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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 3 de fevereiro de 2022

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1

Pszczoła, Marek, and Józef Judycki. "Comparison of calculated and measured thermal stresses in asphalt concrete." BALTIC JOURNAL OF ROAD AND BRIDGE ENGINEERING 10, no. 1 (2015): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.05.

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The paper presents the comparison of calculated and measured thermal stresses induced in restrained asphalt concrete specimens by cooling. Thermal stresses were measured in the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test. The calculations of thermal stresses were performed with the use of a theoretical formula based on the temperature dependent stiffness modulus. The novel approach applied in this paper was that the stiffness modulus of asphalt concrete which was used in calculations was measured in a creep test at low temperatures on the same material which was used in the Thermal Stress Restrain

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2

Zubeck, Hannele K., Huayang Zeng, Ted S. Vinson, and Vincent C. Janoo. "Field Validation of Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test: Six Case Histories." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1545, no. 1 (1996): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154500109.

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Construction histories, cracking observations, and temperature data were collected for five test roads in Alaska, Pennsylvania, and Finland. A full-scale and fully controlled low-temperature cracking test program was conducted at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. Specimens were fabricated in the laboratory with original asphalt cements and aggregates from the test roads. The thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) results obtained for these samples were correlated with the field observations. On the basis of a statistical analysis of the data, the TSRST fr

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3

HUANG, Chunshui, Zhanfeng ZHANG, and Danying DAO. "Thermal stress restrained specimen test on fiber enhanced asphalt concrete and thermal stress calculation models." Annales de chimie Science des Matériaux 42, no. 3 (2018): 387–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/acsm.42.387-403.

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4

Zubeck, Hannele K., and Ted S. Vinson. "Prediction of Low-Temperature Cracking of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures with Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test Results." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1545, no. 1 (1996): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154500107.

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A deterministic model and a probabilistic model were developed to predict low-temperature crack spacing as a function of time using thermal stress restrained specimen test results, pavement thickness and bulk density, pavement restraint conditions, and air temperature. The effect of aging on pavement properties was incorporated in the models by predicting the field aging with long-term oven aging treatment in the laboratory. The calculation of the crack spacing is based on the theory that the pavement slab cracks when the pavement temperature reaches the cracking temperature of the mixture and

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5

Steiner, Daniel, and Bernhard Hofko. "On the influence of basic thermodynamics on thermal cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures in cooling tests." RILEM Technical Letters 3 (July 12, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2018.54.

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The cooling test or Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) simulates fully restrained pavements, as they occur in field for laboratory assessment of the thermal cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures. In the TSRST, cryogenic stress builds up due to cooling and prevented shrinkage until the tensile strength of the specimen is exceeded and the specimen fails by cracking. By carrying out TSRST various viscoelastic parameters, e.g. relaxation, evolution of tensile stresses, and tensile strength can be analyzed. Thus, a comprehensive view on the low temperature performance is possible. St

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6

Keshavarzi, Behrooz, Douglas Mocelin, and Youngsoo Richard Kim. "Predicting Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test Fracture Temperatures Using the Dissipated Pseudo Strain Energy Criterion." Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements 147, no. 1 (2021): 04020088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jpeodx.0000236.

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7

Gražulytė, Judita, Audrius Vaitkus, Vitalijus Andrejevas, and Gediminas Gribulis. "Methods and criteria for evaluation of asphalt mixture resistance to low temperature cracking." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 12, no. 2 (2017): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2017.16.

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In cold regions and areas where there is a huge difference between high and low temperatures asphalt pavements are subject to low temperature cracking. The appeared cracks form pavement discontinuities, through which water penetrates into pavement structure. It reduces the bearing capacity of the whole pavement structure, weakens adhesion between bitumen and aggregate, affects bonding between layers and increases the development of frost heaves. A sealing of cracks deals with these issues. However, additional inspections after each winter have to be carried out to identify both cracks that hav

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8

Luo, Sang, and Zhen Dong Qian. "Research on Low Temperature Performance of Epoxy Asphalt Mixture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1124.

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Low-temperature cracking is a significant and costly problem for pavement on the orthotropic steel deck. As a popular material used on the steel deck pavement, the low-temperature performance of epoxy asphalt mixture was investigated. In this research, the three-point bending test, the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) and the coefficient of thermal contraction test were conducted to achieve the flexural strain energy, the fracture temperature, and the coefficient of thermal contraction respectively. Test results show that epoxy asphalt mixture performs excellently on low-tempera

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9

Liu, Longlong, Jianshu Ouyang, Feilong Li, Jianda Xin, Dahai Huang, and Shuling Gao. "Research on the Crack Risk of Early-Age Concrete under the Temperature Stress Test Machine." Materials 11, no. 10 (2018): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101822.

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A new temperature stress test machine (TSTM) was developed to improve temperature control accuracy and efficiency. As there is no uniform standard for the threshold value of TSTM, quite different threshold values are used in the test, which results in the influences of the threshold value on the evaluation of thermal stresses and crack risk of concrete not being determined. To illustrate the importance of an appropriate threshold value, different threshold values were used to evaluate the influences on the thermal stresses and cracking resistance of concrete specimens under a complete restrain

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10

Cao, Xing Song, Dong Wei Cao, Shi Xiong Liu, Xio Qiang Yang, and Lin Lan. "Performance Evaluation of a Novel High Durability Epoxy Asphalt Concrete for Bridge Deck Pavements." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.550.

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A novel high durability epoxy asphalt concrete for bridge deck pavements is introduced in this paper, including the manufacturing process of epoxy asphalt binder and laboratory evaluation for this material. Various laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the pavement performance of the materials, such as fatigue test, wheel tracking test, moisture susceptibility test and thermal stress restrained specimen test. Test results show that epoxy asphalt concrete has 20137 cycles/mm dynamic stability at 70°C, and-28.4 °C fracture temperature. The fatigue equations of epoxy asphalt concrete at dif

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11

Jackson, N. Mike, and Ted S. Vinson. "Analysis of Thermal Fatigue Distress of Asphalt Concrete Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1545, no. 1 (1996): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154500106.

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Thermal cracking of asphalt concrete pavements is responsible for millions of dollars in annual maintenance and rehabilitation costs in the United States and Canada. Thermal cracking typically is associated with low temperatures in northern climates and at high elevations. Another form of thermal cracking, known as thermal fatigue cracking, has been proposed by several researchers as a potential mode of distress in regions with relatively moderate climates. The objectives were to evaluate the possibility of the occurrence of the thermal fatigue cracking mode of distress and to identify a suita

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12

Tapsoba, Nouffou, Hassan Baaj, Cédric Sauzéat, Hervé Di Benedetto, and Mohsen Ech. "3D Analysis and Modelling of Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) on Asphalt Mixes with RAP and Roofing Shingles." Construction and Building Materials 120 (September 2016): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.092.

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13

Raoufi, Kambiz, John Schlitter, Dale Bentz, and Jason Weiss. "Parametric Assessment of Stress Development and Cracking in Internally Cured Restrained Mortars Experiencing Autogenous Deformations and Thermal Loading." Advances in Civil Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/870128.

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A finite element model is used to examine how the properties of cementitious mortar are related to the stress development in the dual ring test. The results of this investigation are used to explain the thermal cracking behavior of mixtures containing prewetted lightweight aggregates (LWA) by quantifying the contribution of several material properties individually. In addition to the beneficial effects of using the LWA as an internal curing agent to reduce the autogenous shrinkage of concrete, the LWA also helps to reduce the potential for thermal cracking due to a lower elastic modulus and in

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14

Rathore, Mukul, Viktors Haritonovs, and Martins Zaumanis. "Performance Evaluation of Warm Asphalt Mixtures Containing Chemical Additive and Effect of Incorporating High Reclaimed Asphalt Content." Materials 14, no. 14 (2021): 3793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143793.

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Reclaimed asphalt (RA) and Warm mix asphalt (WMA) are two widely used environmentally friendly mixtures in the paving industry. This study compares the laboratory performance of conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA) with virgin WMA, and WMA containing 60% RA content, using thermal stress restrained specimen test, wheel tracking test, and indirect tensile strength test. Based on test results, a reduction of 15 °C in mixing temperature was achieved for WMA mixtures compared to HMA using the given chemical additive. The virgin WMA mixture showed superior cracking resistance but lower rutting resista

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15

Carter, Steve, Khaled Ksaibati, and George Huntington. "Field and Laboratory Evaluations of Hot-Poured Thermoelastic Bituminous Crack Sealing of Asphalt Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1933, no. 1 (2005): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193300113.

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This paper describes the results of field and laboratory tests evaluating four configurations and three materials used for crack surfacing. Crack surfacing, as defined in this paper, is the sealing of cracks over 1 in. (25 mm) wide in asphalt pavements. Laboratory testing using the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST; AASHTO TP 10-93) determines the temperature at which a specimen with its ends restrained fails due to thermal contraction. Field studies evaluate the performance of two materials with the uniform overband configuration on three roads in Wyoming. All crack surfacing mat

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16

Pszczola, Marek, and Cezary Szydlowski. "Influence of Bitumen Type and Asphalt Mixture Composition on Low-Temperature Strength Properties According to Various Test Methods." Materials 11, no. 11 (2018): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112118.

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In regions with low-temperatures, action transverse cracks can appear in asphalt pavements as a result of thermal stresses that exceed the fracture strength of materials used in asphalt layers. To better understand thermal cracking phenomenon, strength properties of different asphalt mixtures were investigated. Four test methods were used to assess the influence of bitumen type and mixture composition on tensile strength properties of asphalt mixtures: tensile strength was measured using the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) and the uniaxial tension stress test (UTST), flexural s

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17

Pham, Nguyen Hoang, Cédric Sauzéat, Hervé Di Benedetto, Juan A. González-León, Gilles Barreto, and Aurélia Nicolaï. "Fatigue and Thermal Cracking of Hot and Warm Bituminous Mixtures with Different RAP Contents." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (2020): 9812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239812.

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This paper presents results of laboratory tests on hot and warm bituminous mixtures produced with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP). Additives were used to produce warm bituminous mixtures. Fatigue behaviour and thermomechanical behaviour at low temperature were investigated. Fatigue was studied by analysing the tension/compression fatigue test results. Four different failure criteria were used in order to evaluate fatigue life. The low temperature behaviour of the materials was characterized using the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST). For each material, three replicates were per

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18

Zhai, Yue, Yubai Li, Yan Li, Yunsheng Zhang, Fandong Meng, and Ming Lu. "Impact Compression Test and Numerical Simulation Analysis of Concrete after Thermal Treatment in Complex Stress State." Materials 12, no. 12 (2019): 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12121938.

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To study the dynamic mechanical properties and fracture law of concrete after thermal treatment and reveal its mechanism, the impact compression test was carried out on different thermal-treated (400–800 °C) concrete specimens using a split Hopkinson pressure bas (SHPB) system. By using ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the finite element numerical simulation of the test process was illustrated. The research showed that under passive confining pressure, the more the loading rate is increased, the more obvious the effect of the passive confining pressure on the concrete specimen, as well as the more significant t

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19

Stienss, Marcin, and Cezary Szydlowski. "Influence of Selected Warm Mix Asphalt Additives on Cracking Susceptibility of Asphalt Mixtures." Materials 13, no. 1 (2020): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010202.

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Warm mix asphalt (WMA) has been widely accepted as a future asphalt paving technology. Besides clear advantages, there are still some concerns regarding durability and long-term performance of pavements made with this type of asphalt mixtures. One of the most important issues is low temperature behaviour of WMA because certain additives used for temperature reduction can affect bitumen properties. This paper presents the evaluation of low-temperature properties of laboratory-produced asphalt concrete for wearing course with selected WMA additives. One type of bitumen with paving grade 50/70 an

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20

Falchetto, Augusto Cannone, Ki Hoon Moon, and Michael P. Wistuba. "Development of a simple correlation between bending beam rheometer and thermal stress restrained specimen test low-temperature properties based on a simplified size effect approach." Road Materials and Pavement Design 18, sup2 (2017): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1305147.

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21

Hýzl, Petr, Ondřej Dašek, Michal Varaus, et al. "The effect of compaction degree and binder content on performance properties of asphalt mixtures." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 11, no. 3 (2016): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2016.26.

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The effect of compaction degree and binder content on performance properties of asphalt mixtures of an asphalt concrete type for wearing and binder courses are described in the paper. Measurements of stiffness modulus by two-point bending test on trapezoidal shaped specimens, fatigue characteristics, and resistance against frost cracking by thermal stress restrained specimen test have been performed on selected asphalt mixtures. The main aim of the experimental part was to determine to what extent the performance properties of the individual mixtures will be affected when decreasing the compac

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22

Shirzad, Sharareh, Marwa M. Hassan, Max A. Aguirre, Samuel Cooper, Louay N. Mohammad, and Ioan I. Negulescu. "Laboratory Testing of Self-Healing Polymer Modified Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Materials (RAP/RAS)." MATEC Web of Conferences 271 (2019): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927103003.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of an innovative light-induced self-healing polymers in enhancing the durability of asphalt mixtures and improving its self-healing properties. Mixtures were prepared using two different binders, with and without recycled materials, and self-healing polymer. Results showed that the addition of recycled asphalt material to mixtures prepared with an unmodified binder negatively affected the healing recovery at room temperature. Furthermore, Self-healing properties of the mixtures were improved by increasing the healing temperature. The a

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23

Fortier, Richard, and Ted S. Vinson. "Low-Temperature Cracking and Aging Performance of Modified Asphalt Concrete Specimens." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1630, no. 1 (1998): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1630-10.

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The thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) was used to evaluate the low-temperature cracking resistance and aging performance of modified asphalt concrete (AC) specimens. One aggregate, two asphalt cements (AAA-1 and AAB-1), five modifiers (latex polymer, ethylene acrylate copolymer, rubber powder, elastomer, and a blend of polypropylene and Kevlar fibers), and four 85°C oven aging levels (0, 5, 25, and 50 days) were considered. The results of the bending beam rheometer test (BBRT) on binders at −20°C showed that AAA-1 displayed a smaller creep stiffness than AAB-1. Only two modifiers

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24

Zhu, Yuefeng, Reyhaneh Rahbar-Rastegar, Yanwei Li, Yaning Qiao, and Chundi Si. "Exploring the Possibility of Using Ionic Copolymer Poly (Ethylene-co-Methacrylic) Acid as Modifier and Self-Healing Agent in Asphalt Binder and Mixture." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (2020): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020426.

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It is well-accepted that the ionic copolymer poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic) acid (also named EMAA) is one type of self-healing material. This particular capability has great potential for extending the service life of infrastructures. In order to improve the rheological, mechanical, and self-healing properties of asphalt binder and asphalt mixtures, EMAA and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) were selected as the additives. In this study, the effects of EMAA and SBR on the performance of bitumen and asphalt mixtures were examined and characterized using various parameters including rheological ind

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25

You, Taesun, Yucheng Shi, Louay N. Mohammad, and Samuel B. Cooper. "Laboratory Performance of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Re-Refined Engine Oil Bottoms Modified Asphalt Binders." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 28 (2018): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118787936.

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The increasing use of hardened oxidized asphalt binders in recycling materials such as recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) has increased the need to use re-refined engine oil bottoms (REOB) as a recycling agent. However, conflicting conclusions on the effect of REOB on mixture performance have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to characterize the laboratory performance of conventional asphalt mixtures and mixtures containing REOB modified asphalt binders. Four 12.5-mm asphalt mixtures, containing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% REOB modified

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26

Crossley, Glen A., and Simon A. M. Hesp. "New Class of Reactive Polymer Modifiers for Asphalt: Mitigation of Low-Temperature Damage." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1728, no. 1 (2000): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1728-10.

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Results from the low-temperature performance evaluation of a new class of reactive polymer modifiers designed to improve binder-aggregate adhesion in asphalt concrete are discussed. A living free radical polymerization process was used to prepare polyisoprene (PI) with short blocks of reactive silane-functional monomer at one end of the polymer chain. Performance was evaluated with the thermal stress restrained specimen test at a cooling rate of-10°C/h. The results obtained were compared with those for unmodified and styrene-butadiene (SB)-modified mixes. When added at 3 and 6 percent by weigh

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27

Mensching, David J., Adrian Andriescu, Christopher DeCarlo, Xinjun Li, and Jack S. Youtcheff. "Effect of Extended Aging on Asphalt Materials Containing Re-Refined Engine Oil Bottoms." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2632, no. 1 (2017): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2632-07.

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The use of re-refined engine oil bottoms (REOBs) in asphalt pavements is a topic of much debate because the aging susceptibility and quantity of the additive in the binder may affect field performance. In this study, four mixtures with varying REOB contents (up to 15%) were long-term oven aged by using a high-temperature, short-duration method (135°C, 24 h) and compared with existing data on mixtures aged with more conventional short-term and long-term oven-aging procedures. The recovered binders underwent Superpave® grading, double-edge notched tension, and extended bending beam rheometer tes

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28

Stroup-Gardiner, Mary, Dave Newcomb, and Rachel DeSombre. "Characterizing Properties of Asphalt Cement at Cold Temperatures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1545, no. 1 (1996): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154500108.

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A range of binder test results for Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) Materials Reference Library asphalts were used to identify critical low-temperature behavior. Test results were obtained from in-house testing, Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) testing, and previously reported SHRP research reports. Tests used were the Fraass brittle point, bending beam, a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) glass transition temperature. A good correlation between the Fraass brittle point and the bending beam rheometer limiting stiffness indicated

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29

Yang, Jun, Shirley Ddamba, Riyad UL-Islam, Md Safiuddin, and Susan L. Tighe. "Investigation on use of recycled asphalt shingles in Ontario hot mix asphalt: a Canadian case study." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 41, no. 2 (2014): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2013-0022.

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The usage of recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) in hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements provides many benefits as long as they are properly engineered into the various HMA mixes. Contractors, consultants, and Departments of Transportation have evaluated the performance of these various materials, although they are still only used in a limited number of areas. Alternatively, recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) is recognized as a high value recycled material and is actually the most recycled material in North America. In Ontario, RAP is successfully used in most HMA. Related studies on HMA containing RAS an

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30

Zemanová, Alena, Radoslav Sovják, and Jiri Litos. "Restrained Shrinkage Test of High Performance Concrete Ring Specimen." Advanced Materials Research 982 (July 2014): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.982.38.

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The aim of this study was to quantify the restrained shrinkage of high performance concrete (HPC). Ring test was used for the measurement of restrained shrinkage. Mechanical properties of the HPC as well as free shrinkage were determined for assessment of theoretical stress in shrinkage restrained material. The results from the ring test showed a lot of information about material such as development of actual residual stress, cracking potential, microcracks and relaxation.

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31

Li, Yun Feng, Yan Yao, and Ling Wang. "Shrinkage Cracking Test and Analytical Model for Concrete Considering Creep Behaviour at Early Age." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.435.

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Cracking due to the restrained shrinkage stress has been frequently observed at early age in concrete construction. The early-age shrinkage cracking reduce the structural performance of concrete and may accelerate deterioration to shorten the service life. Two kinds of strategies and instrumentation have been developed to assess early age cracking: ring tests with a restraining core, longitudinal tests where the restraint is at the end grips of the specimen. Early-age concrete exhibits creep or relaxation behavior that is a typical response of viscoelastic materials. Viscoelastic constitutive

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32

Roy, Sushanta D., and Simon A. M. Hesp. "Low-Temperature Binder Specification Development: Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Testing of Asphalt Binders and Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1766, no. 1 (2001): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1766-02.

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Zhang, Cai Li, Lian Yu Wei, and Qing Ying Meng. "The Research of Low Temperature Performance of Asphalt Mixture." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 2507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.2507.

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To address Superpave graded and AC graded asphalt mixture, bending test at low temperature and thermal stress restrained sample tests are used respectively to evaluate the low temperature performance of asphalt mixture. Meanwhile, contrast analysis of the two test methods and the low temperature performance of two asphalt mixture are studied, too. The results show that Superpave method can effectively improve low temperature perfomance of asphalt mixture. In the thermal stress restrained sample tests, freezing temperature and transition point temperature can evaluate the low temperature cracki

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34

Hossain, Akhter B., Brad Pease, and Jason Weiss. "Quantifying Early-Age Stress Development and Cracking in Low Water-to-Cement Concrete: Restrained-Ring Test with Acoustic Emission." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1834, no. 1 (2003): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1834-04.

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Early-age cracking has been found to occur in some concrete bridge decks, slabs, and pavements when the volumetric changes associated with drying, hydration, and temperature reduction are prevented. While free-shrinkage tests can quantify length change, they may not always be sufficient for detecting materials that are prone to cracking, since the potential for cracking is influenced by complex interactions of strength gain, stiffness development, creep, shrinkage, the degree of restraint, and toughness. The simplicity of the ring test enables it to be used as a comparative test to screen pote

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35

Chen, Ke, Hui Hu, Ke Chen, Zhaohui Chen, and Xin Wang. "Cracking Tendency Prediction of High-Performance Cementitious Materials." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/591084.

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The constraint ring test is widely used to assess the cracking potential for early-age cementitious materials. In this paper, the analytical expressions based on elastic mechanism are presented to estimate the residual stresses of the restrained mortar ring by considering the comprehensive effects of hydration heat, autogenous and drying shrinkage, creeping, and restraint. In the present analytical method, the stress field of the restrained ring is treated as the superposition of those caused by hydration heat, external restraint, autogenous and drying shrinkage, and creep. The factors includi

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36

Keshavarzi, Behrooz, and Y. Richard Kim. "A dissipated pseudo strain energy-based failure criterion for thermal cracking and its verification using thermal stress restrained specimen tests." Construction and Building Materials 233 (February 2020): 117199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117199.

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Menu, Bruce, Marc Jolin, and Benoit Bissonnette. "Assessing the Shrinkage Cracking Potential of Concrete Using Ring Specimens with Different Boundary Conditions." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (May 7, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4842369.

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Early-age cracking due to restrained shrinkage affects the performance and service life of concrete structures. Recent studies are successfully making use of the free ring shrinkage test in conjunction with restrained shrinkage measurements for the evaluation of the cracking potential of cementitious materials. This study provides information to improve the interpretation of cracking in ring specimens and a theoretical approach for predicting the stress rate of thick ring specimens. Results show that the rate of strain development and the age-at-cracking vary with specimen drying direction and

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Hossain, Akhter B., and Jason Weiss. "The role of specimen geometry and boundary conditions on stress development and cracking in the restrained ring test." Cement and Concrete Research 36, no. 1 (2006): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.06.043.

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Choe, Kyeong Hwan, Kyong Whoan Lee, and Myung Ho Kim. "Effect of Si on the Thermal Stability of Ferritic Heat-Resistant Ductile Iron." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.205.

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The effect of silicon (Si) on the stability of heat-resistant ductile iron having ferrite matrix in high temperature was investigated by dilatometric test. Microstructure of heat-resistant ferritic ductile iron consists of ferrite, eutectic carbide at eutectic cell boundaries, precipitated carbide in grain and graphite. Pearlite was found around eutectic carbide in some specimens, however, all pearlite was decomposed by the annealing treatment. As Si content was increased, the number and size of carbide decreased and full ferrite matrix were obtained. The starting temperature of ferrite-austen

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Bramel, Brian K., Charles W. Dolan, Jay A. Puckett, and Khaled Ksaibati. "Asphalt Plug Joints: Refined Material Tests and Design Guidelines." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1740, no. 1 (2000): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1740-16.

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Highway builders and rehabilitators throughout the United States use asphalt plug joints (APJs) in bridge expansion joints according to manufacturers’ recommendations. Joint performance varies widely, as indicated in recent surveys. State departments of transportation are installing joints in unsuitable sites or are overlooking other sites where APJs may work well. Rational design guidelines for APJs have been developed. The research suggests suitable applications, material characterization, design guidelines, and validation procedures. Two critical material properties are required to qualify

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Ijiri, Masataka, Norihiro Okada, Syouta Kanetou, et al. "Thermal Stress Relaxation and High-Temperature Corrosion of Cr-Mo Steel Processed Using Multifunction Cavitation." Materials 11, no. 11 (2018): 2291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112291.

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This research investigated high-temperature corrosion (500 °C) of Cr-Mo steel processed using water jet peening or multifunction cavitation (MFC), and the suitability of such steel for high-temperature boilers and reaction vessels. High-temperature corrosion was induced using an embedment test and a coating test using sulfide-type K2SO4-Na2SO4 powder. To measure the relaxation of the residual stress due to the decrease in work hardening caused by an increase in specimen temperature and the difference in thermal shrinkage between the surface and interior of the specimen, a thermal cycling test

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Wakayama, Shuichi. "Characterization of Crack Initiation Behavior in Ceramics under Thermal Shock." Key Engineering Materials 312 (June 2006): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.312.281.

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A new experimental technique, Disc-on-Rod test, was developed for evaluating the thermal shock fracture characteristics of ceramic materials. The specimen is disc shaped with a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 0.6 mm, and the 2-dimensional thermal stress field was obtained. The specimen was heated to a high temperature and the center region was quenched by means of contact with a cool metal rod with a diameter of 4 mm. The temperature distribution of the specimen was measured by a high speed IR camera and used for the determination of the thermal stress field in the specimen using FEM calc

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Arikawa, Jun, and Takeshi Shiono. "Evaluation of Thermal Shock Resistance for Ceramic Materials by Young’s Modulus." Key Engineering Materials 766 (April 2018): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.766.170.

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When a sudden temperature difference is applied to a brittle material such as ceramics, some cracks will occur in the material and it may fracture in some case. The generated cracks as a fracture origin may cause the strength reduction, so the evaluation of thermal shock resistance is very important for ceramic materials. In the conventional evaluation of the thermal shock resistance (thermal shock fracture temperature, ΔTC), the fracture stress is measured after thermal shock test as a function of temperature difference. For this method, however, many specimens are required to estimate fractu

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Corinaldesi, Valeria, and Giacomo Moriconi. "Evaluation of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Cracking through Ring Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1475.

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Cracks can reduce the service life of a concrete structure by allowing aggressive agents to penetrate through it in easy ways. Free shrinkage evaluation alone is not enough to determine if cracking can be expected in a structure since concrete creep behaviour, stiffness and toughness also influence the potential for cracking. Consequently, it is rather interesting to perform restrained shrinkage tests, such as the ring test according to ASTM C 1581–04. The testing procedure involves concrete ring specimens restrained by an inner steel ring on which strain gauges are placed to determine the age

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Koo, Song Heo, and Young Shin Lee. "The Study of Optimum Shape to Evaluation for Thermal Shock Behavior of Graphite." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 915–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.915.

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The purpose of the present study is to evaluate thermal shock properties of the ATJ graphite using laser irradiation techniques. Cracks of thermal shock specimens are initiated by maximum tensile stress field. Thermal shock resistance of the ATJ graphite is correlated with thermal parameter and mechanical property. To simulate the thermal stress conditions of rocket nozzle throat for the evaluation of the thermal shock resistance of ATJ graphite, the laser irradiation was applied at the central area of disk specimen. Thermal shock resistance was related to the geometry, the maximum stress, and

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Youn, Kuk Tae, Young Mok Rhyim, Won Jon Yang, Jong Hoon Lee, and Chan Gyu Lee. "Evaluation of Thermal Fatigue Properties of Surface Treated AISI H13 Steel for Aluminum Die-Casting." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1173.

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The influence of surface treatment such as nitriding, TNHT(Ti Nano Heat-treatment, PHILOS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.) and PVD coating on the thermal crack propagation behavior of hot work die steel was investigated. To examine the thermal fatigue resistance, the cyclic thermal shock system consisted of induction heating and water spray quenching unit was constructed and Lm is proposed as the index representing the susceptibility to crack initiation and propagation. Thermal stress depending on test temperature was also simulated by FEM. The TNHT specimen showed lower Lm value than as-heat treated speci

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Pao, Yi-Hsin, Scott Badgley, Ratan Govila, Linda Baumgartner, Richard Allor, and Ron Cooper. "Measurement of Mechanical Behavior of High Lead Lead-Tin Solder Joints Subjected to Thermal Cycling." Journal of Electronic Packaging 114, no. 2 (1992): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906410.

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Failures in electronic packages under thermal fatigue usually result from cracking in solder joints due to creep/fatigue crack growth. Understanding the stress/strain behavior of such solder joints is the first step in characterizing their fracture behavior. A specimen has been developed to determine the stress/strain hysteresis response of 90Pb/10Sn solder joints under cyclic thermal loadings. Simple and special techniques have been developed to fabricate solder joints with relatively high melting points, such as 90Pb/10Sn. Four high-temperature strain gages are mounted on the specimen to mea

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Hu and Yu. "Lightning Performance of Copper-Mesh Clad Composite Panels: Test and Simulation." Coatings 9, no. 11 (2019): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9110727.

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：According to simulation lightning experiments and eddy current analysis results, a three-dimensional finite element model of composite laminated plates with shield is established. By applying electric-thermal boundary and the coupling relationship between them, the lightning strike damage results under the protection of shield are realistically simulated with the commercial finite element analysis software, ABAQUS. Considering the coupling effect of heat, electricity, and force during lightning strike, the load distribution field of copper mesh and carbon fiber panel with lightning current in

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Meng, Song He, Hua Jin, Cheng Hai Xu, and Wei Hua Xie. "The Influential Factors Analysis of Surface Crack Propagation Behavior of ZrB₂-20%SiC-10%AlN Ceramic Subjected to Thermal Shock." Advanced Materials Research 486 (March 2012): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.486.166.

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The indentation-quench method for investigating surface crack propagation has been studied through both experiments and model. The influential factors for surface crack propagation such as specimen thickness, thermal fatigue property, and quench temperature difference (ΔT) and one single specimen being used throughout a whole test ΔTwere surveyed in this paper. Practical results were obtained for ZrB2-20%SiC-10%AlN (ZSA) ultra-high temperature ceramic. The percentage crack growth versus ΔTcurves showed stable crack growth in a relative low ΔTinterval and unstable crack growth above a certain Δ

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Xian, Cheng Ji, and Hideo Awaji. "Thermal Shock Test for Porous Ceramics Using Water Flow Cooling Method." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.35.

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Thermal shock test for porous SiC ceramics heated up to testing temperature was performed by a water flow cooling method. In order to find the influence of the penetration for the porous material under the thermal shock, transient temperature distribution was simulated with taking account of the infiltration of the cooling media into the specimen. Thermal stress distributions in the specimens were also calculated from the estimated temperature distributions. In this study, it was evident that the temperature variation of the porous ceramics was more rapid than that of the ceramics without taki

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