Artigos de revistas: "TMK"

1

Leavitt, J., G. Latter, L. Lutomski, D. Goldstein e S. Burbeck. "Tropomyosin isoform switching in tumorigenic human fibroblasts." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, n.º 7 (julho de 1986): 2721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.7.2721.

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We identified six tropomyosin (Tm) isoforms in diploid human fibroblasts. We used computerized microdensitometry of 2-dimensional protein profiles to measure the relative rates of synthesis and abundance of the individual Tm isoforms and actin, the two major structural constituents of microfilaments. In carcinogen-transformed human fibroblasts (HuT-14), the rates of synthesis of three Tm isoforms (Tm1, Tm2, and Tm6) were greatly decreased relative to normal diploid parental fibroblasts and to actin. In contrast, related nontumorigenic HuT fibroblasts which are "immortalized" and anchorage independent exhibited both slight down-regulation of Tm1 and Tm6 and 3.5-fold up-regulation of Tm3. Thus, Tm isoform switching from the predominance of the larger more avid Tm isoforms (Tm1, Tm2, Tm3, and Tm6) to the smaller, less avid Tm isoforms (Tm4 and Tm5) in microfilaments was a transformation-induced change correlated with tumorigenicity in human fibroblasts.

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Leavitt, J., G. Latter, L. Lutomski, D. Goldstein e S. Burbeck. "Tropomyosin isoform switching in tumorigenic human fibroblasts". Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, n.º 7 (julho de 1986): 2721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.7.2721-2726.1986.

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We identified six tropomyosin (Tm) isoforms in diploid human fibroblasts. We used computerized microdensitometry of 2-dimensional protein profiles to measure the relative rates of synthesis and abundance of the individual Tm isoforms and actin, the two major structural constituents of microfilaments. In carcinogen-transformed human fibroblasts (HuT-14), the rates of synthesis of three Tm isoforms (Tm1, Tm2, and Tm6) were greatly decreased relative to normal diploid parental fibroblasts and to actin. In contrast, related nontumorigenic HuT fibroblasts which are "immortalized" and anchorage independent exhibited both slight down-regulation of Tm1 and Tm6 and 3.5-fold up-regulation of Tm3. Thus, Tm isoform switching from the predominance of the larger more avid Tm isoforms (Tm1, Tm2, Tm3, and Tm6) to the smaller, less avid Tm isoforms (Tm4 and Tm5) in microfilaments was a transformation-induced change correlated with tumorigenicity in human fibroblasts.

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3

Tasaka, K. "TMK-688". Drugs of the Future 13, n.º 12 (1988): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.1988.013.12.77461.

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Miyata, Shin-ichi, Kenro Oshima, Shigeyuki Kakizawa, Hisashi Nishigawa, Hee-Young Jung, Tsutomu Kuboyama, Masashi Ugaki e Shigetou Namba. "Two different thymidylate kinase gene homologues, including one that has catalytic activity, are encoded in the onion yellows phytoplasma genome". Microbiology 149, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2003): 2243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.25834-0.

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Thymidylate kinase (TMK) catalyses the phosphorylation of dTMP to form dTDP in both the de novo and salvage pathways of dTTP synthesis in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Two homologues of bacterial thymidylate kinase genes were identified in a genomic library of the onion yellows (OY) phytoplasma, a plant pathogen that inhabits both plant phloem and the organs of insects. Southern blotting analysis suggested that the OY genome contained one copy of the tmk-b gene and multiple copies of the tmk-a gene. Sequencing of PCR products generated by amplification of tmk-a enabled identification of three other copies of tmk-a, although the ORF in each of these was interrupted by point mutations. The proteins, TMK-a and TMK-b, encoded by the two intact genes contained conserved motifs for catalytic activity. Both proteins were overexpressed as fusion proteins with a polyhistidine tag in Escherichia coli and purified, and TMK-b was shown to have thymidylate kinase activity. This is believed to be the first report of the catalytic activity of a phytoplasmal protein, and the OY phytoplasma is the first bacterial species to be found to have two intact homologues of tmk in its genome.

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Chaperon, David-Nicolas. "Construction and Complementation of In-Frame Deletions of the Essential Escherichia coli Thymidylate Kinase Gene". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2006): 1288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.2.1288-1294.2006.

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ABSTRACT This work reports the construction of Escherichia coli in-frame deletion strains of tmk, which encodes thymidylate kinase, Tmk. The tmk gene is located at the third position of a putative five-gene operon at 24.9 min on the E. coli chromosome, which comprises the genes pabC, yceG, tmk, holB, and ycfH. To avoid potential polar effects on downstream genes of the operon, as well as recombination with plasmid-encoded tmk, the tmk gene was replaced by the kanamycin resistance gene kka1, encoding amino glycoside 3′-phosphotransferase kanamycin kinase. The kanamycin resistance gene is expressed under the control of the natural promoter(s) of the putative operon. The E. coli tmk gene is essential under any conditions tested. To show functional complementation in bacteria, the E. coli tmk gene was replaced by thymidylate kinases of bacteriophage T4 gp1, E. coli tmk, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc8, or the Homo sapiens homologue, dTYMK. Growth of these transgenic E. coli strains is completely dependent on thymidylate kinase activities of various origin expressed from plasmids. The substitution constructs show no polar effects on the downstream genes holB and ycfH with respect to cell viability. The presented transgenic bacteria could be of interest for testing of thymidylate kinase-specific phosphorylation of nucleoside analogues that are used in therapies against cancer and infectious diseases.

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Ciruna, B. G., L. Schwartz, K. Harpal, T. P. Yamaguchi e J. Rossant. "Chimeric analysis of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (Fgfr1) function: a role for FGFR1 in morphogenetic movement through the primitive streak". Development 124, n.º 14 (15 de julho de 1997): 2829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.14.2829.

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Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling has been implicated in the patterning of mesoderm and neural lineages during early vertebrate development. In the mouse, FGF receptor-1 (FGFR1) is expressed in an appropriate spatial and temporal manner to be orchestrating these functions. Mouse embryos homozygous for a mutated Fgfr1 allele (fgfr1(delta tmk)) die early in development, show abnormal growth and aberrant mesodermal patterning. We have performed a chimeric analysis to further study FGFR1 function in the morphogenesis and patterning of the mesodermal germ layer at gastrulation. At E9.5, fgfr1(delta tmk)/fgfr1(delta tmk) cells showed a marked deficiency in their ability to contribute to the extra-embryonic, cephalic, heart, axial and paraxial mesoderm, and to the endoderm of chimeric embryos. Analysis at earlier stages of development revealed that fgfr1(delta tmk)/fgfr1(delta tmk) cells accumulated within the primitive streak of chimeric embryos, and consequently failed to populate the anterior mesoderm and endodermal lineages at their inception. We suggest that the primary defect associated with the fgfr1(delta tmk) mutation is a deficiency in the ability of epiblast cells to traverse the primitive streak. fgfr1(delta tmk)/fgfr1(delta tmk) cells that accumulated within the primitive streak of chimeric embryos tended to form secondary neural tubes. These secondary neural tubes were entirely fgfr1(delta tmk)/fgfr1(delta tmk) cell derived. The adoption of ectopic neural fate suggests that normal morphogenetic movement through the streak is essential not only for proper mesodermal patterning but also for correct determination of mesodermal/neurectodermal cell fates.

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Martini, Dwi, Hayyanul Haq e Budi Sutrisno. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN OBAT-OBATAN TRADISIONAL DALAM REZIM HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL (HKI) INDONESIA (Studi Pada Masyarakat Tradisional Sasak)". Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 6, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.6.1.2017.67-90.

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In the modern context, the Traditional Medicine Knowledge (TMK) of Sasak community is a valuable economic asset considering its usage as a basic knowledge (milestone) in the modern medicine discovery. As a form of human intellectual ability, TMK is regulated under the IPRs-TRIPs regime, whereas TMK have prominent opposite characters with IPRs. This fact raises particular issues in terms of: the form of Sasak community’s TMK, regulation of its protection under the IPRs regime and the ideal legal institution to realize the protection. The majority of Sasak’s TMK are transmitted verbally, a fraction of it was written in babon (book of) tetamba/oat and lontar Usada. The IPRs-TRIPs regime only provides indirect regulation toward TMK, as contained in Patent and Plant Variety Protection Law. Ideally, there should be a local Law that particularly regulates protection on Sasak’s TMK in order to prevent misappropriation. Thus, there is a void of Law since there is no Sui Generis Law on the protection of TMK.Keywords: legal protection, traditional medicine knowledge, legal void

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Pasom, P., e B. Panyanak. "Common Fixed Points for Asymptotic Pointwise Nonexpansive Mappings in Metric and Banach Spaces". Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/327434.

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LetCbe a nonempty bounded closed convex subset of a complete CAT(0) spaceX. We prove that the common fixed point set of any commuting family of asymptotic pointwise nonexpansive mappings onCis nonempty closed and convex. We also show that, under some suitable conditions, the sequence{xk}k=1∞defined byxk+1=(1-tmk)xk⊕tmkTmnky(m-1)k, y(m-1)k=(1-t(m-1)k)xk⊕t(m-1)kTm-1nky(m-2)k,y(m-2)k=(1-t(m-2)k)xk⊕t(m-2)kTm-2nky(m-3)k,…,y2k=(1-t2k)xk⊕t2kT2nky1k,y1k=(1-t1k)xk⊕t1kT1nky0k,y0k=xk, k∈N, converges to a common fixed point ofT1,T2,…,Tmwhere they are asymptotic pointwise nonexpansive mappings onC,{tik}k=1∞are sequences in[0,1]for alli=1,2,…,m,and{nk}is an increasing sequence of natural numbers. The related results for uniformly convex Banach spaces are also included.

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9

Cai, Shuang, Lidija Pestic-Dragovich, Martha E. O’Donnell, Ning Wang, Donald Ingber, Elliot Elson e Primal De Lanerolle. "Regulation of cytoskeletal mechanics and cell growth by myosin light chain phosphorylation". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 275, n.º 5 (1 de novembro de 1998): C1349—C1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.275.5.c1349.

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The role of myosin light chain phosphorylation in regulating the mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton was studied in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts expressing a truncated, constitutively active form of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (tMK). Cytoskeletal stiffness determined by quantifying the force required to indent the apical surface of adherent cells showed that stiffness was increased twofold in tMK cells compared with control cells expressing the empty plasmid (Neo cells). Cytoskeletal stiffness quantified using magnetic twisting cytometry showed an ∼1.5-fold increase in stiffness in tMK cells compared with Neo cells. Electronic volume measurements on cells in suspension revealed that tMK cells had a smaller volume and are more resistant to osmotic swelling than Neo cells. tMK cells also have smaller nuclei, and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) and translocation of MAP kinase to the nucleus are slower in tMK cells than in control cells. In tMK cells, there is also less bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and the doubling time is increased. These data demonstrate that increased myosin light chain phosphorylation correlates with increased cytoskeletal stiffness and suggest that changing the mechanical characteristics of the cytoskeleton alters the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cell growth and division.

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10

Lau, Janet Siew Chee, e Roslinda Binti Rosli. "Pengetahuan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi Guru Matematik Sekolah Rendah". Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 5, n.º 11 (1 de novembro de 2020): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i11.546.

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Pembelajaran maya yang merupakan proses pembelajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc) berasaskan Internet adalah bidang yang turut berkembang di Malaysia dalam era Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (TMK) ini. Walau bagaimanapun, tugas mengintegrasikan TMK ke dalam pengajaran bilik darjah terutamanya subjek Matematik dengan cara yang bermakna dan canggih masih mencabar. Walaupun bilik darjah mempunyai akses kepada teknologi, terdapat beberapa keadaan yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan teknologi di bilik darjah seperti infrastruktur yang tidak lengkap, teknologi yang tidak mencukupi, pembangunan profesional yang berkesan, keberkesanan kendiri guru dan persepsi guru. Guru juga jarang mengintegrasikan teknologi dalam PdPc Matematik disebabkan kecekapan mereka adalah terhad kepada kemahiran asas TMK. Maka, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau pengetahuan TMK guru Matematik sekolah rendah Malaysia dan pengetahuan penggunaan TMK dalam PdPc Matematik. Seramai enam puluh lima orang guru Matematik dari tiga buah Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina yang terlibat dalam kajian ini. Kajian ini merupakan kajian tinjauan yang menggunakan soal selidik untuk mengumpul data. Analisis statistik deskriptif digunakan untuk menjawab soalan persoalan. Data-data yang dikumpulkan akan diproses dengan menggunakan perisian statistik SPSS versi 25. Analisis data menunjukkan pengetahuan TMK guru Matematik sekolah rendah Malaysia dan pengetahuan penggunaan TMK dalam PdPc Matematik adalah pada tahap yang sederhana sahaja. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, adalah dicadangkan pengurusan sekolah boleh mengatur latihan dalam perkhidmatan secara berkala dalam kursus pengembangan profesional untuk guru. Dengan kursus yang dijalankan, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kecekapan guru dan mengurangkan kegelisahan mereka dalam menggunakan TMK dalam PdPc.

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Gao, Hong-Wen, Sheng-Yi Zhang e Su-Mei Ye. "Improved Determination of Mercury Complex with Thiomicher’s Ketone by β-Correction Spectrophotometry". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2000): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.1.231.

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Abstract Determination of the mercury complex formed with Thiomicher's ketone (TMK) was improved by β-correction spectrophotometry in the presence of a nonionic surfactant at pH 5. The complex formed was Hg(TMK)2, and its true molar absorptivity is reported for the first time: εHg(TMK)2560 = 1.04 × 105 L/mol·cm. In addition, the stability constant of Hg(TMK)2 was equal to 3.64 × 1010 at an ion strength of 0.01 at 20°C. Results from analyses of wastewater samples showed that the relative standard deviations were ≤8.3%, and the recoveries of mercury ranged from 90 to 110%.

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SALDANHA, DEJANIRA LUDERITZ, MARIA DO CARMO LIMA E. CUNHA DO CARMO LIMA E. CUNHA e JOSÉ CARUSO MORESCO DANNI. "Identificação de Rochas Ultramáficas por Imagens Digitais TM - Landsat 5 no Escudo Sul-rio-grandense, RS". Pesquisas em Geociências 35, n.º 1 (1 de julho de 2008): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.17892.

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Principal Components of Landsat TM images were used aiming to identify occurrences of ultramafic rocks in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Principal Component involving the pairs of bands TM1-TM5, TM4-TM2 and TM5-TM7 showed to be the best for the purposes of the study. Field surveys confirmed the results obtained by digital processing of the images.

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Martini, Dwi, Hayyanul Haq e Budi Sutrisno. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN OBAT-OBATAN TRADISIONAL DALAM REZIM HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL (HKI) INDONESIA (Studi Pada Masyarakat Tradisional Sasak) / LEGAL PROTECTION TOWARD TRADITIONAL MEDICINE KNOWLEDGE IN INDONESIA’S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT REGIME (A Study in The Sasak Traditional Community)". Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 6, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.6.1.2017.168.

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Dalam konteks kekinian Pengetahuan Obat Tradisional (POT) masyarakat adat Sasak merupakan aset ekonomi bernilai tinggi mengingat kegunaannya sebagai pengetahuan dasar (milestone) dalam penemuan obat modern. Sebagai suatu wujud kemampuan intelektual manusia, POT diatur di bawah rezim HKI-TRIPs, padahal POT memiliki perbedaan karakter yang mencolok dengan HKI. Hal ini memunculkan persoalan dalam hal bentuk POT masyarakat adat Sasak, pengaturan perlindungannya dalam rezim HKI dan pranata hukum ideal untuk mewujudkan perlindungan hukum tersebut. POT Sasak mayoritas ditransmisikan secara lisan, sebagian kecil ada yang tercatat dalam babon (kitab) tetamba/oat dan lontar usada. Dalam rezim HKI hanya terdapat pengaturan tidak langsung terhadap POT seperti termuat dalam Undang-Undang Paten dan Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman. Idealnya, terdapat suatu peraturan daerah yang mengatur secara khusus skema perlindungan POT Sasak demi mencegah tindakan misappropriation. Dengan demikian, masih terdapat kekosongan hukum karena belum ada peraturan perundang-undangan sui generis mengenai perlindungan POT.In the modern context, the Traditional Medicine Knowledge (TMK) of Sasak community is a valuable economic asset considering its usage as a basic knowledge (milestone) in the modern medicine discovery. As a form of human intellectual ability, TMK is regulated under the IPRs-TRIPs regime, whereas TMK have prominent opposite characters with IPRs. This fact raises particular issues in terms of: the form of Sasak community’s TMK, regulation of its protection under the IPRs regime and the ideal legal institution to realize the protection. The majority of Sasak’s TMK are transmitted verbally, a fraction of it was written in babon (book of) tetamba/oat and lontar Usada. The IPRs-TRIPs regime only provides indirect regulation toward TMK, as contained in Patent and Plant Variety Protection Law. Ideally, there should be a local Law that particularly regulates protection on Sasak’s TMK in order to prevent misappropriation. Thus, there is a void of Law since there is no Sui Generis Law on the protection of TMK.

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14

Beck, David L., Douglas R. Boettner, Bojan Dragulev, Kim Ready, Tomoyoshi Nozaki e William A. Petri. "Identification and Gene Expression Analysis of a Large Family of Transmembrane Kinases Related to the Gal/GalNAc Lectin in Entamoeba histolytica". Eukaryotic Cell 4, n.º 4 (abril de 2005): 722–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.4.4.722-732.2005.

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ABSTRACT We identified in the Entamoeba histolytica genome a family of over 80 putative transmembrane kinases (TMKs). The TMK extracellular domains had significant similarity to the intermediate subunit (Igl) of the parasite Gal/GalNAc lectin. The closest homolog to the E. histolytica TMK kinase domain was a cytoplasmic dual-specificity kinase, SplA, from Dictyostelium discoideum. Sequence analysis of the TMK family demonstrated similarities to both serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. TMK genes from each of six phylogenetic groups were expressed as mRNA in trophozoites, as assessed by spotted oligoarray and real-time PCR assays, suggesting nonredundant functions of the TMK groups for sensing and responding to extracellular stimuli. Additionally, we observed changes in the expression profile of the TMKs in continuous culture. Antisera produced against the conserved kinase domain identified proteins of the expected molecular masses of the expressed TMKs. Confocal microscopy with anti-TMK kinase antibodies revealed a focal distribution of the TMKs on the cytoplasmic face of the trophozoite plasma membrane. We conclude that E. histolytica expresses members of each subgroup of TMKs. The presence of multiple receptor kinases in the plasma membrane offers for the first time a potential explanation of the ability of the parasite to respond to the changing environment of the host.

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KAŞAK, Fahri Erdem, e İpek GÜVENÇ. "TAŞINMAZLARIN BİRLİKTE REHNİ (TMK m. 855)". Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 23, n.º 1 (22 de março de 2019): 61–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34246/ahbvuhfd.548475.

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Butcher, Charles, Benjamin E. Goldsmith, Sascha Nanlohy, Arcot Sowmya e David Muchlinski. "Introducing the Targeted Mass Killing Data Set for the Study and Forecasting of Mass Atrocities". Journal of Conflict Resolution 64, n.º 7-8 (7 de janeiro de 2020): 1524–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002719896405.

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This article describes a new data set for the study of genocide, politicide, and similar atrocities. Existing data sets have facilitated advances in understanding and policy-relevant applications such as forecasting but have been criticized for insufficient transparency, replicability, and for omitting failed or prevented attempts at genocide/politicide. More general data sets of mass civilian killing do not typically enable users to isolate situations in which specific groups are deliberately targeted. The Targeted Mass Killing (TMK) data set identifies 201 TMK episodes, 1946 to 2017, with annualized information on perpetrator intent, severity, targeted groups, and new ordinal and binary indicators of genocide/politicide that can serve as alternatives to existing measures. Users are also able to construct their own indicators based on their research questions or preferred definitions. The article discusses the concept and operationalization of TMK, provides comparisons with other data sets, and highlights some of the strengths and new capabilities of the TMK data.

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Zhang, J. T. "Sequence requirements for membrane assembly of polytopic membrane proteins: molecular dissection of the membrane insertion process and topogenesis of the human MDR3 P-glycoprotein." Molecular Biology of the Cell 7, n.º 11 (novembro de 1996): 1709–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.7.11.1709.

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The biogenesis of membrane proteins with a single transmembrane (TM) segment is well understood. However, understanding the biogenesis and membrane assembly of membrane proteins with multiple TM segments is still incomplete because of the complexity and diversity of polytopic membrane proteins. In an attempt to investigate further the biogenesis of polytopic membrane proteins, I used the human MDR3 P-glycoprotein (Pgp) as a model polytopic membrane protein and expressed it in a coupled cell-free translation/translocation system. I showed that the topogenesis of the C-terminal half MDR3 Pgp molecule is different from that of the N-terminal half. This observation is similar to that of the human MDR1 Pgp. The membrane insertion properties of the TM1 and TM2 in the N-terminal half molecule are different. The proper membrane anchorage of both TM1 and TM2 of the MDR3 Pgp is affected by their C-terminal amino acid sequences, whereas only the membrane insertion of the TM1 is dependent on the N-terminal amino acid sequences. The efficient membrane insertion of TM3 and TM5 of MDR3 Pgp, on the other hand, requires the presence of the putative TM4 and TM6, respectively. The TM8 in the C-terminal half does not contain an efficient stop-transfer activity. These observations suggest that the membrane insertion of putative TM segments in the human MDR3 Pgp does not simply follow the prevailing sequential event of the membrane insertion by signal-anchor and stop-transfer sequences. These results, together with my previous findings, suggest that different isoforms of Pgp can be used in comparison as a model system to understand the molecular mechanism of topogenesis of polytopic membrane proteins.

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Stieber, P., D. Laessig, V. Heinemann, M. Untch, S. Kahlert e D. Nagel. "Kinetics of CEA and CA15–3 correlate with response in patients undergoing chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, n.º 18_suppl (20 de junho de 2007): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.1087.

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1087 Background: The aim of this retrospective analysis was to determine the correlation between tumor marker kinetic (TMK) like CEA and/ or CA 15–3 and imaging during of MBC pts. Methods: TMK (CEA, AxSYM, Abbott; CA 15–3, Elecsys, Roche) were evaluated in MBC pts at the beginning of palliative chemotherapy (pre-treatment value = A), after 20–30 days (1st intermediate value = B), after 40–60 days (2nd intermediate value = C) and at the time of staging with imaging techniques (D). Response to treatment was assessed by UICC criteria. Two criteria for progressive and two for non-progressive disease based on TMK were established. The 1st criterion for progression required that the increase from A to C had to be >25 %, and the increase per day from A to C had to be greater than the increase from A to B. The 2nd criterion for progression required that D should be >25% than A and an increase of C to D was required. The 1st criterion for non-progressive disease required that the decrease from A to C had to be > 25% and C < B. The 2nd criterion for non-progressive disease required D <25% than B and D < C. Results: 54 (70%) pts showed a correlation of TMK and imaging results. In 10 (13%) pts no correlation was obtained, and in 13 (17%) pts no biochemical statement was possible because of divergent TMK. Using our criteria a sensitivity of 70.2 % was reached. Conclusion: We could show a correlation between TMK and imaging results. After validation in a prospective trial using our criteria in clinical practice could improve therapeutic monitoring and reduce radiation exposure in pts with MBC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Hecht, G., L. Pestic, G. Nikcevic, A. Koutsouris, J. Tripuraneni, D. D. Lorimer, G. Nowak, V. Guerriero, E. L. Elson e P. D. Lanerolle. "Expression of the catalytic domain of myosin light chain kinase increases paracellular permeability". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 271, n.º 5 (1 de novembro de 1996): C1678—C1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.5.c1678.

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Contractile events resulting from phosphorylation of the 20-kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) have been implicated in the regulation of epithelial tight junction permeability. To address this question, Madin-Darby canine kidney cells were transfected with a murine leukemia retroviral vector containing DNA encoding either the catalytic domain of myosin light chain kinase (tMK) or the beta-galactosidase gene (beta-gal). Autoradiograms of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of myosin immunoprecipitated from 32Pi-labeled transfected cells demonstrated that MLC20 phosphorylation was increased 3.1 +/- 0.9-fold in cells expressing tMK compared with cells expressing beta-gal. Phosphopeptide mapping confirmed that myosin light chain kinase was responsible for the increased MLC20 phosphorylation. Transepithelial electrical resistance, a measurement of barrier function, of tMK cell monolayers was consistently < 10% (123 +/- 20 omega.cm2) of that of monolayers comprised of wild-type cells (1,456 +/- 178 omega.cm2) or cells expressing beta-gal (1,452 +/- 174 omega.cm2). Dual 22Na+ and [3H]mannitol flux studies indicated that the decrease in resistance in tMK cells was attributable to increased paracellular flow. These data support the idea that MLC20 phosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase is involved in regulating epithelial tight junction permeability.

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PETIT, Chantal M., e Kristin K. KORETKE. "Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae thymidylate kinase: steady-state kinetics of the forward reaction and isothermal titration calorimetry". Biochemical Journal 363, n.º 3 (24 de abril de 2002): 825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3630825.

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Thymidylate kinase (TMK) catalyses the phosphorylation of dTMP to form dTDP in both the de novo and salvage pathways of dTTP synthesis. The tmk gene from the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified. The gene, encoding a 212-amino-acid polypeptide (23352Da), was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli with an N-terminal hexahistidine tag. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity, and characterized in the forward reaction. The pH profile of TMK indicates that its activity is optimal at pH 8.5. The substrate specificity of the enzyme was examined; it was found that not only ATP, but also dATP and to a lesser extent CTP, could act as phosphate donors, and dTMP and dUMP could serve as phosphate acceptors. Furthermore, AZT-MP (3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine 5′-monophosphate) was shown not to be a substrate for S. pneumoniae TMK. Steady-state kinetics and inhibition studies with adenosine 5′-[β-thio]diphosphate and dTDP in addition to isothermal titration calorimetry were performed. The data showed that binding follows an ordered pathway, in which ATP binds first with a Km of 235±46μM and a Kd of 116±3μM, and dTMP binds secondly with a Km of 66±12μM and a Kd of 53±2μM.

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Shi, Longxiang, Shijian Li, Xiaoran Yang, Jiaheng Qi, Gang Pan e Binbin Zhou. "Semantic Health Knowledge Graph: Semantic Integration of Heterogeneous Medical Knowledge and Services". BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2858423.

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With the explosion of healthcare information, there has been a tremendous amount of heterogeneous textual medical knowledge (TMK), which plays an essential role in healthcare information systems. Existing works for integrating and utilizing the TMK mainly focus on straightforward connections establishment and pay less attention to make computers interpret and retrieve knowledge correctly and quickly. In this paper, we explore a novel model to organize and integrate the TMK into conceptual graphs. We then employ a framework to automatically retrieve knowledge in knowledge graphs with a high precision. In order to perform reasonable inference on knowledge graphs, we propose a contextual inference pruning algorithm to achieve efficient chain inference. Our algorithm achieves a better inference result with precision and recall of 92% and 96%, respectively, which can avoid most of the meaningless inferences. In addition, we implement two prototypes and provide services, and the results show our approach is practical and effective.

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García-Flores, Juana, Mario González-Espinosa, Roberto Lindig-Cisneros e Alejandro Casas. "Traditional medicinal knowledge of tropical trees and its value for restoration of tropical forests". Botanical Sciences 97, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2019): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2122.

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Background. Traditional medicinal knowledge (TMK) accounts for attending nearly 80% of the worldwide needs of health. The highest diversity of medicinal plants includes tropical species and, therefore, TMK may be useful in guiding efforts to recovering tropical biodiversity and ecosystems.Questions. Can TMK become a strategy to be used in identifying medicinal tree species, with bothcultural and ecological importance, that should be considered in tropical forest restoration actions?Study site and dates. The study was conducted during 2015 in four communities of the Sierra region of southern Tabasco, Mexico.Methods. We obtained from the literature a checklist of medicinal trees native to the study region. We conducted semi-structured interviews and participatory workshops in each community; we obtained ethnobotanical data about the most common illnesses and the most important plant species used for attending them. We identified priority species for forest restoration. Indexes of medicinal knowledge (TMK), knowledge richness (IKR) and cultural significance (ICS) were calculated.Results. We recorded a total of 43 tree species. Adult and elder women showed the highest TMK. The main illnesses are gastrointestinal (93-97%), treated with 13 species, and those related with pain and fever (67-97%), treated with 16 species. On average, the IKR was less than 50% of all the species recorded. The highest values of ICS were for Gliricidia sepium, Bursera simaruba, and Piper auritum, whereas Brosimum alicastrum, Ceiba pentandra and Castilla elástica had the lowest values; however, the latter were the species considered with highest priority for forest restoration actions.Conclusions. TMK may be a useful criteria for identifying species to be used in restoring tropical forests, but it should be complemented with other use values of the plant resources based such as food, fuel, wood, among others.

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Ozawa, Shinji, Toshio Wakabayashi, Yasuko Koshihara e Sei-itsu Murota. "TMK-688/an orally effective anti-allergic agent." Ensho 8, n.º 1 (1988): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2492/jsir1981.8.55.

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Perras, Sylvain, Ferdinand Bonn, Hugh Gwyn e Jean-Marie Dubois. "Classification multi-spectrale et apport de la bande TM7, dans la distinction des dépôts meubles de l'île d'Anticosti, Québec". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1985): 1139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-116.

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The differentiation between various surficial deposits and bedrock on Anticosti Island is difficult because of the dense and homogeneous forest cover and because of the subdued topography. Remote sensing allows us to solve this problem by making use of the physical characteristics of Quaternary deposits and the weathered bedrock, which influence internal drainage and the availability of soil moisture to the vegetation. A spectral simulation of LANDSAT-4 was made using an airborne Daedalus 1260, 11-channel scanner. Several supervised classifications of the digital images were made using test sites studied in the field. Using the raw data from Thematic Mapper bands TM2, TM3, TM4, and TM7, the geologic environments and the ecodynamic units could be distinguished with 70% accuracy. However, the integration of bands TM2 and TM4 with the vegetation index (VI) = [(TM4 – TM3)/(TM4 + TM3)] and the algorithme (A) = [(TM7 − VI)/(TM7 + VI)] resulted in a classification accuracy of 80%. Band TM7 (2,08–2,35 μm) distinguishes itself from the other bands by having a strong reflection over bare bedrock and an absorption by water, which allow the characterization of modern alluvial deposits. The characteristics of TM7 can also be distinguished from those of the near-infrared wavelengths of TM4, which are absorbed by forest vegetation.

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Hiroyuki, Andi, Savitri Novelina e Chairun Nisa’. "Komparasi Morfologi Lambung Musang Luwak (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) Berdasarkan Pola Pemberian Pakan Buah Kopi". Acta VETERINARIA Indonesiana 8, n.º 2 (6 de julho de 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/avi.8.2.1-8.

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Musang luwak dikenal sebagai hewan yang menghasilkan biji kopi luwak dengan harga jual tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh konsumsi buah kopi terhadap morfologi lambung musang luwak. Sampel didapatkan dari lambung enam musang yang terbagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama adalah musang luwak yang mengkonsumsi kopi (Mk) (n=3) dan kelompok yang tidak mengkonsumsi kopi (TMk) (n=3). Lambung yang telah terfiksasi kemudian diamati secara makroskopik dan mikroskopik. Pengamatan makroskopik dilakukan dengan mengamati bentuk dan ukuran dari lambung. Pengamatan mikroskopik dilakukan menggunakan teknik histokimia yaitu melalui pewarnaan hematoksilin eosin (HE), alcian blue (AB), dan periodic acid Schiff (PAS). Hasil pengamatan menunjukan kondisi lambung yang relatif berbeda. lambung kelompok Mk memiliki ukuran yang relatif lebih besar dibandingkan lambung kelompok TMk namun memiliki lipatan mukosa yang lebih sedikit, terutama pada bagian proksimal lambung. Kelenjar fundus lambung kelompok Mk menunjukan jumlah sel parietal yang relatif lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kelompok TMk. Pewarnaan AB dan PAS menunjukan sebaran karbohidrat netral yang lebih dominan pada permukaan kelenjar pilorus kedua kelompok perlakuan. Konsentrasi karbohidrat asam yang tinggi juga ditemukan pada kelenjar fundus kedua kelompok perlakuan. Karakteristik lambung ini diduga berhubungan dengan diet dan proses pencernaan pada saluran pencernaan musang luwak.

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Nazeer, Khurram, Michael G. Janech, Jim J. C. Lin, Kevin J. Ryan, John M. Arthur e Milos N. Budisavljevic. "Changes in protein profiles during course of experimental glomerulonephritis". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 296, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2009): F186—F193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90222.2008.

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Better characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying glomerular cell proliferation may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and yield disease-specific markers. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) to generate expression profiles of glomerular proteins in the course of anti-Thy-1 nephritis. Glomeruli were isolated from Wistar rats by sieving, and proteins were separated by 2DE. In preliminary studies using normal rats, we identified known glomerular proteins from microfilaments [tropomyosin (Tm)] and intermediate filaments (vimentin and lamin A), proteins involved in assembly (α-actinin-4, F-actin capping protein) and membrane cytoskeletal linking (ezrin), as well as several enzymes (protein disulfide isomerase, ATP synthase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase). Comparison of glomerular protein abundance between normal rats and rats in the early phase of anti-Thy-1 nephritis yielded 28 differentially expressed protein spots. MS analysis identified 16 differentially expressed proteins including Tm. Altered Tm abundance in the course of anti-Thy-1 nephritis was confirmed, and specific isoforms were characterized by Western blotting. We demonstrated a complex change in Tm isoform abundance in the course of anti-Thy-1 nephritis. The early mesangiolytic phase of the disease was characterized by decreased abundance of low-molecular-weight isoforms Tm5a/5b and increased abundance of high-molecular-weight isoforms Tm6, Tm1, Tm2, and Tm3. The late proliferative phase of the disease was associated with increased abundance of isoforms Tm5a/5b, Tm6, and Tm1 and decreased abundance of Tm3. Isoforms Tm4 and Tm5 remained unchanged in the course of this model of experimental glomerulonephritis. Characterization of Tm isoform abundance in the course of clinical glomerulonephritis may identify disease-specific markers.

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S. Hülya, İMAMOĞLU. "VESAYET ALTINDAKİ KÜÇÜĞÜN KORUMA AMACIYLA ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜNÜN KISITLANMASI (TMK 446)". Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 54, n.º 4 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/hukfak_0000000381.

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Aydoğdu, Halil İlhan, Mehmet Askay, Güven Seçkin Kırcı e Erdal Özer. "18-65 Yaş Aralığındaki Kişilerde Hukuki Ehliyetin Değerlendirilmesi". Bulletin of Legal Medicine 23, n.º 2 (30 de setembro de 2017): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17986/blm.2017331583.

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Amaç: Medeni hukuk, çağdaş toplumlarda kişilere belirli hak ve ehliyetler tanımlamıştır. Fiil ehliyeti kişilerin haklarını kullanmasını, sorumluluklar edinebilmesini gerektiren hak ve ödevleri kapsamaktadır. Kişilerin çeşitli sebeplerle fiil ehliyetine sahip olmaması durumlarında hukuk sistemi uzman tıbbi bilirkişilerden görüş almaktadır. Çalışmamızda 18-65 yaş aralığındaki kişilerin hukuki ehliyetin değerlendirilmesi ve literatüre katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 01/01/2015 -31/12/2016 tarihleri arasında Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı’na hukuki ehliyetin değerlendirilmesi için gönderilen hastalardan 18-65 yaş arasında kalanlara düzenlenen adli raporlar geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Bulgular: İncelenen 108 olgunun yaşları 18-64 arasında değişmekteydi. Alınan anamnez, incelenen tıbbi evrak, yapılan tetkikler, testler ve ruhsal durum muayenesi neticesinde şahıslardan 56’sının (%51,9) TMK 405. madde kapsamında kısıtlanmasının, 3’ünün (%2,8) TMK 408. madde kapsamında isteği doğrultusunda kısıtlanabileceği, 11’inin (%10,2) TMK 406. madde kapsamında savurganlığı, kötü yaşam tarzı ve malvarlığını kötü yönetmesi sebebiyle kendisini ya da ailesini darlık veya yoksunluğa düşürme tehlikesinin belirlenmesi durumunda vesayet altına alınabileceği, 4’üne (%3,7) yasal danışman atanmasının uygun olacağı belirtilmiş olup, 34 (%31,5) kişi hakkında da vesayet altına alınmasını gerektirir bir halinin olmadığı kararı verildi. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, hukuki ehliyet açısından değerlendirilen 18-65 yaş aralığındaki kişilerde en sık mental retardasyon saptanmış olup bu durumun geriatrik popülasyondan farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca elde edilen bulgular geriatrik olmayan yaş gruplarında hukuki ehliyetin değerlendirilmesinde özel bir yaklaşım sergilenmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

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Nath, Pratiti, Elizabeth Ngoc Hoa Tran e Renato Morona. "Mutational Analysis of the Shigella flexneri O-Antigen Polymerase Wzy: Identification of Wzz-Dependent Wzy Mutants". Journal of Bacteriology 197, n.º 1 (13 de outubro de 2014): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01885-14.

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The O-antigen (Oag) component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence determinant ofShigella flexneriand is synthesized by the O-antigen polymerase, WzySf. Oag chain length is regulated by chromosomally encoded WzzSfand pHS-2 plasmid-encoded WzzpHS2. To identify functionally important amino acid residues in WzySf, random mutagenesis was performed on thewzySfgene in a pWaldo-TEV-GFP plasmid, followed by screening with colicin E2. Analysis of the LPS conferred by mutated WzySfproteins in thewzySf-deficient (Δwzy) strain identified 4 different mutant classes, with mutations found in periplasmic loop 1 (PL1), PL2, PL3, and PL6, transmembrane region 2 (TM2), TM4, TM5, TM7, TM8, and TM9, and cytoplasmic loop 1 (CL1) and CL5. The association of WzySfand WzzSfwas investigated by transforming these mutatedwzySfplasmids into awzySf- andwzzSf-deficient (Δwzy Δwzz) strain. Comparison of the LPS profiles in the Δwzyand Δwzy Δwzzbackgrounds identified WzySfmutants whose polymerization activities were WzzSfdependent. Colicin E2 and bacteriophage Sf6c sensitivities were consistent with the LPS profiles. Analysis of the expression levels of the WzySf-GFP mutants in the Δwzyand Δwzy Δwzzbackgrounds identified a role for WzzSfin WzySfstability. Hence, in addition to its role in regulating Oag modal chain length, WzzSfalso affects WzySfactivity and stability.

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Gallant, Cynthia, Sarah Appel, Philip Graceffa, Paul Leavis, Jim Jung-Ching Lin, Peter W. Gunning, Galina Schevzov et al. "Tropomyosin variants describe distinct functional subcellular domains in differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 300, n.º 6 (junho de 2011): C1356—C1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00450.2010.

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Tropomyosin (Tm) is known to be an important gatekeeper of actin function. Tm isoforms are encoded by four genes, and each gene produces several variants by alternative splicing, which have been proposed to play roles in motility, proliferation, and apoptosis. Smooth muscle studies have focused on gizzard smooth muscle, where a heterodimer of Tm from the α-gene (Tmsm-α) and from the β-gene (Tmsm-β) is associated with contractile filaments. In this study we examined Tm in differentiated mammalian vascular smooth muscle (dVSM). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) analysis and Western blot screening with variant-specific antibodies revealed that at least five different Tm proteins are expressed in this tissue: Tm6 (Tmsm-α) and Tm2 from the α-gene, Tm1 (Tmsm-β) from the β-gene, Tm5NM1 from the γ-gene, and Tm4 from the δ-gene. Tm6 is by far most abundant in dVSM followed by Tm1, Tm2, Tm5NM1, and Tm4. Coimmunoprecipitation and coimmunofluorescence studies demonstrate that Tm1 and Tm6 coassociate with different actin isoforms and display different intracellular localizations. Using an antibody specific for cytoplasmic γ-actin, we report here the presence of a γ-actin cortical cytoskeleton in dVSM cells. Tm1 colocalizes with cortical cytoplasmic γ-actin and coprecipitates with γ-actin. Tm6, on the other hand, is located on contractile bundles. These data indicate that Tm1 and Tm6 do not form a classical heterodimer in dVSM but rather describe different functional cellular compartments.

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Jamali, Mohammad Reza, Yaghoub Assadi, Reyhaneh Rahnama Kozani e Farzaneh Shemirani. "Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction Method for Selective Separation and Preconcentration of Trace Amounts of Palladium". E-Journal of Chemistry 6, n.º 4 (2009): 1077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/564276.

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A simple and effective homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction method for selective separation, preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II) ion was developed by using a ternary component system (water / tetrabutylammonium ion (TBA+) / chloroform). The phase separation phenomenon occurred by an ion–pair formation of TBA+and perchlorate ion. Thio-Michler’s ketone (TMK), 4, 4ˊ-bis (dimethylamino) thiobenzophenone, was used as a complexing agent. After optimization of complexation and extraction conditions ([TMK]=5.0x10-2mol L-1, [TBA+] = 2.0×10-2mol L-1, [CHCl3] = 60.0 µL, [ClO4-] = 2.5×10-2mol L-1and pH= 3.0), a preconcentration factor 10 was obtained for 10 mL of sample. The analytical curve was linear in the range of 2-100 ng mL-1and the limit of detection was 0.4 ng mL-1. The relative standard deviation was 3.2% (n=10). Accuracy and application of the method was estimated by using test samples of natural and synthetic water spiked with different amounts of palladium(II) ion. The method is very simple and inexpensive.

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Mori, Hiroyuki, Naomi Shimokawa, Yasunari Satoh e Koreaki Ito. "Mutational Analysis of Transmembrane Regions 3 and 4 of SecY, a Central Component of Protein Translocase". Journal of Bacteriology 186, n.º 12 (15 de junho de 2004): 3960–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.12.3960-3969.2004.

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ABSTRACT The SecYEG heterotrimeric membrane protein complex functions as a channel for protein translocation across the Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane. SecY is the central subunit of the SecYEG complex and contains 10 transmembrane segments (TM1 to TM10). Previous mutation studies suggested that TM3 and TM4 are particularly important for SecY function. To further characterize TM3 and TM4, we introduced a series of cysteine-scanning mutations into these segments. With one exception (an unstable product), all the mutant proteins complemented the cold-sensitive growth defect of the secY39 mutant. A combination of this secY mutation and the secG deletion resulted in synthetic lethality, and the TM3 and TM4 SecY cysteine substitution mutations were examined for their ability to complement this lethality. Although they were all positive for complementation, some of the complemented cells exhibited significant retardation of protein export. The substitution-sensitive residues in TM3 can be aligned to one side of the alpha-helix, and those in TM4 revealed a tendency for residues closer to the cytosolic side of the membrane to be more severely affected. Disulfide cross-linking experiments identified a specific contact point for TM3 and SecG TM2 as well as for TM4 and SecG TM1. Thus, although TM3 and TM4 do not contain any single residue that is absolutely required, they include functionally important helix surfaces and specific contact points with SecG. These results are discussed in light of the structural information available for the SecY complex.

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Murota, Sei-itsu, Yasuko Koshihara, Toshio Wakabayashi, Jun-ichiro Arai e Shinji Ozawa. "Pharmacological actions of TMK-compounds, a new type of antiallergic drug." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 39 (1985): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)63562-6.

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Xu, T., N. Dai, J. Chen, S. Nagawa, M. Cao, H. Li, Z. Zhou et al. "Cell Surface ABP1-TMK Auxin-Sensing Complex Activates ROP GTPase Signaling". Science 343, n.º 6174 (27 de fevereiro de 2014): 1025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1245125.

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Martínez-Botella, Gabriel, James T. Loch, Oluyinka M. Green, Sameer P. Kawatkar, Nelson B. Olivier, P. Ann Boriack-Sjodin e Thomas A. Keating. "Sulfonylpiperidines as novel, antibacterial inhibitors of Gram-positive thymidylate kinase (TMK)". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 23, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2013): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.128.

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Vohra, Shabana, Bruck Taddese, Alex C. Conner, David R. Poyner, Debbie L. Hay, James Barwell, Philip J. Reeves, Graham J. G. Upton e Christopher A. Reynolds. "Similarity between class A and class B G-protein-coupled receptors exemplified through calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor modelling and mutagenesis studies". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, n.º 79 (6 de fevereiro de 2013): 20120846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0846.

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Modelling class B G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) using class A GPCR structural templates is difficult due to lack of homology. The plant GPCR, GCR1, has homology to both class A and class B GPCRs. We have used this to generate a class A–class B alignment, and by incorporating maximum lagged correlation of entropy and hydrophobicity into a consensus score, we have been able to align receptor transmembrane regions. We have applied this analysis to generate active and inactive homology models of the class B calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor, and have supported it with site-directed mutagenesis data using 122 CGRP receptor residues and 144 published mutagenesis results on other class B GPCRs. The variation of sequence variability with structure, the analysis of polarity violations, the alignment of group-conserved residues and the mutagenesis results at 27 key positions were particularly informative in distinguishing between the proposed and plausible alternative alignments. Furthermore, we have been able to associate the key molecular features of the class B GPCR signalling machinery with their class A counterparts for the first time. These include the [K/R]KLH motif in intracellular loop 1, [I/L]xxxL and KxxK at the intracellular end of TM5 and TM6, the NPXXY/VAVLY motif on TM7 and small group-conserved residues in TM1, TM2, TM3 and TM7. The equivalent of the class A DRY motif is proposed to involve Arg 2.39 , His 2.43 and Glu 3.46 , which makes a polar lock with T 6.37 . These alignments and models provide useful tools for understanding class B GPCR function.

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Lin, C. S., e J. Leavitt. "Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding transformation-sensitive tropomyosin isoform 3 from tumorigenic human fibroblasts." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1988): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.1.160.

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We isolated a cDNA clone from the tumorigenic human fibroblast cell line HuT-14 that contains the entire protein coding region of tropomyosin isoform 3 (Tm3) and 781 base pairs of 5'- and 3'-untranslated sequences. Tm3, despite its apparent smaller molecular weight than Tm1 in two-dimensional gels, has the same peptide length as Tm1 (284 amino acids) and shares 83% homology with Tm1. Tm3 cDNA hybridized to an abundant mRNA of 1.3 kilobases in fetal muscle and cardiac muscle, suggesting that Tm3 is related to an alpha fast-tropomyosin. The first 188 amino acids of Tm3 are identical to those of rat or rabbit skeletal muscle alpha-tropomyosin, and the last 71 amino acids differ from those of rat smooth muscle alpha-tropomyosin by only 1 residue. Tm3 therefore appears to be encoded by the same gene that encodes the fast skeletal muscle alpha-tropomyosin and the smooth muscle alpha-tropomyosin via an alternative RNA-splicing mechanism. In contrast to Tm4 and Tm5, Tm3 has a small gene family, with, at best, only one pseudogene.

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Lin, C. S., e J. Leavitt. "Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding transformation-sensitive tropomyosin isoform 3 from tumorigenic human fibroblasts". Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1988): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.1.160-168.1988.

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We isolated a cDNA clone from the tumorigenic human fibroblast cell line HuT-14 that contains the entire protein coding region of tropomyosin isoform 3 (Tm3) and 781 base pairs of 5'- and 3'-untranslated sequences. Tm3, despite its apparent smaller molecular weight than Tm1 in two-dimensional gels, has the same peptide length as Tm1 (284 amino acids) and shares 83% homology with Tm1. Tm3 cDNA hybridized to an abundant mRNA of 1.3 kilobases in fetal muscle and cardiac muscle, suggesting that Tm3 is related to an alpha fast-tropomyosin. The first 188 amino acids of Tm3 are identical to those of rat or rabbit skeletal muscle alpha-tropomyosin, and the last 71 amino acids differ from those of rat smooth muscle alpha-tropomyosin by only 1 residue. Tm3 therefore appears to be encoded by the same gene that encodes the fast skeletal muscle alpha-tropomyosin and the smooth muscle alpha-tropomyosin via an alternative RNA-splicing mechanism. In contrast to Tm4 and Tm5, Tm3 has a small gene family, with, at best, only one pseudogene.

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Mori, Y., S. Simizu, M. Nakajima, H. Sugiura, M. Miyaoka e T. Saito. "Usefulness of TMK 777, a 5-lipoxygenase Inhibitor, in Rat Colitis Model." Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi 48, n.º 9 (1995): 1080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3862/jcoloproctology.48.9_1080.

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Binkley, J. P., e P. L. Kuempel. "Genetic mapping in Escherichia coli of tmk, the locus for dTMP kinase." Journal of Bacteriology 168, n.º 3 (1986): 1457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.168.3.1457-1458.1986.

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Marchenko, L. G., A. A. Klachkov e I. L. Koldaeva. "Social responsibility and systemic organization of environmental-protection activities at OAO TMK". Steel in Translation 37, n.º 7 (julho de 2007): 654–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s096709120707025x.

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Davis, Perry E., Emily C. Wilkinson e Robert M. Dores. "Identifying Common Features in the Activation of Melanocortin-2 Receptors: Studies on the Xenopus tropicalis Melanocortin-2 Receptor". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n.º 17 (26 de agosto de 2019): 4166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174166.

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The interaction between the pituitary hormone, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R) orthologs involves the H6 F7 R8 W9 and R/K15 K16 R17 R18 motifs in ACTH making contact with corresponding contact sites on MC2R. Earlier studies have localized the common HFRW binding site of all melanocortin receptors to residues in TM2, TM3, and TM6 that are located close to the extracellular space. The current study has identified residues in Xenopus tropicalis (xt) MC2R in TM4 (I158, F161), in EC2 (M166), and in TM5 (V172) that also are involved in activation of xtMC2R, and may be in the R/KKRR contact site of xtMC2R. These results are compared to earlier studies on the corresponding domains of human MC2R and rainbow trout MC2R in an effort to identify common features in the activation of teleost and tetrapod MC2R orthologs following stimulation with ACTH.

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Keating, Thomas A., Joseph V. Newman, Nelson B. Olivier, Linda G. Otterson, Beth Andrews, P. Ann Boriack-Sjodin, John N. Breen et al. "In VivoValidation of Thymidylate Kinase (TMK) with a Rationally Designed, Selective Antibacterial Compound". ACS Chemical Biology 7, n.º 11 (28 de agosto de 2012): 1866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cb300316n.

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Shizawa, Takashi, Kenichi Abe, Kazuha Maeda, Ryohei Yanoshita e Yoshiyasu Sobukawa. "The inhibitory effect of TMK-688 on experimental allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 61 (1993): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)51232-x.

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Martínez-Botella, Gabriel, John N. Breen, James E. S. Duffy, Jacques Dumas, Bolin Geng, Ian K. Gowers, Oluyinka M. Green et al. "Discovery of Selective and Potent Inhibitors of Gram-Positive Bacterial Thymidylate Kinase (TMK)". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 55, n.º 22 (24 de outubro de 2012): 10010–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm3011806.

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Ab Aziz, Nurul Farahin, e Siti Mistima Maat. "Kesediaan dan Efikasi Guru Matematik Sekolah Rendah dalam Pengintegrasian Teknologi Semasa Pandemik COVID-19". Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, n.º 8 (10 de agosto de 2021): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i8.949.

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Banyak negara mengambil keputusan untuk melaksanakan pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) atas talian dengan memanfaatkan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (TMK). Walau bagaimanapun, didapati ramai guru matematik masih lemah dalam aspek penguasaan ilmu, pengkaedahan PdP, penggunaan dan kepercayaan serta sikap terhadap TMK dalam pendidikan. Oleh yang demikian, perlaksanaan kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kesediaan dan efikasi guru matematik dalam pengintegrasian teknologi sewaktu pandemik COVID-19. Faktor jantina, tempoh perkhidmatan dan Pengetahuan Teknologi Pedagogi Isi Kandungan (PTPIK) guru matematik turut diambil kira. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan keratan rentas dengan memanfaatkan pensampelan mudah ke atas 62 guru matematik sekolah rendah Kuala Selangor. Analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensi digunakan bagi tujuan penganalisisan data kajian. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan pengetahuan guru matematik berada pada tahap yang tinggi. Analisis statistik inferensi menunjukkan perbezaan tidak signifikan bagi kesediaan dan efikasi guru matematik dalam pengintegrasian teknologi berdasarkan jantina dan tempoh perkhidmatan. Selain itu, efikasi guru matematik mempunyai hubungan linear yang signifikan ke atas kesediaan guru matematik dalam pengintegrasian teknologi. Implikasi terhadap peranan guru matematik dan pihak kepimpinan dibincangkan dengan berfokuskan kepentingan latihan dalam perkhidmatan bagi memastikan pengetahuan, kesediaan dan efikasi guru matematik sentiasa berada di tahap yang memuaskan. Banyak usaha yang perlu dilakukan bagi memastikan keberhasilan pengajaran matematik sewaktu pandemik COVID-19.

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Lin, Shangrong, Jing Li, Qinhuo Liu, Alfredo Huete e Longhui Li. "Effects of Forest Canopy Vertical Stratification on the Estimation of Gross Primary Production by Remote Sensing". Remote Sensing 10, n.º 9 (21 de agosto de 2018): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10091329.

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Gross primary production (GPP) in forests is the most important carbon flux in terrestrial ecosystems. Forest ecosystems with high leaf area index (LAI) values have diverse species or complex forest structures with vertical stratifications that influence the carbon–water–energy cycles. In this study, we used three light use efficiency (LUE) GPP models and site-level experiment data to analyze the effects of the vertical stratification of dense forest vegetation on the estimates of remotely sensed GPP during the growing season of two forest sites in East Asia: Dinghushan (DHS) and Tomakomai (TMK). The results showed that different controlling environmental factors of the vertical layers, such as temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), produce different responses for the same LUE value in the different sub-ecosystems (defined as the tree, shrub, and grass layers), which influences the GPP estimation. Air temperature and VPD play important roles in the effects of vertical stratification on the GPP estimates in dense forests, which led to differences in GPP uncertainties from −50% to 30% because of the distinct temperature responses in TMK. The unequal vertical LAI distributions in the different sub-ecosystems led to GPP variations of 1–2 gC/m2/day with uncertainties of approximately −30% to 20% because sub-ecosystems have unique absorbed fractions of photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) and LUE. A comparison with the flux tower-based GPP data indicated that the GPP estimations from the LUE and APAR values from separate vertical layers exhibited better model performance than those calculated using the single-layer method, with 10% less bias in DHS and more than 70% less bias in TMK. The precision of the estimated GPP in regions with thick understory vegetation could be effectively improved by considering the vertical variations in environmental parameters and the LAI values of different sub-ecosystems as separate factors when calculating the GPP of different components. Our results provide useful insight that can be used to improve the accuracy of remote sensing GPP estimations by considering vertical stratification parameters along with the LAI of sub-ecosystems in dense forests.

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Hamano, Yoshimitsu, Naoko Kito, Akihiro Kita, Yuuki Imokawa, Kazuya Yamanaka, Chitose Maruyama e Hajime Katano. "ε-Poly-l-Lysine Peptide Chain Length Regulated by the Linkers Connecting the Transmembrane Domains of ε-Poly-l-Lysine Synthetase". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, n.º 16 (6 de junho de 2014): 4993–5000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01201-14.

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ABSTRACTε-Poly-l-lysine (ε-PL), consisting of 25 to 35l-lysine residues with linkages between the α-carboxyl groups and ε-amino groups, is produced byStreptomyces albulusNBRC14147. ε-PL synthetase (Pls) is a membrane protein with six transmembrane domains (TM1 to TM6) as well as both an adenylation domain and a thiolation domain, characteristic of the nonribosomal peptide synthetases. Pls directly generates ε-PL chain length diversity (25- to 35-mer), but the processes that control the chain length of ε-PL during the polymerization reaction are still not fully understood. Here, we report on the identification of Pls amino acid residues involved in the regulation of the ε-PL chain length. From approximately 12,000 variants generated by random mutagenesis, we found 8 Pls variants that produced shorter chains of ε-PL. These variants have one or more mutations in two linker regions connecting the TM1 and TM2 domains and the TM3 and TM4 domains. In the Pls catalytic mechanism, the growing chain of ε-PL is not tethered to the enzyme, implying that the enzyme must hold the growing chain until the polymerization reaction is complete. Our findings reveal that the linker regions are important contributors to grasp the growing chain of ε-PL.

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Tourneux, Lise, Nadia Bucurenci, Ioan Lascu, Hiroshi Sakamoto, Gilbert Briand e Anne-Marie Gilles. "Substitution of an Alanine Residue for Glycine 146 in TMP Kinase from Escherichia coli Is Responsible for Bacterial Hypersensitivity to Bromodeoxyuridine". Journal of Bacteriology 180, n.º 16 (15 de agosto de 1998): 4291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.16.4291-4293.1998.

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ABSTRACT The wild-type TMP kinases from Escherichia coli and from a strain hypersensitive to 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine were characterized comparatively. The mutation at codon 146 causes the substitution of an alanine residue for glycine in the enzyme, which is accompanied by changes in the relative affinities for 5-Br-UMP and TMP compared to those of the wild-type TMP kinase. Plasmids carrying the wild-type tmk gene from Escherichia coli orBacillus subtilis, but not the defective tmkgene, restored the resistance to bromodeoxyuridine of an E. coli mutant strain.

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Mehra, Alka, Jesse Fredrick, William A. Petri, Sudha Bhattacharya e Alok Bhattacharya. "Expression and Function of a Family of Transmembrane Kinases from the Protozoan Parasite Entamoeba histolytica". Infection and Immunity 74, n.º 9 (setembro de 2006): 5341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00025-06.

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ABSTRACT The signaling proteome of Entamoeba histolytica is made of transmembrane kinases (TMKs) that are rarely found in unicellular eukaryotes. There are 90 TMK genes reported for E. histolytica, and these have been grouped into nine distinct families based on motifs present on both extracellular and kinase domains. Of these, the B1 family was chosen for further analysis. Genomic sequencing revealed the presence of 28 members belonging to this family. Genes corresponding to the majority of these were truncated and not considered for further analysis. Only five members were full length and contained both extracellular and cytosolic kinase domains. BLAST analysis revealed the presence of homologs of these B1 TMKs in the nonpathogenic Entamoeba dispar. However, the ligand binding domains of the orthologous B1 TMKs of the two species showed considerable divergence, indicating the possibility of a correlation with the pathogenic potential of the organism. Only two of the five full-length copies (B1.I.1 and B1.I.2) were expressed in E. histolytica under the culture conditions used. Antisera generated against the extracellular domain of B1.I.1 stained the cell surface, particularly the areas of contact between the trophozoites. Staining was also seen in the frontal and posterior regions of the motile amoeba. An amoebic cell line expressing a truncated version of the B1.I.1 that lacked the kinase domain was generated. Inducible expression of the truncated TMK resulted in a decrease in cellular proliferation and an increase in sensitivity to serum starvation. Our data indicate that the B1.I class of TMKs is involved in parasite proliferation.

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