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1
Kövecses, Zoltán. "Metaphor, language, and culture". DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 26, spe (2010): 739–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502010000300017.
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Culture and language are connected in a myriad ways. Proverbs, rules of turn-taking in conversations, pronouns of power and solidarity, background knowledge to the understanding of conversations, politeness, linguistic relativity, the principle of cooperation, metaphor, metonymy, context, semantic change, discourse, ideology, print culture, oral culture, literacy, sociolinguistics, speech acts, and so forth, are just some of the concepts in which we find obvious connections between culture and language. Several disciplines within the language sciences attempt to analyze, describe, and explain the complex interrelations between the two broad areas. (For a brief and clear survey, see Kramsch 1998). Can we approach this vast variety of topics from a more unified perspective than it is traditionally done and currently available? The present paper focus on such possibilities.
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Fung, Mary M. Y., e K. L. Kiu. "Metaphor Across Language and Culture". Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 33, n.º 2 (1 de janeiro de 1987): 84–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.33.2.07fun.
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Lu, Wei-lun. "Viewpoint and metaphor in culture". Cognitive Linguistic Studies 7, n.º 1 (19 de agosto de 2020): 254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00056.lu.
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Abstract The paper presents an in-depth analysis of the language of death in Chinese and discusses the relation between language and occupation as a social factor in analyzing the language of death. In this paper, I address in what specific ways Cognitive Linguistics may serve as a useful analytical framework in studying Chinese idioms used in funerals, in an attempt to uncover cultural elements and viewpoint structure in communicating death. The study introduces basic constructs in Cognitive Linguistics which could be used for such an analysis, and applies this CL machinery to analyzing three selected groups of four-character eulogistic idioms used at funerals in Taiwan. The analysis shows that, in addition to Conceptual Metaphor Theory, which has been considered the classic CL tool for studying abstract concepts like death, the subjectivity/objectivity distinction in Cognitive Grammar may also be employed as a complementary and useful theoretical construct in studying the language of death, as it helps identify the special characteristics of the eulogistic idioms for teachers as a special profession in the Chinese culture.
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Khalaf, Asst Instructor: Ayad Enad. "Metaphor in Funny Language". ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 222, n.º 1 (5 de novembro de 2018): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v222i1.384.
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This article highlights different ways of metaphorical use in language and shows its potential in attracting the readers' attention. Language as a biological being lives its own life witnessing never-ending changes: falling outs and newly built elements. We enrich our language not only by new elements but also by new styles and reusing of existing sources. One of these ways which makes language more alive and active is metaphor. Metaphor nowadays is found in all the fields of life, education, medicine, policy and everyday life. Metaphor, in fact, reflects the relationship of language to culture and the world of ideas. Language, on the one hand, is a repository of culture; the traditions, proverbs, and knowledge of our ancestors. On the other hand, language is the mirror of the world of ideas. People reflect their new ideas in using language in new ways, even such devices as paintings and riddles. Metaphor has many shapes and is found in spoken and written language, graphics, cartoon or caricature, riddles, jokes and paintings to express novel shades of meanings, e.g., metaphor in newspaper photos, magazines or even in advertisements attracts the attention of readers and are memorized for a long time. Metaphoric use is also a way of enjoying the readers. It is used for both real and logical aims such as; warnings, advises, or invitations ...etc
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Kutafeva, Natalia V. "Teaching of Japanese Language through Zoomorphic Metaphor". Oriental Studies 19, n.º 10 (2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-10-141-150.
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In this article, the author proposes a method for the consistent acquaintance of Russian students studying the Japanese language by way of zoonymes and zoomorphic metaphors based on the example of the transcription of Aesop’s fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”. In the Japanese transcription, instead of the zoonyme “dragonfly”, another zoonyme “grasshopper” is used. In addition, in Japanese linguistic culture, there are two versions of the fable. In one version, the ants refuse to help the grasshopper, and he dies. In another version, the ants help the grasshopper, and he lives through the winter with the ants and plays the violin. A type of entertainment that has existed for a long time in traditional Japanese culture is to listen to the sounds of insects. In modern-day Japan, there is a subculture of kirigirisu, the culture of street musicians, which entertain listeners. Besides, some even choose cosplay costumes in order to dress up as a grasshopper. The teaching method consists of several stages: - Introduction of a zoonyme (its meanings and spelling options); - Explanation of its significance in Japanese linguistic culture; - Descriptions of associations connected with this zoonyme in Japanese linguistic culture; - The use of the zoonyme in its direct meaning; - The use of the zoonyme as a metaphor in phrases, sentences and proverbs. The teaching of zoonymes and zoomorphic metaphors has both an applied and theoretical significance. In applied terms, it will help students who study Japanese learn more about Japanese linguistic culture; to get acquainted with the legends and traditions connected with these insects; to understand the associations that exist in Japanese society in connection with these insects; to learn the use of zoonymes in direct and figurative meanings in phrases and sentences, as well as to understand idioms in which the names of the insects are used. In theoretical terms, learning zoonymes will help students to understand Japanese linguistic culture and the essence of metaphorical meanings on the basis of examples of a non-native language. The proposed method can be used to get acquainted with any zoonymes and zoomorphic metaphors.
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Lin, Su. "Metaphor and Metonymy: Differences in Chinese Language and Culture". Open Journal of Modern Linguistics 11, n.º 02 (2021): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojml.2021.112011.
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Kozlova, Lyubov A. "Metaphor as the refection of culture determined cognition". Russian Journal of Linguistics 24, n.º 4 (15 de dezembro de 2020): 899–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-4-899-925.
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The article belongs to the cognitive dimension of contemporary cognitive linguistics based on the idea that the processes of the world conceptualization take place in the context of a certain culture and language imparting culturally determined character to our cognition. The ethnocultural specificity of cognition has various forms of manifestation in language, the most explicit of which is metaphor because the very nature of our thinking is metaphorical and reflects the correspondence with experience which is also culture-specific. The study aims to investigate how culturally determined cognition finds its manifestation in metaphor. The main goal of the article is to point out and characterize the forms of manifestation of ethnocultural specificity of metaphor in the text. The analysis is based on a corpus of 860 metaphorical expressions obtained from 34 English-language fiction texts. The main methods of analysis are conceptual, comparative-culturological and contextual analyses. The introduction contains a short survey of theoretical works related to the interaction of language, cognition and culture and describes the way methods are applied. In the second part the author analyses the interrelations between three branches of linguistics: ethnolinguistics, linguoculturology, and cultural linguistics united on the basis of their interest in the study of language in the cultural aspect. The main body of the article presents the analysis of metaphor in the aspect of culture specific cognition which results in the identification of three forms of representing the culturally determined cognition in metaphor: 1) the degree of metaphorical density of the text and the manner of metaphorical representation from the perspective of explicitness/implicitness; 2) the specificity of conceptual spheres which serve as the source of metaphors; 3) the choice of objects of metaphorical description determined by the sociocultural conventions of a linguocultural society. By way of conclusion, the author outlines the prospects of metaphor studies in the aspect of culture specific cognition.
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Zheng, Man. "A Study of Metaphorical Culture of “Head”". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1002.10.
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Metaphor exists everywhere, which is not only a figurative use of language, but also a cognitive tool and a way of thinking. “Head” has a lot of metaphorical senses in English, for instance, “To hit a ball with your head” and “The side of a coin that has a picture of someone’s head on it”. These unique metaphorical senses are closely related to the football and coin culture in foreign countries. Taking the different senses of “Head” as the object of study, this paper analyzes the generation and cognitive styles of the metaphorical senses of “Head” from the perspective of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and further explores the cultural factors behind these metaphorical senses of “Head”.
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Yu, Ning, e Dingding Jia. "Metaphor in culture: LIFE IS A SHOW in Chinese". Cognitive Linguistics 27, n.º 2 (1 de maio de 2016): 147–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2015-0080.
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AbstractThis study analyzes the linguistic patterns via both qualitative and quantitative data that manifest the underlying conceptual metaphor life is a show in Chinese. It starts with an analysis of the performing arts frame as the source domain of the show metaphor. The frame comprises three major aspects: people, performance, and venue, and each of them has a focal element, respectively role, opera, and stage. It argues that the second one, opera, which refers to “Chinese opera”, a prominent form of performing arts in traditional Chinese culture, is the central element that dominates the whole frame. A systematic qualitative analysis of linguistic data shows that, because its source domain centers on Chinese opera, the life is a show metaphor generates a large number of culture-specific linguistic instantiations in Chinese. A quantitative perspective supported by corpus data reinforces the argument that this metaphor plays a central role in the Chinese conceptualization of events and phenomena in various domains of life, constituting a core component of the Chinese cultural model of life. The study concludes that the show metaphor has a salient subversion life is an opera in Chinese, in contrast with its sister life is a play found salient in English.
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Machado, Irene. "Impact or explosion? Technological culture and the ballistic metaphor". Sign Systems Studies 34, n.º 1 (31 de dezembro de 2006): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2006.34.1.10.
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The term ‘impact’ has become the kind of word which, when it relates to the evaluation of technological advances in contemporary culture, suggests signs of erosion, debilitation and evasion. The misinformed and indiscriminate use of the term in the most varied of contexts has created an impasse in the cultural semiotic approach, where sign systems are viewed in terms of borders and relations. The objective of this article is to examine the trivialisation of the use of the ballistic metaphor in this explosive moment of the culture. For this, we will refer to the formulations presented by the semiotician, Juri Lotman, in his book, appropriately entitled Culture and Explosion. To what degree is the concept of explosion presented as a counterpart to the notion of impact? The desire to find answers to this question is what motivated this inquiry.
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He, Keyu. "Influences of Cultural Elements on Metaphor". English Language and Literature Studies 6, n.º 2 (28 de abril de 2016): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v6n2p126.
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<p>Metaphor is not only an important figure of speech, but also a cognitive means of the human mind. The people with different means of thinking have different cultures. The metaphorical language used by people must be fully saturated with culture peculiar to it. Metaphor, as a figure of speech, is unavoidably associated with culture due to the relationship of language and culture. As far as the theme of the thesis is concerned, it tries to analyze the cultural factors influencing the formation of metaphor.</p>
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Omar, Kamal Hassan. "The Challenges the Translation of Metaphors Pose and the Ways in Which Translators Can Overcome Them". Academic Journal of Nawroz University 10, n.º 3 (25 de agosto de 2021): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v10n3a960.
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Abstract
Metaphors and their impact within languages have been a topic of wide discussion between scholars. This research paper focuses on their translatability as well as the challenges that they pose to translators. Metaphors can become a problem during translation, since they are inherently tied to the culture of its source language, making them potentially meaningless in another. There are a number of different ways in which metaphors can be translated, such as;
The literal translation of a metaphor, thus creating an identical metaphor, termed direct translation. Substitution, which is the translation of a metaphor into an altered metaphor by replacing the image present in the source language to that of a metaphor that has the same or a close sense in the target language, therefore taking into consideration the culture of the target language. Paraphrasing, which is the translation of the sense of the metaphor, or restating a metaphor during the process of translation.
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Malyshev, Vladislav B. "Dance of the language: Primordial cultural modalities in the light of metaphor theory". Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 20, n.º 7-8 (26 de abril de 2020): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2072-2354.2020.20.4.44-48.
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The article analyzes the relationship between the conceptual field of metaphor and the primordial cultural modalities in the context of the problem of transcendent instances. Metaphor, mimesis, and poetry as three types of modeling the reality of culture can be correlated in the plane of language representation of the world. The dance of language is the top species of mimetic evolution, whereas metaphor is the key to understanding the mechanism of mimesis in art and culture (I.-G. Herder, F. Nietzsche). The discourse of the primordial cultural modalities in language is clothed in certain images, in certain mimetic forms, in the dance of language. Metaphor is the key to understanding the primordial cultural modalities. It is in the dance of language which a person finds wholeness of being.
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He, Sui. "Cognitive metaphor theories in translation studies: Toward a dual-model parametric approach". Intercultural Pragmatics 18, n.º 1 (18 de janeiro de 2021): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2021-0002.
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Abstract Cognitive metaphor theory provides a systematic framework to better understand the working mechanism of metaphor. Its recent development further allows translation researchers to have a clearer insight into the movement of metaphor across languages and culture. Building on an empirical study, this paper examines the complementary relationship between two prominent cognitive metaphor theories – Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT), and discusses the practical contribution that this relationship could make to the existing research on metaphor translation. To construct a comparable basis for CMT and CBT, two parameters are adopted for data analysis, which is proven useful to serve the purpose. The two chosen parameters are: projection and provenance, denoting the content and the type of metaphor respectively. Metaphorical expressions analyzed in this paper are sourced from cosmology-themed articles published in Scientific American in 2017 and their Simplified Chinese translations published in Huanqiukexue. Findings show that delineated by the two parameters, CMT and CBT indeed share a complementary relationship owing to their different focuses and organizing mechanisms. Furthermore, the collaboration between CMT and CBT offers a well-rounded analytical framework for translation studies. In turn, the correlation between metaphor parameters and translation solutions provides detailed clues for studying metaphor across culture. Finally, the reflection of this dual-model parametric approach regarding its pros and cons is also shown to shed light on future research.
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Kövecses, Zoltán. "Conceptual metaphor theory". Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 6 (26 de novembro de 2008): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.6.08kov.
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Despite its popularity in and outside cognitive linguistics, cognitive metaphor theory (CMT) has received a wide range of criticisms in the past two decades. Several metaphor researchers have criticized the methodology with which metaphor is studied (emphasizing concepts instead of words), the direction of analysis (emphasizing a top-down instead of a bottom-up approach), the category level of metaphor (claiming its superordinate status instead of basic level), the embodiment of metaphor (emphasizing the universal, mechanical, and monolithic aspects instead of nonuniversal, nonmechanical, and nonmonolithic aspects of embodiment), and its relationship to culture (emphasizing the role of universal bodily experience instead of the interaction of body and context). In the paper, I respond to this criticism largely based on my own research and propose a view on these issues that can successfully meet these challenges and that can be regarded as an alternative to the “standard theory.”
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Sharapkova, Anastasia, e Larissa Manerko. "Culture-derived Concepts in Scientific Discourse: Transferring Knowledge through Metaphor". Fachsprache 41, S1 (29 de outubro de 2019): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/fs.v41is1.1769.
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The paper focuses on metaphors with a culture specific source domain in the scientific discourse like Rosetta Stone and Trojan Horse, their functions and peculiarities traced from a novel metaphor to a term. Pertaining to general cultural knowledge these expressions continue to keep much of their original conceptual content and are used in special discourse metaphorically. These metaphors are predominantly used in the title of the work and then elaborated further in the ongoing process of text creation. No matter these metaphors seem to be rather specific, the conceptual analysis we are applying reveals that these complexes are particularly useful for transmitting new kinds of knowledge due to their dynamic conceptual content, heuristic potential and pragmatically aimed sphere of experience.
Our analysis has shown that although the content of these units is rather broad, one conceptual feature is usually brought to the limelight expressing the author’s central idea, which becomes the most salient feature in a particular stretch of professional discourse. This dominant evokes mental representations of the cultural content acting like a key to the piece of specialized discourse through categorization and conceptualization, thus determining the transformed metaphorical meaning of phrases becoming terminological units in the framework of a particular terminological system.
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Columbus, Peter J., e Michael A. Boerger. "Defining Popular Iconic Metaphor". Psychological Reports 90, n.º 2 (abril de 2002): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.90.2.579.
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Popular Iconic Metaphor is added to the cognitive linguistic lexicon of figurative language. Popular Iconic Metaphors employ real or fictional celebrities of popular culture as source domains in figurative discourse. Some borders of Popular Iconic Metaphor are identified, and Elvis Presley is offered as a prototype example of a popular iconic source domain, due to his ubiquity in American popular culture, which affords his figurative usage in ways consistent with decision heuristics in everyday life. Further study of Popular Iconic Metaphors may serve to illuminate how figurative expressions emerge in their localized contexts, structure conduct and experience, and affect mediation of cultural and personal meanings.
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Bernárdez, Enrique. "On the cultural character of metaphor". Review of Cognitive Linguistics 11, n.º 1 (28 de junho de 2013): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.11.1.01ber.
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The paper is devoted to an analysis of the relation between language and culture in the context of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). Section 2 deals in an explicitly critical way with some problems in the concept of “culture” as used in “mainstream” schools of CL. Section 3 offers a brief review of the problems involved in the studies on the concept of “time” and its metaphors. Section 4 reviews some interpretations of the concept of “time” in Amerindian cultures. Section 5 analyses the linguistic expression of time in Quechua, in an attempt to (dis)confirm the “past in front” conceptualisation proposed by some researchers for the (geographically and culturally close, but genetically unrelated) Aymara language. Some final conclusions follow.
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Ospanova, Zhanna, Karima Tolybayeva, Saule Nurkenova, Kulyash Duisekova e Gaukhar Baltabayeva. "Lingua and culture study research on indirect communication cognitive metaphor". XLinguae 13, n.º 2 (abril de 2020): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2020.13.02.13.
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Panchenko, V. I. "METAPHOR AND MYTH AS ELEMENTS OF ARTISTIC-LANGUAGE". UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, n.º 2 (5) (2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2019.2(5).04.
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The article is devoted to analysis of the artistic culturestructure. Artistic culture has developed its main structural elements that provide a certain logic of artistic thinking and artistic creativity and which are the basis of any work of art. These structural elements – rhythm, intonation, metaphor, myth (as a way of action organizing, as a prototype of composition), archetypes and archetypal symbols – are the main artistic means that "work" in all types of art, while defining the specifics (due to their dominance) of the each one of them.
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Ghassemzadeh, Habibollah. "Vygotsky’s mediational psychology: A new conceptualization of culture, signification and metaphor". Language Sciences 27, n.º 3 (maio de 2005): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2004.04.003.
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Gross, Daniel M. "Metaphor and Definition in Vico's New Science". Rhetorica 14, n.º 4 (1996): 359–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.1996.14.4.359.
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Abstract: Vico's theory of metaphor is best understood as a monster in the tradition of classical rhetorical invention. It is the mutant offspring of metaphor characterized as “necessary” (an “ear” of com, for example) and metaphor characterized in terms of analogy. From the perspective of his method. Vico marries these apparently incompatible forms inherited from Aristotle and thereby identifies a third type of linguistic metaphor. I argue that the metaphor identifies a stipulatory definition taken out of context. In order to situate this claim, I outline Vico's genetic analysis and elaborate in general terms what metaphor and definition share. Most importantly. Vico insists that beings, actions, and events are linguistically identified in some particular diseursive context. Indeed, in many cases that context alone determines whether the expression can be called a definition or a metaphor. Like Cicero's ideal jurist, Vico's hero employs motivated words and realizes possibilities available to common sense. Henee Vico's theory of metaphor is both “constructivist”—language has the power to makes things—and “humartist”—it must do so in a form appropriate to history and culture. Vico's theory is consequently important to us because it challenges the proper/figurative distinction championed in the philosophy of language and adds a pragmatic dimension to contemporary views of metaphor at work in literary theory.
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Burke, Michael. "Book Review: Metaphor and Emotion: Language, Culture and Body in Human Feeling". Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 11, n.º 2 (maio de 2002): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096394700201100210.
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Gibbs, Jr, Raymond W. "Cognitive linguistics and metaphor research: past successes, skeptical questions, future challenges". DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 22, spe (2006): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502006000300003.
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An important reason for the tremendous interest in metaphor over the past 20 years stems from cognitive linguistic research. Cognitive linguists embrace the idea that metaphor is not merely a part of language, but reflects a fundamental part of the way people think, reason, and imagine. A large number of empirical studies in cognitive linguistics have, in different ways, supported this claim. My aim in this paper is to describe the empirical foundations for cognitive linguistic work on metaphor, acknowledge various skeptical reactions to this work, and respond to some of these questions/criticisms. I also outline several challenges that cognitive linguists should try to address in future work on metaphor in language, thought, and culture.
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Callies, Marcus. "‘Idioms in the making’ and variation in conceptual metaphor". Metaphor Variation in Englishes around the World 4, n.º 1 (22 de setembro de 2017): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.4.1.04cal.
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Abstract This paper discusses the culture-specificity of figurative language use in varieties of English. Idioms as a special type of figurative language are understood as being conceptually motivated by underlying metaphorical mappings, also reflecting the nexus of language and culture. On the basis of data from large-scale web corpora of varieties of English, the paper examines the lexico-grammatical and conceptual variability of selected idiomatic expressions related to the source domains food and eating. The results show patterns of lexico-grammatical variation and innovation of idioms in (West) African Englishes and confirm previous research that points towards the high salience and frequency of food and related concepts of eating as source domains in conceptual metaphorical mappings in West African cultures. The paper concludes that food and eating seem fruitful points of departure for further studies on culture- and variety-specific “linguistic markers” across varieties of English.
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Abdel-Raheem, Ahmed. "Moral metaphor and gender in Arab visual culture: Debunking Western myths". Social Semiotics 30, n.º 5 (19 de abril de 2019): 715–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2019.1604991.
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Sarwadi. "Metaphor Translation towards Cilinaye Manuscript". International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture 3, n.º 4 (31 de julho de 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v3i4.521.
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Cilinaye manuscript was one script in Sasak language that was written on Aksara Jejawen or it was known as Akasara Hanacaraka. It has a remarkable meaning especially a metaphorical expression due to be not everyone has an ability to use metaphors however everyone can understand its meaning in the same culture and language unlike Suku Sasak (Sasak Tribe). The present study was intended to find out what metaphors were found in Cilinaye manuscript and the concept of metaphor found on it. The results of the present research included 1) The meaning of metaphor in Sasak language can mean different with the use of the same symbol when attached by morpheme e.g. 'lauk daye' attached morpheme 'be' become 'belauk bedaye'. 2) The concept of metaphor according to Ching. Ed. (1980) includes human, animate, living, objective, terrestrial, substantial, energy, cosmic, and being is not completed due to in the data analysis, the researchers found there are metaphors that use directions like bottom up, front behind, east west, south north.
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Pavlishak, T. A. "To the question of the cultural identity of metaphors". Язык и текст 3, n.º 2 (2016): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2016030209.
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The article is devoted to consideration of the metaphor from the perspective of cultural linguistics as a new area of knowledge that studies the interaction between language and culture. It demonstrates some metaphor characteristics as one of the figurative - expressive means. The article emphasizes the importance of metaphors to reflect national-cultural specificity of a language.
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He, Ke-yu, e Hong Yun. "On Translation Obstacles of Metaphorical Language". English Language and Literature Studies 7, n.º 4 (24 de novembro de 2017): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v7n4p104.
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Metaphor is not only an important figure of speech, but also a cognitive means of human mind. The people with different means of thinking have different cultures. The metaphorical language used by people must be fully saturated with culture peculiar to it. So because of the influence of cultural factor, the translation of metaphorical becomes the most important particular problem. Therefore, based on homogeneity and heterogeneity, the paper tries to explore the reasons for translation obstacles and strategy in order that his/her versions of metaphorical language could really become a medium in disseminating culture.
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Haddi, Loubna. "Tackling Difficulties in Translating Culture-bound Metaphor in Nizar Qabbani’s Poetry: A Comparative Study". Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature 6, n.º 2 (3 de setembro de 2019): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/25409190.v6.59-71.
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Arabic poetry has long taken precedence over other literary forms. It is the oldest form of literature known in the Arabic language, dating back to year 400 A.D. In the context of translation, poetry poses a few daunting hurdles in attempting to reach equally metaphorical meanings in the target language. This article seeks to illustrate the cultural problems witnessed in translating culture-bound metaphor. For this purpose, poetry by prominent Arab poet Nizar Qabbani is the main reference and the selected case study in the article for the poet’s place and contribution in Arabic poetry. The theoretical framework adopts two translation models— Newmark’s Semantic Translation and Den Broeck’s literal, paraphrase and substitution. In addition to illustrating difficulties emanating from translating culture-bound metaphor, the article will present a comparative analysis of two translations of one poetic text, thereby hopefully serving as a valuable contribution to the area of cultural metaphor translation by providing a range of translation possibilities starting from Dynamic Equivalence or idiomatic translation and continuing through literal and semantic translations. In doing so, the article has tackled strategies in the field of cultural metaphor translation, which will hopefully lead to further research.
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Abdelbaki, Rawan. "Translating the Postcolony: On Gender, Language, and Culture". TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies 42 (maio de 2021): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/topia-42-009.
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In this article, I seek to advance an understanding of translation that goes beyond treating it as a mere metaphor, as is the way it is often treated in postcolonial and cultural studies. Rather, through a postcolonial feminist lens, I seek to survey and interrogate the complex relationship of racialized and gendered subjects to language, and the implications of translating these lives in a way that makes them intelligible to the West’s hegemonic modernity. After providing an overview of the tensions between linguistic translation and cultural translation, I argue that the racialized gendered Third World subject experiences what I term a double ouster from modernity’s frames of intelligibility. From there, I explore the potential for hybridity to transcend the problem of untranslatability and conclude with remarks on the ramifications that such translations have on doing cross-cultural feminist research.
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Osimo, Bruno. "Translation as Metaphor, the Translator as Anthropologist". Vertimo studijos 12 (20 de dezembro de 2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2019.6.
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The presence/absence of the notion of “inner language” in different cultures creates a watershed between various cultures as far as the notion of “translation” is concerned. Intersemiosity is seen, accordingly, as inner or outer process to interlingual translation. This gap is reflected in the metaphors attached to translation. By analysing them, the author gets a picture of the cultural roots of the view of translation in each culture. Anthropology can be a precious ally in the reciprocal definition of “translation” and “culture”. A new trope for translation is suggested: metaphor.
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Stefanì, Paolo. "Hidden cultures in law: Metaphor and translation in legal discourse". Semiotica 2016, n.º 209 (1 de março de 2016): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2016-0020.
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AbstractThe paper analyzes the problem of the contemporary societies, characterized by the permanent presence of people belonging to different faiths and the culture. The relationship between law and culture, law and religion, in particular the Christian religion, in the history of western culture, are the focus of the paper. In this way, the paper analyzes the importance of the interdisciplinary approach to this problem, emphasizing the importance of a dialogue between juridical science and semiotics, and the importance of the use of metaphor as a strategy for building an intercultural legal system. This approach at juridical studies allows one to stem the crisis of the “modern” legal system. It is necessary to recovering the authentic sense of generalizations and abstractions of modern law, to create a society based on dialogue between law, culture, and religion, and to go beyond the logic of multiculturalism. To do this, is necessary to realize that words such as freedom, equality, dignity, and autonomy are communication code-words with extraordinary symbolic and political value. To do this, we will need to combine the work of interpretation of the law with that of intercultural translation.
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Wayne, Kathryn Ross, e Maggie McBride. "Information Technology and the Language of Education". Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 18, n.º 5 (outubro de 1998): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027046769801800508.
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In this article, the authors explore the interaction of language and culture through a metaphorical analysis of the ideas written of in Gregory Stock's book, Metaman, as well as explain how education shares the implicit assumptions of Metaman, thus perpetuating and strengthening a modern-day discourse that embeds a technological manifest destiny enveloped in deficiency as a guiding metaphor.
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Steyaert, Chris, e Maddy Janssens. "Language and Translation in an International Business Context". Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 9, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1997): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.9.1.08ste.
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Abstract This article discusses the role of language and translation in the business context. Drawing on management literature, we identify two different perspectives on culture and language, and discuss their implications for translation and language learning. Within the first perspective of culture as a variable and language as representation, translation becomes a neutral act and language learning a technical skill. Within the second perspective of culture as a metaphor and language as action, translation becomes a managerial act and language learning a cultural production. We conclude by formulating research questions whereby the domains of management and translation studies interface each other.
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Kalda, Anu, e Mari Uusküla. "The Role of Context in Translating Colour Metaphors: An Experiment on English into Estonian Translation". Open Linguistics 5, n.º 1 (31 de dezembro de 2019): 690–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2019-0038.
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AbstractContemporary theory on metaphor states that metaphor is conceptual, conventional, and part of the ordinary system of thought and language. It has been argued that metaphors can become a translation problem, since transferring them from one language and culture to another may be restricted by linguistic and cultural differences. We investigated how colour metaphors are translated from English into Estonian. To understand how metaphors are translated, a cognitive empirical study was carried out with 21 colour metaphors. The experiment was conducted with two separate groups of volunteers. The first group participated in a context-based translation task, the second in a context-free one.The experiment indicates that colour metaphors are culture specific. It also revealed that context plays a crucial role in the comprehension and translation of colour metaphors. The more novel and original the metaphor is, the more varied are the translation strategies used by the participants (e.g. yellow-bellied person). Differences in translation choices were obvious between translators and non-translators. Qualitative differences appeared as translators were more target culture oriented and non-translators more source culture oriented, for example.
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Малышев, Владислав Борисович. "THE QUESTION OF MIMESIS IN THE LIGHT OF METAPHOR THEORY: TO THE PROBLEM STATEMENT". Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Философия, n.º 3(53) (30 de outubro de 2020): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtphilos/2020.3.122.
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В статье производится анализ соотношения понятийного поля метафоры и мимезиса в контексте проблемы языка в его истоке. Метафора и мимезис как два вида моделирования реальности культуры могут быть соотнесены в плоскости языковой репрезентации мира. Танец языка - вершина эволюции миметического, а метафора - ключ к пониманию механизма мимезиса в искусстве и культуре. Метафора - это некий более тонкий механизм репрезентации мира посредством языка, высшая точка эволюции миметического (И.-Г. Гердер, Ф. Ницше). Через мимезис в искусстве происходит воссоздание мира. Метафора также соотносит одну вещь с другой через мнимое подобие, через его утверждение, затем отрицание, затем через синтез и создание новой реальности. Метафора не столько создает систему подобий, сколько уничтожает саму возможность существования старых подобий в системе различий. Это еще один пункт, в котором метафора и мимезис сходятся, ибо их предназначение создавать новую реальность культуры. The article analyzes the relationship between the conceptual field of metaphor and mimesis in the context of the problem of language at its source. Metaphor and mimesis as two types of modeling the reality of culture can be correlated in the plane of language representation of the world. The dance of language is the pinnacle of mimetic evolution, and metaphor is the key to understanding the mechanism of mimesis in art and culture. Metaphor is a more subtle mechanism for representing the world through language, the highest point in the evolution of the mimetic (I.-G. Herder, F. Nietzsche). Through mimesis, the world is recreated in art. Metaphor also relates one thing to another through an imaginary similarity, through its affirmation, then negation, then through the synthesis and creation of a new reality. The metaphor does not so much create a system of similarities as it destroys the very possibility of the existence of old similarities in the system of differences. This is another point where metaphor and mimesis converge, for their purpose is to create a new reality of culture.
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He, Ke-yu. "On Obstacles of Metaphor Translation from Perspective of Culture". English Language and Literature Studies 7, n.º 1 (28 de fevereiro de 2017): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v7n1p126.
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Translating is a complex and fascinating task, as Richards (1965) once claimed that translating is probably the most complex type of event in the history of the cosmos. In the development of modern translation theories, there is a tendency that culture is introduced into this field. Translating becomes more complex for it has been defined as a cross-cultural communication event, and it involves not only two languages but also two cultures. This shift from emphasis on linguistic transfer towards emphasis on cultural transfer naturally exists in the translation of metaphor. Metaphor is not only an important figure of speech, but also a cognitive means of human mind. The people with different means of thinking have different cultures. The metaphorical language used by people must be fully saturated with culture peculiar to it. So because of the influence of cultural factor, the translation of metaphors becomes the most important particular problem. The paper discusses the reasons for the difficulties of metaphor translation, and summarizes several obstacles of it.
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Toyota, Junichi. "Culture and Living Environment in Language: A Case of Possible Variations in Metaphor". Анали Филолошког факултета 30, n.º 1 (2018): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/analiff.2018.30.1.11.
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Fowler, Carol A., e Bert H. Hodges. "Action, culture and metaphor: finding common ground in research on public language use". Language Sciences 53 (janeiro de 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2015.08.003.
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Lutai, Natalia, e Tetiana Besarab. "METAPHOR RESEARCH IN COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS". Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, n.º 10(78) (27 de fevereiro de 2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-21-25.
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The article emphasizes the fact that within the past decades there has been a significant interest to studying of metaphors, the main reason awakening it is associated with studies conducted in the field of cognitive linguistics. Many scientists who are engaged in cognitive linguistics consider the metaphor not only as a part of the language, but as well as a fundamental part of the way of human thinking, reasoning and imagination. To some extent this statement has been confirmed by a huge number of empirical studies carried out in this area of linguistics recently. The main purpose of this article is to describe the empirical foundations of cognitive linguistic research related to metaphors, to acknowledge various critical remarks regarding works on essential issues in this area, as well as weaknesses in the concept of metaphor represented by cognitive linguists, Plus, some urgent challenges that are to be resolved to define the subsequent research concerning the part of metaphors in language, thinking and culture have been enlightened. It has been pointed out that cognitive linguists, like scientists from any other academic field, are limited in their work owing to the empirical methods they use, for example, when discussing specific theories of language and thinking.
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Pak, E. M. "PARTICULARITY OF POLITYCAL LANGUAGE IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA". Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2017): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2017-3-119-122.
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The article considers the concepts as “metaphor”, “political linguistics”, “a political discourse”, “Confucianism”. The issue of the use of a metaphor in the speech of political figures and what role it plays in political life of the country is touched. The article has examples what turns of speech are used in the speech by political leaders are given favorably to influence and influence public. Influence of Confucianism on consciousness of people and on political life of the country is considered. The relevance of this work lies in fact that use of a metaphor in political language is the direct tool of impact on consciousness of the people and also in how cultural, traditional values of China influence outlook of the person. The aim of this work is to reveal the main postulates of Confucianism and their influence on political consciousness of people. The objective of this article: to give definition of a metaphor; to reveal her main functions in a political discourse; to learn how traditional cultural values influence change of people’s consciousness according to example of Confucian philosophy; what role in domestic and foreign policy is played by the concepts connected with centuries-old history and the culture of China.
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Jiang, Yicun. "A Peircean epistemology of metaphor". Semiotica 2018, n.º 222 (25 de abril de 2018): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2015-0154.
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AbstractThis paper aims to elaborate an epistemology of metaphor in the Peircean semiotic tradition. As a logician, Peirce sees metaphor as a result of logical processes that create new meaning. His exposition on iconicity and iconic reasoning has laid a solid foundation upon which may be erected a fresh epistemology of metaphor fit for the contemporary study of language and mind. Broadly speaking, metaphor in Peirce can be examined from two perspectives: macroscopically it is an icon as opposed to index and symbol, whereas microscopically it is a subdivided hypoicon on the third level as opposed to image and diagram. Semioticians after Peirce have further developed his theory of metaphor. Through his concept of “arbitrary iconicity,” Ersu Ding stresses the subjective nature of metaphorization and tries to draw our attention to the specific cultural contexts in which metaphors occur. He also emphasizes the diversity and multivalency of metaphorical vehicles. Umberto Eco sees the interpretation of signs as an open-ended process that involves knowledge of all kinds. Encyclopedic knowledge thus serves as an unlimited source for metaphorical association. For Eco, the meaning of a metaphor should be interpreted in the cultural framework based on a specific cultural community. These ideas are in line with Peirce’s theoretical framework where the meaning of a metaphor depends on an interpreter in a particular socio-historical context. Based on the above theories, the present article proposes a cultural space where innumerable semantic features of objects or life situations are rhizomaticly linked on the basis of encyclopedic knowledge shared by members of a particular culture.
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Indirasari, Dyah Triarini. "Metafora Waktu dan Penalaran Temporal dalam Perspektif Budaya Waktu". Buletin Psikologi 27, n.º 2 (5 de dezembro de 2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.44124.
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Time is an abstract concept that can be understood by making an analogy or a metaphor from a more concrete concept such as a spatial construct. Previous research found that people from different cultures and languages constructed time movement differently. In addition, the use of a specific time metaphor tends to activate a different type of temporal reasoning. Time metaphor studies related to Indonesian culture and language are still limited. Although it is known that Indonesians tend to use different temporal reasoning compare to other countries, how their time metaphors may have an impact on their temporal reasoning is still unknown. It is then important to further investigate the effect of time metaphor on time reasoning particularly in different cultural contexts and how it may have impact on people behavior. This paper will discuss some findings in the area of time metaphor and temporal reasoning, including the influence of culture on time conception.
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Jindo, Job. "Toward a Poetics of the Biblical Mind: Language, Culture, and Cognition". Vetus Testamentum 59, n.º 2 (2009): 222–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853309x406659.
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AbstractThis article shows how cognitive investigation of biblical metaphors enables us to fathom the basic categories through which biblical writers conceived of God, humans, and the world. This investigation is part of a work-in-progress that employs recent studies in cognitive linguistics to explore the Weltanschauung of ancient Israel as reflected in the use of language in biblical literature. The article first explains the cognitive linguistic account of metaphor; it next illustrates how this discipline can be applied to the study of the complex relationships between language, culture, and cognition; and it then exemplifies how this cognitive approach can enhance our understanding of such relationships in biblical literature.
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Tay, Dennis. "Death in a multicultural society". Cognitive Linguistic Studies 6, n.º 1 (12 de julho de 2019): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00031.tay.
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Abstract Obituaries are a tractable source of metaphorical depictions of death, which in turn offer unique insights into the near-universality versus culture and context-specificity of metaphors. In multicultural settings, they can shed further light on the underexplored question of how metaphor use interacts with linguistic and religious identities. This paper is a case study of newspaper obituaries (N = 337) in the multicultural and multilingual context of Singapore. It uses a mixed-methods approach to uncover the types of death-related metaphors across languages and religions, their near-universal and culture-specific aspects, and significant associations between religion and metaphor use/non-use (χ² (2, N = 337) = 84.54, p < 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.501, Log (BF10) = 47.14), language and metaphor use/non-use (χ² (1, N = 337) = 71.2, p < 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.46, Log (BF10) = 42.25), and religion and language of the deceased (χ² (2, N = 337) = 48.11, p < 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.378, Log (BF10) = 19.7). The findings extend prevailing discussion from the substantive contents of metaphors to the intra-societal pragmatics of their use, connecting metaphor explicitly with the construction of religious and linguistic identities.
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Rezaei, Sohrab, e Niloofar Nourali. "Language and Power: The Use of Persuasive Techniques in Iran and U.S. President Speeches". Journal of Language Teaching and Research 7, n.º 6 (1 de novembro de 2016): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0706.19.
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The present article is about language and power, focuses on the speechmaking skills, and using persuasive techniques such as Simile and metaphor, Mixed metaphor or simile, Extended metaphor, Allusion, Lists of three, Repetition, Parallelism, Puzzled or redundant questions, Alliteration and Wordplay. For the sake of better analysis certain elements of this ability, a comparison between Iran President Mr. Rouhani and U. S. President Mr. Obama is made. Two speeches of two presidents are selected. The first two are in the same topic and the second two are in different topics. Each president is a strong personality in his own right, both leaders have manifested this ability and managed to persuade the masses about the correctness of their political steps; however their using of persuasive techniques differ dramatically, as it is attempted to support by analysis in this article. The results show that, usually they use the same techniques but Dr. Rouhani use more persuasive techniques than President Obama does. Dr. Rouhani uses Alliteration and President Obama uses Metaphor more than other techniques in their speeches. It can be said that using persuasive techniques is culture based.
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Indriana, Nilna. "ISTI’ARAH DALAM PIDATO KHULAFAUR-RASYIDIN". An-Nas 3, n.º 2 (15 de outubro de 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36840/an-nas.v3i2.200.
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“This research is to analyze metaphor in the collection of Khulafaurrasyidin’s speeches. Khulafaurrasyidin is a important figure of Islam after propet Muhammad saw. pass away from this word. There are four of speeches of Khulafaurrasyidin that delivered when they are become a caliph. This research uses the theory of metaphor presented by Halley who classified metaphor into nine types based on semantic field. The research nature is qualitative descriptive using library research. This study describe the phenomenon of figurative language metaphor related to the object of research. And finally, the research findings are presented informally. Based on the research toward speeches of Khulafaurrasyidin, researcher finds eight types of source domains metaphor. They are being, cosmos, energy, terrestrial, object, living, animate and human. And four types of target domains. The metaphors used tn the speeches show the corelation between semantic methapor with Arab living and culture with the result that have many different in number of quantity. And researcher also find a different and characteristic of caliph delivery speeches. That different because of character, culture and social politic condition in that period.”
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Sun, Yi, Mi Zhang e Lang Chen. "“Join the Army. Become the Power of China”". Review of Cognitive Linguistics 19, n.º 1 (28 de abril de 2021): 142–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00079.sun.
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Abstract Military recruitment advertising, as a type of authoritative political video advertisement, demonstrates a country’s military culture. This paper will provide a brand-new perspective in researching Chinese military culture from the approach of multimodal metaphor. Currently, a multimodal analysis of military recruitment advertising in terms of short video clips does not exist, and most of the existing multimodal studies have focused on Western mainstream media, whereas media with Chinese characteristics have remained mostly untouched by research. With Forceville and Urios-Aparisi’s (2009) Multimodal Metaphor Theory (MMT) as a theoretical basis, and the newly-released recruitment advertising “The Power of China” as the research object, this paper utilizes the MIPVU and ELAN image tagging software to identify and analyze the multimodal metaphors in “The Power of China” under the framework of MMT.
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Lan, Chun, e Danyun Zuo. "Pictorial-verbal metaphors in Chinese editorial cartoons on food safety". Metaphor and the Social World 6, n.º 1 (9 de maio de 2016): 20–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.6.1.02lan.
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Based on a corpus of 120 cartoons collected from the website http://cartoon.chinadaily.com.cn, this study attempts to give an account of pictorial-verbal metaphors in Chinese editorial cartoons on food safety from the perspective of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and multimodal metaphor theory. The findings are as follows: (1) Four major mode configuration patterns are observed: cross-modal mapping, mono-modal mapping, multimodal mapping and implied mapping. (2) The pictorial-verbal metaphors centre around five major target domains: unsafe food, consumer, producer/seller, supervision authority and food safety law/standard. (3) A large number of scenario metaphors are observed in the data, which can be further divided into those that are cross-culturally perceivable and those that are heavily embedded in Chinese culture. The working mechanism of scenario metaphors can be accounted for by Conceptual Blending Theory. The study helps delineate the food safety situation that we are facing in China from a metaphorical perspective. It also extends the application of multimodal metaphor theory to a Chinese context and contributes to the refinement of the theory.