Artigos de revistas: "Thyroid peroxidase antibodies"

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Izquierdo, MD, Roberto. "Editorial: THYROID PEROXIDASE ANTIBODIES". Endocrine Practice 6, n.º 3 (maio de 2000): 278–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep.6.3.278.

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Balzer, K., J. Diener, K. Wegscheider, R. Vaupel, F. Grünwald e N. Döbert. "Thyroid sonomorphology, thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroid function". Nuklearmedizin 47, n.º 05 (2008): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3413/nukmed-0166.

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Summary Aim: Employees of Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH underwent thyroid screening in 2006 to assess new data about the prevalence of irregular sonomorphological pattern, elevated thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO AB) and thyroid function in an unselected adult German population. Participants, methods: The examination included 700 unselected employees. Blood samples were analyzed for serum TSH and TPO AB, and ultrasound of the thyroid was performed. Results: In 40.7% of the participants (n = 285) an irregular sonomorphological pattern was detected: goiter in 13.7%, nodules in 35.6%, nodular goiter in 8.6% and a hypoechogenic pattern of the thyroid gland in 20.4%. Serum TSH was increased in 3.9% and decreased in 0.6%. Elevated TPO AB values were observed in 13%. Only 1.4% (n= 10) showed elevated TPO AB combined with a TSH increase. Sonomorphological abnormalities were associated with increased TPO AB in 7.1%. Elevated TPO AB was observed significantly more often in combination with sonomorphological pathology (54.9%) than without (45.1%) (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Sonomorphological disorders are still very common in Germany and our results are comparable with previous screening examinations. Elevated TPO AB correlated significantly with the sonomorphological pattern of nodules and goiter. This may reflect an improved iodine supply or a hypertrophic stage of autoimmune thyroiditis in some cases.

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Bogner, Ulrich, Peter Kotulla, Harm Peters e Horst Schleusener. "Thyroid peroxidase/microsomal antibodies are not identical with thyroid cytotoxic antibodies in autoimmune thyroiditis". Acta Endocrinologica 123, n.º 4 (outubro de 1990): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1230431.

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Abstract. Cytotoxic activity in sera of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was measured with an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay. Cytotoxicity was determined in a 51chromium release assay using human thyroid cell targets incubated with heat-inactivated serum or IgG from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Effector cells were obtained from peripheral mononuclear cells of normal subjects. Cytotoxicity was significantly increased in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (median specific lysis 20.2%, range 2.1-58.8) compared with normals (median specific lysis 8.1%, range 0-19.5; p<0.00001). The amount of percent specific lysis did not correlate with the titres of microsomal antibodies determined by different methods: passive hemagglutination technique (r=0.2), enzyme immunoassay with microsomal antigen (r=0.16), and radioimmunoassay for thyroid peroxidase antibody (r=0.02). The cytotoxic activity was located in the IgG fraction, both in microsomal antibody positive and negative sera. After pre-incubation of microsomal antibody/thyroid peroxidase antibody positive or negative sera with purified thyroid peroxidase followed by analysis in the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay, cytotoxicity decreased in only 2 cases but was unchanged in the remaining sera. Western blot experiments with solubilized thyroid membranes and immunoblotting with cytotoxic-positive/microsomal antibody negative sera showed no binding to thyroid peroxidase. Our data suggest that cytotoxicity in sera from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis is not mediated by antibodies against thyroid peroxidase, but by antibodies not yet identified.

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Bech, Karine, Mimi Høier-Madsen, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, Bente Møller Jensen, Lars Mølsted-Pedersen e Claus Kühl. "Thyroid function and autoimmune manifestations in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus during and after pregnancy". Acta Endocrinologica 124, n.º 5 (maio de 1991): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1240534.

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Abstract. Insulin-dependent diabetes is associated with other autoimmune diseases and subclinical hypothyroidism has been reported in pregnant diabetic women. We studied the thyroid function of 85 women with diabetes during pregnancy and after delivery, as well as various autoantibodies. During pregnancy, thyroid microsomal antibodies were present in 17/85, antibodies against thyroid peroxidase in 16/85, thyroglobulin antibodies in 2/85, parietal cell antibodies in 23/85, adrenal antibodies in 4/77, rheumatoid factor in 15/85, and thyroid-stimulating antibodies in 43/85. Presence of antibodies was not combined with thyroid dysfunction, but TSH and HbA1c was increased (p<0.005) in women with thyroid antibodies. The gestational age of the infants was lower (p<0.01) in women with positive thyroid-stimulating antibody titre, whereas the ponderal index was only lower in those with peroxidase antibodies (p<0.05). After delivery, microsomal and peroxidase antibodies were positive in 10 (17.5%) of 57 patients followed. Six women developed postpartum thyroiditis (10.5%), of whom 5 were positive for both microsomal and peroxidase antibodies; two of those showing a hyperthyroid phase also had positive thyroid-stimulating antibody titre. We conclude that autoantibodies occur with increased incidence in pregnant diabetic women. Thyroid antibodies are related to a slightly reduced thyroid capacity and involve a high risk of postpartum thyroiditis. Further, thyroid antibodies seem to influence the nutritional status of the infant.

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Khan, Sara, Sibgha Bashir, Faghia Shahid, Ayesha Siddiqa, Muhammad Rizwan Hafeez e Sarmad Mehmood. "Comparison of the Frequency of Raised Level of Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody in the Patients of Hypothyroidism and the Euthyroids". NUST Journal of Natural Sciences 5, n.º 1 (29 de maio de 2021): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53992/njns.v5i1.31.

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The goal of this study was to compare the frequency of raised level of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody in patients of hypothyroidism and the euthyroids. This case-control study was carried out at the department of Pathology, Quaid e Azam Medical College/Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, from October 1, 2018 to Setember 30, 2019 and the subjects were selected by the non-probabilty consecutive sampling technique. The frequency of raised level of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody in patients of hypothyroidism and the euthyroids was compared. In the present study, the mean age of the patients with cases of hypothyroidism was 32 ± 10 years, and the mean age of controls was 32 ± 10 years. Raised anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were found in 20 (28.99%) cases and 5 (7.25%) controls. After applying a Chi-squared test, a statistically significant (P = .00) difference in the level of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies between the cases and controls was detected. The presence of raised anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies was also significantly associated with age and female gender. In conclusion the early screening of the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies specially in women above 30-years would notably affect the outcome of the disease with congruent disease management.he euthyroids was compared. In the present study, the mean age of the patients with cases of hypothyroidism was 32 ± 10 years, and the mean age of controls was 32 ± 10 years. Raised anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were found in 20 (28.99%) cases and 5 (7.25%) controls. After applying a Chi-squared test, a statistically significant (P = .00) difference in the level of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies between the cases and controls was detected. The presence of raised anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies was also significantly associated with age and female gender. In conclusion the early screening of the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies specially in women above 30-years would notably affect the outcome of the disease with congruent disease management.

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Yucel, Idris, Yasemin Kemal, Guzin Gonullu e Kubilay Ekiz. "Thyroid peroxidase antibodies in breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, n.º 15_suppl (20 de maio de 2014): e22211-e22211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.e22211.

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P., Jishna, M. P. Binitha, Abdul Latheef E. N. e V. P. Anilakumari. "Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in vitiligo patients". International Journal of Research in Dermatology 3, n.º 1 (23 de fevereiro de 2017): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20170803.

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Background: Vitiligo is associated with various autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disease. The objectives of the present study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in patients with vitiligo, and to compare the clinical profile of anti-thyroid peroxidase positive and anti-thyroid peroxidase negative patients.Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in 100 patients with vitiligo and 100 controls. After dermatologic and systemic evaluation, serum thyroid hormones and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody levels were measured in all the subjects.Results: Thyroid dysfunction was more common in the vitiligo group (27%) than in the controls. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone abnormalities were more common in the vitiligo group (27%) than in the controls (6%). The most common thyroid dysfunction was subclinical hypothyroidism. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity was higher in the vitiligo group (36%) when compared to the controls (24%), and the most common type of vitiligo was vitiligo vulgaris (18%) in this group. Thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase positivity were more common in women (58%) when compared to men (42%). There was a significantly higher prevalence of other autoimmune diseases in the vitiligo group (20%) compared to the controls (6%). Conclusions: This study shows a significant association between vitiligo and thyroid dysfunction, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and other autoimmune diseases. We recommend that thyroid evaluation and regular follow-up should be done in patients with vitiligo for prompt detection of thyroid dysfunction.

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Fadeyev, V. V., S. V. Lesnikova e G. A. Melnichenko. "Thyroid function in pregnant females carrying thyroid peroxidase antibodies". Problems of Endocrinology 49, n.º 5 (15 de outubro de 2003): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11734.

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То define risk factors for gestational hypothyroxinemia in females carrying thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO Ab) during pregnancy, a study was performed, which included 73 females at different periods of pregnancy in accordance with the following criteria: the lack of impaired dysfunction of the thyroid gland (TG) on primary examination; elevated TPO Ab levels (more than 100 mEU/l; no history of TG pathology. The control group comprised 128 pregnant females without TG pathology. Evaluation of TG function in females with TPO Ab who received and did not the physiological doses of iodine revealed that the function did not differ by the end of pregnancy. The odds ratio for hypothyroxinemia in pregnant females with more than 100 mEU/l of TPO Ab was 3.14. In a subgroup of females with TPO Ab and the enlarged TG in the second trimester, the level of fT4 was significantly lower and that of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly higher than those in the control group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that a relatively high level of TSH in early gestation was most significant in females with TPO Ab. It is concluded that it is expedient to consider whether preventive levothyroxine therapy is performed in females who carry TPO Ab with the enlarged TG and with TSH level that is relatively high (more than 2 mMe/l) for early pregnancy.

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Dr Minny Mary Mammen, Dr Simi Sam,. "Study of Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibodies in People with Normal Range Thyroid Stimulating Hormone". Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, n.º 02 (26 de fevereiro de 2017): 18119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i2.141.

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Feldt-Rasmussen, U., M. Høier-Madsen, J. Date e M. Blichert-Toft. "Evidence for acute release of thyroid peroxidase during subtotal thyroidectomy". Acta Endocrinologica 124, n.º 6 (junho de 1991): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1240661.

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Abstract. An immediate reduction of thyroglobulin autoantibodies during subtotal thyroidectomy of thyroglobulin antibody positive patients has previously been shown to indicate an acute release of thyroglobulin into the circulation peroperatively. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether thyroid peroxidase was also released by measuring anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies by a quantitative and antigen specific method both per- and postoperatively in patients positive for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Twelve anti-thyroid peroxidase positive patients (11 females, 1 male) referred for surgery of toxic goitre were studied. Median age was 43 years (range 24-64) and median goitre size 86 g (25-165). All patients had been pretreated with antithyroid drugs and were euthyroid at the time of operation. Anti-thyroid peroxidase was measured before operation, 1-8 h, 10 days, 1-3 months, and 12 months postoperatively by a commercial method (DYNO-test®, Henning, Berlin). The median anti-thyroid peroxidase level before operation was 1048 kU/l (range 68-10 517 kU/l) and fell during operation to 0.63 (range 0.37-1.28) (p<0.01) of initial concentration without further decrease during the next 1-8 h. The comparative decrease in thyroglobulin antibodies was 0.19 (0-0.88). The anti-thyroid peroxidase level was increasing after 10 days, but did not reach initial level until between 3 and 12 months after surgery. However, in 3 of 10 patients anti-thyroid peroxidase had disappeared after 12 months, all of whom had low levels before operation, whereas anti-thyroid peroxidase was 2-4 times higher than preoperatively in 3 other patients. The present study thus gives evidence for an acute release of thyroid peroxidase into the circulation during thyroid surgery able to decrease anti-thyroid peroxidase activity almost to the same degree as the Tg-induced decrease in Tg-ab.

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Li, Fang, Gulibositan Aji, Yun Wang, Zhiqiang Lu e Yan Ling. "Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody is Associated with Plasma Homocysteine Levels in Patients with Graves’ Disease". Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 128, n.º 01 (2 de julho de 2018): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0643-4692.

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Abstract Purpose Homocysteine is associated with cardiovascular, inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Previous studies have shown that thyroid peroxidase antibody is associated with homocysteine levels in hypothyroidism. The relationship between thyroid antibodies and homocysteine in hyperthyroidism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of thyroid antibodies with homocysteine in patients with Graves’ disease. Methods This was a cross-sectional study including 478 Graves’ disease patients who were consecutively admitted and underwent radioiodine therapy. Homocysteine, thyroid hormones, thyroid antibodies, glucose and lipids were measured. Results Patients with homocysteine levels above the median were older and had unfavorable metabolic parameters compared to patients with homocysteine levels below the median. Thyroglobulin antibody or thyroid peroxidase antibody was associated with homocysteine levels (β=0.56, 95%CI 0.03-1.08, p=0.04; β=0.75, 95%CI 0.23-1.27, p=0.005). The relationship between thyroid peroxidase antibody and homocysteine remained significant when additionally adjusting for free triiodothyronine (β=0.76, 95%CI 0.24-1.28, p=0.004). The presence of a homocysteine level above the median increased significantly with increasing thyroid peroxidase antibody quartiles in the logistic regression (OR=1.74, 95%CI 1.27-2.39, P for trend=0.001). Homocysteine levels increased significantly with increasing thyroid peroxidase antibody quartiles (p=0.005). Thyroid peroxidase antibody had no significant effect on other traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions Thyroid peroxidase antibody is independently and positively associated with homocysteine levels in patients with Graves’ disease. Thyroid peroxidase antibody may be associated with the cardiovascular risk of patients with Graves’ disease through its effect on homocysteine.

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Wadeleux, P., J. Winand-Devigne, J. Ruf, P. Carayon e R. Winand. "Cytotoxic Assay of Circulating Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies". Autoimmunity 4, n.º 4 (janeiro de 1989): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08916938909014701.

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Nanda, Rachita, Suprava Patel, Prasant Kumar Nayak, Eli Mohapatra e Sarita Agrawal. "Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies as a Marker of Iodine Status in Healthy Euthyroid Women in First Trimester of Pregnancy Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital in Raipur, India". Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, n.º 25 (21 de junho de 2021): 1857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/384.

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BACKGROUND The importance of adequate iodine status in pregnancy is undoubted as its deficiency is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes for the mother as well as the foetus and neonate. Although median urine iodine concentration can assess iodine status of the population but not at an individual level. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of iodine and identify its effects on thyroid function during the first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS The study was carried out on 341 euthyroid healthy pregnant women using urine iodine concentration and other parameters of thyroid panel at a tertiary care hospital. RESULTS Median (interquartile range) urine iodine concentration and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were 227.37 (161.7, 343.86) μg / L and 1.8 (1.1, 2.7) mIU / L respectively and Mean ± SD of free thyroxine and thyroid peroxidase antibodies were 14.53 ± 2.02 pmol / L and 38.23 ± 9.29 kIU / L respectively. Only thyroid peroxidase antibodies showed significant difference across groups with different iodine status. A positive correlation of urine iodine concentration (UIC) with thyroid peroxidase antibodies was observed (r = 0.137, P = 0.011). Multiple regression analysis revealed that thyroid peroxidase antibodies can serve as an independent predictor of iodine status in the presence of normal levels of TSH and FT4 (t - 3.063, CI; 0.880, 4.038, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Thyroid peroxidase antibodies progressed positively with increase in urine iodine concentration indicating its role as a marker of iodine nutritional status and for early identification of women who can develop autoimmune thyroiditis resulting in hypothyroidism even prior to elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone levels. KEY WORDS Anti-TPO Ab, Free Thyroxine, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Urine Iodine Concentration

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Okamoto, Yasuyuki, Noboru Hamada, Toshimichi Fujisawa, Jaeduk Noh, Junichi Yamakawa, Mariko Ohno, Kunihiko Ito e Hirotoshi Morii. "Why no simple relationship between thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins and thyroid function in autoimmune thyroid disease?" Acta Endocrinologica 124, n.º 4 (abril de 1991): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1240442.

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Abstract. We have reported that some anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies inhibit the activity of thyroid peroxidase in vitro. These thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins seem to inhibit thyroid function in some patients, but the relationship between thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins and thyroid function is not simple. We designed this study to explore this lack of a simple relationship. We stained immunoglobulin G deposits by immunofluorescence staining or the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, and stained endogenous thyroid peroxidase activity by enzyme histochemistry in thyroid sections. When cryostat thyroid sections were incubated with thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin G deposits were seen as lines of stain on the apical border and as intracellular staining, and endogenous thyroid peroxidase activity was inhibited. In paraffin-embedded thyroid sections from 5 Hashimoto's patients and 6 Graves' patients, immunoglobulin G deposits were not found on the apical border of the follicular epithelium. In frozen thyroid sections from 22 Graves' patients, no clear deposits of immunoglobulin G on this apical border were seen. In organ-cultured thyroid slices incubated with thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins, endogenous thyroid peroxidase activity was not inhibited. In conclusion, thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins may reach its antigen only with difficulty. This is one of the reasons why no simple relationship is observed between thyroid peroxidase activity-inhibiting immunoglobulins and thyroid function.

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Prentice, Louise M., David I. W. Phillips, Deborah Sarsero, Karen Beever, Sandra M. McLachlan e Bernard Rees Smith. "Geographical distribution of subclinical autoimmune thyroid disease in Britain: A study using highly sensitive direct assays for autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase". Acta Endocrinologica 123, n.º 5 (novembro de 1990): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1230493.

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Abstract. In order to determine whether the geographical distribution of autoimmune thyroid disease in Britain is influenced by the pattern of iodine intake, the prevalence of subclinical disease (detectable antithyroid antibodies in biochemically euthyroid individuals) has been measured in female blood donors from seven towns in England and Wales previously characterised in terms of past and present iodine intake. Thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibody were measured by highly sensitive assays which are based on the direct interaction between antibody and radiolabelled antigen. Excluding cases of overt thyroid disease (biochemically hypo- or hyperthyroid with thyroid antibodies), the overall prevalences of the antibodies in sera from the 698 female blood donors were 17.8% for thyroglobulin antibody and 17.8% for thyroid peroxidase antibody. Both antibodies were found in 12.3% of the female blood donors. In contrast, the prevalences of thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibody were 41 and 43%, respectively, in the 117 female relatives of 18 probands with autoimmune thyroid disease, but the highest prevalences were observed in groups of women patients with Graves' disease (N = 39) or Hashimoto's disease (N = 39) (51, and 97% for thyroglobulin antibody, respectively, and 72 and 97% for thyroid peroxidase antibody, respectively). Antibody prevalence increased with age in the female blood donors rising from 10.6% at age 18-24 to 30.3% at age 55-64 for thyroglobulin antibody and from 14.9% at age 18-24 to 24.2% at age 55-64 for thyroid peroxidase antibody. Geographical differences in the prevalences of both antibodies were not significant and did not correlate with either the previous goitre prevalence or with current differences in iodine intake. Consequently, it seems unlikely that environmental factors play a major role in the development of subclinical autoimmune thyroid disease in the geographical areas studied.

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Feldt-Rasmussen, U., M. Høier-Madsen, K. Bech, M. Blichert-Toft, H. Bliddal, J. Date, B. Danneskiold-samsøe et al. "Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies in Thyroid Disorders and Non-Thyroid Autoimmune Diseases". Autoimmunity 9, n.º 3 (janeiro de 1991): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08916939109007650.

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Das, Manish Kumar, e Meenakshi Basnet. "Cytological Evaluation of Thyroid and its Correlation with Thyroid Function Test and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase in a Patient of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis". Journal of Nobel Medical College 8, n.º 2 (22 de dezembro de 2019): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v8i2.26791.

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Background: A thyroid swelling is an enlargement of thyroid glands causes by iodine deficiency, ageing, autoimmune disease and benign or malignant tumors. Autoimmune thyroiditis is the second most common thyroid lesion diagnosed after goiter. Materials and Methods: To find out the distribution of thyroid gland swelling in patients visiting otorhinolaryngology department of Nobel medical college and correlate serum thyroid function test and anti-thyroid peroxidase level with fine needle aspiration cytology reports. Results: The mean age of patient with thyroid gland lesions was 40.47 ± 13.05 years. Out of 87 patients studied, the highest number of patients (37, 42.5%) was diagnosed with colloid goiter followed by autoimmune thyroiditis (29, 33.3%). The mean age of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis was found to be 38.66 ± 12.31 years. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies for diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis was 89.7% and 94.8% respectively. Conclusion: Autoimmune thyroiditis has statistical correlation with serum anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and it can be effectively used as an alternative tool in diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis with acceptable diagnostic accuracy.

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Tuladhar, Eans Tara, Sujina Manandhar, Mithileshwor Raut, Aseem Bhattarai, Vijay Kumar Sharma e Binod Kumar Yadav. "Serum anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody in infertile Nepalese women: a hospital-based study". Journal of Pathology of Nepal 10, n.º 2 (30 de setembro de 2020): 1742–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v10i2.27267.

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Background: Infertility is a critical component of reproductive health that can precipitate agony for a couple. Antibodies against thyroid peroxidase can lead to not only autoimmune thyroiditis which is highly prevalent in women, but may also represent a generalized autoimmune milieu in our body that can be associated with infertility. This study aims to assess anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in female patients with infertility. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital over three months (November 2018 to January 2019). All women undergoing work up at the infertility clinic with reported normal thyroid function and otherwise normal levels of reproductive hormones were recruited for this study. Anti-thyroid peroxidase levels were estimated in their serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Of the eighty-seven females that were selected for the study, 54 were infertile females, 16 were pregnant women in their first trimester and 17 were non-pregnant females in their reproductive age. Four positive cases of anti-thyroid peroxidase were detected among infertile females (7.4% within the group), 2 amid non-pregnant females (11.76% within-group) while no positive cases were detected within the pregnant group. However, the occurrence was not statistically significant (p=0.4). The pregnant group showed higher mean anti-thyroid peroxidase levels compared to both infertile and non-pregnant females though statistical significance could not be established (p=0.066). Conclusions: Functional autoimmune antibodies, like anti-thyroid peroxidase levels, do not have a significant primary association with infertility.

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McIntosh, Richard S., M. Suhail Asghar e Anthony P. Weetman. "The Antibody Response in Human Autoimmune Thyroid Disease". Clinical Science 92, n.º 6 (1 de junho de 1997): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0920529.

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1. The analysis of the antibody response in autoimmune thyroid disease has followed several historical trends. It was the investigation of thyroid-reactive antibody that allowed the initial characterization of the three principle thyroid autoantigens, thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase and the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor. 2. Analysis can be grouped under two broad areas: analysis of the physiological and pathological effects of the antibody, and analysis of the structure of the antibodies themselves. This review will focus on the latter. 3. Within recent years there has been a great increase in knowledge of thyroid-reactive antibody structure, principally through the adoption of phage display combinatorial library methodologies. While this latter technique has established some general principles for antibodies to thyroglobin and especially thyroid peroxidase, there is still a substantial gap in our knowledge of the antibody response to the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor. 4. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies have a relatively restricted V-region usage, and there is a correlation between the V-regions used and the epitope on thyroid peroxidase bound. In particular the Vκ light chain, Vκl(O12), is associated with reactivity to one epitope. 5. The purpose of this review is to bring together the latest results concerning the molecular analysis of the antibody response in autoimmune thyroid disease, to highlight areas of ignorance and conflict, and to discuss the methods adopted to circumvent the problems associated with analysis of the antibody response.

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Bogner, Ulrich, Laszlo Hegedüs, Jens Molholm Hansen, Reinhard Finke e Horst Schleusener. "Thyroid cytotoxic antibodies in atrophic and goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis". European Journal of Endocrinology 132, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1995): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1320069.

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Bogner U, Hegedüs L, Hansen JM, Finke R, Schleusener H. Thyroid cytotoxic antibodies in atrophic and goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:69–74. ISSN 0804–4643 It is unknown whether in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis the goitrous (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) and atrophic forms (primary myxedema) are variants of the same disease or different pathogenic entities. Conventional thyroid-related autoimmune parameters are unable to separate both diseases serologically. It is assumed that cellular and humoral cytotoxic events induce gland atrophy and thus should be detectable more often in non-goitrous than goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. We determined antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in 67 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, using a 51chromium-release assay against human thyroid cells. Thyroid volume had been measured by ultrasonography. Other thyroid-specific antibodies, like TSH binding-inhibiting antibodies, TSH function-blocking antibodies, thyroglobulin antibodies and thyroid peroxidase antibodies, were determined. Cytotoxic antibody activity was 20.5% (median, range 0–54.5%) in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and 8.3% (median, range 0–18.4%) in controls (p < 0.0001). Analysis of cytotoxicity regarding thyroid size showed a high incidence of cytotoxic antibodies in atrophic disease (median thyroid volume 6 ml), where cytotoxic antibodies were detectable in 80% versus 39% (x2 = 9.6; p < 0.0001) in goitrous disease (median thyroid volume 36 ml). The specific lysis of 30% (median; 95% confidence limit 23.9–32.9) in non-goitrous thyroiditis patients was significantly higher than in goitrous patients (16.9%; 95% confidence limit 13.2–20.4) (p = 0.0006). Prevalence of thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibodies were equally distributed in both groups, with slightly higher levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies in goitrous thyroiditis (p < 0.05). Both TSH binding-inhibiting and TSH function-blocking antibodies were rarely positive in either atrophic or goitrous disease. Our study shows for the first time a striking association of thyroid cytotoxic antibodies with the atrophic variant of autoimmune thyroiditis. We suggest that the occurrence of cytotoxic antibodies in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is the decisive event that favors the development of the atrophic rather than goitrous form of the disease. Ulrich Bogner, Thyroid Research Unit, Freie Universität Berlin, Kurfürstenstr. 126, 10785 Berlin, Germany

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Baldari, M., M. Guarrera e A. Rebora. "Thyroid peroxidase antibodies in patients with telogen effluvium". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 24, n.º 8 (25 de fevereiro de 2010): 980–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03589.x.

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Vakeva, A., S. Kontiainen, A. Miettinen, A. Schlenzka e J. Maenpaa. "Thyroid peroxidase antibodies in children with autoimmune thyroiditis." Journal of Clinical Pathology 45, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 1992): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.45.2.106.

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Abbassi-Ghanavati, Mina, Brian M. Casey, Catherine Y. Spong, Donald D. McIntire, Lisa M. Halvorson e F. Gary Cunningham. "Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies". Obstetrics & Gynecology 116, n.º 2, Part 1 (agosto de 2010): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0b013e3181e904e5.

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Männistö, Tuija, Marja Vääräsmäki e Eila Suvanto. "Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies". Obstetrics & Gynecology 117, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2011): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0b013e3182040b53.

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Casey, Brian M., e F. Gary Cunningham. "Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies". Obstetrics & Gynecology 117, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2011): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0b013e3182045955.

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Yaglova, N. V., e V. V. Yaglov. "The effect of long-term exposure to low doses of endocrine disruptor ddt on serum levels of thyroid protein autoantigenes and antithyroid autoantibodies". Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 62, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2016): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20166201073.

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Changes in secretion of thyroid autoantigenes and production of antithyroid autoantibodies after long-term exposure to low doses of DDT were studied. Changes in serum levels of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroid peroxidase, attributed to disruption of thyroxine production by DDT were found. Long-term exposure of rats to low doses of DDT revealed no specific impact on serum autoantibodies to all thyroid autoantigenes studied. The increase of the ratio of autoantibody/autoantigen for thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin was rather small and thus could not be considered as a significant symptom of thyroid autoimmunity.

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Raposo, Luís, Sandra Martins, Daniela Ferreira, João Tiago Guimarães e Ana Cristina Santos. "Metabolic Syndrome, Thyroid Function and Autoimmunity - The PORMETS Study". Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 19, n.º 1 (3 de janeiro de 2019): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530318666180801125258.

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Background:The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in the Portuguese population has not yet been estimated. However, the national prevalence of the metabolic syndrome remains high. The association of thyroid pathology with cardiovascular risk has been addressed but is still unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity and to assess the associations of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones and antibodies with metabolic syndrome, its components, and other possible determinants in a national sample.Material and Methods:The present study included a subsample of 486 randomly selected participants from a nationwide cross-sectional study sample of 4095 adults. A structured questionnaire was administered on past medical history and socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were collected, and the serum lipid profile, glucose, insulin, hs- CRP, TSH, FT4, FT3 and thyroid antibodies were measured.Results:In our sample, the prevalence of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and undiagnosed dysfunction was 4.9%, 2.5% and 72.2%, respectively. Overall, the prevalence of positivity for the thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies was 11.9% and 15.0%, respectively. A positive association was found between free triiodothyronine and metabolic syndrome (OR: 2.019; 95% CI: 1.196, 3.410). Additionally, thyroid peroxidase antibodies had a negative association with metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.465; 95% CI: 0.236, 0.917) and its triglyceride component (OR: 0.321; 95% CI: 0.124, 0.836).Conclusion:The prevalence of undiagnosed thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity was high. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies were negatively associated with metabolic syndrome and its triglyceride component, whereas the free triiodothyronine level was positively associated with metabolic syndrome.

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Volkova, A. R., O. D. Dygun, O. V. Galkina, L. A. Belyakova e E. O. Bogdanova. "The role of subclinical hypothyroidism in lipid metabolism disorders". Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 21, n.º 2 (15 de dezembro de 2019): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma25936.

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Subclinical hypothyroidism is common in general practice. The clinical significance of latent thyroid dysfunction has not yet been determined. The parameters of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress were studied in patients suffering from subclinical hypothyroidism between the ages of 18 and 50 years. They had a level of thyroid stimulating hormone ≥4 mIU/l, the level of free thyroxine was normal. The control group consisted of healthy individuals with thyroid-stimulating hormone level of 0,4-2,4 mIU/l. Thyroid status, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, lipid profile, malondialdehyde-modified low-density oxidized lipoproteins, antibodies to low-density oxidized lipoproteins, homocysteine were determined for all individuals. With the repeated determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone in 16,8% patients spontaneous recovery of thyroid-stimulating blood hormone level was observed, which was associated with lower values of thyroid-stimulating hormone and the absence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies. In the group of patients with thyroid stimulating hormone levels ≥7 mIU/l, the total cholesterol level was significantly (p=0,02) higher than in the control group. In patients with elevated values of malondialdehyde-modified oxidized low-density lipoprotein, thyroid stimulating hormone level of ≥7 mIU/l was more frequently detected. A negative correlation was found between the level of IgG antibodies to low-density oxidized lipoproteins and the concentration of free thyroxin. In the control group, the correlation was found between the concentration of IgG antibodies to low-density oxidized lipoproteins and the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone. In the group of subclinical hypothyroidism, the concentration of homocysteine was significantly (p=0,01) higher in men. In patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, more often hyperhomocysteinemia was detected compared with the control group. The results suggest that subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with initial changes in the metabolism of lipids and homocysteine.

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Dash, R., A. Mohapatra e B. S. Manjunathswamy. "Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody in Vitiligo: A Prevalence Study". Journal of Thyroid Research 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/192736.

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Aim.The aim of the study was to study the relation of vitiligo with demographic data like age, sex, and duration and determine the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in vitiligo patients.Materials and Methods.This study was a cross sectional study consisting of 100 patients clinically diagnosed (old and new) as having vitiligo irrespective of age or sex. Patients with known thyroid disease on supplementation therapy, or who had undergone thyroid surgery, those on antithyroid medication, patients with other causes of leukoderma, and cases who do not provide informed consent were excluded from the study. Serum TSH and anti-TPO antibodies were measured in all the patients.Results.The prevalence of anti-TPO antibody positivity was found to be 28%.Conclusion.According to our study, none of our vitiligo patients had symptoms or signs of thyroid disease at the time of presentation but, on biochemical evaluation, anti-TPO antibodies were found in a considerable number of patients. Hence, we recommend screening of these patients with thyroid antibodies.

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Manish Jantikar, Ashwini. "A study on relationship between thyroid peroxidase antibodies (Anti-TPO antibodies) and thyroid dysfunction patients". International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research 7, n.º 2 (15 de junho de 2020): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2020.051.

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Khadka Shrestha, Srijana, Kavita Karmacharya, Mimi Giri, Manil Raj Bajracharya e Sandeep Jha. "Relationship of thyroid peroxidase antibody test with abnormal thyroid function tests". Journal of Pathology of Nepal 7, n.º 2 (1 de setembro de 2017): 1172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v7i2.18001.

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Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease results from a complex interaction between genetic and enviromental factors. The aim of this study was to find association of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody with abnormal thyroid function tests. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study, conducted in 160 patients who showed abnormal thyroid function tests in grande city clinic and hospital services and Kantipur dental college for duration of 18 months since Baisakh 2072.Results: Among 160 individuals , 126(78.8%) were female and 34(21.2%) were male. Subclinical hypothyroidism (56.3%) were most common than overthyperthyroidism (18.0%), overthypothyroidism (16.9%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (8.8%). Anti thyroid peroxidase antibodies test was shown positive in 102/160 (63.8% ) cases.Conclusion: According to the present study, anti- thyroid peroxidase antibody has been significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction, it can be used as diagnostic marker for thyroid autoimmune diathesis.

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Nahar, Nishat Un, Zeba Un Naher, Md Ashanul Habib e Forhadul Hoque Mollah. "Assessment of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody And Thyroid Stimulating Hormone In First Trimester Of Pregnancy". Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 12, n.º 2 (13 de maio de 2013): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14945.

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Introduction: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse outcomes, like preterm birth, placental abruption, foetal death and impaired neurological development in the child. Simultaneously the presence of antibody to thyroid peroxidase results miscarriage, preterm birth and maternal post partum thyroid disease. Post partum thyroiditis is closely associated with the presence of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO). Indeed if a pregnant woman is positive for TPO antibodies early in pregnancy, her chances of developing post partum thyroiditis is 30-52%. Objective: To find out the level of TPO-Ab and thyroid status in first trimester of pregnancy. Method: The cross sectional study was designed in Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU, Dhaka. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria 200 sample was selected by purposive and convenient sampling. The study parameters were- thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab); serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); serum free thyroxin (FT4). Results: 43 (21.5%) pregnant women of first trimester was found to be TPO-Ab positive, among these 43 subjects 16 (8.0%) had raised TSH i.e. >2.5 mIU/L and 27 had TSH level <2.5 mIU/L. Low serum FT4 was in 9 (4.5%) subjects. The study revealed that, there was a significant positive correlation between positive TPO-Ab (>12 IU/mL) and serum TSH level of study subjects and there was negative correlation between serum TSH (>2.5 mIU/L) and serum FT4 in study subjects. Conclusion: TPO-Ab positivity in first trimester of pregnancy and TPOAb positivity was associated with higher TSH and low FT4 level. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April13 Page 164-170 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14945

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Rayman, Margaret P. "Multiple nutritional factors and thyroid disease, with particular reference to autoimmune thyroid disease". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 78, n.º 1 (13 de setembro de 2018): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665118001192.

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Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD) are examples of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), the commonest autoimmune condition. Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the enzyme that catalyses thyroid-hormone production and antibodies to the receptor for the thyroid-stimulating hormone, are characteristic of HT and GD, respectively. It is presently accepted that genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, including nutritional factors and immune disorders contribute to the development of AITD. Aiming to investigate the effect of iodine, iron and selenium in the risk, pathogenesis and treatment of thyroid disease, PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant publications to provide a narrative review.Iodine: chronic exposure to excess iodine intake induces autoimmune thyroiditis, partly because highly-iodinated thyroglobulin (Tg) is more immunogenic. The recent introduction of universal salt iodisation can have a similar, although transient, effect.Iron: iron deficiency impairs thyroid metabolism. TPO is a haem enzyme that becomes active only after binding haem. AITD patients are frequently iron-deficient since autoimmune gastritis, which reduces iron absorption and coeliac disease which causes iron loss, are frequent co-morbidities. In two-thirds of women with persistent symptoms of hypothyroidism despite appropriate levothyroxine therapy, restoration of serum ferritin above 100 µg/l ameliorated symptoms.Selenium: selenoproteins are essential to thyroid action. In particular, the glutathione peroxidases remove excessive hydrogen peroxide produced there for the iodination of Tg to form thyroid hormones. There is evidence from observational studies and randomised controlled trials that selenium, probably as selenoproteins, can reduce TPO-antibody concentration, hypothyroidism and postpartum thyroiditis. Appropriate status of iodine, iron and selenium is crucial to thyroid health.

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Gorenko, I. N. "THYROID ANTIBODIES LEVELS IN EUTHYROID MEN AND WOMEN - RESIDENTS OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION". Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 64, n.º 9 (15 de setembro de 2019): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-9-541-545.

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The aim of the study was to determine the levels of thyroid antibodies and their relationship with thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin in euthyroid men and women, residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. A total of 208 apparently healthy people were enrolled in this study and classified into two groups depending on gender and level of autoantibodies in the blood. Serum hormones of the pituitary-thyroid system, thyroglobulin and antibodies concentration was measured by enzyme immunoassay. The prevalence of positive antibodies among various examined groups was determined and the characteristics of euthyroid subjects with abnormal thyroid antibodies levels were studied. Circulating positive thyroid antibodies were found in 20% of the surveyed residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The median serum antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (AntiTPO) or thyroglobulin (AntiTG) levels and the percentage of people in general population with positive antibodies (i.e. AntiTPO ≥ 50 IU / ml and / or AntiTG ≥ 100 IU / ml) were statistically significant higher in women than in men, p < 0.01. Such thyroid antibodies levels were associated with a higher thyroid gland functional activity in women, which was demonstrated by significantly higher thyroxin level and lower thyroglobulin value in the peripheral blood. Part of women positive for AntiTPO increased with age from 18 to 33% (in groups aged 18-44 and 45-59 years, p = 0.04). The findings of the study reveal correlation between thyroid function test and thyroid antibodies levels, elaborating the clinical importance of thyroid antibodies in clinical examination and follow-up of patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders.

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Likhvantseva, V. G., M. S. Afanasyev, E. A. Rudenko, С. С. Afanasyev, E. V. Korosteleva, S. V. Budanova e V. A. Vygodin. "CARRIAGE OF THYROID ANTIBODIES AS A RISK FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY". I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 25, n.º 2 (25 de setembro de 2017): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj20172270-278.

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The influence of the carrier of thyroid autoantibodies (to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, to thyroglobulin, to thyroid peroxidase) on the clinical course of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP), developed on the background of diffuse toxic goiter (139 patients). We studied the role of carrier of monoantibodies and their combinations. It has been proven a direct link between the presence of the analyzed thyroid autoantibodies and the clinical course of EOP. It is shown that the presence of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies is not a lesser important risk factor for the development of EOP in patients with diffuse toxic goiter than the presence of antibodies to the receptor for thyroid-stimulating hormone, and the multiple carriers is associated with more frequent development of active forms of EOP and higher amplitude of inflammation of the orbit. Thus, serological indices and spectrum of thyroid antibodies revealed the depth of systemic disorders of autoimmunity, associated with an increased risk of the development of local autoimmune inflammation in the orbit and can serve as prognostic risk markers of development of highly active and severe forms of EOP.

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Li, Chuyu, Jing Zhou, Zengshu Huang, Xinyao Pan, Wingting Leung, Lijia Chen, Yanzhi Zhang et al. "The Clinical Value and Variation of Antithyroid Antibodies during Pregnancy". Disease Markers 2020 (21 de outubro de 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8871951.

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Antithyroid antibodies, which include thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAbs), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs), and thyroid globulin antibodies (TgAbs), are widely known for their tight association with thyroid autoimmune diseases. The variation in all three kinds of antibodies also showed different trends during and after pregnancy (Weetman, 2010). This article reviewed the the physiological changes, while focusing on the variation of thyroid antibodies concentration in women during and after pregnancy, and adverse consequences related to their elevation. Since abnormal elevations of these antithyroid antibodies may lead to adverse outcomes in both mothers and fetuses, special attention must be paid to the titer of the antibodies during pregnancy. The molecular mechanisms of the variations in those antibodies have yet to be explained. The frequency and timing of thyroid antibody measurement, as well as different reference levels, also remain to be elucidated.

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Tozzoli, Renato, Davide Giavarina, Danilo Villalta, Giuliano Soffiati e Nicola Bizzaro. "Definition of Reference Limits for Autoantibodies to Thyroid Peroxidase and Thyroglobulin in a Large Population of Outpatients Using an Indirect Method Based on Current Data". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 132, n.º 12 (1 de dezembro de 2008): 1924–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/132.12.1924.

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Abstract Context.—The reference limits for thyroid antibodies are generally made by measuring thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibody values in a group of healthy subjects (direct method), as proposed by the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry. Objective.—To define the upper reference limits of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin, by using an indirect method to analyze data from a large number of outpatients that were stored in the information system of a general hospital laboratory. Design.—Thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin values from 21 492 patients, who had undergone antithyroid antibody measurements, were retrieved from the laboratory information system; the upper reference limits (in the top 97.5 percentile) were calculated using the indirect Kairisto method, after exclusion of outliers. Results.—The mean upper reference limits for females and males were 15 kIU/L and 9 kIU/L for thyroid peroxidase, and 21 kIU/L and 19 kIU/L for thyroglobulin, respectively. The upper limits showed minimal or no differences in the different age classes in either females or males. Conclusions.—Using a vast population of patients, we demonstrated that the upper limits for thyroid antibodies are much lower than the values obtained with classic, direct methods and that they do not vary in relation to age and sex.

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Kandi, Sabitha, e Pragna Rao. "Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies: Its effect on thyroid gland and breast tissue". Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 5, n.º 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1755-6783.92870.

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Chan, Derrick W. S., C. C. Tchoyoson Lim, Stacey K. H. Tay, Chew-Thye Choong e Huan Kee Phuah. "Elevated Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies with Encephalopathy in MELAS Syndrome". Pediatric Neurology 36, n.º 6 (junho de 2007): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.02.005.

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Dhillon-Smith, Rima K., Lee J. Middleton, Kirandeep K. Sunner, Versha Cheed, Krys Baker, Samantha Farrell-Carver, Ruth Bender-Atik et al. "Levothyroxine in Women with Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies before Conception". New England Journal of Medicine 380, n.º 14 (4 de abril de 2019): 1316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1812537.

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Mitchell, Marvin L., Rosalie J. Hermos e Cecilia A. Larson. "Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies in Dried Blood Specimens of Newborns". Thyroid 12, n.º 7 (julho de 2002): 609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/105072502320288474.

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Eskes, Silvia A., Erik Endert, Eric Fliers, Erwin Birnie, Birgit Hollenbach, Lutz Schomburg, Josef Köhrle e Wilmar M. Wiersinga. "Selenite supplementation in euthyroid subjects with thyroid peroxidase antibodies". Clinical Endocrinology 80, n.º 3 (31 de julho de 2013): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cen.12284.

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Harchali, A. A., P. Montagne, J. Ruf, M. L. Cuillière, M. C. Bene, G. Faure e J. Duheille. "Microparticle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay of anti-thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies in thyroid disorders". Clinical Chemistry 40, n.º 3 (1 de março de 1994): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.3.442.

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Abstract Crude thyroid peroxidase extracted from human thyroid microsomes was covalently bound onto polyacrylic and polyfunctional copolymerized microparticles. We observed agglutination of the thyroid peroxidase-microparticle conjugate with 13 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for epitopes on four different antigenic domains of human thyroid peroxidase (TPO; EC 1.11.1.7), after addition of anti-mouse immunoglobulins. We quantified agglutination by measuring with a specially designed nephelometer the light scattered by the conjugates. This allowed us to develop a microparticle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay for human anti-TPO autoantibodies (aAbs) with defined epitopic specificity, based on the ability of aAbs to inhibit mAb-induced agglutination. Applied to patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases, this assay confirmed the polyclonality of anti-TPO aAbs and their preferential reactivity toward epitopes located on the A and B antigenic domains of the TPO molecule. The same specificities seem to be present in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis or Graves disease.

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Włochal, Małgorzata, Marcin A. Kucharski e Marian Grzymisławski. "The effects of vitamins and trace minerals on chronic autoimmune thyroiditis". Journal of Medical Science 83, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2014): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20883/medical.e63.

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Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is one of the most frequent types of inflammation of the thyroid gland. The prevalence of the overt HT is about 2% but it is believed that Hashimoto thyroiditis is more frequent than expected. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is characterized by dysfunction of the immune system, which leads to impaired tolerance of own tissues and increased production of autoantibodies against the thyroid cells. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-Tg) and/or TSH receptors antibodies are the principal markers of the disease. The essential element of the treatment of HT is the supplementation of L-thyroxine. In Hashimoto’s disease, like in many other autoimmune diseases, researchers attempted to support pharmacological treatment by adequate nutrition. The aim of this paper was to review the existing literature on the levels of antioxidants (vitamin A, C, E, selenium, zinc) and vitamin D in patients with HT, as well as the influence of the nutritional supplementation of the above mentioned elements on the metabolism of the thyroid gland hormones and the level of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies.

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Aleksic, Zeljka, e Aleksandar Aleksic. "Incidence of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction and predictive factors for their occurrence". Medical review 64, n.º 11-12 (2011): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1112533a.

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Amiodarone treatment is associated with the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction. The aim was to determine the incidence of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunctions and the influence of gender, age, treatment duration, goiter, thyroid antibodies, thyroid echogenicity and family history on their appearance. Of 248 consecutive patients, 144 males and 104 females, referred to thyroid status screening, 16% were with clinical dysfunction, 21% with sub-clinical dysfunction and 63% were euthyroid. The presence of goiter and thyroid peroxidase antibodies were the significant individual predictive factors for the occurrence of clinical dysfunction, and in the multivariate regression model, the presence of goiter was a significant predictive factor with the prognostic value of 80%. For sub-clinical dysfunction, the significant individual predictive factors were female gender and the presence of goiter, as well as in the multivariate regression model, with the prognostic value of 74.5% for female gender and 77.5 % for the presence of goiter. It is necessary to check the thyroid status both before and during amiodarone treatment. Administration of other anti-arrhythmic drugs and/or more frequent check-ups of the thyroid status should be taken into consideration in patients at higher risk, i.e. women with positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies and goiter.

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Krysiak, Robert, Witold Szkróbka e Bogusław Okopień. "The Effect of Hypolipidemic Agents on Thyroid Autoimmunity in Women with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Treated with Levothyroxine and Selenomethionine". Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 126, n.º 05 (8 de novembro de 2017): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-120342.

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Abstract Background Levothyroxine and selenomethionine were found to reduce thyroid antibody titers in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The same effect was produced by intensive statin therapy. The aim of the present study was to assess whether hypolipidemic agents modulate the impact of thyroid hormone supplementation and selenomethionine on thyroid autoimmunity. Methods The study included 62 women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis treated for at least 6 months with levothyroxine and selenomethionine. On the basis of plasma lipids, women were divided into three groups: women with isolated hypercholesterolemia (group A; n=20), women with isolated hypertriglyceridemia (group B; n=17), and women with normal plasma lipids (group C; n=25). Group A were then treated with atorvastatin (20 mg daily), while group B received micronized fenofibrate (200 mg daily). Serum titers of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, as well as serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine were measured at the beginning of the study and 6 months later. Results Fenofibrate decreased triglycerides and increased HDL cholesterol, while simvastatin decreased total and LDL cholesterol. Fenofibrate reduced titers of thyroid peroxidase and, to a lesser extent, thyroglobulin antibodies. Atorvastatin tended to increase thyroid peroxidase antibodies. No changes in thyrotropin, free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine were observed in any treatment group. Fenofibrate-induced changes in thyroid antibody titers correlated with baseline antibody titers, as well as with treatment-induced changes in HDL cholesterol and insulin sensitivity. Conclusions The obtained results indicate that only fibrates may potentiate the effect of selenomethionine and levothyroxine on thyroid autoimmunity in women.

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Shafiq, Muhammad Imtiaz, Amna Gauhar, Muhammad Akram e Shan Elahi. "Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies in Non-Interferon Treated Hepatitis C Patients in Pakistan". BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/172981.

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Objective. Interferon therapy of HCV infected patients is associated with development of thyroid dysfunctions. Patients with pretreatment presence of antithyroid peroxidase (TPO-Ab) are at greater risk. This study, probably the first in Pakistan, was planned to determine TPO-Ab in sera of treatment-naive local HCV patients.Setting. Centre for Nuclear Medicine (CENUM), Mayo Hospital, Lahore.Patients and Methods. During July to December 2012, 190 patients (140 females, 50 males) newly diagnosed for HCV infection were selected for this study. Their age range was 15–55 years (mean: 35.3 ± 9.1 years). 262 age matched healthy subjects (211 females and 50 males) were recruited as control. Serum-free thyroxin (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were detected by radioimmunoassay techniques. Serum TPO-Ab titer was determined by ELISA method using commercial kits.Results. Serum FT4and TSH levels in HCV patients and controls were within normal range. Between two groups there was no significant difference in mean value of FT4(16.0 ± 3.0 versus 16.2 ± 3.9;P=0.619) but mean TSH value was significantly lower in HCV patients (1.5 ± 0.8 versus 1.8 ± 0.9;P=0.003). Among HCV patients 51 (26.8%) were TPO-Ab positive and among control subjects 18 (6.9%) were TPO-Ab positive. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.001). Further analysis showed that among HCV patients 39 (27.8%) females and 12 (24.0%) males were TPO-Ab positive, respectively, and difference was not statistically significant(P=0.873). Moreover, TPO-Ab positive patients were older and had significantly higher serum TSH as compared to TPO-Ab negative HCV patients.Conclusion. Independent of patient’s gender and increasing with advancing age, about one-fourth of local untreated HCV patients are TPO-Ab positive and are at greater risk of developing thyroid disorders during and after interferon treatment.

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Grice, Adam. "Subclinical hypothyroidism". InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 12, n.º 3 (25 de janeiro de 2019): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738018815525.

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Subclinical hypothyroidism is a common condition associated with a raised thyroid-stimulating hormone and a normal serum free thyroxine that affects about 10% of females over 55 years in age. The most common cause is autoimmune thyroid disease, with 2.5% of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism progressing to clinically overt hypothyroidism each year. The rate of progression is higher in patients with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and higher levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Only a small proportion of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism have symptoms, and although there is some debate in the literature about which patients should be treated, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence clinical knowledge summaries give clear recommendations. There is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism; it is uncertain whether treatment with levothyroxine reduces this risk. When deciding whether to treat subclinical hypothyroidism consider the patient’s age, symptoms, presence of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and risk factors such as cardiovascular disease.

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Dhliwayo, Nyembezi, Rana Wajahat, Andriy Havrylyan, Alvia Moid, Walid Khayr e Charles P. Barsano. "Lyme Disease: An Autoimmunity-Based “Destructive Thyroiditis” or Just Another “Non-Thyroidal Illness”?" Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (1 de maio de 2021): A940—A941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1922.

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Abstract There is considerable evidence that some Borrelial (Lyme spirochetal) proteins share significant antigenic properties with several thyroid-related proteins (e.g. TSH receptor, thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase) and can induce thyroid autoimmunity, sometimes associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and perhaps also a “destructive thyroiditis” such as “silent” thyroiditis or “Hashitoxicosis.” As an acute illness, Lyme disease may also constitute a “non-thyroidal illness” capable of perturbing thyroid function tests without causing thyroid dysfunction. We report a 22-year old woman admitted with an acute paranoid schizophrenia, thyroid function tests consistent with autoimmunity, transient thyrotoxicosis (tachycardia, lid-lag, brisk DTR’s) and a greatly reduced radioiodine uptake. The thyroid was not palpably enlarged, nodular or tender. On screening assay, reactivity was demonstrated to 4 of 13 Borrelial proteins. Anti-Lyme IgM but not IgG, antibodies, were positive. This was consistent with recent Lyme disease infection. Serum TSH (NL: 0.358-3.74 mcU/ml), Free T4 (NL: 0.76-1.46 ng/dl), and Free T3 (NL: 2.18-3.98 pg/ml) were, respectively: Day1: 0.087 mcU/ml (suppressed), 1.52 ng/dl (slightly elevated), 2.07 pg/ml (slightly reduced); Day2: 0.148 (suppressed), 1.18 (normal), no FT3; Day4: 0.827 (normal), no FT4 or FT3; Day5: 1.66 (normal), 0.89 (normal), 1.77 (low). Anti-Tg and Anti-Peroxidase antibodies were both moderately elevated. Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulins were not elevated. The radioactive iodine uptake on Day4 was 2.8% (NL: 15-30% at 24 hr). Thyroid ultrasonogram was normal. An attractive explanation is that Lyme disease triggered a “destructive thyroiditis,” perhaps but not necessarily mediated by thyroid autoimmunity. This would account for the brief interval of thyrotoxicosis accompanied by a very low radioiodine uptake. Alternatively, Lyme disease, as an acute process, would expectedly be capable of eliciting the thyroid function abnormalities of “non-thyroidal illnesses” in general, as would acute psychosis, well-known to often resemble Graves’ disease at admission.

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Latha, Madhavi, e Masthan Saheb. "Evaluation of Thyroid Functions and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies in Patients with Vitiligo". Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, n.º 5 (2019): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.01014.3.

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