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1
Peyawary, Ahmad Shah. "The core vocabulary of international English, a corpus approach". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0023/NQ32016.pdf.
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Chen, Binghua. "A corpus-based study of Chinese and English translation of international economic law : an interdisciplinary study". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26321.
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International Economic Law (IEL), a sub-discipline of International Law, is concerned with the regulation of international economic relations and the behaviours of States, international organisations, and firms operating in the international arena. Due to the increase in commercial intercourse, translation of International Economic Law has become an important factor in promoting cross-cultural communication. The translation of IEL is not purely a technical exercise that simply involves the linguistic translations from one language to another but rather a social and cultural act. This research sets out to examine the translation of terminology used in International Economic Law (IEL) – drawing on data from a bespoke self-built Parallel Corpus of International Economic Law (PCIEL) using a corpus-based, systematic micro-level framework – to analyse the subject matter and to discuss the feasibility of translating these legal terms at the word level, and the sentence and discourse level, with a particular focus on the impact of cultural influences. The study presents the findings from the Chinese translator’s perspective regarding International Economic Law from English/Chinese into Chinese/English with a focus on the areas of law, economics, and culture. The contribution made by a corpus-based approach applied to the interdisciplinary subject of IEL is explored. In particular, this establishes a link between linguistic and non-linguistic study in translating legal texts, especially IEL. The corpus data are organized in different semantic fields and the translation analysis covers lexical, sentential and cultural perspectives. This research demonstrates that not only linguistic factors, but, also, cultural factors make clear contributions to the translation of terminology in PCIEL.
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Woo, Ka-hei Michelle, e 胡嘉熙. "An analysis of gender and discourse with reference to data from the Hong Kong International Corpus of English". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952495.
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Woo, Ka-hei Michelle. "An analysis of gender and discourse with reference to data from the Hong Kong International Corpus of English". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21161641.
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Takahashi, Mariko. "A Comparative Study of Tag Questions and Invariant Tags in Asian Englishes: A Corpus-Based Analysis". Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215623.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第19797号
人博第768号
新制||人||185(附属図書館)
27||人博||768(吉田南総合図書館)
32833
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)教授 齋藤 治之, 教授 壇辻 正剛, 准教授 谷口 一美
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Yoo, Soyung. "Hypothetical Would-Clauses in Korean EFL Textbooks: An Analysis Based on a Corpus Study and Focus on Form Approach". PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/911.
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This study analyzed hypothetical would-clauses presented in Korean high school English textbooks from two perspectives: real language use and Focus on Form approach. Initiated by an interest in the results of a corpus study, this study discussed hypothetical would-clauses in terms of how their descriptions in Korean EFL textbooks matched real language use. This study additionally investigated whether the textbooks presented the target language features in ways recommended by the Focus on Form approach. In the past few decades, authentic language use and the Focus on Form approach have received a great amount of attention in the SLA field. Recognizing the trend in SLA as well as necessities in Korean EFL education, the Korean government has incorporated these two into the current 7th curriculum. Such condition provided the momentum for the evaluation of the textbooks in these respects. The findings show that the language features were hardly supplemented by the information drawn from real language data. In addition, there were very few attempts to draw learner attention to language forms while keeping them focused on communication as recommended by Focus on Form approach. With increasing use of the English language, it is becoming more necessary for Korean EFL learners to use English in real life contexts where understanding correct nuances and delivering appropriate expressions may be important. Also, in EFL contexts like Korea, the students may have limited access to the target language input and little opportunities to produce outputs in extracurricular settings, so the integrated methodology of Focus on Form approach, rather than just using either one of structure-centered or meaning-oriented approach, would be of greater benefit to the students. However, the results strongly indicate that the textbooks neither incorporate the language features as they occur in naturally occurring language nor present them as to facilitate the learning of both form and meaning. This study suggests that greater use of real language data and more thorough application of Focus on Form methods in the textbook writing process should be seriously considered. Thus, this study could be useful for curriculum developers and textbook writers in creating curriculum and language materials concerning the incorporation of grammar patterns based on actual language use as well as in improving textbooks with respect to the Focus on Form approach.
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Santos, Mayra Aparecida dos. "Descrição do uso das conjunções but e however em redações acadêmicas em língua inglesa de nível B1 com base em corpus". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154076.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal descrever o uso das conjunções but e however em redações acadêmicas escritas por alunos universitários brasileiros em língua inglesa. Esperamos, a partir dessa observação, contribuir com as discussões sobre prática de ensino de Inglês com Fins Acadêmicos - IFA, uma vez que a proficiência insuficiente no idioma foi um dos problemas identificados em programas de mobilidade internacional. Tendo em vista a habilidade de produção escrita e utilizando a abordagem teórico-metodológica da Linguística de Corpus, elaboramos um corpus de aprendiz para análise - CA - utilizando 264 redações acadêmicas extraídas do Corpus Inglês para Fins Acadêmicos – CorIFA (DUTRA; QUEIROZ; ALVES, 2017). Esses textos foram escritos por alunos brasileiros universitários com proficiência B1 em língua inglesa. Também elaboramos um corpus de referência - CR - nos valendo das mesmas características do CA, com o objetivo de, após analisarmos os excertos referentes ao CR, realizarmos uma comparação entre a escrita de dois públicos não-nativos de língua inglesa. Para a elaboração do CR extraímos 31 redações acadêmicas escritas em língua inglesa por alunos não-nativos do Michigan Corpus of Upper-Level Student Papers - MICUSP. Nossa fundamentação teórica conta como base os descritores de competência de produção escrita do Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para Línguas - QECR (2001) para descrever o uso de conjunções em redações acadêmicas de alunos no nível B1 de proficiência de língua inglesa. Para descrever as conjunções but e however, utilizamos as gramáticas com base em corpus Longman de Biber et al (1999) e Cambridge (CARTER; MCCARTHY, 2006), gramáticas de ensino de língua inglesa Practical English Usage (SWAN, 2005), The Grammar Book (CELCE-MURCIA; LARSEN FREEMAN, 1999), a Gramática da Língua Inglesa de Watkins e Porter (2006) e os dicionários online de Cambridge e Wordreference. Por meio desse material, descrevemos a razão pela qual but e however são elementos gramaticais expressivos e relevantes para a escrita de redações acadêmicas em língua inglesa. A extração dos dados foi realizada por meio da ferramenta computacional AntConc (ANTHONY, 2011), que gera linhas de concordância e as agrupa de acordo com o elemento do texto que estamos buscando. Após a extração e análise dos dados de ambos os corpora, comparamos o uso das conjunções em início de orações para descrever as semelhanças ou diferenças de escrita entre os dois grupos de estudantes não-nativos. Dados encontrados em nosso corpus de análise CorIFA demonstraram que uma parcela dos alunos universitários brasileiros utiliza as conjunções de forma equivocada, segundo apontam as gramáticas apresentadas em nossa fundamentação teórica. Ainda, comparados aos dados extraídos de nosso corpus de referência, esses números mostram que os alunos brasileiros possuem condições de escrita aquém dos alunos que escreveram os textos extraídos do corpus MICUSP, apontando para a necessidade de maior aprofundamento de estudo de Inglês com Fins Acadêmicos nas universidades brasileiras.
The objective of this present research is to describe the use of the conjunctions, “but” and “however”, in academic essays written in English by Brazilian university students. From this observation, we expect to contribute to the discussions on the practice of teaching English for Academic Purposes - EAP, once insufficient language proficiency was one of the problems identified in international mobility programs. In view of a written production skill and based on theoretical backgrounds of Corpus Linguistics, we have developed a corpus of English learner for analysis - CA – formed by 264 academic essays extracted from the Corpus Inglês para Fins Acadêmicos – CorIFA (DUTRA; QUEIROZ; ALVES, 2017). These texts were written by Brazilian university students with B1 proficiency in English. We also built a corpus of reference - CR - using the same characteristics of the CA, and, after analyzing the excerpts referring to the CR, we compared the writing of these two groups of non-native English-speaking learners. For the drafting of the CR we extracted 31 academic essays written in English by non-native students from the Michigan Corpus of Upper-Level Student Papers - MICUSP. Our theoretical basis relies on the written production ability descriptors of the Common Reference Framework for Languages (2001) to describe the use of conjunctions in academic writing B1 proficiency level. In order to describe the conjunctions “but” and “however”, we use the corpus based grammars Longman by Biber et al (1999) and Cambridge (CARTER; MCCARTHY, 2006), English-language grammars Practical English Usage (SWAN, 2005), The Grammar Book (CELCE-MURCIA; LARSEN FREEMAN, 1999), The English Grammar by Watkins and Porter (2006) and the Cambridge and Wordreference online dictionaries. Through this material, we describe the reason why we consider “but” and “however” expressive grammatical elements and believe in the importance of the proper use of these conjunctions in academic essays. Data extraction was performed using the software AntConc (ANTHONY, 2001), which generates lines according to the word we are looking for. After extracting and analyzing data from both corpora, we compared the use of conjunctions in the beginning of the sentences in order to describe the similarities or differences in writing between the two non-native students. Data found in our analysis from CorIFA have demonstrated that a portion of Brazilian university students uses conjunctions in a wrong way, according to the grammars presented in our theoretical basis. Also, compared to the data extracted from our CR, numbers show that Brazilian students have written conditions below the students who wrote the texts extracted from the MICUSP corpus, pointing to the need for a more in-depth study of English for Academic Purposes in Brazilian universities.
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Leuckert, Sven. "Typological Interference in Information Structure: The Case of Topicalization in Asia". De Gruyter, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A38561.
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Topicalization refers to the sentence-initial placement of constituents other than the subject and is often listed as a non-canonical construction [cf. Ward, Gregory, Betty J. Birner and Rodney Huddleston (2002). “Information Packaging.” Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum, eds. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1363–1447.]. In this paper, tokens of topicalization in the direct conversations in the International Corpus of English for Hong Kong and India and, for comparison, Great Britain are analysed. In order to find out if topicalization is a contact-induced feature, typological profiles with regard to topic-prominence [Li, Charles N. and Sandra A. Thompson (1976). “Subject and Topic: A New Typology of Language.” Charles N. Li, ed. Subject and Topic. New York: Academic Press, 457–489.] are created for three Indo-Aryan, three Dravidian and two Sinitic languages. I suggest that the low frequencies of topicalization in Hong Kong English and the high frequencies of topicalization in Indian English are primarily due to differences in intensity of contact [Thomason, Sarah G. (2001). Language Contact. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.] and variety development [Schneider, Edgar W. (2007). Postcolonial English. Varieties Around the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.]. Typological interference at the level of information structure is assumed to only come to the fore in further developed varieties and after prolonged contact.
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Spratley, Peter Frederick. "Wordsworth's sonnet corpus". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/90289/.
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The thesis is a study of Wordsworth and the sonnet. It is structured around detailed assessments of each 'type' of sonnet that Wordsworth wrote, but my overarching goal is to demarcate a sonnet corpus and place it in a position of eminence, and in so doing, gesture towards a re-evaluation of the poet's career, by positing an alternative to the traditional Prelude-centric view of his oeuvre. It has been customary, from influential critics such as Geoffrey Hartman onwards, to locate the familiar Wordsworthian ethos in the long poems and canonical Romantic lyrics, such as 'Tintern Abbey'. I argue that the large body of sonnets represents an alternate corpus, to be read both alongside, and counter to, the traditional interpretation of the career. The attempt is to encourage scholarship to rethink the poet's own metaphorical view of a 'gothic church' for his career, which has The Recluse as its primary body, and to reposition the sonnet form in that view, so that it may occupy a more prominent place. Wordsworth's sonnet groups are often overlooked by scholarship, or instead read out of context through unrepresentative anthologising. My thesis argues that the sonnets should not be read as subordinate to, or parasitic on, the longer work. I contend that the sonnets constitute a vital body of work in their own right. By reading the poet's career through his sonnets, a sense of continuity between the early and late Wordsworth is established, while at the same time, the familiar Wordsworthian ethos is present throughout. I also develop the standard interpretation of Miltonic inheritance, by suggesting that while Wordsworth was certainly influenced by Milton, he was also profoundly influenced in his sonnet writing by his contemporaries, including Charlotte Smith, William Lisle Bowles and Thomas Warton. I build on recent scholarship in this area, and offer a more extensive view, that sees Wordsworth appropriating and subverting the conventional sonnets of the late eighteenth century for his 'Miscellaneous Sonnets' and The River Duddon. My aim is to posit Wordsworth's sonnets as a corpus, and I argue that they occupy a prominent position in critical interpretations of the poet's career.
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Thomas, Gregson Johann. "Estimation of Aircraft Emissions for the Corpus Christi International Airport, Corpus Christi, Texas". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271905/.
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Commercial aviation is a vital part of the United States economy. It generates over $1 trillion annually, which is more than 5% of the U.S. GDP, and produces approximately 10 million jobs. Every year there is an increase in commercial air traffic. This is attributed to expanding trade between states and other countries, which requires larger amounts of cargo aircraft in operation, and also catering to the growing number of middle and upper class passengers who travel for business and pleasure purposes. A rise in commercial aviation leads to the use of more aviation fuel on a monthly and annual basis. This in turn leads to escalated levels of combustion by-products from jet and turbofan engines into the atmosphere. The negative effects of these by-products range from producing poor air quality and consequent health hazards to contributing to global warming. This study is aimed at assessing the impacts of aircraft emissions on the local air quality in Corpus Christi using the Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System. Flight data for the study was obtained from the Department of Transportation's Research and Innovative Technology Administration. Analyses of the emissions were compared on monthly, annual, engine type and airline provider bases. Climatic, economic and anthropogenic factors were identified in the analyses.
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Xiaoling, Zhang. "Echoing in English conversation : a corpus-based study". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285473.
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Krausse, Sylvana. "A corpus-informed investigation into environmental engineering English". Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987579223/04.
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Ozon, G. A. "Alternating ditransitives in English : a corpus-based study". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18714/.
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This thesis is a large-scale investigation of ditransitive constructions and their alternants in English. Typically both constructions involve three participants: participant A transfers an element B to participant C. A speaker can linguistically encode this type of situation in one of two ways: by using either a double object construction or a prepositional paraphrase. This study examines this syntactic choice in the British component of the International Corpus of English (ICE-GB), a fully tagged and parsed corpus incorporating both spoken and written English. After a general introduction, chapter 2 reviews the different grammatical treatments of the constructions. Chapter 3 discusses whether indirect objects have to be considered necessary complements or optional adjuncts of the verb. I then examine the tension between rigid classification and authentic (corpus) data in order to demonstrate that the distinction between complements and adjuncts evidences gradient categorisation effects. This study has both a linguistic and a methodological angle. The overall design and methodology employed in this study are discussed in chapter 4. The thesis considers a number of variables that help predict the occurrence of each pattern. The evaluation of the variables, the determination of their significance, and the measurement of their contribution to the model involve reliance on statistical methods (but not statistical software packages). Chapters 5, 6, and 7 review pragmatic factors claimed to influence a speaker’s choice of construction, among them the information status and the syntactic ‘heaviness’ of the constituents involved. The explanatory power and coverage of these factors are experimentally tested independently against the corpus data, in order to highlight several features which only emerge after examining authentic sources. Chapter 8 posits a novel method of bringing these factors together; the resulting model predicts the dative alternation with almost 80% accuracy in ICE-GB. Conclusions are offered in chapter 9.
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Jeffries, Lesley Evelyn. "A corpus-based stylistic study of newspaper English". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/498/.
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This study is based on a corpus of 2400 clauses taken from British national newspapers in 1986 and stored in a computer database with each clause coded for a number of grammatical (and some semantic) features. These features relate to the verb phrase (e.g. finiteness), the clause (e.g. subordination) and the subject (e.g. form). In the first stage of the investigation the database is described in terms of the features coded therein. The scope of the description is on three levels. First, the data are described in total and are considered to constitute a representative sample of newspaper English. Secondly, the database is split into three pre-determined sub-databases according to their text-type. These are: news articles, editorials and readers' letters. A pattern is discovered of 'letters-as-norm' with the other texttypes on different sides of the average. Thirdly, the database is split on a different dimension according to the eight different newspapers included in the sampling. A pattern of three groups of newspapers; 'quality', 'central' and 'popular', is found for some features. The second section exploits the database primarily as an example of written English, rather than emphasising its newspaper origins. Here some problems of description, which have implications for the debate about the division between syntax and semantics, are explored. The first such 'problem' arises out of a study of the environment of copula 'BE' and concerns the borderline between the grammatical functions of subject and subject complement. Some well-known differences are confirmed and some new ones discovered. A small area of overlap, however, remains. The second problem is the familiar difficulty of deciding when an -en form is an adjective and when it remains a participle. It is argued that the contexts of -en forms are often influential in their interpretation as adjectival or verbal forms. The third problem concerns the sequential verbs (sometimes called 'catenative' verbs) which govern a following nonfinite verb phrase. These verbs, which defy attempts to classify them syntactically, are shown to be amenable to semantic classification. The question of restrictions on sequences of more than two verb phrases (i.e. two sequential verbs + one 'normal' verb) is explored and some tentative conclusions are reached.
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Arcos, López Victor Hugo. "Characterising International English : A Description of English among International Students at DalaUniversity". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-1633.
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Snyder, Delys Ann Waite. "A Corpus-based Approach to Determining Standard American English". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2239.pdf.
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Carmichael, Lesley Marie. "Situation-based intonation pattern distribution in a corpus of American English /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8382.
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Cheung, Mei Ling Lisa. "Merging corpus linguistics and collaborative knowledge construction". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/464/.
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This study relates corpus-driven discourse analysis to the concept of collaborative knowledge construction. It demonstrates that the traditional synchronic perspective of meaning in corpus linguistics needs to be complemented by a diachronic dimension. The fundamental assumption underlying this work is that knowledge is understood not within the traditional epistemological framework but from a radical social epistemological perspective, and that incremental knowledge about an object of the discourse corresponds to continual change of meaning of the lexical item that stands for it. This stance is based on the assumption of the discourse as a self-referential system that uses paraphrase as a key device to construct new knowledge. Knowledge is thus seen as the result of collaboration between the members of a discourse community. The thesis presents, in great detail, case studies of asynchronous computer-mediated communication that allow a comprehensive categorisation of a wide range of paraphrase types. It also investigates overt and covert signs of intertextuality linking a new paraphrase to previous contributions. The study then discusses ways in which these new insights concerning the process of collaborative knowledge construction can have an impact on teaching methodologies.
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Mastropierro, Lorenzo. "Corpus stylistics and translation studies : a corpus-assisted study of Joseph Conrad's 'Heart of Darkness' and its Italian translations". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33678/.
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This thesis carries out a corpus stylistic study of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and four of its Italian translations. It investigates the role of textual patterns as building blocks of the fictional world and triggers of literary themes. It also investigates the effects of translation on the relation between textual patterns and the fictional world, and discusses the potential consequences of translational alterations on the text’s themes. Heart of Darkness is a complex and multifaceted text that deals with a multitude of themes and has been interpreted in many different ways. By offering an overview of the text’s literary reception, I foreground two major themes that emerge from the contemporary critical debate as particularly central to the discussion about Conrad and his text: “Africa and its representation” and “race and racism”. Through a keyword analysis, I establish a connection between these themes and the lexical level of the text. Adopting Mahlberg & McIntyre’s (2011) model, I group keywords into categories that reflect specific aspects of the fictional world and the thematic concerns of the text. I then select groups of keywords that relate specifically to “Africa and its representation” and “race and racism” for more in-depth examination. Specifically, I analyse how the African jungle and the African natives are linguistically represented in the text. I demonstrate that repeated lexico-semantic patterns shape these fictional representations and play a fundamental part in the interpretation of the two themes related to them. I then focus on the Italian versions and compare them in order to show the effects of translation on the lexico-semantic patterns. I show that alterations made at the linguistic level affect the interpretational level of the translations, with potential consequences for the reception of the major themes in the target context. Finally, I use computational methods to compare the original and the translations at the level of whole texts, as opposed to feature-specific comparisons. I claim that together these two perspectives provide a more nuanced understanding of the relation between source and target texts. Through this analysis, the present thesis explores how the fictional world and literary themes are constructed and conveyed in literature and in its translation. It also contributes to the critical discussion on Heart of Darkness and proposes a methodology to analyse and compare literary translations. Finally, as an interdisciplinary project, this thesis builds on the interaction between corpus stylistics and translation studies, and strengthens this relation further.
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Tugiyanto. "INTERNET NEOLOGISMS IN THE GLOBAL WEB-BASED ENGLISH CORPUS". OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1694.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of five Internet-based neologisms in the Global Web-based English corpus (GloWbE) (Davies, 2013), which includes data from six Inner Circle countries, where English is spoken as a native language, and 14 Outer Circle countries, where English has historically acquired an official status alongside the local languages (Kachru, 1985). Three of the target words (download, upload, and tweet) can function as verbs and nouns, whereas the other two (hashtag and app/s) only occur as nouns in the GloWbE corpus. Each word was examined in terms of its frequency of occurrence in the entire corpus and in each of the 20 countries. Then, the frequencies for the Inner and Outer Circle countries were collapsed and compared. For the first three words, which can be both verbs and nouns, separate searches were conducted in order to generate frequency statistics for the occurrence of the verbs and the nouns. Finally, the most frequent noun collocates for the verbs and the most frequent adjective collocates for the nouns were generated and analyzed. The data analysis revealed that in terms of overall frequency, the most frequently used was download, followed by tweet and upload, the latter showing the lowest frequency of the three. In addition, the statistics per million words showed higher frequencies for download and upload in the Outer Circle countries, whereas for tweet, higher frequencies per million words were observed in the Inner Circle countries. The most common noun collocates for the verb download included music, apps, and files, whereas upload and tweet most commonly occurred with photos and pictures. On the other hand, hashtag and app/s occurred only as nouns in the GloWbE corpus. Of the two, app/s showed a much higher frequency than hashtag, and in fact had the highest frequency statistics of the five words. The statistics per million words for the Inner and Outer Circles showed a consistent pattern, where the occurrence of both nouns per million words was at a higher rate in the Inner Circle than in the Outer Circle. The most common adjective collocates for app/s referred to different types, such as mobile apps, native apps, and third-party apps, whereas the adjectives modifying hashtag revealed a preference for new, popular, trending, and relevant hashtags. Overall, this study has revealed how five Internet-based neologisms occur in World Englishes in terms of frequencies, functions, and common collocates, which in turn suggested similarities and differences at the cultural and social level. It also invites further investigation of the GloWbE corpus, which as described by Davies and Fuchs (2015), offers numerous opportunities for comparisons among the different varieties of World English in terms of lexical, morphological, syntactic, and discourse variations.
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Kirk, John M., e Jeffrey L. Kallen. "Assessing Celticity in a corpus of Irish Standard English". Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1934/.
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Conventional wisdom since the earliest studies of Irish English has attributed
much of what is distinctive about this variety to the influence of the Irish language. From the early philologists (Joyce 1910, van Hamel 1912) through the
classic works of Henry (1957, 1958) and Bliss (1979) down to present-day linguistic orientations (e.g. Corrigan 2000 a, Filppula 1999, Fiess 2000, Hickey
2000, Todd 1999, and others), the question of Irish-language influence may be
disputed on points of detail, but remains a central focus for most studies in the field. It is not our intention to argue with this consensus, nor to examine specific points of grammar in detail, but, rather, to suggest an approach to this question which (a) takes for its empirical base a sample of the standard language, rather than dialectal material or the sample sentences so beloved of many papers on the subject, and (b) understands Celticity not just in terms of the formal transfer of grammatical features, but as an indexical feature of language use, i.e. one in which English in Ireland is used in such a way as to point to the Irish language as a linguistic and cultural reference point. In this sense, our understanding of Celticity is not entirely grammatical, but relies as well on Pierce’s notion of indexicality (see Greenlee 1973), by which semiotic signs ‘point to’ other signs. Our focus in assessing Celticity, then, derives in the first instance from an examination of the International Corpus of English (ICE). We have recently completed the publication of the Irish component of ICE (ICE-Ireland), a machinereadable corpus of over 1 million words of speech and writing gathered from a range of contexts determined by the protocols of the global International Corpus of English project. The international nature of this corpus project makes for ready comparisons with other varieties of English, and in this paper we will focus on comparisons with the British corpus, ICE-GB. For references on ICE generally, see Greenbaum 1996; for ICE-GB, see especially Nelson, Wallis and Aarts 2002; and for ICE-Ireland, see papers such as Kirk, Kallen, Lowry & Rooney (2003), Kirk & Kallen (2005), and Kallen & Kirk (2007). Our first approach will be to look for signs of overt Celticity in those grammatical features of Irish English which have been put forward as evidence of Celtic transfer (or of the reinforcement between Celtic and non-Celtic historical sources); our second approach will be to look at non-grammatical ways in which texts in ICEIreland become indexical of Celticity by less structural means such as loanwords, code-switching, and covert reference using ‘standard’ English in ways that are specific to Irish usage. We argue that, at least within the standard language as we have observed it, Celticity is at once less obvious than a reading of the dialectal literature might suggest and, at the same time, more pervasive than a purely grammatical approach would imply.
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Hoffmann, Sebastian. "Grammaticalization and English complex prepositions : a corpus-based study /". London : Routledge, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400409970.
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Mottin, Lívia Pretto. "Análise da produção metafórica no Brazilian English Learner Corpus". Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4104.
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Previous issue date: 2012This study brings together theoretical assumptions from Corpus Linguistics and metaphor theories and aims at verifying variation in metaphor production by Brazilian English learners following a corpus-based approach. The corpus used for the investigation was the Brazilian English Leaner Corpus (BELC) (PACHECO, 2010), which is composed of four proficiency levels: (i) Beginner, (ii) Pre-Intermediate, (iii) Intermediate, and (iv) Advanced; and three types of task: (i) task 1 (descriptive text with personal information in 1st person), (ii) task 2 (descriptive text with personal information in 3rd person), and (iii) task 3 (narrative text about a trip). The corpus was manually annotated based on the procedures established by Cameron (2003) and by the Pragglejaz Group (2007). The metaphor frequency was later calculated using the software WordSmith tools (SCOTT, 2012), more specifically, the Concord tool. The research was organized in the following stages: (i) manual annotation of metaphor occurrences; (ii) extraction of metaphor frequency in the whole corpus and in its subcorpora; (iii) comparison of frequencies of use of linguistic metaphors in the three proficiency levels subcorpora; (iv) comparison of frequencies of use of linguistic metaphors in the four textual types subcorpora; (v) comparison of frequencies of use of linguistic metaphors in the twelve individual subcorpora. The significance levels of the frequency variations were calculated with the statistical test Log Likelihood. The results show that metaphor production increases at each proficiency level and varies according to the different text types: texts containing personal information in 3rd person tend to present higher frequency of metaphorical items when compared to personal narratives in 1st person, what corroborates findings from previous studies (BERBER SARDINHA, 2012).
Este trabalho reúne referenciais teóricos da Linguística de Corpus e de correntes teóricas da metáfora e tem o objetivo de verificar a variação na produção de metáforas por aprendizes brasileiros de inglês, através de uma abordagem baseada em corpus. O corpus utilizado na investigação foi o Brazilian English Leaner Corpus (BELC) (PACHECO, 2010), o qual é composto por quatro níveis de proficiência: (i) Beginner, (ii) Pre-Intermediate, (iii) Intermediate e (iv) Advanced; e três tarefas: (i) tarefa 1 – texto descritivo com informações pessoais em 1ª pessoa, (ii) tarefa 2 – texto descritivo com informações pessoais em 3ª pessoa e (iii) tarefa 3 – texto narrativo sobre uma viagem. O corpus foi anotado manualmente, com base nos procedimentos de Cameron (2003) e do Grupo Pragglejaz (2007). A frequência de metáforas foi extraída com a ferramenta Concord do WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 2012). A pesquisa foi organizada nas seguintes fases: (i) anotação manual de metáforas no corpus; (ii) extração da frequência de metáforas no BELC e em seus subcorpora; (iii) comparação das frequências de uso de metáforas linguísticas nos quatro subcorpora de níveis de proficiência; (iv) comparação das frequências de uso de metáforas linguísticas nos três subcorpora de tipos textuais; (v) comparação das frequências de uso de metáforas linguísticas nos doze subcorpora individuais. Os níveis de significância das variações de frequência foram calculados com o teste estatístico Log Likelihood. Os resultados mostram que a produção de metáforas aumenta em cada nível de proficiência e varia de acordo com tipos textuais diferentes: textos com informações pessoais em 3ª pessoa tendem a apresentar frequência mais alta de itens metafóricos em comparação com narrativas pessoais em 1ª pessoa, o que corrobora resultados de estudos anteriores (BERBER SARDINHA, 2012).
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Argyroulis, Vassilis. "Teaching English via corpus concordancing in a Greek university". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43254/.
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This thesis focuses on teaching English via corpus concordancing in a Greek university and is motivated by a need to find an improved approach to teaching and learning English for Specific/Academic Purposes so that university students improve their English language skills and motivation. I assemble a corpus of thirty million words containing texts from the domains of Special Education, General Academic, and General English. I compare and contrast a corpus teaching method (CTM) to a traditional teaching method (TTM) in terms of student performance in linguistic tasks and student motivation. I particularly explore (1) the extent to which CTM is more effective than TTM with regard to student performance as measured by the overall percentage of correct responses in student performance tasks, (2) the extent to which the effectiveness of CTM with regard to student performance on performance tasks is moderated by the ability level of the student (beginner, intermediate, advanced), (3) the extent to which the effect of method on student performance is mediated by student motivation after controlling for student level, and (4) what it is that motivates university students in Greece when involved in corpus concordancing compared and contrasted with existing traditional practice in learning English. Apart from performance measurement by percentage in four linguistic tasks assigned to students in the quantitative portion of this thesis, further data collection procedures to estimate motivation were item analyses of two motivational questionnaires, one about the contrast between CTM and TTM and one about the corpus concordancing software used in this study. The qualitative portion employs the use of an open-ended survey with five questions about CTM and TTM and a corpus style analysis of the survey. The objective of the qualitative part is to determine to what extent student motivation informs students’ preferred teaching style when asked to compare CTM and TTM, and to identify motivational and demotivational factors when using the one learning method or the other. The quantitative and qualitative findings are triangulated in order to validate interpretations. Key points of convergence between the quantitative and qualitative results are identified, which allowed a description of key student benefits and difficulties when CTM is used. An analysis of benefits and difficulties constituted the basis for the development of a suggested teaching unit to be utilized by teachers of English at university level. I demonstrate that CTM is more effective than TTM in the student performance tasks and that CTM is effective across all student ability levels with the advanced students performing better than the intermediate and beginner students. I also demonstrate that the sample of students was more motivated to learn English via CTM than via TTM and that student general motivation is a mediator in terms of the relationship between the teaching method and student performance. Finally, I demonstrate important features that motivate or demotivate students when following CTM or TTM. Based on the overall findings, I recommend a CTM exemplary teaching unit to be used by teachers who teach English at tertiary level. This thesis also offers useful guidance and practice to teachers of English and students on how to make use of a corpus concordancing software program to fulfil their teaching and learning purposes, respectively.
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Rossiter, William Thomas. "Habeas corpus : the arrival of the English sonnet form". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433779.
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Boggel, Sandra. "Metadiscourse in Middle English and Early Modern English religious texts a corpus-based study". Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/995244758/04.
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Nelson, Michael Bernard. "Corpus-based study of the lexis of business English and business English teaching materials". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488069.
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This thesis addresses two fundamental issues regarding lexis in the Business English environment. It firstly asks whether the lexis of Business English is significantly different from that of 'everyday' general English, and secondly, if the lexis found in Business English published materials is significantly different from that found in real-life business. In order to test these hypotheses two corpora were created to form the basis of the analysis: the Published Materials Corpus (PMC) consisting of 33 published Business English course and resource books at 590,000 running words and the Business English Corpus (BEC) at, 1,023,000 running words divided between spoken (44%) and written (56%) texts. The BNC Sampler corpus was used as reference corpus. These three corpora were then able to be lexically compared by using WordSmith 3 (Scott 1999) using statistically-based key words. The results of these analyses showed that it was possible to define the world of business lexis, and also how it was lexically separated from general English by placing the words into a limited group of semantic categories. These categories were found to recur across word class boundaries and showed a lexical world of business bounded by its people, institutions, activities, events and entities, The boundary limits of business lexis were placed by the non-business lexis of the negative key words and the semantic groups they formed. Representative words from each of the main semantic groups were chosen for further study to see how they behaved both semantically and grammatically. Louw's (1993) concept of semantic prosody was used to determine how Business English words associated with certain semantic groups, and Firth's (1957) and Hoey's (1997) idea of colligation was used to show which grammatical patterns the words typically formed themselves into. Results of these secondary analyses of the BEC showed that whilst some business lexis associates with semantic groups unique to itself, most lexis is formed into patterns of interrelated semantic groups which regularly co-occur with each other. Additionally, there was evidence to suggest that words form associations to some semantic groups when in the business environment, and others when out of it. In the business setting, the meaning potential of words was found to be reduced and this had consequences both semantically and grammatically. Fewer meanings were used than in general English - and, as grammatical patterning and meaning were found to be co-dependent, restricted meaning led to area-specific and restricted grammatical patterning. The same analytical methods were used in the analysis of the PMC and it was compared both to the BNC, to see how published materials differ from general English, and to the BEC, to see how two corpora, both purporting to be Business English, differed from each other. Where the BEC could be seen to show a limited and specialist lexis, the PMC was even more limited. The lexical world of business presented by the materials showed a stress on personal and interpersonal contact, and a focus on a limited number of business activities, notably entertaining, travel, meetings and presentations. There was less reference to states and qualities, and the lexis in the PMC concentrated even more than the BEC on tangible, concrete items
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Wang, Jianxin. "Contrastive Connectors in English and Chinese: A Corpus-Based Study". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/8276.
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This study examines the features of contrastive connectors in modern British English by employing corpus evidence and discourse analysis. It aims to find out the total number and frequency of these contrastive connectors in modern BrE evidenced in the BNC with a focus on four genres, the genre-related usage of eleven high-frequency contrastive connectors, and detailed usage of HOWEVER. It also compares the overall frequency of contrastive connectors in the four genres of BrE and AmE, and the usage of contrastive connectors in BrE and Chinese, as evidenced in large corpora. Altogether about 68 contrastive connectors in the BNC (containing modern BrE) and 57 in the CCL corpus (containing modern Chinese) are pinpointed. In the BNC, but is most frequent, covering more than half of the total usage of contrastive connectors. In the CCL, 但 dàn (but) is most frequent, covering nearly one fifth of their total usage. In both corpora, 20 most frequent members cover about 95% of all the usage of contrastive connectors. Contrastive connectors are significantly more frequent in the BNC (BrE) than in the COCA (AmE), and so are Chinese contrastive connectors in Taiwan than in mainland China, but with greater variation. About 1.1 times as many contrastive connectors are used in spoken English as in written English, but twice as many such connectors are used in written Chinese as in conversation. The usage of contrastive connectors co-varies with genre. In English such connectors are generally used alone. Even when they occasionally form complex units, contrastive conjunctions still lead and overshadow contrastive adverbials. Concessive clauses in English are flexible in clause order. Contrastive connectors in English are typically used sentencemedially or -initially, but are occasionally used sentence- finally. By comparison, contrastive connectors in Chinese often form correlations or complex units on a more equal basis. Historical influence has led to the co-existence of “one-character” and “two-character” contrastive connectors in Chinese, the former frequent in written genres, the latter in conversation. Concessive clauses in Chinese are of two major patterns which are closely related to specific connectors. Chinese contrastive connectors can never be used sentencefinally. A profile of the usage of however has emerged from a case study of this second most frequent contrastive connector in BrE, concerning the contrastive vs. adverb function, the “unmarked” position, the syntactic patterns and corresponding functions, the semantic reasons for its wide use and dual function in second-initial position of the sentence, the occasional “coordinative” use of however, and its translation into Chinese. Three pedagogical implications arise from this study, based on which concrete teaching suggestions are made. Limitations of this study are acknowledged and some possible lines for future research are proposed.
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Golmann, Malcolm. "Investigating British and American English : Dictionary research and corpus investigation". Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8701.
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The aim of this Magister Degree Project has been to investigate if can corpora be used to investigate patterns of lexical distribution and/or borrowing from one variety to another. Another aim has been to investigate how well classification of lexical items as either “British” or “American” supported by evidence from corpora of English.
In order to accomplish these aims sets of lexical items have been examined in two ways: first through dictionary research and “dictionary dating”, and second through the use of such English corpora as the British National Corpus (BNC), the United Kingdom Web Archiving Consortium (ukWaC), and the TIME Corpus of American English. The results of this research suggest that the simplistic labelling of certain items as “American” versus “British” is sometimes misleading, and that corpus investigations on their own, though useful, may not be entirely sufficient in this context.
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Zhang, Xu. "English quasi-numeral classifiers : a cognitive and corpus-based study". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538610.
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Tan, Siew Imm. "Languages in contact: a corpus-based study ofMalaysian newspaper English". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45015673.
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Hnin, Tun San San. "Discourse marking in Burmese and English : a corpus-based approach". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11963/.
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This study is a comparative analysis of discourse marking systems in Burmese and in English, using a corpus-based approach within the framework of discourse analysis. The focus of this study is a set of lexical items in a particular word class called 'particles' in Burmese, which lack one-to-one equivalents in English and are characterized by highly context-dependent semantic values. Unlike traditional comparative studies involving less commonly studied languages that tend to base their analyses on the model of well-established linguistic systems such as English, this study is Burmese-originated. It starts out with an identification of discourse functions typically associated with high frequency Burmese particles, and their equivalent realisations in English are subsequently identified. Findings indicate that Burmese particles share common cross-linguistic characteristics of discourse markers as described in the current literature. The data offers clear evidence that discourse functions of Burmese particles investigated are commonly found in spoken English, but they are not realised through the same discourse marking system. This study therefore calls for a more effective comparative methodology that can compare syntactically-oriented discourse marking systems more effectively with lexically-oriented ones, such as in the case of Burmese and English respectively. Last but not least, this study also challenges the notion of 'word' as a unit of analysis for a corpus-based approach, as the notion of word cannot be easily defined in a syllabic language such as Burmese.
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Blöhdorn, Lars M. "Postmodifying attributive adjectives in English an integrated corpus-based approach". Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/99131008X/04.
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De, Klerk Vivian A. "Procedural meanings of well in a corpus of Xhosa English". Journal of Pragmatics, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011579.
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This article explores the use of the pragmatic marker well in a large corpus of the discourse of non-mother tongue speakers of Xhosa English, which is a sub-variety of Black South African English. A brief overview of discourse markers in general and of well in particular is provided, and the problems they pose to linguists in terms of difficulties in defining their syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties are examined. After a brief description of the nature of the corpus of Xhosa English on which the study is based, and of the methodological approach which was followed, the rest of the article focuses on a fairly detailed exposition of the overall trends in contextualised uses and procedural meanings of well in the corpus, along with examples. Some (limited) parallels are drawn between the use of well in XE and other English corpora, in order to highlight the problems experienced by L2 learners in acquiring discourse markers.
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De, Klerk Vivian A. "Codeswitching, borrowing and mixing in a corpus of Xhosa English". The International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011582.
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The paper analyses selected aspects of the codeswitching behaviour in a spoken corpus of the English of 326 people, all of them mother-tongue speakers of Xhosa (a local African language in South Africa), and all of whom would see themselves as Xhosa/English bilinguals. The corpus comprises approximately 550,000 transcribed words of spontaneous, relaxed, oral discourse in English between pairs of Xhosaspeaking interlocutors, discussing a wide range of topics. While the usual pattern in bilingual speech is to use the L1 as matrix language and the L2 as embedded language, in this corpus the opposite is the case, as interlocutors were interviewed in English (the L2). The corpus therefore offers a ‘mirror image’, in a sense, of normal codeswitching behaviour. Using Wordsmith (a concordancer programme), all incidences of codeswitching into Xhosa during these conversations were identified and analysed in an effort to reveal underlying patterns. Examination of the amount and nature of codeswitching in the corpus promised to throw some light on the extent to which participants are genuinely bilingual, in terms of their ability to converse comfortably in English.
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Romain, Laurence. "A corpus-based study of the causative alternation in English". Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H016/document.
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La présente recherche s’interroge sur la présumée dichotomie entre les alternances et les généralisations de surface dans le cadre théorique de la grammaire de constructions. Plus précisément,l’objectif de cette thèse est ternaire. Par l’analyse attentive d’une grande quantité de données, nous faisons une description détaillée de l’alternance causative en anglais (The fabric stretched vs. Joan stretched the fabric), nous proposons une méthode qui permet de mesurer la force d’alternance des verbes ainsi que la quantité de sens partagée entre les deux constructions, et, enfin, nous montrons que si l’on veut rendre compte des contraintes au niveau de la construction, l’on doit alors prendre en compte les généralisations de plus bas niveau, telles que les interactions entre le verbe et ses arguments dans le cadre de chaque construction. Afin d’ajouter au débat entre alternance et généralisations de surface, nous proposons une analyse détaillée des deux constructions qui forment l’alternance causative en anglais : la construction intransitive non-causative d’une part et la construction transitive causative de l’autre.Notre but est de mesurer la quantité de sens partagée par les deux constructions mais aussi démontrer en quoi ces deux constructions diffèrent. Dans cette optique, nous prenons en compte trois éléments: construction, verbe et thème (i.e. l’entité sujette à l’évènement dénoté par le verbe). Nous utilisons la sémantique distributionnelle pour la mesure des similarités sémantiques entre les divers thèmes employés avec chaque verbe dans chaque construction dans notre corpus.Ce groupement sémantique met en lumière les différents sens verbaux employés avec chaque construction et nous permet d’établir des généralisations quant aux contraintes qui s’appliquent au thème dans chaque constructionThe present research takes issue with the supposed dichotomy between alternations on the onehand and surface generalisations on the other, within the framework of construction grammar.More specifically the aim of this thesis is threefold. Through the careful analysis of a largedataset, we aim to provide a thorough description of the causative alternation in English (Thefabric stretched vs. Joan stretched the fabric), suggest a method that allows for a solid measure ofa verb’s alternation strength and of the amount of shared meaning between two constructions,and finally, show that in order to capture constraints at the level of the construction, one mustpay attention to lower level generalisations such as the interaction between verb and argumentswithin the scope of each construction.In an effort to add to the discussion on alternation vs. surface generalisations, we propose adetailed study of the two constructions that make up the causative alternation: the intransitivenon-transitive causative construction and the transitive causative construction. Our goal is tomeasure the amount of meaning shared by the two constructions and also show the differencesbetween the two. In order to do so we take three elements into account: construction, verband theme (i.e. the entity that undergoes the event denoted by the verb). We use distributionalsemantics to measure the semantic similarity of the various themes found with each verb andeach construction in our corpus. This grouping highlights the different verb senses used witheach construction and allows us to draw generalisations as to the constraints on the theme ineach construction
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Huyssen, Carmen. "Translating nature: A corpus-based study". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26378.
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In contemporary nature writing, beauty can indeed be said to be "in the eye of the beholder". English-Canadian and French authors of such texts often perceive and describe their natural surroundings in very individual, though culturally shared, ways.
English-Canadian and French authors have developed quite different approaches to nature writing, and this difference becomes clearly apparent through a contrastive analysis of two corpora: nature writing intended for English-Canadian readers and similar texts addressed to French readers. Through the juxtaposition of these texts, the cultural topoi of each linguistic set are drawn out.
In an environment where forces of globalization are bringing more languages and cultures into contact, an analysis of this type sets forth the "culturemes" that practising translators need to be aware of and respond to. A sample text that takes the findings into account illustrates this.
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Cheng, Yonghong. "English non-plural nouns in -s : a survey and corpus-based study". Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1395455.
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The English suffix -s is usually used to mark third person singular present tense, noun plurals, possessives, and in some adverbs, but it is also used in words like news, linguistics, measles, billiards, belongings, riches, oats, shivers, scissors, etc. In the literature so far, words like these have been studied mainly from the diachronic perspective, according to their morphological features and within the realm of count and mass nouns, and the suffix -s has been called a plural marker, possessive marker, pseudo-morpheme, or nominalizer. But these functions identified for the English suffix -s can't successfully explain usages of the suffix -s in all the non-plural English nouns, especially those that are not abstract nouns.In this dissertation a survey on the use of English non-plural nouns in -s is conducted with middle school students, college freshmen, college seniors, college professors and staff members as subjects using six different grammatical tests. It is found that the High School group and Staff Members always stand out as different from College Students and Professors suggesting that education level or the heterogeneousness of education levels does play a role in affecting the subjects' use of the English non-plural nouns in -s. In the survey, the subjects' performance in different types of tests is statistically different indicating that different kinds of tests affect the subjects' performance and grammaticality judgment differently.The FROWN-based study shows that most of these English non-plural nouns in -s are not used very frequently in contemporary American English, revealing that most of the English reference grammars are using obsolete or historical examples. The corpus-based study also tells us that most of the cases of these English non-plural nouns in -s are in non-subject positions, making it harder for us to test the number status of these words. But this large number of non-subject cases just means that we can't tell whether these words are intrinsically plural or singular and in fact except for only a few clearly marked plural cases there is a strong tendency towards generic interpretations for these non-plural nouns in -s. Actually it is this in-determinateness that makes the appearance of the new morpheme or new functions of old morphemes possible.The data from the Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Ed, Online (OED), supports Stahlke, Cheng & Sung's (forthcoming) argument that in the late 16th and early 17th century a new morpheme--the nominalizer -s, was developed in the English language to turn adjectives and concrete nouns into abstract nouns. The data on the historical semantic development of English non-plural nouns in -s from the OED also reveals the process of a semantic shift of Adj. -+ Sing. N -+ Pl. N -+ Col. N - Gen. N. This process of semantic shift is strongly evidenced by the disappearance of singular forms of the English non-plural nouns -s in the late 16th and early 17th century and successfully explains why the English nouns in -s have the generic interpretation and require singular verb agreement.Department of English
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Almujaiwel, Sultan Nasser. "Contrastive lexicology and comparable English-Arabic corpora-based analysis of vague and mistranslated Arabic equivalence : the case of the modern English-Arabic dictionary of al-Mawrid". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13141.
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The main concern in this research is to reveal the existence of shortcomings in the representation of meaning in the equivalents provided in a given context of the bilingual English-Arabic dictionary of al-Mawrid (Ba<albaki 2005), and to disclose the contributions made in Contrastive Lexicology, Bilingual Lexicography, Translation Theory, Corpus Linguistics and Contrastive Linguistics, in an attempt to come up with a more suitable framework, based on bilingual lexicology and corpora-based approaches, for the analysis of equivalence in English-Arabic by means of computerized corpora, especially by what is known as comparable corpora. This research is divided into 6 Chapters. The introduction, Chapter 1, provides the statement of the research problem, the rationale, the objectives and the questions of the study. Chapter 2 discusses three issues: (i) the terms used to refer to the word; (ii) the semantic analysis and relations of the word; and (iii) the disciplines of bilingual lexicography, translation studies and contrastive linguistics, and their respective contributions to the central notion of equivalence in the bilingual dictionary. The discussion about the last issue will pave the way for using comparable corpora in the investigation of selected entries and their equivalents in the given context. It will also show how useful and effective such an approach is in criticising existing Arabic equivalents in al-Mawrid (2005). Chapter 3 is a review of the bilingual English-Arabic dictionary of al-Mawrid in terms of its purpose and the representation of meanings and entries. It also includes an overview of previous reviews. The aim is to provide and develop a new critical framework of al-Mawrid by a new multi-approach to equivalence in the English-Arabic dictionary, as given in Chapter 4: this is mainly based on comparable English-Arabic corpora, and the criteria for making two individual corpora comparable rather than parallel. Chapters 5 and 6 are dedicated to the analysis of equivalents which are found to be either vague (see Chapter 5) or a mistranslation (see Chapter 6) in a given context.
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Celebi, Hatice. "Extracting And Analyzing Impoliteness In Corpora A Study Based On Thebritish National Corpus And The Spoken Turkish Corpus". Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615309/index.pdf.
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This study aims to focus on extracting and analyzing impoliteness in corpora in
British English and Turkish retrieved from two different corpora British National
Corpus (BNC) and Spoken Turkish Corpus (STC), which is under construction. It
focuses on conversation as genre in spoken interaction and discusses issues related
to impoliteness in a corpus driven linguistics (CDL) approach. It proposes two
levelsextraction and analysis. Within the CDL framework, the theory or model of impoliteness behind the analysis will be forced by the findings gathered from the extraction of impoliteness. At the extraction level, among the spoken texts in both in BNC and the databases of STC, for the purposes of this study, dialogues that include a conflict or an offending event will be selected. In order to select such dialogues, various methods will be applied. First, spoken texts will be scanned through an initial word query, collocation query, question sentences and tags query, query for imperatives and possible queries that allow for searching for prosodic nuances, as well as interruptions and overlaps to the extent the corpora and the focus of the study allow. Second, metapragmatics comments, conventionalized impoliteness formulae, cues for non-conventionalized implicational impoliteness,conversational patterns, and other cues such as semantic prosody coming into play in the co-text and context are taken into consideration. Once the selection is completed, the insights gathered from the extracted instances of impoliteness will be applied to analyze the data. Impoliteness in both languages will be examined in regards to how impoliteness is triggered, how the progression of impolite exchanges takes place, and how those instances of impoliteness are resolved. Other considerations such as context-determined impoliteness, intentionality of the speaker, and perception of the hearer will be discussed.
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Tagg, Caroline. "A corpus linguistics study of SMS text messaging". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/253/.
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This thesis reports a study using a corpus of text messages in English (CorTxt) to explore linguistic features which define texting as a language variety. It focuses on how the language of texting, Txt, is shaped by texters actively fulfilling interpersonal goals. The thesis starts with an overview of the literature on texting, which indicates the need for thorough linguistic investigation of Txt based on a large dataset. It then places texting within the tradition of research into the speech-writing continuum, which highlights limitations of focusing on mode at the expense of other user-variables. The thesis also argues the need for inductive investigation alongside the quantitative corpus-based frameworks that dominate the field. A number of studies are then reported which explore the unconventional nature of Txt. Firstly, drawing on the argument that respelling constitutes a meaning-making resource, spelling variants are retrieved using word-frequency lists and categorised according to form and function. Secondly, identification of everyday creativity in CorTxt challenges studies focusing solely on spelling as a creative resource, and suggests that creativity plays an important role in texting because of, rather than despite, physical constraints. Thirdly, word frequency analysis suggests that the distinct order of the most frequent words in CorTxt can be explained with reference to the frequent phrases in which they occur. Finally, application of a spoken grammar model reveals similarities and differences between spoken and texted interaction. The distinct strands of investigation highlight, on the one hand, the extent to which texting differs from speech and, on the other, the role of user agency, awareness and choice in shaping Txt. The argument is made that this can be explained through performativity and, in particular, the observation that texters perform brevity, speech-like informality and group deviance in construing identities through Txt.
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Piao, Scott. "Sentence and word alignment between Chinese and English". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/52143/.
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Sharp, Harriet. "English in spoken Swedish : a corpus study of two discourse domains". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-10669.
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Mutesayire, M. "Cohesive devices and explication in translated English: A corpus-based study". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488753.
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Gao, Z. M. "Automatic extraction of translation equivalents from a parallel Chinese - English corpus". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488455.
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Tse, Grace Yuen Wah. "A corpus-based study of proper names in present-day English". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403781.
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Berglund, Ylva. "Expressions of Future in Present-day English: A Corpus-based Approach". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb409313492.
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Choi, Chi Ha. "Translating animal verbs from English to Chinese :a corpus-assisted study". Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953658.
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Trklja, Aleksandar. "A corpus linguistics study of translation correspondences in English and German". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4785/.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This thesis aims at developing an analytical model for differentiation of translation correspondences and for grouping lexical items according to their semantic similarities. The model combines the language in use theory of meaning with the distributional corpus linguistics method. The identification of translation correspondences derives from the exploration of the occurrence of lexical items in the parallel corpus. The classification of translation correspondences into groups is based on the substitution principle, whereas the distinguishing features used to differentiate between lexical items emerge as a result of the study of local contexts in which these lexical items occur. The distinguishing features are analysed with the help of various statistical measurements. The results obtained indicate that the proposed model has advantages over the traditional approaches that rely on the referential theory of meaning. In addition to contributing to lexicology the model also has its applications in practical lexicography and in language teaching.
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Davies, Ceri. "A corpus-based investigation of noun to verb conversion in English". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416082.
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