Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Transverse tubules"

Abstract The function of skeletal muscle is to generate force and produce movement. These tasks are carried out by long multinucleated cells, the skeletal myofibres. The membrane system and the cytoskeleton of these cells are uniquely organized to respond rapidly to neuronal stimuli and to achieve efficient contraction. In the present study the organization and distribution of selected protein/lipid based microdomains that reside in the plasma membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum of isolated rat skeletal myofibres, were investigated. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channels are arranged as higher order oligomers of several sizes in the sarcolemma and in the T tubules. These oligomers, however, were absent from many specialized micro- and- macrodomains. The distribution of AQP4 coincided with that of a highly organized protein assembly, the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC), in the sarcolemma. A chimaeric venus-AQP4 was equally mobile in the T tubules and sarcolemma, but the anchoring mechanisms of the protein appeared to be different. In contrast to AQP4, the proteins resident in cholesterol and sphingolipid-based microdomains, known as rafts, also occupied DGC deficient areas, which surround the T tubule openings. Indeed, flotillin-1 rafts were located in the neck portions of the T tubules. The rafts defined by the influenza haemagglutinin (HA) also resided in DGC deficient areas, but at the borders of the DGC area. Importantly, of the raft proteins, only the localization of caveolin 3 (CAV3) was dependent on the cholesterol enriched lipid environment, as evidenced by cholesterol depletion experiments and localization studies on a non-raft associated variant of HA. The organization and distribution of membrane associated rough ER (RER) proteins were also analysed. Biochemical detergent extraction analyses and immunofluorescence staining indicated that the ER proteins were assembled as microdomains within the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The microdomains were distributed throughout the SR network and they were capable of protein translocation. Taken together, skeletal myofibres comprise visually distinct microdomains both in the plasma membrane and in the SR. In the plasma membrane, different types of microdomains are not homogenously distributed and function in diverse locations. This may have important physiological implications concerning, among other things, local regulation of ion concentrations and cell signalling cascades. Different constraints ranging from protein-protein interactions to the surrounding lipid environment are important for dictating the observed distribution patterns
Tiivistelmä Luustolihaksen toimintojen perustana ovat supistumiskykyiset lihassolut, joiden kalvorakenne on järjestynyt erityisellä tavalla ohjaamaan supistusta. Tässä tutkimuksessa analysoitiin proteiini- ja lipidiperustaisten mikroalueiden järjestäytymistä ja tähän vaikuttavia tekijöitä luustolihassolun solukalvolla sekä lihassolun sisäisessä kalvojärjestelmässä, sarkoplasmisessa verkossa (SR). Ensin analysoitiin vesikanavatyyppiä 4 (AQP4), joka oligomerisoituessaan muodostaa erikokoisia mikroalueita. Havaittiin, että AQP4-mikroalueita esiintyy kaikkialla solukalvolla lukuun ottamatta eräitä erilaistuneita mikro- ja makroalueita. AQP4-oligomeerien jakauma solukalvon lateraalisessa osassa, sarkolemmalla, noudatti dystrofiini-glykoproteiinikompleksin jakaumaa. Fluoresoivan venus-AQP4-proteiinin avulla osoitettiin, että proteiinin liikkuvuus oli samanlainen solun sisään ulottuvissa poikkiputkistoissa ja sarkolemmalla, mutta liikkuvuutta rajoittavat tekijät olivat erilaisia näissä solukalvon osissa. Toiseksi analysoitiin kolesteroli- ja sfingolipidipitoisia mikroalueita, kalvolauttoja. Flotilliini-1- ja influenssaviruksen hemagglutiniini (HA) -proteiinia sisältäviä lauttoja esiintyi vain poikkiputkien suuaukkojen alueella, mutta lauttojen jakauma oli erilainen. Lauttojen lipidiympäristöllä ei ollut vaikutusta proteiinien sijaintiin. Tämä osoitettiin kolesterolin poistokokeilla sekä kokeilla, joissa käytettiin mutatoitua HA-proteiinia, joka ei hakeudu kolesteroliympäristöön. Kaveoliini-3-proteiinin sijainti poikkeaa edellä mainituista, ja kolesterolin poisto vaikutti merkittävästi sijainnin määräytymiseen. Kolmanneksi analysoitiin, miten karkean endoplasmakalvoston proteiinit ovat järjestäytyneet SR:ssä. Havaittiin, että endoplasmiset kalvoproteiinit eivät ole homogeenisesti levittäytyneet SR-kalvostoon vaan muodostavat pieniä mikroalueita. Detergenttiuuttoanalyysit osoittivat lisäksi, että näissä mikroalueissa on erilainen lipidikoostumus kuin SR:ssä yleensä. Huomattavaa oli myös, että mikroalueet olivat toiminnallisia kaikkialla SR-kalvostossa. Tulosten perusteella luustolihassolujen kalvojärjestelmä sisältää mikroalueita, joiden jakautuminen vaikuttaa hyvin organisoituneelta. Erityisesti solukalvon mikroalueet esiintyvät tietyillä spesifeillä alueilla, joissa niiden voidaan olettaa toimivan mm. erilaisissa solusignalointitapahtumissa ja paikallisessa ionipitoisuuksien säätelyssä. Eräissä tapauksissa lipidiympäristöllä on merkitystä mikroalueiden sijainnin määräytymisessä, mutta proteiinien sitoutuminen solukalvo- tai solukalvon alaisiin rakenteisiin saattaa myös olla määräävä tekijä

Chronic mechanical load variation triggers a wide range of responses in the heart, a part of which includes cellular remodelling. Over the past 15 years, evidence has amassed that a part of this remodelling process involves changes to a sophisticated structure in the cell membrane, called the transverse (t)-tubule system. The t-tubules are a series of regular membrane invaginations, which contain a high density of ion channels responsible for local Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release (CICR). This thesis addresses the question of whether the t-tubule system can be said to be specifically load sensitive, the nature of that load sensitivity and its molecular regulators. Using surgical models, the influence of mechanical load variation of different durations, degrees and settings are studied. Local CICR and t-tubule structure are investigated. First, it was found that prolonged mechanical unloading induces subtle changes to the t-tubule system, which functionally uncouples the Ryanodine receptors (RyR) and L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC) and induces a loss of whole cell Ca2+ release synchrony. Second, heart failure was found to be associated with loss of t-tubule structure and Ca2+ handling abnormalities. Following mechanical unloading, the t-tubule system recovered with enhanced LTCC-RyR uncoupling, resulting in improved Ca2+ handling. Third, the t-tubules were found to be unchanged initially during graded mechanical load variation. Prolonged myocardial unloading or overloading impaired t-tubule structure, with loss of normal CICR. Telethonin (Tcap), a member of the cardiomyocyte stretch sensing complex, is a candidate regulator of the t-tubules. In a Tcap knock-out (KO), cardiomyocytes show a primary t-tubule defect, which becomes more pronounced following mechanical overload. These results support the notion that the t-tubule system is dynamically regulated by mechanical overload and unloading, via a molecular pathway including Tcap.

This PhD thesis is devoted to contributing to the existing knowledge of FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymer) strengthened metallic structural members subjected to dynamic impacts. The outcome of this research will be beneficial to design structures for mitigating damage and failure due to lateral impact forces from transportation accidents, explosive attacks or from flying debris. A new series of laboratory tests results along with computer based structural analyses are presented to understand the effectiveness of FRP strengthening of tubular structural members. FRP strengthening found to be a promising sustainable option for minimising structural damage and human casualty due to impact loads.

Recent studies suggest that cardiomyocyte membrane microdomains, caveolae and transverse tubules, play a key role in cardiac arrhythmia. Mutation of caveolin-encoding genes CAV3, co-expressed with genes of caveolae ion channels, leads to a late persistent sodium currents and delayed repolarization stage, called LQT9 disease. A simplified three-current model is created to largely reduce the well-known Pandit rat ventricular myocyte model. The mathematical tractability of the three-current model allows us to conduct asymptotic analysis and efficiently estimate action potential duration. Improvement in the description of the mechanism for caveolae sodium current is incorporated into the three-current model utilizing a probability density approach for the four-state caveolae neck-channel coupling. The prolongation of action potentials and the formation of potential arrhythmia are shown to arise if caveolae neck open probability varies. A minimal model of the Ca2+ spatial distribution of CICR units illustrates the transverse tubule remodeling in failing myocyte causes dysfunction in the Ca2+ profile. With regards to discrimination of protein localization, which is widely used in biological experiments, the bagging pruned decision tree algorithm is tested to be one of the algorithms with best performance on the large data set, and it succeeds in extracting information to be highly predictive on test data. Parallel computation technique is applied to accelerate the speed of implementation in K-nearest neighbor learning algorithms on big data sets.

Hundreds of thousands of vascular bypass grafts are implanted in the United States every year, but there has yet to be an ideal graft material to substitute for one’s own autologous vessel. Many synthetic materials have been shown to be successful vessel replacements; however, none have been proven to exhibit the same mechanical properties as native vessels, one of the most important criteria in selecting a vascular graft material. Part of this issue is due to the fact that, currently, there is no “gold standard” for testing the longitudinal and transverse tensile properties of small diameter tubular materials. While there are ASTM and ISO standards that suggest ways to test tubes in their original form, many researchers have published tensile strength data based on cutting the tube and testing it as a flat sample. Thus, it was the aim of this thesis to understand, establish, and implement accurate tensile testing methods of small diameter polymers in their original, tubular state on Cal Poly’s campus. Two test fixtures were created based on specified design criteria in order to test materials in their tubular form in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Both fixtures were successful in testing PLGA and ePTFE samples, and statistical data was gathered for the transverse test fixture. The new transverse test fixture was tested against the current method of testing, and a significant (α = 0.05) difference between methods was established for ultimate tensile strength. This analysis, however, cannot determine which test method is more accurate, thus more extensive testing is required to verify the design of both fixtures. By developing a method for testing small diameter polymers in tubular form on Cal Poly’s campus, it allows for more testing of various small diameter tubes and more comparative data to validate each design. It also demonstrates a need for a more detailed and widespread standardization of testing for small diameter tubes, especially in vascular substitute applications where the ideal vessel replacement has yet to be found.

Os resultados de uma simulação numérica são apresentados para amplitudes de vibração induzidas por um escoamento transversal num feixe tubular no regime de instabilidade fluidelástica.O feixe tubular considerado tem geometria e características iguais às de uma instalação equivalente descrita na literatura, para a qual estão disponíveis as medições experimentais das amplitudes de vibração no regime de instabilidade elástica.O arranjo tipo triângulo rodado tem uma relação passo/diâmetro de 1,375 e consiste de um tubo móvel cercado por 134 tubos rígidos.A simulação numérica foi efetuada através de um software comercial de CFD (Computational Fluid dynamics).Para a região em torno de cada tubo foi considerada uma malha com dimensões do elemento crescendo geometricamente na direção normal ao tubo com fator de crescimento 1,13 , sendo a dimensão do elemento adjacente ao tubo igual a 0,1% do diâmetro externo do tubo.Na simulação numérica o escoamento foi considerado incompressível, monofásico, turbulento e bidimensional. Os dados do escoamento foram considerados idênticos aos das experiências da instalação descrita na literatura.Os resultados obtidos para as amplitudes pela simulação numérica são comparados com os resultados obtidos experimentalmente na instalação acima citada.Os desvios da maioria dos valores calculados em relação aos valores experimentais estão numa faixa aceitável. Isto mostra que existe a possibilidade de utilização, num futuro próximo, de CFD para análise deste tipo de problemas.
Results from a numerical simulation are reported for amplitudes of cross-flow induced vibrations at the fluid elastic instability regime in a tube bank. The tube bank has identical geometry and characteristics as for an experimental facility described in the literature, for which there are experimental measurements of the amplitudes of vibrations at the fluid elastic instability regime.The rotated triangular array has a pitch ratio of 1.375 and consists of 1 movable tube surrounded by 134 rigid tubes. The numerical simulations were accomplished with a commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software. For the region around each tube, a mesh with elements dimensions growing geometrically normal to the tube was considered, with growing factor 1.13, and the dimension for the element adjacent to the tube wall was set to 0.1% of the tube external diameter. The flow was considered incompressible, monophasic, turbulent and two-dimensional for the numerical simulation. The flow data considered were the same as for the experiments at the facility. The results presented in this paper for the amplitudes obtained by numerical simulation are compared with the experimental results obtained in the above mentioned experimental facility.The differences between the calculated values and the experimental values are acceptable. This show that in the near future there is the possibility to use CFD for these kind of problems.

Constantly growing need for oil, all over the world, has caused oil price to rise rapidly during the last decade. High oil prices have made fuel economy as one of the most important factors when consumers are buying their cars today. Realizing this, many car manufacturers have developed or are looking for some alternative solutions in order to decrease fuel consumption. Combining two different technologies in a vehicle, the so called hybrid vehicle, can be seen as the first step toward a better and more sustainable development. There are several different solutions for hybrid vehicles today, among the best known are the Serie Electric Hybrid Vehicle (SEHV), the Parallel Electric Hybrid Vehicle (PEHV) and the Serie-Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle (SPEHV). By integrating a combustion engine with a linear electric machine into one unit, a system that is called Free Piston Energy Converter (FPEC) is achieved. The FPEC is suitable for use in a SEHV. Other application areas like stand alone generator are also possible. In this report a novel Transverse Flux Machine (TFM) with a tubular cross section of the translator has been investigated. Application of the machine in a FPEC has put tough requirement on the translator weight, specific power and force density. Different configurations of the winding arrangements as well as the magne tarrangement have been investigated. It has been concluded that the buried magnet design suffers from high leakage flux and is thus not asuitable TFM concept. Instead the surface mounted magnet design has been chosen for further investigation. An analytical model has been developed and a prototype machine has been built based on the analytical results. In order to have a better understanding of the machine characteristic a 3D-FEM analysis has been performed. The results from the analytical model, FEM model and measurements are analyzed and compared. The comparison between the measured and FEM-simulated results shows very good agreement. Furthermore, the results from the analytical model indicates that it can be successfully developed for further analysis and optimization of the design to give a cost-effective solution of the novel generato for mass production.
Det ständigt växande behovet av oljan runt om i världen, har fått oljepriset att stiga snabbt under det senaste decenniet. Detta har gjort bränsleekonomin till en av de viktigaste faktorer när konsumenterna väljer sina bilar i dag. Många biltillverkare har därför utvecklat eller söker efter alternativa lösningar till dagens förbränningsmotorer i hopp om att minska bränsleförbrukningen. Ett hybridfordon, ett fordon som är försedd med fler än en energiomvandlare, kan ses som ett första steg mot en bättre och mer hållbar utveckling. Det finns flera olika lösningar för hybridfordon i dag, bland de mest kända är Seriehybrid, Parallellhybrid och Serie-Parallelhybridfordon. Genom att integrera en förbränningsmotor med en linjär elektriskmaskin, erhålls ett system som kallas Frikolvsenergiomvandlare. Dennna typ av energiomvandlare lämpar sig bäst för användning i en seriehybridfordon, men andra användningsområden som fristående generator är också möjliga. I denna avhandling har en ny typ av Transversalflödesmaskin (TFM) med en cirkulärt tvärsnitt undersökts. Tillämpningen av maskinen i en Frikolvsenergiomvandlare har medfört tuffa krav på translatorvikten, specifikeffekten och kraftdensiteten. Olika lindnings- och magnetkonfiguratationer har undersökts. Forskningen har visat att designen med begravdamagneter lider av stort läckflöde och är därför inte lämplig för det nya TFM koncept. Istället har designen med ytmonterade magneter valts för vidare undersökning. En analytisk modell har utvecklats och en prototyp maskin har byggts med utgångspunkt i analysresultaten. För att få en bättre förståelse avmaskinkarakteristiken har en 3D-FEM modell tagits fram och analyserats. Resultaten från den analytiska modellen, FEM modellen och mätningar har analyserats och jämförts. Överensstämmelsen mellan de simulerade och de uppmätta resultaten är mycket bra. Dessutom, resultaten från den analytiska modellen visar på att modellen kan framgångsrikt användas för fortsatt analys och optimering av maskinen för att ge en kostnadseffektivlösning för masstillverkning.
QC 20101102

Analyses dynamiques non-linéaires pour la prédiction des risques vibratoires et d'usure des faisceaux de tubes, et tenant compte du fait que les appuis présentent des variations par rapport aux conditions nominales. Méthodologie permettant l'analyse globale du comportement dynamique non-linéaire des tubes. Simulation des sources d'excitation par l'écoulement. Application aux centrales nucléaires.

Fatty acid (FA) transport proteins are important regulators of FA uptake at the cell surface and the mitochondria where they are oxidized. Tight regulation of this process is necessary in order to meet metabolic requirements, while preventing excess lipid accumulation. In an obese state, there is an increase in FA uptake and increased storage of lipids in skeletal muscle, including diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramides, which interfere with insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Leptin administration has been shown to reduce muscle triacylglycerol accumulation and restore insulin response in obese rodents. However, it is not known whether this is mediated through a redistribution of the FA transport proteins to the cell surface and mitochondria. In addition to hyperglycemia, post-prandial lipidemia is also observed in the obese state, suggesting a resistance to insulin-stimulated FA uptake. The possibility that insulin-stimulated FA transporter translocation is impaired has received little attention. Lastly, while recent studies have demonstrated that the transverse (t)-tubules may be an important site for glucose uptake in muscle, this has not yet been examined with regards to the FA transporters. In the first study of this thesis, the recovery of insulin response with short-term (2 week) chronic leptin administration in high-fat fed rats was associated with a decrease in muscle reactive lipid species (DAG, ceramide) and an increase in markers of oxidative capacity. Contrary to our expectations, this was not mirrored by an alteration in the distribution of FA transport proteins (FAT/CD36 or FABPpm) at the sarcolemma or the two major mitochondrial populations. To gain further insight into FA transporters and their localization at the cell surface, the second study of this thesis analyzed both the sarcolemma and t-tubules (constitute 40 and 60% of the cell surface, respectively). The novel observation was made that the t-tubules contain FA transport proteins (FAT/CD36, FABPpm, FATP1 and FATP4), and that the distribution and response of these transporters to acute metabolic stimuli (insulin and muscle contraction) was unique from that of the sarcolemma. The third study of this thesis characterized the translocation of FA transport proteins in response to insulin in the obese, insulin resistant Zucker rat. FA transport proteins were chronically increased on both membrane fractions in muscle from the obese rats. Furthermore, a blunting of the insulin-induced translocation of FA transporters to both cell surface domains was observed, demonstrating that insulin resistance extends to the movement of FA as well as glucose transport proteins. The t-tubules appear to play an important role regarding substrate uptake. Together the data from this thesis suggests that a chronic elevation in FA transporters at both cell surface domains contributes to lipid accumulation in obese skeletal muscle, and that reduced sensitivity of both FA and glucose transport proteins to translocate in response to insulin may explain the lipidemia and hyperglycemia that often characterizes post-prandial situations in the obese condition. As the prevalence of obesity reaches epidemic proportions, research into the functional role of FA transport proteins in the progression of obesity related pathologies is warranted as we work to further our knowledge of this significant health issue.
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canadian Institute of Health Research

Dissertação de Mestrado em Segurança aos Incêndios Urbanos apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma análise numérica, através do software de elementos finitos do comportamento ao fogo de colunas tubulares mistas de aço e concreto com seção transversal elíptica. Foram avaliados parâmetros de esbeltez, nível de carregamento, excentricidade, percentual de armadura do concreto, nível de restrição e curvas de aquecimento.Para execução do presente trabalho foi necessário empreender ampla revisão bibliográfica de dados experimentais já publicados e dos eventuais dados numéricos a eles relacionados. Foi feita a análise numérica dos tipos estruturais das colunas quanto a esbeltez fazendo variar os parâmetros de espessura da parede do tubo, dimensões da seção transversal e comprimento. A análise numérica do carregamento foi realizada em três níveis, 30, 50 e 70%. A excentricidade de aplicação da carga igual a um quarto e metade da semiseção das colunas. O percentual de armadura no concreto de preenchimento em dois níveis – 2 e 4%. Níveis de restrição axial de 30, 120, 500 kN/mm e curvas de aquecimento sendo uma a curva ISO 834 e a outra uma curva de hidrocarbonetos.Os resultados obtidos foram tabulados, analisados e comparados aos eventuais dados numéricos já disponíveis. Foram também avaliadas metodologias simplificadas para o cálculo deste tipo de colunas em situação de incêndio.Ao final verificou-se que os objetivos foram atendidos. Neste sentido foi verificado que relativamente a esbeltez os resultados foram, como esperado, e já apontados por outros pesquisadores para seções transversais circulares, ou seja, uma maior esbeltez conduz ao menor tempo de resistência ao fogo. Já a esbeltez da seção transversal apresentou resultados bastante inovadores.Das simulações de níveis de carregamento imposto inicialmente e de níveis de restrição axial foi possível observar, dentre outros parâmetros, as diferenças de tempo de resistência ao fogo e deformações axiais distintas para os dois tipos de solicitação.Já quanto à excentricidade da aplicação de carga foram empreendidas duas análises completas e distintas: a primeira com aplicação da carga equivalente ou conjugado de carga axial e momento, obtidas pela aplicação das rotinas do Eurocódigo e uma segunda com aplicação da carga de projeto nas excentricidades especificadas. A análise realizada neste trabalho será assim relevante para os projetistas de estruturas de aço pois fornecerá dados técnicos de comportamento ao fogo de colunas tubulares mistas de aço e concreto com seção elíptica.
The objective of this work was to make a numerical analysis, using finite element software, of the fire behavior of Composite steel and concrete columns with an elliptical cross section. This work evaluated the slimness parameters, loading level, eccentricity, concrete reinforcement percentage, restriction level and heating curves.In order to carry out this work, it was necessary to undertake a wide bibliographic review of experimental data already published and of any numerical data related to them.The numerical analysis of the structural types of the columns was made in terms of slimness, varying the parameters of the thickness of the tube wall, dimensions of the cross section and length. The numerical analysis of loading was performed at three levels, 30, 50 and 70%. The eccentricity of application of the load equal to a quarter and a half of the semisection of the columns. The percentage of reinforcement in the filling concrete in two levels - 2 and 4%. Axial restriction levels of 30, 120, 500 kN / mm and heating curves, one being the ISO 834 curve and the other a hydrocarbon curve.The results obtained were tabulated, analyzed and compared to any numerical data already available. Simplified methodologies for calculating this type of columns in a fire situation were also evaluated.At the end it was found that the objectives were met. In this sense, it was verified that in relation to slimness the results were, as expected, and already pointed out by other researchers for circular cross sections, in other words, greater slimness leads to a shorter time of fire resistance. The slimness of the cross section, on the other hand, presented quite innovative results.From the simulations of loading levels initially imposed and axial restriction levels, it was possible to observe, among other parameters, the differences in time of fire resistance and different axial deformations for the two types of load.As for the load application eccentricity, two complete and distinct analysis were carried out: the first with the application of the equivalent or combined load of axial load and moment, obtained by the application of the Eurocode routines and the second with application of the design load in the specified eccentricities. The analysis carried out in this work will therefore be relevant for steel structure designers as it will provide technical data on the fire behavior of mixed tubular steel and concrete columns with an elliptical section.

La triadine est une famille de protéines du muscle squelettique. Quatre isoformes de la triadine ont été clonées: Trisk 95, Trisk 51, Trisk 49 et Trisk 32. Ce sont des protéines transmembranaires du reticulum sarcoplasmique (RS). Trisk 95 et Trisk 51 sont localisées dans la triade où elles sont associées au récepteur de la ryanodine (RyR), un canal calcique. Trisk 49 et Trisk 32 sont localisées dans le RS longitudinal. Il a été montré que Trisk 95 régule les relâchements de Ca2+ du RyR. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse a été d'étudier les fonctions des triadines dans le muscle squelettique grâce à différentes approches et techniques complémentaires. Dans un premier temps, Trisk 95 et de Trisk 51 ont été étudiées par surexpression in vivo dans les muscles de souris. La caractérisation de ces muscles a permis de mettre en évidence l'association du RyR avec la cavéoline, une protéine de la membrane plasmique. Dans un second temps, la fonction de Trisk 32 a été étudiée dans le muscle squelettique. L'étude précise de sa localisation a permis de montrer qu'elle est localisée dans la triade, dans le RS longitudinal, et à proximité des mitochondries. Des expériences de co-immunoprécipitation ont révélé qu'elle est associée avec le RyR et avec le récepteur de l'IP3. De par ses partenaires, Trisk 32 semble jouer un rôle dans la régulation de nombreux mécanismes impliquant le Ca2+. Enfin, le gène de la triadine a été invalidé chez la souris. Cette souris KO triadine présente une faiblesse musculaire et des défauts dans l'ultrastructure de la triade. Ces résultats indiquent qu'en plus de sa fonction de régulation des relâchements de Ca2+ la triadine pourrait avoir un rôle structural.