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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Trace organic removal"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 11 de fevereiro de 2022

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1

Trinh, T., B. van den Akker, R. M. Stuetz, H. M. Coleman, P. Le-Clech e S. J. Khan. "Removal of trace organic chemical contaminants by a membrane bioreactor". Water Science and Technology 66, n.º 9 (1 de novembro de 2012): 1856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.374.

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Emerging wastewater treatment processes such as membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have attracted a significant amount of interest internationally due to their ability to produce high quality effluent suitable for water recycling. It is therefore important that their efficiency in removing hazardous trace organic contaminants be assessed. Accordingly, this study investigated the removal of trace organic chemical contaminants through a full-scale, package MBR in New South Wales, Australia. This study was unique in the context of MBR research because it characterised the removal of 48 trace organic chemical contaminants, which included steroidal hormones, xenoestrogens, pesticides, caffeine, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Results showed that the removal of most trace organic chemical contaminants through the MBR was high (above 90%). However, amitriptyline, carbamazepine, diazepam, diclofenac, fluoxetine, gemfibrozil, omeprazole, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim were only partially removed through the MBR with the removal efficiencies of 24–68%. These are potential indicators for assessing MBR performance as these chemicals are usually sensitive to changes in the treatment systems. The trace organic chemical contaminants detected in the MBR permeate were 1 to 6 orders of magnitude lower than guideline values reported in the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling. The outcomes of this study enhanced our understanding of the levels and removal of trace organic contaminants by MBRs.

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Hajibabania, S., A. Verliefde, J. E. Drewes, L. D. Nghiem, J. McDonald, S. Khan e P. Le-Clech. "Effect of fouling on removal of trace organic compounds by nanofiltration". Drinking Water Engineering and Science 4, n.º 1 (21 de dezembro de 2011): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwes-4-71-2011.

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Abstract. The fate of chemical of concern is not yet fully understood during treatment of impaired waters. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of different organic-based fouling layers on the removal of a large range of trace organics. Both model and real water samples (mixed with trace organic contaminants at environmental concentration of 2 μg l−1) were used to simulate fouling in nanofiltration under controlled environment. The new and fouled membranes were systematically characterised for surface charge, hydrophobicity and roughness. It was observed that fouling generally reduced the membrane surface charge; however, the alterations of the membrane hydrophobicity and surface roughness were dependent on the foulants composition. The rejection of charged trace organics was observed to be improved due to the increased electrostatic repulsion by fouled membranes and the adsorption of the trace organic chemicals onto organic matters. On the other hand, the removal of nonionic compounds decreased when fouling occurred, due to the presence of cake enhanced concentration polarization. The fouling layer structure was found to play an important role in the rejection of the trace organic compounds.

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Hajibabania, S., A. Verliefde, J. E. Drewes, L. D. Nghiem, J. McDonald, S. Khan e P. Le-Clech. "Effect of fouling on removal of trace organic compounds by nanofiltration". Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions 4, n.º 1 (9 de setembro de 2011): 117–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwesd-4-117-2011.

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Abstract. The fate of chemical of concern is not yet fully understood during treatment of impaired waters. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of different organic-based fouling layers on the removal of a large range of trace organics. Both model and real water samples (mixed with trace organic contaminants at environmental concentration of 2 μg l−1) were used to simulate fouling in NF under controlled environment. The new and fouled membranes were systematically characterised for surface charge, hydrophobicity and roughness. It was observed that fouling generally reduced the membrane surface charge; however, the alterations of the membrane hydrophobicity and surface roughness were dependent on the foulants composition. The rejection of charged trace organics was observed to be improved due to the increased electrostatic repulsion by fouled membranes and the adsorption of the trace organic chemicals onto organic matters. On the other hand, the removal of nonionic compounds decreased when fouling occurred, due to the presence of cake enhanced concentration polarization. The fouling layer structure was found to play an important role in the rejection of the trace organic compounds.

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Loi-Brügger, A., S. Panglisch, G. Hoffmann, P. Buchta, R. Gimbel e C. J. Nacke. "Removal of trace organic substances from river bank filtrate – performance study of RO and NF membranes". Water Supply 8, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2008): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.021.

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Producing drinking water from raw waters like river bank filtrate nowadays requires the safe removal of ever new emerging organic substances. At present, in Germany perfluorinated organic compounds are heavily discussed. When it comes to trace organics removal, reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) are alternatives to conventional bank filtrate treatment technologies like ozonation and activated carbon adsorption. However, the trace organics removal capabilities of dense membranes are still under investigation. Questions about concentrate disposal strategies are still open. The paper presents results from lab-scale and pilot studies which were conducted for the project planning of a 1,100 m3/h NF plant treating river Rhine bank filtrate. Membranes from loose NF to dense RO were investigated spiking the raw waters with trace organic substances which usually pass the soil passage and to some extent even the conventional treatment process. The results showed high retention capabilities of the more dense membranes, even under ageing conditions.

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Jekel, M., e S. Gruenheid. "Bank filtration and groundwater recharge for treatment of polluted surface waters". Water Supply 5, n.º 5 (1 de dezembro de 2005): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0039.

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Investigations on the behavior of different bulk organics and trace organic compounds at a bank filtration site at Lake Tegel in Berlin, Germany, and in a long retention soil column system are reported. The objective of the research was to assess important factors of influence for the degradation of bulk and trace organics. More than two years of monitoring for the bulk parameter DOC proved that the redox conditions significantly influence the DOC-degradation rates but not necessarily the residual concentration. LC-OCD measurements confirmed that the change in character is comparable for aerobic and anoxic/anaerobic infiltration. Only the fraction of polysaccharides shows a better removal under aerobic conditions. Furthermore, adsorbable organic iodine (AOI) measurements revealed a more efficient degradation of AOI and AOBr under anoxic/anaerobic conditions. The moznitoring of the single organic pollutants Iopromide, Sulfamethoxazole and naphthalenedisulfonic acids showed that the redox conditions have an influence on the degradation behavior of some of the monitored compounds. Iopromide was efficiently removed at all times, but no evidence for a dehalogenation under oxic conditions was found. Sulfamethoxazole showed a better removal under anoxic/anaerobic conditions. The very stable 1.5-naphthalenesulfonic acid was not removed under either redox condition.

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6

Bozkaya-Schrotter, B., C. Daines, A. S. Lescourret, A. Bignon, P. Breant e J. C. Schrotter. "Treatment of trace organics in membrane concentrates I: pesticide elimination". Water Supply 8, n.º 2 (1 de julho de 2008): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.056.

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The objective of this study was to eliminate organic micropollutants in the membrane system concentrates, which is produced by drinking water production plants, in order to protect existing water resources. This work is divided into two parts, pesticide elimination (I) and natural organic matter removal (II) in membrane system concentrates. Seven commonly detected pesticides in French surface waters, i.e. atrazine, sulcotrione, bentazone, isoproturon, diuron, glyphosate and acetochlore, were selected as the model micropollutants. Removal/degradation of these pesticides was studied by testing conventional processes employed for potable water production, i.e. adsorption, oxidation by ozone and clarification. Only partial removal of these pesticides was achieved with conventional processes. Removal of nonpolar pesticides was obtained by adsorption and rapid degradation of most of the pesticides was observed with low ozone dosages, except for atrazine and its metabolites. On the other hand, only the phosphonate-based pesticides were removed by clarification. By combining these processes, however, almost complete removal of the selected pesticides was achieved. Simultaneous ozonation and adsorption in the same reactor seems to be the most promising option for this study.

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Nghiem, Long D., Nichanan Tadkaew e Muttucumaru Sivakumar. "Removal of trace organic contaminants by submerged membrane bioreactors". Desalination 236, n.º 1-3 (janeiro de 2009): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.10.059.

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Xu, Dong Ying, e Xi Wu Lv. "The Research of Degradation about 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene by Microorganism on Different Experiment Condition". Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (maio de 2012): 666–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.666.

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Artificial media was used to enrich microbe and improve the water resource quality, therefore trace quantity organic pollutants of 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene were biodegraded. The result of the experiment showed that, after domestication, the micro association enriched in the assembled medium could remove corresponding trace quantity organic pollutants in some concentration. When the temperature was 30 degree centigrade, the pH was between 6 and 9, the effect was the best about the removal on trace-quantity-organic pollutants water. A strain of bacteria was separated．At the same time, the congener trace quantity organic pollutants could be biodegraded. When the HRT was 6 days, the removal of trace quantity organic pollutants was between 70%～95%. It is evident that the trace quantity organic pollutants of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in the source water quality from Meiliang Bay in Taihu Lake can be well degraded by enriched microbes on the artificial media.

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Xu, Dong-ying. "The Research of Degradation about 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene by the Artificial Media in Microbe Enrichment". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/739693.

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Artificial media were used to enrich microbe and improve the water resource quality; therefore trace quantity organic pollutants of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene were biodegraded. The result of the test showed that, after domestication, the microassociation enriched in the assembled medium could remove corresponding trace quantity organic pollutants in some concentration. When the temperature was 30 degree centigrade, and the pH was between 6 and 9, the effect about the removal on trace-quantity-organic pollutants water was the best. A strain of bacteria that could degrade 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene was separated, and its degradation mechanism to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene was studied. At the same time, the congener trace quantity organic pollutants could be biodegraded. Biofilm after domestication can effectively degrade a certain concentration range of three trichlorobenzenes and the removal effect of HRT = 7 d was better than the removal effect of HRT = 5 d. It is evident that the trace quantity organic pollutants of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in the source water quality from Meiliang Bay in Taihu Lake can be well degraded by enriched microbes on the artificial media.

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10

Boller, M. "Removal of Organic Matter by Physico-Chemical Mechanisms in Wastewater Treatment Plants". Water Science and Technology 27, n.º 11 (1 de junho de 1993): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0275.

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Solids separation, adsorption onto participates and volatilization are the main physico-chemical mechanisms responsible for the removal of organic matter in wastewater treatment plants. In addition, solids separation as well as adsorption performance may be enhanced by chemical flocculation/precipitation with hydrolyzing metal salts. With the help of particle size distributions and other characteristics of the particulates at different treatment stages, more insight can be gained into the interactions between paniculate properties and solids separation performance. Significant removal of trace organics is achieved by adsorption onto paniculate surfaces and stripping in aeration tanks. Examples illustrate the adsorption of the relatively large quantities of substances contained in detergents and reveal the effect on water and sludge quality. Octanol/water partition coefficients of trace organics may be used together with oxygen transfer characteristics to determine the potential of volatilization into the air. The effect of flocculants on paniculate and dissolved organics removal in wastewater treatment is illustrated when Fe-salts are dosed to raw sewage, to the biological stage or to tertiary filters.

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11

Shin, Doyun, Jinki Jeong, Byung-su Kim, Sadia Ilyas e Jae-chun Lee. "Lead Trace Removal from Waste Electronic Scraps by Organic Acids". MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 55, n.º 3 (2014): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2013330.

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12

Alturki, Abdulhakeem Ali, James A. McDonald, Stuart J. Khan, William E. Price, Long D. Nghiem e Menachem Elimelech. "Removal of trace organic contaminants by the forward osmosis process". Separation and Purification Technology 103 (janeiro de 2013): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2012.10.036.

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13

Zearley, Thomas L., e R. Scott Summers. "Removal of Trace Organic Micropollutants by Drinking Water Biological Filters". Environmental Science & Technology 46, n.º 17 (22 de agosto de 2012): 9412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es301428e.

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14

Sharma, S. K., C. M. Harun e G. Amy. "Framework for assessment of performance of soil aquifer treatment systems". Water Science and Technology 57, n.º 6 (1 de março de 2008): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.188.

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Removal of organic matter is a critical parameter in soil aquifer treatment (SAT) as it governs and influences the removal of other contaminants by biodegradation namely trace organics, nitrogen species and microbes. A framework for analysis and prediction of the performance of SAT systems with respect to removal of organic matter under different water quality and process conditions was developed based on an extensive literature review and data analysis. Guidelines were developed to make preliminary estimates of the removal of organic matter during SAT using primary, secondary and tertiary effluents from wastewater treatment plants. These guidelines can be used as a quick tool to analyze the performance of existing SAT systems and serve as a decision support tool for feasibility studies and to save time for further detailed experimentation and design of SAT systems. Furthermore, effects of soil type and redox conditions on organic matter removal during SAT were also analyzed.

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15

Gomez, Veronica, Katariina Majamaa, Eva Pocurull e Francesc Borrull. "Determination and occurrence of organic micropollutants in reverse osmosis treatment for advanced water reuse". Water Science and Technology 66, n.º 1 (1 de julho de 2012): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.166.

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The growing demand on water resources has increased the interest in wastewater reclamation for multiple end-use applications such as indirect and direct potable reuse. In these applications, the removal of organic micropollutants is of a greater concern than in conventional wastewater treatment. This article presents a collection of data of trace organic micropollutants in an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in North East Spain using reverse osmosis (RO) membrane treatment. The RO rejection values of the organic molecules studied with a wide range of solute size and hydrophobicity were determined. Several chromatographic methods monitoring different endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were used. Results indicated that secondary effluents from this Spanish WWTP contained most of the studied organic compounds indicating incomplete removal of organics in the conventional treatment of the plant. However, the rejection of most micropollutants was high for all three RO membrane types (low energy, high rejection, fouling resistant) tested. It was observed that some selected micropollutants were less efficiently removed (e.g. the small and polar and the more hydrophobic) and the molecular weight and membrane material influenced removal efficiencies.

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Haye, Jennifer M., Peter H. Santschi, Kimberly A. Roberts e Sammy Ray. "Protective Role of Alginic Acid Against Metal Uptake by American Oyster (Crassostrea virginica)". Environmental Chemistry 3, n.º 3 (2006): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06015.

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Environmental Context. Trace metals are both micronutrients and toxicants, depending on concentration, and in coastal waters they bind to natural organic matter including nanoparticles. The binding type affects trace metal bioavailability to bivalves such as oysters, which ingest metals through water and food particles. Bivalves are biomonitors because of the high trace metal concentrations, especially Cu and Zn, in their tissues. Here, the polysaccharide alginic acid is shown to protect against the assimilation and bioavailability of trace metals to American oysters. Abstract. Little is known about how colloidal macromolecular organic matter (COM) modifies the bioavailability of toxic metals to aquatic organisms. In order to understand the physical and chemical properties of COM on the bioavailability of some metals to estuarine bivalves used as biomonitors, American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were exposed to natural COMs and model acid polysaccharides (APS, alginic acid (AA), kappa carrageenan (CAR), and latex particles), and natural colloidal organic carbon (COC), tagged with either radioactive Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg or Zn, or 14C-labelled sugar OH groups. Filter-feeding oysters efficiently removed latex particles 0.04 µm in diameter, with removal half-times of 2.5–5.5 h, equivalent to a filtration rate of approximately 3 L day–1 g–1. Thus, AA protects against metal uptake by oysters, which is confirmed by metal dry-weight concentration factors (DCFs) similar to, or lower than, those for 14C-labelled AA. However, metal-DCFs for CAR and COC were higher than for 14C-labelled counterparts, suggesting that in these treatments, metal uptake was enhanced over that of carbon. The 14C-labelled AA was taken up significantly more than other 14C-labelled organics, suggesting different behavior in the digestive tract. Bioavailabilty of metals bound to organic nanoparticles with different nutritional and physiological properties is not fully understood, and will require further experiments.

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Zhang, Jing, Chao-Hua Xue, Hong-Rui Ma, Ya-Ru Ding e Shun-Tian Jia. "Fabrication of PAN Electrospun Nanofibers Modified by Tannin for Effective Removal of Trace Cr(III) in Organic Complex from Wastewater". Polymers 12, n.º 1 (15 de janeiro de 2020): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010210.

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Removal of chromium ions is significant due to their toxicity and harmfulness, however it is very difficult to remove trace Cr(III) complexed with organics because of their strong stability. Herein, a novel electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers (NF) adsorbent was fabricated and modified by tannic acid (TA) by a facile blend electrospinning approach for removal of trace Cr(III) in an organic complex. Utilizing the large specific area of nanofibers in the membrane and the good affinity of tannic acid on the nanofibers for hydrolyzed collagen by hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds, the as-prepared PAN–TA NFM exhibited good adsorption toward Cr(III)-collagen complexes and effective reduction of total organic carbon in tannage wastewater. The maximal adsorption capacity of Cr(III) is 79.48 mg g−1 which was obtained at the pH of 7.0 and initial Cr(III) concentration of 50 mg g−1. Importantly, the batch adsorption could decrease the Cr(III) concentration from 10–20 mg L−1 to under 1.5 mg L−1, which showed great application potential for the disposal of trace metal ions in organic complexes from wastewater.

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Perez, Brittani N., John R. Buchanan, Jennifer M. DeBruyn, Kelly Cobaugh e William E. Hart. "Removal of Ibuprofen, Naproxen, and Triclosan from Domestic Wastewater Using Recirculating Packed-Bed Media Filters". Transactions of the ASABE 60, n.º 5 (2017): 1593–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12176.

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Abstract. Trace organic compounds from pharmaceutical and personal care products are often not fully removed during wastewater treatment, resulting in discharge of these emerging pollutants to surface and groundwater. Fate and transformation of trace organics has primarily been investigated in larger activated sludge wastewater treatment facilities; almost no research has been done on passively aerated fixed-bed bio-filters that are used in decentralized facilities that serve smaller communities. Four laboratory-scale, packed-bed, recirculating-media filter systems were constructed to evaluate the removal of ibuprofen, naproxen, and triclosan. The media (or packed bed) provided support for the development of the fixed film and the needed porosity for air and water movement. Effluent from a local residential septic tank effluent gravity (STEG) system was used as the wastewater supply. This supply had greater than 100 ppb concentrations of ibuprofen, naproxen, and triclosan. Three of the media filters were spiked (nominal 0.1 ppm) with ibuprofen, naproxen, or triclosan to better represent the wastewater from a rural healthcare facility; the fourth media filter received wastewater as produced by the STEG system and served as a non-spiked control. Overall, the mean removal of ibuprofen, naproxen, and triclosan from the wastewater solution was 94%, 84%, and 83%, respectively. At the end of the study, samples of the fixed film were analyzed to discern whether removal was by sorption or biodegradation. It was determined that sorption of the three trace organic compounds into the biofilm accounted for only 0.12% of the ibuprofen, 0.20% of the naproxen, and 1.41% of the triclosan. These results indicate that biodegradation is the primary removal mechanism for these compounds. Keywords: Ibuprofen, Microbial degradation, Naproxen, PPCPs, Recirculating media filters, Triclosan.

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Li, Jiuyi, Lele Qin, Lei Zhao, Aimin Wang, Yong Chen, Liao Meng, Zhongguo Zhang, Xiujun Tian e Yanmei Zhou. "Removal of Refractory Organics from Biologically Treated Landfill Leachate by Microwave Discharge Electrodeless Lamp Assisted Fenton Process". International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/643708.

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Biologically treated leachate usually contains considerable amount of refractory organics and trace concentrations of xenobiotic pollutants. Removal of refractory organics from biologically treated landfill leachate by a novel microwave discharge electrodeless lamp (MDEL) assisted Fenton process was investigated in the present study in comparison to conventional Fenton and ultraviolet Fenton processes. Conventional Fenton and ultraviolet Fenton processes could substantially remove up to 70% of the refractory organics in a membrane bioreactor treated leachate. MDEL assisted Fenton process achieved excellent removal performance of the refractory components, and the effluent chemical oxygen demand concentration was lower than 100 mg L−1. Most organic matters were transformed into smaller compounds with molecular weights less than 1000 Da. Ten different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in the biologically treated leachate, most of which were effectively removed by MDEL-Fenton treatment. MDEL-Fenton process provides powerful capability in degradation of refractory and xenobiotic organic pollutants in landfill leachate and could be adopted as a single-stage polishing process for biologically treated landfill leachate to meet the stringent discharge limit.

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Chua, H. "Effects of trace chromium on organic adsorption capacity and organic removal in activated sludge". Science of The Total Environment 214, n.º 1-3 (junho de 1998): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00077-1.

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Kim, S., J. H. Kim, T. B. Yoon, C. H. Lee, H. H. Kwon e D. J. Lim. "Removal of trace organic pollutants and removal mechanisms using catalyst-immobilized resin/ultrafiltration hybrid system". Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 59, n.º 2-3 (março de 2010): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2010.039.

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Inyang, Mandu, Riley Flowers, Marco Velarde, Drew McAvoy e Eric Dickenson. "Biotransformation of Trace Organic Contaminants in Biological Nutrient Removal Treatment Systems". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2014, n.º 16 (1 de outubro de 2014): 5328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864714815940794.

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LM, Narasimman, Brett Vanderford, Pablo Campo, Eric Dickenson e Drew McAvoy. "Biotransformation of Trace Organic Compounds in Biological Nutrient Removal Treatment Systems". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2016, n.º 7 (1 de janeiro de 2016): 3199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864716819714627.

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Xie, M., L. D. Nghiem e W. E. Price. "Removal Mechanisms of Trace Organic Contaminants in Osmotically Driven Membrane Process". Procedia Engineering 44 (2012): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.383.

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Wang, Heming, Dean Heil, Zhiyong Jason Ren e Pei Xu. "Removal and fate of trace organic compounds in microbial fuel cells". Chemosphere 125 (abril de 2015): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.048.

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GANTZER, C., H. KOLLIG, B. RITTMANN e D. LEWIS. "Predicting the rate of trace-organic compound removal by natural biofilms". Water Research 22, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 1988): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(88)90078-4.

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de la Torre, T., E. Alonso, J. L. Santos, C. Rodríguez, M. A. Gómez e J. J. Malfeito. "Trace organics removal using three membrane bioreactor configurations: MBR, IFAS-MBR and MBMBR". Water Science and Technology 71, n.º 5 (23 de janeiro de 2015): 761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.028.

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Seventeen pharmaceutically active compounds and 22 other trace organic pollutants were analysed regularly in the influent and permeate from a semi-real plant treating municipal wastewater. The plant was operated during 29 months with different configurations which basically differed in the type of biomass present in the system. These processes were the integrated fixed-film activated sludge membrane bioreactor (IFAS-MBR), which combined suspended and attached biomass, the moving bed membrane bioreactor (MBMBR) (only attached biomass) and the MBR (only suspended biomass). Moreover, removal rates were compared to those of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operating nearby with conventional activated sludge treatment. Reverse osmosis (RO) was used after the pilot plant to improve removal rates. The highest elimination was found for the IFAS-MBR, especially for hormones (100% removal); this was attributed to the presence of biofilm, which may lead to different conditions (aerobic–anoxic–anaerobic) along its profile, which increases the degradation possibilities, and also to a higher sludge age of the biofilm, which allows complete acclimation to the contaminants. Operating conditions played an important role, high mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and sludge retention time (SRT) being necessary to achieve these high removal rates. Although pharmaceuticals and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates showed high removal rates (65–100%), nonylphenols and phthalate could only be removed to 10–30%. RO significantly increased removal rates to 88% mean removal rate.

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Hussein, Haytham E. M., Andrew D. Ray e Julie V. Macpherson. "Switching on palladium catalyst electrochemical removal from a palladium acetate–acetonitrile system via trace water addition". Green Chemistry 21, n.º 17 (2019): 4662–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc02258a.

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Yang, Shufan, Faisal I. Hai, Long D. Nghiem, Felicity Roddick e William E. Price. "Removal of trace organic contaminants by nitrifying activated sludge and whole-cell and crude enzyme extract of Trametes versicolor". Water Science and Technology 67, n.º 6 (1 de março de 2013): 1216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.684.

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The resistance of certain anthropogenic trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) to conventional wastewater treatment and their potential adverse effects on human and ecological health raise significant concerns and have prompted research on their bioremediation by white-rot fungi. This study compared the removal efficiencies of four widespread TrOCs: carbamazepine (CBZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), bisphenol A (BPA) and diclofenac (DCF), by nitrifying activated sludge as well as whole-cell and extracellular enzyme (laccase) extract of the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Fungal whole-cell culture removed only BPA and DCF but with high efficiencies (>90%) while the mixed nitrifying culture removed all compounds, although by levels of only 5–40%. Rapid initial sorption on fungal mycelium (44 ± 13% for DCF) was observed; however, biodegradation governed the overall removal. Performance comparison between fungal whole-cell and extracellular extract revealed that, unlike BPA, a catalytic pathway independent of extracellular laccase was responsible for DCF removal. Addition of mediator (1-hydroxybenzotriazole) to extracellular extract improved the removal of SMX which bears an electron donor group, but not that of the resistant compound CBZ.

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Melcer, H., e S. G. Nutt. "The Application of Predenitrification Nitrification Technology for Trace Contaminant Control". Water Science and Technology 17, n.º 2-3 (1 de fevereiro de 1985): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0146.

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Predenitrification nitrification (PDN) technology was applied in two stage anoxic-aerobic systems treating coke plant wastewaters and coal liquefaction process condensates. Both activated sludge and biological fluidized bed modes of operation were investigated for their potential to remove ammonia, phenol, thiocyanate, cyanide and a wide range of trace organic contaminants. It was demonstrated that during nitrification of these complex wastewaters, simultaneous removal of most of the conventional and trace organic contaminants was achieved. Specifically, of the base/neutral extractable organic compounds, only di-n-butyl phthalate was consistently found in treated effluent samples at greater than trace levels (0.01 mg/l). It appears that trace organic contaminant control in complex industrial wastewaters can be achieved by the application of PDN technology.

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Ulrich, Bridget A., Megan Loehnert e Christopher P. Higgins. "Improved contaminant removal in vegetated stormwater biofilters amended with biochar". Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 3, n.º 4 (2017): 726–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ew00070g.

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The potential for carbonaceous sorbents to improve contaminant removal (particularly for trace organic contaminants, TOrCs) in stormwater biofilters was evaluated in intermittently dosed, vegetated columns simulating scaled-down treatment systems.

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Lee, Hyeonho, Sung-Ju Im, Yoogon Kim, Gwanghee Lee e Am Jang. "Effects of microplastics on the removal of trace organic compounds during ozonation: Oxidation and adsorption of trace organic compounds and byproducts". Environmental Pollution 280 (julho de 2021): 116878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116878.

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Gui, Qilin, Jinxing Zhang, Kexing Hu, Qi Ouyang, Shuxian Shi e Xiaonong Chen. "Hydrogen bonding-induced hydrophobic assembly yields strong affinity of an adsorptive membrane for ultrafast removal of trace organic micropollutants from water". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, n.º 32 (2020): 16487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta05469k.

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Asakawa, Takeo, e Keizo Ogino. "Removal of Trace Organic Compounds in Water by Surface-modified Carbon Adsorbents". TANSO 1985, n.º 123 (1985): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7209/tanso.1985.143.

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ASAKAWA, Takeo, Yukihiro KANEKO e Keizo OGINO. "Removal of Trace Amount of Multicomponent Organic Compounds Dissolved in Water. II." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 35, n.º 5 (1986): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.35.367.

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Helmig, Detlev. "Ozone removal techniques in the sampling of atmospheric volatile organic trace gases". Atmospheric Environment 31, n.º 21 (novembro de 1997): 3635–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00144-1.

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Munz, Christoph, Jean-Louis Walther, Günther Baldauf, Markus Boller e Ralph Bland. "Evaluating Layered Upflow Carbon Adsorption for the Removal of Trace Organic Contaminants". Journal - American Water Works Association 82, n.º 3 (março de 1990): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1990.tb06937.x.

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Burke, Victoria, Laura Schneider, Janek Greskowiak, Patricia Baar, Alexander Sperlich, Uwe Dünnbier e Gudrun Massmann. "Trace Organic Removal during River Bank Filtration for Two Types of Sediment". Water 10, n.º 12 (26 de novembro de 2018): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121736.

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The process of bank filtration acts as a barrier against many anthropogenic micropollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and industrial products, leading to a substantial improvement of groundwater quality. The performance of this barrier is, however, affected by seasonal influences and subject to significant temporal changes, which have already been described in the literature. Much less is known about spatial differences when considering one field site. In order to investigate this issue, two undisturbed cores from a well-investigated bank filtration field site were sampled and operated in the course of a column study. The ultimate aim was the identification and quantification of heterogeneities with regard to the biodegradation of 14 wastewater derived micropollutants, amongst others acesulfame, gabapentin, metoprolol, oxypurinol, candesartan, and olmesartan. While six of the compounds entirely persisted, eight compounds were prone to degradation. For those compounds that were subject to degradation, degradation rate constants ranged between 0.2 day−1 (gabapentin) and 31 day−1 (valsartan acid). Further, the rate constants consistently diverged between the distinct cores. In case of the gabapentin metabolite gabapentin-lactam, observed removal rate constants differed by a factor of six between the cores. Experimental data were compared to values calculated according to two structure based prediction models.

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Wang, Y. H., J. L. Zhu, C. G. Zhao e J. C. Zhang. "Removal of trace organic compounds from wastewater by ultrasonic enhancement on adsorption". Desalination 186, n.º 1-3 (dezembro de 2005): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.04.058.

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Nguyen, Luong N., Faisal I. Hai, Jinguo Kang, William E. Price e Long D. Nghiem. "Removal of emerging trace organic contaminants by MBR-based hybrid treatment processes". International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 85 (novembro de 2013): 474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.03.014.

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Müller, Johann, Jörg E. Drewes e Uwe Hübner. "Investigating synergies in sequential biofiltration-based hybrid systems for the enhanced removal of trace organic chemicals from wastewater treatment plant effluents". Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 5, n.º 8 (2019): 1423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ew00181f.

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Fujioka, Takahiro, Hitoshi Kodamatani, Haruka Takeuchi, Hiroaki Tanaka e Long D. Nghiem. "Online monitoring of N-nitrosodimethylamine for the removal assurance of 1,4-dioxane and other trace organic compounds by reverse osmosis". Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 4, n.º 12 (2018): 2021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ew00271a.

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Rutere, Cyrus, Malte Posselt e Marcus A. Horn. "Fate of Trace Organic Compounds in Hyporheic Zone Sediments of Contrasting Organic Carbon Content and Impact on the Microbiome". Water 12, n.º 12 (15 de dezembro de 2020): 3518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123518.

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The organic carbon in streambed sediments drives multiple biogeochemical reactions, including the attenuation of organic micropollutants. An attenuation assay using sediment microcosms differing in the initial total organic carbon (TOC) revealed higher microbiome and sorption associated removal efficiencies of trace organic compounds (TrOCs) in the high-TOC compared to the low-TOC sediments. Overall, the combined microbial and sorption associated removal efficiencies of the micropollutants were generally higher than by sorption alone for all compounds tested except propranolol whose removal efficiency was similar via both mechanisms. Quantitative real-time PCR and time-resolved 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that higher bacterial abundance and diversity in the high-TOC sediments correlated with higher microbial removal efficiencies of most TrOCs. The bacterial community in the high-TOC sediment samples remained relatively stable against the stressor effects of TrOC amendment compared to the low-TOC sediment community that was characterized by a decline in the relative abundance of most phyla except Proteobacteria. Bacterial genera that were significantly more abundant in amended relative to unamended sediment samples and thus associated with biodegradation of the TrOCs included Xanthobacter, Hyphomicrobium, Novosphingobium, Reyranella and Terrimonas. The collective results indicated that the TOC content influences the microbial community dynamics and associated biotransformation of TrOCs as well as the sorption potential of the hyporheic zone sediments.

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Feng, Hai Gang, He Li Wang e Liu Xin Jing. "Mixture of Walnut Shell and Sand Used to Nitrate Removal in Groundwater". Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (outubro de 2011): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.459.

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The excess nitrate in groundwater could be removed by heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria, though often limited by scarce carbon source present. Denitrification in two columns filled with walnut shell and its mixture with silica sand was studied. Both media showed high nitrate removal (>90%) with trace amounts of nitrite left over. The nitrate removal rates of two columns, 0.039±0.003, 0.029±0.003 g N L-1d-1, respectively, were zero order (r2=0.9181, 0.9998 for each column) in kinetics, which demonstrated a low C/N ratio herein. Despite of the implication that denitrification was carbon-limited, the organic matter residue in both columns, especially in pure walnut shell, were still problematic. The mixture media was suggested as potential PRB media for its satisfactory nitrate removal and relatively low COD residue; though we believed these hardly degradable organic residues require more study.

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Maeng, Sung Kyu, Ji Won Park, Jin Hyung Noh, Se-Yeon Won e Kyung Guen Song. "Dissolved organic matter characteristics and removal of trace organic contaminants in a multi-soil-layering system". Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, n.º 4 (agosto de 2021): 105446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105446.

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Feng, Shanshan, Fang Ma, Renfa Liu, Shouzhu Li, Xiaoda Li, Yushen Jin, Guanglei Fu e Xiuli Yue. "Highly efficient removal of trace level dieldrin from water resources utilizing a cerasomal strategy". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, n.º 26 (2016): 10263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta00969g.

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In this work, a novel cerasomal removal strategy for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from water resources is proposed for the first time using the synchronous cerasome-forming process of an organic–inorganic composite lipid to capture and remove POPs.

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Storck, Florian R., Carsten K. Schmidt, Richard Wülser e Heinz-Jürgen Brauch. "Effects of boundary conditions on the cleaning efficiency of riverbank filtration and artificial groundwater recharge systems regarding bulk parameters and trace pollutants". Water Science and Technology 66, n.º 1 (1 de julho de 2012): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.150.

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Drinking water is often produced from surface water by riverbank filtration (RBF) or artificial groundwater recharge (AGR). In this study, an AGR system was exemplarily investigated and results were compared with those of RBF systems, in which the effects of redox milieu, temperature and surface water discharge on the cleaning efficiency were evaluated. Besides bulk parameters such as DOC (dissolved organic carbon), organic trace pollutants including iodinated X-ray contrast media, personal care products, complexing agents, and pharmaceuticals were investigated. At all studied sites, levels of TOC (total organic carbon), DOC, AOX (adsorbable organic halides), SAC (spectral absorption coefficient at 254 nm), and turbidity were reduced significantly. DOC removal was stimulated at higher groundwater temperatures during AGR. Several substances were generally easily removable during both AGR and RBF, regardless of the site, season, discharge or redox regime. For some more refractory substances, however, removal efficiency turned out to be significantly influenced by redox conditions.

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Guo, Eric, Crystal Wang, Sandy Qian, Mars Wang, Harry Zhang, Keanu Wu, Jian Shen, Wei Jiang e Fei Xu. "Ultra-Trace Sulfate Ion Removal on Photomasks for Haze Reduction". Solid State Phenomena 255 (setembro de 2016): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.255.361.

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Sulfuric Peroxide Mixture (SPM) showed excellent cleaning efficiency for organic contamination as well as metal or metal oxide particles on photomask surface. In order to reduce haze formation during litho process for ArF photomask, it is necessary to remove any ion sources on photomask, such as sulfate ion, ammonium ion, etc. In this paper we reported a new cleaning method, treating photomask with 172nm UV followed by hot DI rinse, reduces residual sulfate ion in MoSiNxOy surface and quartz surface by 50% and 80% respectively comparing to traditional cleaning process. We believe that this new process has the potential to greatly alleviate the haze issue caused by sulfate ion and helps increase the lifetime of photomasks

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Pritchard, James, Yeo-Myoung Cho, Negin Ashoori, Jordyn Wolfand, Jeff Sutton, Margaret Carolan, Eduardo Gamez, Khoa Doan, Joshua Wiley e Richard Luthy. "Benzotriazole Uptake and Removal in Vegetated Biofilter Mesocosms Planted with Carex praegracilis". Water 10, n.º 11 (8 de novembro de 2018): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111605.

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Urban stormwater runoff is a significant source of pollutants in surface water bodies. One such pollutant, 1H-benzotriazole, is a persistent, recalcitrant trace organic contaminant commonly used as a corrosion inhibitor in airplane deicing processes, automobile liquids, and engine coolants. This study explored the removal of 1H-benzotriazole from stormwater using bench-scale biofilter mesocosms planted with California native sedge, Carex praegracilis, over a series of three storm events and succeeding monitoring period. Benzotriazole metabolites glycosylated benzotriazole and benzotriazole alanine were detected and benzotriazole and glycosylated benzotriazole partitioning in the system were quantified. With a treatment length of seven days, 97.1% of benzotriazole was removed from stormwater effluent from vegetated biofilter mesocosms. Significant concentrations of benzotriazole and glycosylated benzotriazole were observed in the C. praegracilis leaf and root tissue. Additionally, a significant missing sink of benzotriazole developed in the vegetated biofilter mesocosms. This study suggests that vegetation may increase the operating lifespan of bioretention basins by enhancing the degradation of dissolved trace organic contaminants, thus increasing the sorption capacity of the geomedia.

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Chung, Youngkun, Mi-Young Lee, Hosik Park, You-In Park, Seung-Eun Nam, Pyung Soo Lee, Yu Sik Hwang e Seoktae Kang. "Novel preparation of ceramic nanofiltration membrane for the removal of trace organic compounds". DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 101 (2018): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.21642.

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