.
Operationalizing the PARA framework to examine predictors of unintended pregnancy in Kentucky proved to not yield expected results; county level variables related to access, gender equity, and violence were not found to be significantly correlated. Women answering the question in Spanish had significantly higher rates of planned pregnancy, which is a new finding. Having opportunities for social engagement also seemed to be a protective factor in preventing unintended pregnancies. Limitations of cross-sectional data also make it a challenge to capture cumulative life stressors which could contribute to poor reproductive autonomy. Future studies may yield a greater understanding of the social context of pregnancy intention if more interpersonal data related specifically to reproductive autonomy are in the model, such as reproductive coercion, relationship power, communication, and contraceptive decision making. Additionally, further examination of structures or systems that provide economic opportunities in the community is a promising area of reproductive autonomy and pregnancy intention research.
44
McPherson, Pamela Smith. "A resource manual for pastors and church leaders for ministering to adult victims of childhood sexual abuse a case study and reflections on the role of the local church /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.
45
Volle, Aurélie. "Tourisme et développement local en terre mapuche (Chili) : une approche culturelle des territoires". Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10089.
Resumo:
L’activité touristique développée par des individus, des familles, des communautés ou des associations mapuche dans les campagnes chiliennes des VIIIème, IXème et Xème Régions administratives, est un phénomène relativement récent qui peut être appréhendé comme une innovation locale face aux logiques globales dominantes qui s’opèrent sur le territoire mapuche et comme révélateur de situations contemporaines complexes. La grande diversité des réalités socio-spatiales du tourisme en terre mapuche rend difficile une caractérisation selon les catégories touristiques établies (tourisme rural, culturel, ethnotourisme, etc. ). Aussi l’approche culturelle de la ressource touristique (de la nature, de la campagne, de l’identité et des savoirs, de l’histoire) tente-t-elle de conduire à la fois à une analyse renouvelée des impacts du tourisme sur les sociétés locales en se plaçant du côté des acteurs mapuche, et de prendre en compte leurs représentations pour mieux qualifier ce tourisme. Pour cela, la recherche s’est inspirée des travaux de géographie culturelle, d’ethnogéographie mais également des méthodes d’analyse du capital territorial amorcées depuis l’institutionnalisation du développement local en Europe. En effet, les acteurs mapuche du tourisme sont impliqués dans des dynamiques de développement local animées par une logique qui leur est propre. Quelles spécificités revêt donc le développement local dans ces territoires ? Un retour sur le concept né dans les pays industriels et une réflexion autour de quelques expériences du développement local en Amérique Latine permettent de comprendre que le développement local mapuche dépend du degré de contrôle territorial, autrement dit de la production d’espaces de pouvoir local. Ce tourisme ne saurait être abordé uniquement en termes économiques car il est souvent géopolitique.
46
Muñoz, Muñoz José Miguel Ignacio. "Distribución comunal de la inversión de decisión regional: El caso del FNDR en Chile 1997-2012". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117008.
Resumo:
Magíster en Gestión y Políticas PúbicasEl Estado debe contar con instrumentos administrativos descentralizados que sean capaces de aprovechar los recursos económicos y socio-culturales que están asentados en el territorio. En el caso chileno, aquello es más importante, dado el alto nivel de centralización e inequidad territorial del país. Uno de los instrumentos con que cuenta el Estado para propender a un desarrollo equitativo y basado en principios de solidaridad territorial es el Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Regional (FNDR). Sin embargo, su efectividad en dicho objetivo no es clara, ya que si bien los criterios de distribución interregional están fijados por ley, en la distribución de dichos recursos, confluyen múltiples actores. Por eso, el objetivo de este estudio es determinar los factores que inciden en que una comuna tenga una mayor o menor asignación de recursos vía proyecto FNDR, dentro de las regiones de Chile, para el período 1997-2012. La metodología utilizada para lograr determinar que factores inciden y en la distribución comunal del FNDR, es de carácter cuantitativa, regresiones lineales y logarítmicas, utilizando los datos del Banco Integrado de Proyectos sobre los montos de asignación del FNDR en las distintas comunas como variable dependiente, explicándola a través variables como población, capacidad técnica de los municipios, nivel de desarrollo de la comuna, la afiliación partidaria de consejeros y alcaldes, cantidad de consejeros regionales por comuna y la existencias de capitales regionales y provinciales. Los análisis se realizaron para 13 de las 15 regiones del país y partieron del supuesto que la unidad de análisis son las regiones y no el agregado nacional, y los resultados lo avalaron, pues los análisis sólo fueron significativos cuando se diferenció por región. Para todas las regiones, cuando un territorio tiene mayor población, tiene también mayor asignación de FNDR, pero al analizar la variable dependiente en términos per cápita, se determinó que para seis de las trece regiones analizadas no había relaciones significativas, sin embargo en las otras siete, las variables Desarrollo Comunal , Cantidad de Consejeros Regionales electos y Población Comunal fueron, en distintas combinaciones, significativas. Llama la atención el hecho de que las variables partidarias y la capacidad administrativa no resultasen significativas en ningún caso Las principales conclusiones que se obtienen es: 1) Todas las regiones utilizan criterios distintos para asignar dentro de su territorio el FNDR; 2) Comunas con características socio-económicas diferentes no siempre tienen tratamiento diferenciados; 3) Cuando el FNDR per cápita está relacionado con la población comunal, la relación es inversa, lo que significa que en esas regiones se aplicó un criterio para privilegiar/castigar comunas poco/altamente pobladas. Todo lo anterior indica que si bien el FNDR ese eficaz en propender a una equidad interregional, no lo es al momento de propender a una equidad intra-regional, lo que abre espacio para la innovación institucional
47
Crovetto, Gonzalo Rodrigo Díaz. "O trabalho dos tripulantes de Corral, Chile : colocando o local no global". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2010. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/9406.
Resumo:
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Programa de Pós-graduação em Antropologia Social, 2010.Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2011-10-04T14:29:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_GonzaloRodrigoDiazCrovetto.pdf: 6879197 bytes, checksum: 66bbc3dbc34518ff3752ded3ec2755c1 (MD5)
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O presente trabalho busca compreender as diferentes relações entre espaços locais e contextos globais a partir das experiências de trabalho e da vida de três gerações de tripulantes da comuna portuária de Corral (situada a 900 km ao sul de Santiago no Chile). Corral, um pequeno povoado portuário situado ao sul do Chile, se encontrou em diferentes momentos de sua história e a partir de diversas formas, conectado a espaços regionais, nacionais, internacionais e transnacionais. Acompanhar as experiências e vivências dos tripulantes e traçar uma cartografia da viagem me servem como fio condutor das diferentes narrativas interligadas entre Corral e o mundo. Para isso, me baseio em uma pesquisa etnográfica multi-situada que busca acompanhar e compreender os vários deslocamentos dos tripulantes ao mesmo tempo que exploro histórias de vida de três gerações diferentes de tripulantes. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This thesis aims to comprehend the different relations between local spaces and global contexts, as based on the life and work experiences of three generations of seafarers in the port village of Corral (900 km south of Santiago). A small port community in the south of Chile, Corral has been connected to regional, national, international and transnational spaces in different moments of its history and through several ways. Following the experiences and the living of the crewmembers and drawing a travelling cartography serves as a thread of the different narratives that involve Coral and the rest of the world. This intent is based on a multi-situated ethnography that seeks to follow and understand the different displacement of the seafarers, as well as exploring the life stories of these three different generations.
48
Boniswa, Mashibini. "An investigation into social exclusion in the implementation of social grants: the case study of the child support grant in the Nkonkobe local municipality (Eastern Cape)". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1018220.
Resumo:
South Africa is faced by a huge problem of inequality, twenty years after the dawn of independence. Such inequalities have been addressed by policy intervention such as the social security and assistance of citizens through various classes of grants. One of the grants targeting children under the age of 18 years is the child support grant. However there are deserving children who have been left-out of mainstream social security through social exclusion. The study sought to investigate the problem of the social exclusion of children from the child support grant in the Nkonkobe municipality. Through the use of the Basic Needs Approach (BNA) to understand the need for any state/government to promote the social welfare of its citizens, the study took a triangulated research paradigm which used both quantitative and qualitative research approaches to collect data from forty respondents by way of a questionnaire survey. The study found out that, inter alia, poverty remains high in the Nkonkobe municipal area, there is rampant social exclusion in the area, the amount paid for the child support grant is little and that the effects of the withdrawal of the grant when the child reaches the age of 18 are unbearable to the child. Some of the recommendations which the study made in line with improved mainstream social security in relation to the child support grant are that, the government needs to improve information dissemination about grants to the populace, there should be mandatory policies to make sure all citizens have identification particulars, the government should be mobile and take services to the people and there should a consideration to review the amount paid for the child support grant upwards. The researcher is quite optimistic that the study will play a part in improving policy implementation.
49
Girard, Beverly Lawler. "Teacher Attitudes, Perceived Influences, and Self-Reported Classroom Behaviors Related to School Nutrition Environments". Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3548.
Resumo:
This study determined attitudes of kindergarten through fifth grade teachers about school nutrition environments, their perceived influence on school nutrition environments, and self-reported classroom behaviors. Specific objectives were to: (a) identify perceived factors that influence the school nutrition environment, according to teachers surveyed; (b) examine relationships between elementary school teacher attitudes about school nutrition environments and perceived influence on the environment; (c) examine relationships between elementary school teachers’ attitudes about school nutrition environments, and self-reported classroom behaviors; (d) examine relationships between perceived influence over the school nutrition environment and self-reported classroom behaviors; and, (e) examine relationships between teachers’ demographic characteristics and attitudes and perceived influence on school nutrition environments, and self-reported classroom behaviors.
Research was conducted in a mid-size Florida school district including 501 participants from 23 elementary schools. The Teacher Survey on School Nutrition Environments instrument was developed and validated by the researcher.
Teachers identified the Food and Nutrition Services department as having the greatest impact on school nutrition environments, followed by student lunches and snacks sent from home. Responses to open-ended questions identified parents as part of the problem in developing healthy school nutrition environments. The Food and Nutrition Services department and parents were identified as having primary responsibility for encouraging healthy food choices at school, followed by administration, then teachers. Teachers did not perceive opportunities to provide input or to impact the school nutrition environment beyond their classrooms.
The greater self-efficacy the teachers possessed, the more they felt they influenced the nutrition environment, and the more likely they were to offer menu suggestions, to sit or eat with students, to discuss food-related topics, and to integrate nutrition into lessons. Similar results were noted for teachers with college coursework in nutrition and those who were more experienced teachers.
Classroom teachers should be encouraged to become involved and to recognize their role in developing and maintaining a healthy school nutrition environment. Increased communication should occur between school nutrition programs and teachers. Local wellness policy development and implementation should emphasize teachers’ influence.
50
Plaza, Rojas Daniela. "Turismo rural como actividad dinamizadora del desarrollo local en la comuna de Curicó". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113793.
Resumo:
GeógrafoLa presente investigación está enmarcada en el proyecto IPGH / OEA GEOG 04- 2012, y fue realizada en la Comuna de Curicó, ubicada en la Región del Maule de Chile. Se investigaron sus áreas rurales, para determinar en qué medida el turismo rural puede representar una alternativa de desarrollo, considerando el gran auge de esta actividad. En los últimos años, ha aumentado el interés por conocer el medio rural y sus tradiciones, lo cual presenta una oportunidad para el impulso del turismo en la zona. En concordancia, se desarrolló un diagnóstico turístico, dando cuenta de las condiciones existentes en el territorio, referidas principalmente a los atractivos turísticos y planta turística, utilizando la metodología CICATUR/OEA (1978). Además, se trabajó con actores estratégicos y habitantes rurales, con el fin de conocer su grado de disposición, capacidad y conocimiento para desarrollar la actividad turística. También se determinaron los aspectos positivos y negativos de las condiciones físico-ambientales, socio-económicas e institucionales identificadas, entregando recomendaciones que puedan servir para mejorar la realidad actual, además de propuestas de rutas turísticas, que en base a las características particulares del territorio se podrían llevar a cabo, contribuyendo así al desarrollo local. Como resultado se obtiene que la comuna presenta condiciones favorables para el turismo, como belleza escénica y recursos naturales atractivos, pero fuertes debilidades en otros aspectos. El área rural con mayor potencialidad para el desarrollo de ésta actividad es la zona precordillerana de la comuna, dada su mayor cantidad de atractivos, planta turística e interés de sus habitantes.