Siga este link para ver outros tipos de publicações sobre o tema: Tuberculosis in bovine species.
Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Tuberculosis in bovine species"
Crie uma referência precisa em APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, e outros estilos
Veja os 50 melhores artigos de revistas para estudos sobre o assunto "Tuberculosis in bovine species".
Ao lado de cada fonte na lista de referências, há um botão "Adicionar à bibliografia". Clique e geraremos automaticamente a citação bibliográfica do trabalho escolhido no estilo de citação de que você precisa: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
Você também pode baixar o texto completo da publicação científica em formato .pdf e ler o resumo do trabalho online se estiver presente nos metadados.
Veja os artigos de revistas das mais diversas áreas científicas e compile uma bibliografia correta.
1
Pandey, G., S. Dhakal, A. Sadaula, G. KC, S. Subedi, KR Pandey e IP Dhakal. "Status of tuberculosis in bovine animals raised by tuberculosis infected patients in Western Chitwan, Nepal". International Journal of Infection and Microbiology 1, n.º 2 (20 de janeiro de 2013): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7407.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
INTRODUCTION: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important public health concern worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the status of bTB in animals raised by tuberculosis patients in Western Chitwan, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August, 2011 to January, 2012. A total of 100 bovines (cattle and buffalo) raised in 60 farms of tuberculosis patients were tested with single intradermal tuberculin test considering various animal factors. Well designed questionnaire survey was taken with 70 tuberculosis patients of same 60 families focusing knowledge, awareness and various practices related to bovine tuberculosis. RESULTS: Overall 15% bovines were positive for tuberculosis (13.6% cattle and 15.4% buffaloes). Age of animal was significantly associated with tuberculosis (p<0.05) while sex and species were not. 24% tuberculosis patients had raw milk consuming habit while very few of them (9%) were aware of zoonotic aspect of bovine tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: There is high chance of tuberculosis transmission form animals to humans or vice versa. Further detailed study is needed in large scale with stronger intersectoral collaboration of medical and veterinary health sector to determine the scale of problem and find out prevention and control strategies against zoonotic tuberculosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7407 Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):49-53
2
Ahmady, Ebrahim B. "Some Aspects about the Bovine Tuberculosis". Journal of Zoo Biology 1, n.º 1 (30 de dezembro de 2018): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/zoobiol.001.01.1004.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease, which is produced by different species of bacilli of the genus Mycobacterium. It has been characterized by the presence in different species of animals, including very important, its impact on the man who, in the same time he has chronic and has been affected in different organs or systems of species. The lesion has classically described the formation of tuber in different sizes; in general, the most affected organ is the respiratory apparatus and particularly the lungs. The existence of the disease is global and its impact on social and economic life is extremely important. Tuberculosis has taken its toll on most of the animals and humans.
3
Wadhwa, Ashutosh, Graham J. Hickling e Shigetoshi Eda. "Opportunities for Improved Serodiagnosis of Human Tuberculosis, Bovine Tuberculosis, and Paratuberculosis". Veterinary Medicine International 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/674238.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Mycobacterial infections—tuberculosis (TB), bovine tuberculosis (bTB), and Johne’s disease (JD)—are major infectious diseases of both human and animals. Methods presently in use for diagnosis of mycobacterial infections include bacterial culture, nucleic acid amplification, tuberculin skin test, interferon-γassay, and serology. Serological tests have several advantages over other methods, including short turn-around time, relatively simple procedures, and low cost. However, current serodiagnostic methods for TB, bTB and JD exhibit low sensitivity and/or specificity. Recent studies that have aimed to develop improved serodiagnostic tests have mostly focused on identifying useful species-specific protein antigens. A review of recent attempts to improve diagnostic test performance indicates that the use of multiple antigens can improve the accuracy of serodiagnosis of these mycobacterial diseases. Mycobacteria also produce a variety of species-specific nonprotein molecules; however, only a few such molecules (e.g., cord factor and lipoarabinomannan) have so far been evaluated for their effectiveness as diagnostic antigens. For TB and bTB, there has been recent progress in developing laboratory-free diagnostic methods. New technologies such as microfluidics and “Lab-on-Chip” are examples of promising new technologies that can underpin development of laboratory-free diagnostic devices for these mycobacterial infections.
4
Barrett, David C. "Cattle Review". Livestock 25, n.º 2 (2 de março de 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2020.25.2.76.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Introduction: In this Cattle Review we consider three open access papers on the association between antimicrobial class selection for treatment and retreatment of bovine respiratory disease and the development of antimicrobial resistance, between- and within-species transmission of bovine tuberculosis, and digital dermatitis in grazing dairy herds.
5
Korniienko, L. Y., A. V. Pyskun, V. V. Ukhovskyi, M. S. Karpulenko, O. A. Moroz, O. O. Pyskun, T. M. Tsarenko e G. B. Aliekseieva. "Retrospective analysis of the control and prevention of tuberculosis among cattle in Ukraine in the period 1994–2020". Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 12, n.º 2 (8 de maio de 2021): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022140.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) – is a chronic infectious disease, the causative agent of which affects many species of mammals. It is a zoonosis caused by various types of mycobacteria in the complex Mycobacterium tuberculosis family Mycobacteriaceae. The most important etiological agent of bTB in cattle is M. bovis, which has been isolated from tuberculosis infected cattle for centuries. Livestock and species of the Bovidae family are the most susceptible to this pathogen and are the main reservoir species for animals and humans. In Ukraine, the main methods of diagnosing tuberculosis in animal husbandry are lifetime (clinical examination, allergic intradermal test with tuberculin), and postmortem techniques (pathological changes, bacteriological investigation). The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the epizootic situation of tuberculosis among cattle in Ukraine for the period 1994–2020 and conducted a critical assessment of the work done to prevent and control this disease. In total, over the last 27 years, 219 088 head of cattle with tuberculosis and 933 affected locations have been identified in Ukraine. The results of this work showed that in our country the epizootic situation of bovine tuberculosis on farms of various forms of ownership is fully controlled. The most active fight against tuberculosis was carried out during 1995–2015. In 1994–1997, the largest number of affected locations was registered, from 90 to 144, respectively, and the largest number of animals with tuberculosis – 21 395–33 474. In 1994–1995, the largest number of sick animals per one affected point was registered (371.9 and 471.7 head, respectively). Currently, official statistics show that many farms, especially in Vinnytska, Cherkaska and Kyivska regions, continue to show positive allergic reactions to tuberculin (46 898 reactions for the last 12 years). Applying diagnostic methods of research in complex (bacteriological, bioassay, molecular), excludes affection of cattle by pathogenic mycobacteria. This study showed that for the last 5 years no farms with confirmed pathological diagnosis by bacteriological methods have been registered and no culture of the pathogen from animals has been detected. Besides the scurpulous work of the veterinary service, in our opinion, the catastrophic decline in the number of cattle in Ukraine also had a significant impact on improving the epizootic situation regarding tuberculosis.
6
McCallan, Lyanne, David Corbett, Peter L. Andersen, Claus Aagaard, David McMurray, Claire Barry, Suzan Thompson, Samuel Strain e Jim McNair. "A New Experimental Infection Model in Ferrets Based on AerosolisedMycobacterium bovis". Veterinary Medicine International 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/981410.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
There is significant interest in developing vaccines to control bovine tuberculosis, especially in wildlife species where this disease continues to persist in reservoir species such as the European Badger (Meles meles). However, gaining access to populations of badgers (protected under UK law) is problematic and not always possible. In this study, a new infection model has been developed in ferrets (Mustela furo), a species which is closely related to the badger. Groups of ferrets were infected using a Madison infection chamber and were examined postmortem for the presence of tuberculous lesions and to provide tissue samples for confirmation ofMycobacterium bovisby culture. An infectious dose was defined, that establishes infection within the lungs and associated lymph nodes with subsequent spread to the mesentery lymph nodes. This model, which emphasises respiratory tract infection, will be used to evaluate vaccines for the control of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife species.
7
CLIFFORD, D. L., R. R. KAZWALA, H. SADIKI, A. ROUG, E. A. MUSE, P. C. COPPOLILLO e J. A. K. MAZET. "Tuberculosis infection in wildlife from the Ruaha ecosystem Tanzania: implications for wildlife, domestic animals, and human health". Epidemiology and Infection 141, n.º 7 (22 de abril de 2013): 1371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813000836.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
SUMMARYMycobacterium bovis, a pathogen of conservation, livestock, and public health concern, was detected in eight species of wildlife inhabiting protected areas bordering endemic livestock grazing lands. We tested tissues from 179 opportunistically sampled hunter-killed, depredation, road-killed, and live-captured wild animals, representing 30 species, in and adjacent to Ruaha National Park in south-central Tanzania. Tissue culture and PCR were used to detect 12 (8·1%)M. bovis-infected animals and 15 (10·1%) animals infected with non-tuberculosis complex mycobacteria. Kirk's dik-dik, vervet monkey, and yellow baboon were confirmed infected for the first time. TheM. bovisspoligotype isolated from infected wildlife was identical to local livestock, providing evidence for livestock–wildlife pathogen transmission. Thus we advocate an ecosystem-based approach for bovine tuberculosis management that improves critical ecological functions in protected areas and grazing lands, reduces focal population density build-up along the edges of protected areas, and minimizes ecological stressors that increase animals’ susceptibility to bovine tuberculosis.
8
RENWICK, A. R., P. C. L. WHITE e R. G. BENGIS. "Bovine tuberculosis in southern African wildlife: a multi-species host–pathogen system". Epidemiology and Infection 135, n.º 4 (7 de setembro de 2006): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806007205.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
SUMMARYThis review examines the current situation of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in southern African savannah systems, and uses theory on multi-species host–pathogen systems to suggest possible options for future research and management. In southern Africa, the buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and the Kafue lechwe [Marsh antelope] (Kobus leche) have been found to be maintenance hosts for this disease, but the importance of other host species is becoming apparent. The role of other host species in the maintenance and spread of the disease varies, depending on the spatial distribution and resource utilization patterns of the species, disease susceptibility, transmission modes and the ecology of both host(s) and vector(s). Future research needs to identify the pathogenicity of bTB in each of the host species, and the mechanisms and rates of inter- and intra-specific transmission among different species, in order to develop multi-host models to understand the development and spread of the disease.
9
Green, Lawrence R., Cynthia C. Jones, Anne L. Sherwood, Inna V. Garkavi, Gerard A. Cangelosi, Tyler C. Thacker, Mitchell V. Palmer, W. Ray Waters e Chris V. Rathe. "Single-Antigen Serological Testing for Bovine Tuberculosis". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, n.º 9 (15 de julho de 2009): 1309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00028-09.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
ABSTRACT Antibody responses are useful indicators of Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. Tests for such responses often use multiple M. bovis antigens as detection probes. This is recommended because responses to single antigens may be too variable for consistent diagnosis. However, the use of multiple antigens increases costs and the risk of false-positive results. As an alternative, the SeraLyte-Mbv system detects responses to a single M. bovis antigen, MPB83, by using a chemiluminescent testing platform with a high degree of analytical sensitivity. Testing with the SeraLyte-Mbv system was conducted in a blinded fashion with sera from experimentally infected and control cattle. To assess the species specificity of the single-antigen test, the sample included sera from animals infected with M. bovis (n = 27), M. kansasii (n = 4), M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n = 11), M. avium subsp. avium (n = 12), and uninfected animals (n = 15). Upon unblinding of the results, the sensitivity of the SeraLyte-Mbv system relative to the results for animals with known M. bovis infection was 89%. Consistent with the conservation of MPB83 sequences within the genus Mycobacterium, all 4 M. kansasii-infected animals tested positive with the SeraLyte-Mbv system and all 23 M. avium-infected animals tested negative. Blinded analysis of 30 serum samples collected from nine animals at various time points postinfection indicated 100% sensitivity after ≥3 months postinfection. All 15 uninfected samples in the blinded sample set tested negative with the SeraLyte-Mbv system. Unblinded analysis of sera from an additional 895 animals in 10 accredited bovine tuberculosis-free states revealed 98% specificity overall. The results support the feasibility of single-antigen testing for bovine tuberculosis with the SeraLyte-Mbv system.
10
Beechler, Brianna R., Kate S. Boersma, Peter E. Buss, Courtney A. C. Coon, Erin E. Gorsich, Brian S. Henrichs, Adam M. Siepielski et al. "Bovine tuberculosis disturbs parasite functional trait composition in African buffalo". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n.º 29 (1 de julho de 2019): 14645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903674116.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Novel parasites can have wide-ranging impacts, not only on host populations, but also on the resident parasite community. Historically, impacts of novel parasites have been assessed by examining pairwise interactions between parasite species. However, parasite communities are complex networks of interacting species. Here we used multivariate taxonomic and trait-based approaches to determine how parasite community composition changed when African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) acquired an emerging disease, bovine tuberculosis (BTB). Both taxonomic and functional parasite richness increased significantly in animals that acquired BTB than in those that did not. Thus, the presence of BTB seems to catalyze extraordinary shifts in community composition. There were no differences in overall parasite taxonomic composition between infected and uninfected individuals, however. The trait-based analysis revealed an increase in direct-transmitted, quickly replicating parasites following BTB infection. This study demonstrates that trait-based approaches provide insight into parasite community dynamics in the context of emerging infections.
11
Pavlik, I., M. Machackova, W. Yayo Ayele, J. Lamka, I. Parmova, I. Melicharek, M. Hanzlikova et al. "Incidence of bovine tuberculosis in wild and domestic animals other than cattle in six Central European countries during 1990–1999". Veterinární Medicína 47, No. 5 (30 de março de 2012): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5815-vetmed.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The study was undertaken in Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia laying between Baltic and Adriatic seas on 610 402 km<sup>2</sup>. Mycobacterium bovis infection was diagnosed in 70 animals belonging to 17 species other than cattle. The set of wild animals comprised 12 European bison (Bison bonasus), one red deer (Cervus elaphus), five wild boars (Sus scrofa), and one European wild goat (Capra aegagrus) bred in a game park. Further positive animals included two farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) and one bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) owned by a circus. The infection was also demonstrated in 18 domestic animals belonging to 3 species living on farms where bovine tuberculosis was diagnosed in cattle. This set included 12 domestic pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica), two domestic sheep (Ovis ammon f. aries), and four dogs (Canis lupus f. familiaris). The set of animals bred in zoological gardens consisted of 30 animals belonging to 9 species as follows: three bison (Bison bison), four tapirs (Tapirus terrestris), one cassowary (Casuarius casuarius – isolate identified by the biological assay in guinea pigs only), eight sitatungas (Tragelaphus spekei), three elands (Taurotragus oryx), one gnu (Connochaetes taurinus), eight reticulated giraffes (Giraffa cameloparadlis reticulata), one puma (Puma concolor), and one Vietnamese pot-bellied pig (Sus bucculentus). Although, considering the population sizes, absolute numbers of the infected individuals are rather low, wild animals or such animals bred in captivity should be regarded as possible reservoirs of the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis. Tests for bovine tuberculosis are therefore necessary before transportation of all wild animals. Any lesion arousing suspicion of tuberculosis found on necropsy of wild animals must be laboratory examined for the presence of mycobacteria.
12
Tazerart, Fatah, Jamal Saad, Naima Sahraoui, Djamel Yala, Abdellatif Niar e Michel Drancourt. "Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Mycobacterium bovis Cattle Isolates, Algeria". Pathogens 10, n.º 7 (24 de junho de 2021): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070802.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species responsible for tuberculosis in cattle and zoonotic tuberculosis in humans, is present in Algeria. In Algeria however, the M. bovis population structure is unknown, limiting understanding of the sources and transmission of bovine tuberculosis. In this study, we identified the whole genome sequence (WGS) of 13 M. bovis strains isolated from animals exhibiting lesions compatible with tuberculosis, which were slaughtered and inspected in five slaughterhouses in Algeria. We found that six isolates were grouped together with reference clinical strains of M. bovis genotype-Unknown2. One isolate was related to M. bovis genotype-Unknown7, one isolate was related to M. bovis genotype-Unknown4, three isolates belonged to M. bovis genotype-Europe 2 and there was one new clone for two M. bovis isolates. Two isolates from Blida exhibited no pairwise differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms. None of these 13 isolates were closely related to four zoonotic M. bovis isolates previously characterized in Algeria. In Algeria, the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in cattle is partly driven by cross border movements of animals and animal products.
13
Krajewska, Monika, Michał Załuski, Anna Zabost, Blanka Orłowska, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Krzysztof Anusz, Marek Lipiec, Marcin Weiner e Krzysztof Szulowski. "Tuberculosis in Antelopes in a Zoo in Poland – Problem of Public Health". Polish Journal of Microbiology 64, n.º 4 (31 de dezembro de 2015): 395–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/17331331.1185242.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease that occurs in many species of both domestic and wild animals, as well as those held in captivity. The etiological factor is the acid resistant bacillus (Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium caprae), which is characterized by the major pathogenicity among mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The material from 8 antelopes from the zoo, suspected for tuberculosis were examined, and M. bovis strains were isolated from 6 of them. The spoligotyping method showing spoligo pattern 676763777777600. In Poland, this spoligotype has not been observed so far.
14
Damene, Hanane, Djamel Tahir, Maren Diels, Ali Berber, Naima Sahraoui e Leen Rigouts. "Broad diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains isolated from humans and cattle in Northern Algeria suggests a zoonotic transmission cycle". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, n.º 11 (30 de novembro de 2020): e0008894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008894.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) comprises closely related species responsible for human and animal tuberculosis (TB). Efficient species determination is useful for epidemiological purposes, especially for the elucidation of the zoonotic contribution. In Algeria, data on MTBC genotypes are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and diversity of MTBC genotypes causing human and bovine TB in Northern Algeria. During a two-year sampling period (2017–2019) in two regions of Northern Algeria, we observed an overall prevalence of 6.5% of tuberculosis (TB) among slaughtered cattle, which is higher than previous Algerian data yet comparable to neighboring countries. A total of 296 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates were genotyped by spoligotyping: 181 from tissues with TB-like lesions collected from 181 cattle carcasses and 115 from TB patients. In human isolates, we identified 107 M. tuberculosis, seven M. bovis and one “M. pinnipedii-like”, while for bovine samples, 174 isolates were identified as M. bovis, three as M. caprae, three as “M. pinnipedii-like” and one as “M. microti-like”. The majority of isolates (89.2%) belonged to 72 different known Shared International Types (SIT) or M. bovis spoligotypes (SB), while we also identified seven new SB profiles (SB2695 to SB2701). Twenty-eight of the SB profiles were new to Algeria. Our data suggest zoonotic transmission in Sétif, where significantly more TB was observed among cattle (20%) compared to the slaughterhouses from the three other regions (5.4%–7.3%) (p < 0.0001), with the isolation of the same M. bovis genotypes from TB patients. The present study showed a high genetic diversity of MTBC isolated from human and cattle in Northern Algeria. Even though relatively small in terms of numbers, our data suggest the zoonotic transmission of TB from cattle to humans, suggesting the need for stronger eradication strategies for bovine TB.
15
Souza Filho, Antonio Francisco de, Ana Luiza Alves Rosa Osório, Klaudia Dos Santos Gonçalves Jorge, Flábio Ribeiro Araújo, Carlos Eugênio Soto Vidal, Cristina Pires Araújo, Letícia Alves Gomes Albertti, Daniela De Oliveira Cazola, José Soares Ferreira Neto e Marcos Bryan Heinemann. "Genetic profiles of Mycobacterium bovis from a cattle herd in southernmost Brazil". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, n.º 5Supl2 (9 de novembro de 2016): 3719. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3719.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Mycobacterium bovis is the agent of bovine tuberculosis, a disease endemic to all Brazilian states. Molecular typing techniques help to stratify and refine data, providing information that facilitates epidemiological research. In this study, MIRU-VNTR, targeting 24 loci, was employed to identify and characterize the genetic groups of M. bovis isolates obtained from an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis. Eighteen acid-fast bacilli isolates, obtained from bovine tissue samples, and reactive to the comparative cervical tuberculin test, were identified as species of the M. tuberculosis complex, and were genotyped by MIRU-VNTR with 24 primer pairs. Genotyping revealed three genetic profiles comprising one with 15 isolates (83.3%), one with two isolates (11.1%), and one profile with one unique isolate (5.6%). This distinction was achieved with the MIRU 31 primer, which resulted in clustering of two isolates into the same profile, and ETR A, B, and C, which discriminated the isolate with a unique profile. The occurrence of clustered isolates is indicative of recent transmission, whereas isolates with a unique profile suggest reactivation of latent infection. The presence of different M. bovis genotypes in the same herd suggests movement of infected animals or different sources of intra-herd infection. Use of the MIRU-VNTR molecular epidemiology technique in M. bovis isolates obtained from an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in Rio Grande do Sul state demonstrated the genetic diversity of circulating strains, despite the presence of a predominant group.
16
Vordermeier, H. Martin, Gillian S. Dean, Ida Rosenkrands, Else M. Agger, Peter Andersen, Daryan A. Kaveh, R. Glyn Hewinson e Philip J. Hogarth. "Adjuvants Induce Distinct Immunological Phenotypes in a Bovine Tuberculosis Vaccine Model". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, n.º 10 (29 de julho de 2009): 1443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00229-09.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most important infectious diseases of humans and animals. Mycobacterium bovis BCG, the only currently available TB vaccine, demonstrates variable levels of efficacy; therefore, a replacement or supplement to BCG is required. Protein subunit vaccines have shown promise but require the use of adjuvants to enhance their immunogenicity. Using the protective mycobacterial antigen Rv3019c, we have evaluated the induction of relevant immune responses by adjuvant formulations directly in the target species for bovine TB vaccines and compared these to responses induced by BCG. We demonstrate that two classes of adjuvant induce distinct immune phenotypes in cattle, a fact not previously reported for mice. A water/oil emulsion induced both an effector cell and a central memory response. A cationic-liposome adjuvant induced a central memory response alone, similar to that induced by BCG. This suggests that water/oil emulsions may be the most promising formulations. These results demonstrate the importance of testing adjuvant formulations directly in the target species and the necessity of measuring different types of immune response when evaluating immune responses.
17
Pavlik, I., I. Trcka, I. Parmova, J. Svobodova, I. Melicharek, G. Nagy, Z. Cvetnic, M. Ocepek, M. Pate e M. Lipiec. "Detection of bovine and human tuberculosis in cattle and other animals in six Central European countries during the years 2000–2004". Veterinární Medicína 50, No. 7 (28 de março de 2012): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5626-vetmed.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
During a five year period (2000–2004), the incidence of bovine and human tuberculosis in cattle and other animals from six Central European countries was evaluated: Croatia (HRV), the Czech Republic (CZE), Hungary (HUN), Poland (POL), Slovakia (SVK), and Slovenia (SVN). These countries, lying between the Baltic and the Adriatic seas, cover an area of 610 402 km<sup>2</sup> and had more than 68 million inhabitants and 9 330 264 cattle in 2003. Successful national control programmes against bovine tuberculosis in cattle were carried out up until 1980: HRV (1953–1966), CZE (1959–1968), HUN (1962–1980), POL (1959–1975) SVK (1959–1968), and SVN (1962–1973). During the entire monitored period skin testing with bovine tuberculin in all cattle older than two years was carried out regularly either once a year or every second year. Five of these countries (CZE, HUN, POL, SVK, and SVN) joined the EC on May 1<sup>st</sup>, 2004. CZE and SVK were officially declared free of bovine tuberculosis in cattle on March 31<sup>st</sup>, 2004 (Commission Decision No. 2004/320/EC) and March 4<sup>th</sup>, 2005 (Commission Decision No. 2005/179/EC), respectively. Bovine tuberculosis was diagnosed in a total of 188 cattle herds in the study area: 145 (77.1%) outbreaks in small herds (< 10 cows) and 43 (22.9%) outbreaks in large herds (≥ 10 cows). The last cases of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in SVK and in the CZE were diagnosed in 1993 and 1995, respectively. During the monitored period, bovine tuberculosis was diagnosed in animal species other than cattle found in zoological gardens: in two Bactrian camels (Camelus ferus) in the CZK, in one Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris f. altaica) in HUN, in one bison (Bison bison) and one eland (Taurotragus oryx) in POL, and in one dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) and two bison in SVN. In wild animals, bovine tuberculosis was diagnosed in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in HUN (n = 14) and HRV (n = 1), in six red deer (Cervus elaphus) in HUN, in 14 European bison (Bison bonasus f. bonasus) and two roe deer (Capreolus capreolus f. capreolus) in POL. Infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis were also diagnosed in four cattle and two pigs in POL, in one cattle in SVN, in one dog (Canis lupus f. familiaris) in the CZE and in one dog in HUN. M. africanum was diagnosed in one hyrax (Procaria habessinica) in a zoological garden in HRV.
18
Butler, Rachel E., Alex A. Smith, Tom A. Mendum, Aneesh Chandran, Huihai Wu, Louise Lefrançois, Mark Chambers, Thierry Soldati e Graham R. Stewart. "Mycobacterium bovis uses the ESX-1 Type VII secretion system to escape predation by the soil-dwelling amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum". ISME Journal 14, n.º 4 (2 de janeiro de 2020): 919–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0572-z.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
AbstractMycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis and the predominant cause of zoonotic tuberculosis in people. Bovine tuberculosis occurs in farmed cattle but also in a variety of wild animals, which form a reservoir of infection. Although direct transmission of tuberculosis occurs between mammals, the low frequency of contact between different host species and abundant shedding of bacilli by infected animals suggests an infectious route via environmental contamination. Other intracellular pathogens that transmit via the environment deploy strategies to survive or exploit predation by environmental amoebae. To explore if M. bovis has this capability, we investigated its interactions with the soil and dung-dwelling amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum. We demonstrated that M. bovis evades phagocytosis and destruction by D. discoideum and actively transits through the amoeba using the ESX-1 Type VII Secretion System as part of a programme of mechanisms, many of which have been co-opted as virulence factors in the mammalian host. This capacity of M. bovis to utilise an environmental stage between mammalian hosts may enhance its transmissibility. In addition, our data provide molecular evidence to support an evolutionary role for amoebae as training grounds for the pathogenic M. tuberculosis complex.
19
Demissie, Kassa, Jirata Shiferaw, Girmay Medhin, Aboma Zewude, Asegedech Sirak, Takele Abayneh, Gezahegne Mamo e Gobena Ameni. "Prevalence and risk factors of swine tuberculosis in central Ethiopia". Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 24, n.º 2 (10 de novembro de 2020): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/evj.v24i2.2.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
There is paucity of information in the epidemiology and pathology of tuberculosis in swine though the endemic occurrence of bovine tuberculosis was elucidated in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was employed to investigate the epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium avium complex in swine. The study was conducted from September 2016 to December 2017 using single intradermal comparative tuberculin test, gross pathology and histopathology. Tuberculin test was carried out in farmed swine of central Ethiopia while the necropsy at Addis Ababa Abattoirs Enterprise, Ethiopia. Of the total 329 heads of swine tuberculin tested by bovine purified protein derivative antigen, an animal level prevalence of 3% (95% CI: 2-6) and a herd level prevalence of 11% (95% CI: 1-49) were observed at a cut-off value of >2mm. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the protective exposure effect of body condition to tuberculin test positivity in swine (Adjusted OR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.0-1.1; P: 0.055). Swine were predominantly in close proximity with dairy cattle which is an important risk factor for the transmission of bovine tuberculosis from cattle to swine. Necropsy study of tuberculosis-like lesions in 640 heads of swine revealed an overall lesion prevalence of 4.1 % (95 CI: 2.8-6.0). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the occurrence of swine tuberculosis in low prevalence in farmed swine and swine slaughtered atAddis Ababa Abattoirs Enterprise in central Ethiopia. Further in-depth study covering larger sample size and wider areas is warranted so as to identify the prevalent species and their zoonotic importance.
Keywords: Abattoir; Epidemiology; Ethiopia; Pathology; Swine; Tuberculosis
20
Aranha, José, Ana Carolina Abrantes, Raquel Gonçalves, Rui Miranda, João Serejo e Madalena Vieira-Pinto. "GIS as an Epidemiological Tool to Monitor the Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Tuberculosis in Large Game in a High-Risk Area in Portugal". Animals 11, n.º 8 (11 de agosto de 2021): 2374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082374.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Since April 2011, Portugal has implemented specific national legislation (Notice No. 1/2011), defining “Epidemiologic Risk Areas for Bovine Tuberculosis in Large Game” and mitigation measures in these areas, including Idanha-a-Nova county. A GIS project was created to record information that would allow us to analyse the spatial–temporal distribution, both for hunting bags and tuberculosis occurrence, in hunted wild boar and red deer in Idanha-a-Nova. Hunting bag and tuberculosis-like lesion data were recorded during post-mortem inspection across 11 hunting seasons, totalling 9844 animals. The difference in tuberculosis occurrence for these species was statistically significant in nearly all 11 seasons, with wild boars presenting approximately twice the occurrence of red deer. No significant difference was noted before and after the Notice No. 1/2011 implementation. These results, following GIS-based spatial analysis, enable us to state that both large game species displayed an irregular tuberculosis pattern for the 2006–2016 period, and we identified some specific areas of high risk for both species. Southern areas of the county may be considered the priority for intervention. This research demonstrates the potential of GIS tools to evaluate, in the field, the results and efficacy of legislation such as Notice No. 1/2011, and to ensure the correct implementation of cost-effective mitigation strategies for tuberculosis in large game species.
21
Vordermeier, H. Martin, Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos, Paul J. Cockle, Martin McAulay, Shelley G. Rhodes, Tyler Thacker, Sarah C. Gilbert et al. "Viral Booster Vaccines Improve Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Induced Protection against Bovine Tuberculosis". Infection and Immunity 77, n.º 8 (1 de junho de 2009): 3364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00287-09.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
ABSTRACT Previous work with small-animal laboratory models of tuberculosis has shown that vaccination strategies based on heterologous prime-boost protocols using Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to prime and modified vaccinia virus Ankara strain (MVA85A) or recombinant attenuated adenoviruses (Ad85A) expressing the mycobacterial antigen Ag85A to boost may increase the protective efficacy of BCG. Here we report the first efficacy data on using these vaccines in cattle, a natural target species of tuberculous infection. Protection was determined by measuring development of disease as an end point after M. bovis challenge. Either Ad85A or MVA85A boosting resulted in protection superior to that given by BCG alone: boosting BCG with MVA85A or Ad85A induced significant reduction in pathology in four/eight parameters assessed, while BCG vaccination alone did so in only one parameter studied. Protection was particularly evident in the lungs of vaccinated animals (median lung scores for naïve and BCG-, BCG/MVA85A-, and BCG/Ad85A-vaccinated animals were 10.5, 5, 2.5, and 0, respectively). The bacterial loads in lymph node tissues were also reduced after viral boosting of BCG-vaccinated calves compared to those in BCG-only-vaccinated animals. Analysis of vaccine-induced immunity identified memory responses measured by cultured enzyme-linked immunospot assay as well as in vitro interleukin-17 production as predictors of vaccination success, as both responses, measured before challenge, correlated positively with the degree of protection. Therefore, this study provides evidence of improved protection against tuberculosis by viral booster vaccination in a natural target species and has prioritized potential correlates of vaccine efficacy for further evaluation. These findings also have implications for human tuberculosis vaccine development.
22
COBOS-MARÍN, L., J. MONTES-VARGAS, S. RIVERA-GUTIERREZ, A. LICEA-NAVARRO, J. A. GONZÁLEZ-Y-MERCHAND e I. ESTRADA-GARCÍA. "A novel multiplex-PCR for the rapid identification of Mycobacterium bovis in clinical isolates of both veterinary and human origin". Epidemiology and Infection 130, n.º 3 (junho de 2003): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880300829x.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease that not only causes huge economic losses but also poses an important risk for human infection. The definitive identification of a clinical isolate relies on time-consuming, highly specialized and laborious biochemical tests. We have developed a method for the rapid and reliable identification of Mycobacterium bovis and for its simultaneous differentiation from other members of the M. tuberculosis complex. Furthermore, the technique also allowed us to distinguish M. tuberculosis complex members from other Mycobacterial species. The method comprises both a single PCR and a multiplex-PCR and can be confidently applied to samples of both veterinary and human origin.
23
Singh, A. V., D. Chauhan e A. singh. "Mixed infection of bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in domestic livestock species of North India". International Journal of Infectious Diseases 45 (abril de 2016): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.1002.
Texto completo da fonte
24
Pušić, Ivan, Dušan Lalošević, Dejan Bugarski, Jasna Prodanov, Živoslav Grgić, Miroslav Urošević e Diana Lupulović. "EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN SOUTH BAČKA REGION". Archives of Veterinary Medicine 2, n.º 1 (29 de junho de 2009): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v2i1.212.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Bovine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a chronicle, infective disease associated with formation of specific inflammatory granulomas. Infection usually remains subclinical for a long period, but even when the clinical are present, they are not pathognomic. Bovine tuberculosis can spread to humans through inhalation of infectious droplets and by ingestion of raw milk, and on the rare occasion through consumption of meat products. Since the disease remains a great economic concern for cattle production operations and due to its zoonotic nature, most of the countries initiated a program for the control and eradication of tuberculosis in domestic animals. In South Baåka region (SBD) three tuberculous foci were detected on the territory of Žabalj, Novi Sad and Titel municipality. The first 11 reactors were detected in the year 2004 during the diagnostic examination that was conducted according to the Program of Measures for infectious disease survaillance. The number of animals with a positive reaction to the intradermal tuberculin test was 113, 54 and 142, in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The diagnosis was further confirmed by gama-interferon test, gross pathology and histopathological examination, and definitively confirmed by M. bovis isolation from the lymph node and lung lesions. The number of estimated tuberculin reactors was 320, located in six settlements and 37 husbandries. The percent of infected animals in some herds ranged from 11.10 to 59.18%. The objective of this investigation was to determine the routes of infection and to identify risk factors that contributed to the tuberculosis breakdown in the tuberculous hot spots. An epizootiological evaluation revealed that the high herd prevalence and high animal incidence of bovine TBC in South Baåka region was associated with the following factors: lack of TBC diagnosis in pastured animals in swampy areas for a long period, grazing areas are often flooded resulting in bad quality fodder and cattle malnutrition, presence of other domestic animals on the pastures, co-mingling of animals from different herds is frequent, common water through, presence of different wild animal species on pasture (as a potential reservoir of the disease), uncontrolled movement and illegal trade of infected animals, natural breeding as well as overpopulation in the sheds during winter housing.
25
Chambers, Mark A., Fiona Rogers, Richard J. Delahay, Sandrine Lesellier, Roland Ashford, Deanna Dalley, Sonya Gowtage et al. "Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination reduces the severity and progression of tuberculosis in badgers". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, n.º 1713 (dezembro de 2010): 1913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1953.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Control of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in cattle has proven particularly challenging where reservoirs of infection exist in wildlife populations. In Britain and Ireland, control is hampered by a reservoir of infection in Eurasian badgers ( Meles meles ). Badger culling has positive and negative effects on bovine TB in cattle and is difficult, costly and controversial. Here we show that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination of captive badgers reduced the progression, severity and excretion of Mycobacterium bovis infection after experimental challenge. In a clinical field study, BCG vaccination of free-living badgers reduced the incidence of positive serological test results by 73.8 per cent. In common with other species, BCG did not appear to prevent infection of badgers subjected to experimental challenge, but did significantly reduce the overall disease burden. BCG vaccination of badgers could comprise an important component of a comprehensive programme of measures to control bovine TB in cattle.
26
Huang, Zheng Y. X., Willem F. de Boer, Frank van Langevelde, Chi Xu, Karim Ben Jebara, Francesco Berlingieri e Herbert H. T. Prins. "Dilution effect in bovine tuberculosis: risk factors for regional disease occurrence in Africa". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, n.º 1765 (22 de agosto de 2013): 20130624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0624.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Changes in host diversity have been postulated to influence the risk of infectious diseases, including both dilution and amplification effects. The dilution effect refers to a negative relationship between biodiversity and disease risk, whereas the amplification effect occurs when biodiversity increases disease risk. We tested these effects with an influential disease, bovine tuberculosis (BTB), which is widespread in many countries, causing severe economic losses. Based on the BTB outbreak data in cattle from 2005 to 2010, we also tested, using generalized linear mixed models, which other factors were associated with the regional BTB presence in cattle in Africa. The interdependencies of predictors and their correlations with BTB presence were examined using path analysis. Our results suggested a dilution effect, where increased mammal species richness was associated with reduced probability of BTB presence after adjustment for cattle density. In addition, our results also suggested that areas with BTB infection in the preceding year, higher cattle density and larger percentage of area occupied by African buffalo were more likely to report BTB outbreaks. Climatic variables only indirectly influenced the risk of BTB presence through their effects on cattle density and wildlife distribution. Since most studies investigating the role of wildlife species on BTB transmission only involve single-species analysis, more efforts are needed to better understand the effect of the structure of wildlife communities on BTB dynamics.
27
Krajewska-Wędzina, Monika, Monika Kozińska, Łukasz Radulski, Marek Lipiec, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Marcin Weiner e Krzysztof Szulowski. "Molecular characterisation of the Mycobacterium bovis causing bovine tuberculosis outbreaks in Poland". Journal of Veterinary Research 64, n.º 1 (20 de janeiro de 2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2020-0003.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
AbstractIntroductionSince 2009, Poland has been recognised as a country officially free of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), although in each year of the last five there were from 8 to 18 outbreaks of the disease. In 2008–2016, the largest number of cattle infected with bovine mycobacteria were eliminated in the Masovian Province (the central region of Poland) and the largest number of outbreaks of this zoonosis were recorded in this area. The close proximity of farms where bTB was found led to the suspicion that tuberculosis could have been transmitted between the affected herds. The aim of the study was the molecular characterisation of the pertinent M. bovis/caprae strains and determination of the epidemiological relationship of various bTB outbreaks.Material and MethodsThe material for microbiological tests came from 119 cattle (Bos taurus) from nine herds located in five provinces, neighbouring the Masovian Province.ResultsLaboratory tests of tissue material gave results confirming tuberculosis in 54 (45%) animals. All strains belonged to the Mycobacterium bovis species. A two-step analysis of genetic affinity allowed 50 strains to be identified as phylogenetically closely related and separated between three genetic clusters consisting of 2 to 27 strains.ConclusionBased on the results of genotyping, bTB outbreaks were found in three herds, and three transmission chains were identified among these herds.
28
Queval, Christophe J., Antony Fearns, Laure Botella, Alicia Smyth, Laura Schnettger, Morgane Mitermite, Esen Wooff et al. "Macrophage-specific responses to human- and animal-adapted tubercle bacilli reveal pathogen and host factors driving multinucleated cell formation". PLOS Pathogens 17, n.º 3 (15 de março de 2021): e1009410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009410.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is a group of related pathogens that cause tuberculosis (TB) in mammals. MTBC species are distinguished by their ability to sustain in distinct host populations. While Mycobacterium bovis (Mbv) sustains transmission cycles in cattle and wild animals and causes zoonotic TB, M. tuberculosis (Mtb) affects human populations and seldom causes disease in cattle. The host and pathogen determinants underlying host tropism between MTBC species are still unknown. Macrophages are the main host cell that encounters mycobacteria upon initial infection, and we hypothesised that early interactions between the macrophage and mycobacteria influence species-specific disease outcome. To identify factors that contribute to host tropism, we analysed blood-derived primary human and bovine macrophages (hMϕ or bMϕ, respectively) infected with Mbv and Mtb. We show that Mbv and Mtb reside in different cellular compartments and differentially replicate in hMϕ whereas both Mbv and Mtb efficiently replicate in bMϕ. Specifically, we show that out of the four infection combinations, only the infection of bMϕ with Mbv promoted the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs), a hallmark of tuberculous granulomas. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that both MPB70 from Mbv and extracellular vesicles released by Mbv-infected bMϕ promote macrophage multinucleation. Importantly, we extended our in vitro studies to show that granulomas from Mbv-infected but not Mtb-infected cattle contained higher numbers of MNGCs. Our findings implicate MNGC formation in the contrasting pathology between Mtb and Mbv for the bovine host and identify MPB70 from Mbv and extracellular vesicles from bMϕ as mediators of this process.
29
SINTAYEHU, DEJENE W., IGNAS M. A. HEITKÖNIG, HERBERT H. T. PRINS, ZEWDU K. TESSEMA e WILLEM F. DE BOER. "Effect of host diversity and species assemblage composition on bovine tuberculosis (bTB) risk in Ethiopian cattle". Parasitology 144, n.º 6 (30 de janeiro de 2017): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016002511.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
SUMMARYCurrent theories on diversity–disease relationships describe host species diversity and species identity as important factors influencing disease risk, either diluting or amplifying disease prevalence in a community. Whereas the simple term ‘diversity’ embodies a set of animal community characteristics, it is not clear how different measures of species diversity are correlated with disease risk. We therefore tested the effects of species richness, Pielou's evenness and Shannon's diversity on bovine tuberculosis (bTB) risk in cattle in the Afar Region and Awash National Park between November 2013 and April 2015. We also analysed the identity effect of a particular species and the effect of host habitat use overlap on bTB risk. We used the comparative intradermal tuberculin test to assess the number of bTB-infected cattle. Our results suggested a dilution effect through species evenness. We found that the identity effect of greater kudu – a maintenance host – confounded the dilution effect of species diversity on bTB risk. bTB infection was positively correlated with habitat use overlap between greater kudu and cattle. Different diversity indices have to be considered together for assessing diversity–disease relationships, for understanding the underlying causal mechanisms. We posit that unpacking diversity metrics is also relevant for formulating disease control strategies to manage cattle in ecosystems characterized by seasonally limited resources and intense wildlife–livestock interactions.
30
Jia, Kun, Miao Yu, Gui-Hong Zhang, Jun Zhang, Zhi-Xiong Lin, Chang-Bao Luo, Hai-Qiong Yu e Shou-Jun Li. "Detection and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis from clinical species using DNA microarrays". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 24, n.º 1 (10 de outubro de 2011): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638711417141.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the use of DNA microarray for the rapid and direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis in bovine milk, blood, and pharyngeal swab samples, and to compare the use of DNA microarrays with current molecular detection techniques. The present study describes a microarray assay based on mtp40 and pncA gene sequences, which can be used to detect M. tuberculosis and M. bovis species. Each probe was spotted onto a silylated glass slide with an arrayer and used for hybridization with fluorescently labeled DNA derived from amplified DNA samples. The detection limit for mycobacterial DNA using this DNA microarray method was 50 fg (5 tubercle bacilli). Mycobacterium tuberculosis and/or M. bovis was detected in 7.1% (24/336) of the cattle specimens using the DNA microarray compared to 6.0% (20/336) using culture methods. Mixed infections were detected in 3 animals using the DNA microarray method, whereas the mixed infections were detected in 2 animals using either culture or polymerase chain reaction methods. The use of ancillary in vitro tests alongside the DNA microarray enhanced the detection of cattle infected with M. tuberculosis and/or M. bovis and reduced the number of false-positive animals that would be culled. More species may be easily added to this system, and supplementary probes can be added to increase the simultaneous detection power.
31
Barua, Acheenta, Himangshu Raj, Chandrani Goswami, Pranita Konwar e Jyoti Chutia. "Bovine Tuberculosis- Abattoir Prevalence, Species Identification and Its Economic Impact Assessment of Assam and Meghalaya". International Journal of Livestock Research 8, n.º 5 (2018): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20180209095048.
Texto completo da fonte
32
Risco, David, Remigio Martínez, María Bravo, Pedro Fernández Llario, Rosario Cerrato, Waldo Luis Garcia-Jiménez, Pilar Gonçalves et al. "Nasal shedding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in wild boar is related to generalised tuberculosis and concomitant infections". Veterinary Record 185, n.º 20 (12 de setembro de 2019): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105511.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
BackgroundWild boar is an important reservoir of Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis, the main causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). A proportion of tuberculosis (TB)-affected wild boars shed M tuberculosis by nasal route, favouring the maintenance of bTB in a multihost scenario. The aim of this work was to assess if M tuberculosis nasal excretion is influenced by factors commonly associated with high TB prevalence in wild boar.MethodsTB diagnosis and M tuberculosis isolation were carried out in 112 hunted wild boars from mid-western Spain. The association between the presence of M tuberculosis DNA in nasal secretions and explanatory factors was explored using partial least squares regression (PLSR) approaches.ResultsDNA from M tuberculosis was detected in 40.8 per cent nasal secretions of the TB-affected animals. Explanatory factors provided a first significant PLSR X’s component, explaining 25.70 per cent of the variability observed in M tuberculosis nasal shedding. The presence of M tuberculosis in nasal secretions is more probable in animals suffering from generalised TB and mainly coinfected with Metastrongylus species and porcine circovirus type 2, explaining nearly 90 per cent of the total variance of this model.ConclusionMeasures aiming to control these factors could be useful to reduce M tuberculosis shedding in wild boar.
33
Vordermeier, H. Martin, Jemma Brown, Paul J. Cockle, Willeke P. J. Franken, Sandra M. Arend, Tom H. M. Ottenhoff, Keith Jahans e R. Glyn Hewinson. "Assessment of Cross-Reactivity between Mycobacterium bovis and M. kansasii ESAT-6 and CFP-10 at the T-Cell Epitope Level". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 14, n.º 9 (1 de agosto de 2007): 1203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00116-07.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
ABSTRACT Cross-reactivity between Mycobacterium kansasii ESAT-6 and CFP-10 homologues and their M. bovis counterparts can confound the interpretation of immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis. M. kansasii is a nontuberculous mycobacterial species cultured from skin test-positive cattle in Great Britain. Using peptides derived from M. bovis and M. kansasii ESAT-6 and CFP-10 regions that differ between these species, we investigated the species specificity and cross-reactivity at the level of individual bovine T-cell epitopes. Our results demonstrated that all peptides tested are fully cross-reactive, with the exception of one ESAT-6-derived peptide that harbored an M. bovis-specific epitope(s) when it was recognized in the context of bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DQ but that was cross-reactive with its M. kansasii homologues when it was restricted by BoLA-DR. This observation further highlights that prediction of species specificity by comparing sequence identity/homology alone is not sufficient and that individuals with diverse major histocompatibility complex constellations need to be tested to characterize the cross-reactivity or species specificity of peptide-based reagents.
34
HUANG, Z. Y. X., C. XU, F. VAN LANGEVELDE, H. H. T. PRINS, K. BEN JEBARA e W. F. DE BOER. "Dilution effect and identity effect by wildlife in the persistence and recurrence of bovine tuberculosis". Parasitology 141, n.º 7 (10 de março de 2014): 981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182013002357.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
SUMMARYCurrent theories on disease-diversity relationships predict a strong influence of host richness on disease transmission. In addition, identity effect, caused by the occurrence of particular species, can also modify disease risk. We tested the richness effect and the identity effects of mammal species on bovine tuberculosis (bTB), based on the regional bTB outbreak data in cattle from 2005–2010 in Africa. Besides, we also tested which other factors were associated with the regional bTB persistence and recurrence in cattle. Our results suggested a dilution effect, where higher mammal species richness (MSR) was associated with reduced probabilities of bTB persistence and recurrence in interaction with cattle density. African buffalo had a positive effect on bTB recurrence and a positive interaction effect with cattle density on bTB persistence, indicating an additive positive identity effect of buffalo. The presence of greater kudu had no effect on bTB recurrence or bTB persistence. Climatic variables only act as risk factors for bTB persistence. In summary, our study identified both a dilution effect and identity effect of wildlife and showed that bTB persistence and recurrence were correlated with different sets of risk factors. These results are relevant for more effective control strategies and better targeted surveillance measures in bTB.
35
Brooks-Pollock, Ellen, e James L. N. Wood. "Eliminating bovine tuberculosis in cattle and badgers: insight from a dynamic model". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, n.º 1808 (7 de junho de 2015): 20150374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0374.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a multi-species infection that commonly affects cattle and badgers in Great Britain. Despite years of study, the impact of badgers on BTB incidence in cattle is poorly understood. Using a two-host transmission model of BTB in cattle and badgers, we find that published data and parameter estimates are most consistent with a system at the threshold of control. The most consistent explanation for data obtained from cattle and badger populations includes within-host reproduction numbers close to 1 and between-host reproduction numbers of approximately 0.05. In terms of controlling infection in cattle, reducing cattle-to-cattle transmission is essential. In some regions, even large reductions in badger prevalence can have a modest impact on cattle infection and a multi-stranded approach is necessary that also targets badger-to-cattle transmission directly. The new perspective highlighted by this two-host approach provides insight into the control of BTB in Great Britain.
36
Pavlik, I., P. Jahn, L. Dvorska, M. Bartos, L. Novotny e R. Halouzka. "Mycobacterial infections in horses: a review of the literature". Veterinární Medicína 49, No. 11 (29 de março de 2012): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5733-vetmed.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Mycobacterial infections are rarely diagnosed in horses. Nevertheless, it was possible to obtain noteworthy information on diagnosis, manifold clinical signs and epidemiological relationships from available literature. It has been more than 60 years since a review dealing with this topic was published. Based on literature analysis, it was found that after bovine tuberculosis control in cattle and other animals in Central Europe, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) members were the most commonly found causal agents of mycobacterial infections in horses. At present, mycobacterial infections caused both by M. tuberculosis complex and MAC are occasionally diagnosed in horses inCentral Europe. Finally, under certain conditions, horses may become a source of mycobacterial infections for other animal species or for immunocompromised humans
37
Chambers, M. A. "Review of the Diagnosis and Study of Tuberculosis in Non-Bovine Wildlife Species Using Immunological Methods". Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 56, n.º 6-7 (agosto de 2009): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1865-1682.2009.01076.x.
Texto completo da fonte
38
Varela-Castro, Lucía, Olalla Torrontegi, Iker A. Sevilla e Marta Barral. "Detection of Wood Mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) Carrying Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Able to Infect Cattle and Interfere with the Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis". Microorganisms 8, n.º 3 (6 de março de 2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030374.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Mycobacterial infections caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are of great medical and veterinary relevance. The aim of this research was to study whether small mammals play a role in the epidemiology of mycobacterioses. Four samplings of 100 traps were performed in each of three cattle farms with previous history of tuberculosis or NTM between 2017 and 2018. A total of 108 animals belonging to seven species were trapped, classified, and necropsied, and tissues were submitted to microbiological and molecular methods for mycobacteria identification. The wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) was the most abundant species (87%). No MTC was detected but six different NTM were identified (M. intracellulare, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. gordonae, M. celatum, M. fortuitum, and a not determined Mycobacterium sp.), showing a prevalence of 6.5%. No significant association was found between mycobacteria prevalence and the analyzed factors. Although a role in the epidemiology of MTC could not be attributed to small mammals, A. sylvaticus carries NTM that could be pathogenic or interfere with the diagnosis of tuberculosis. According to our results, there is a risk of NTM transmission at the wildlife–livestock interface through potential indirect contacts between small mammals and cattle.
39
Shitaye, J. E., A. Horvathová, L. Bartošová, M. Morávková, M. Kaevska, N. Donnelly e I. Pavlík. "Distribution of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria in environmental samples from a slaughterhouse and in raw and processed meats". Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, No. 3 (27 de julho de 2009): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/120/2008-cjfs.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The notification of all cases of diagnosed bovine tuberculosis is a statutory requirement, while the same is not true for other mycobacterial infections. Thus, the establishment of the true incidence of infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is difficult. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of NTM in environmental samples from a pig slaughterhouse and from raw and processed meat samples collected from supermarkets and butchers. Three species of mycobacteria (<i>M. chelonae</i>, <i>M. kansasii</i>, and <i>M. intermedium</i>) were detected in 8.0% of the environmental samples from a pig slaughterhouse and in 9.3% of raw and 7.7% of processed meat, respectively. The isolation of a single NTM species from these samples is a disturbing finding and means that raw meat may be a potential pathway for the transmission of NTM infections to humans.
40
Seo, Min-Goo, In-Ohk Ouh, Munki Kim, Jienny Lee, Young-Hoan Kim, Jae-Cheul Do e Dongmi Kwak. "Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in a Domesticated Korean Wild Boar (Sus scrofa coreanus)". Journal of Food Protection 80, n.º 6 (9 de maio de 2017): 1009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-468.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
ABSTRACTTuberculosis, a chronic progressive disease, has been reported in bovine, swine, and primate species. Here, we report the first case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a Korean wild boar (Sus scrofa coreanus). The owners this domesticated boar brought it to the Gyeongbuk Veterinary Service Laboratory in Korea after it was found dead and severely emaciated. Demarcated yellowish white nodules were found around the larynx and retropharyngeal lymph node during necropsy. The lungs had diffuse fibrinous pleuritis, severe congestion, and scattered nodules. More nodules were found in the spleen. Tuberculosis is characterized by massive macrophage infiltration and central caseous necrosis; both characteristics were found in the lungs. Histopathologic examination revealed that the alveolar lumen had marked fibrosis and exudates. Examination of the fluid revealed extensive macrophage permeation. To confirm a Mycobacterium infection, PCR was performed using two primer sets specific to the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium was detected in the lungs and spleen. To identify the species of Mycobacterium, immunohistochemical evaluation was performed using antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. The results revealed immunoreactivity against M. tuberculosis but not against M. bovis. The consumption of undercooked or raw meat from game animals may expose humans and other animals to sylvatic infection. Consequently, Koreans who ingest wild boar may be at risk of a tuberculosis infection. To reduce the risk of foodborne infection and maintain public health, continuous monitoring and control strategies are required.
41
Rhyan, J. C., e D. A. Saari. "A Comparative Study of the Histopathologic Features of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle, Fallow Deer (Dama dama), Sika Deer (Cervus nippon), and Red Deer and Elk (Cervus elaphus)". Veterinary Pathology 32, n.º 3 (maio de 1995): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589503200301.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Sections of tuberculous lesions from 23 elk ( Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and red deer ( Cervus elaphus elaphus), 12 fallow deer ( Dama dama), 10 sika deer ( Cervus nippon), and 30 cattle were examined and compared. Lesions were scored for caseous necrosis, mineralization, neutrophils, macrophages, giant cells, and acid-fast bacilli. Some differences in lesion morphology between the species were noted. Elk/red deer lesions had marked variation and often differed from bovine lesions in several characteristics; elk/red deer lesions usually had scattered peripheral mineralization rather than central mineralization and contained more neutrophils and fewer giant cells than did bovine lesions. Fallow deer lesions contained more giant cells but were otherwise indistinguishable from elk lesions. Sika deer lesions had more giant cells and fewer neutrophils than did lesions from cattle or other cervid species. Sika deer giant cells were larger and contained more nuclei than did giant cells in the other species.
42
BEZERRA, ANDRÉ VINÍCIUS ANDRADE, EMILY MARQUES dos REIS, ROGÉRIO OLIVEIRA RODRIGUES, ALEXANDER CENCI, CRISTINE CERVA e FABIANA QUOOS MAYER. "Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium Complexes by Real-Time PCR in Bovine Milk from Brazilian Dairy Farms". Journal of Food Protection 78, n.º 5 (1 de maio de 2015): 1037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-365.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Foodborne diseases are a public health problem worldwide. The consumption of contaminated raw milk has been recognized as a major cause of transmission of bovine tuberculosis to humans. Other mycobacteria that may be present in raw milk and may cause diseases are those belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex. In this study, molecular biology tools were applied to investigate raw milk contamination with Mycobacterium spp. in family dairy farms from Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Furthermore, different variables related to the source of the milk, herd characteristics, and management were evaluated for their effect on milk contamination. Five hundred and two samples were analyzed, of which 354 were from the Northwest region (102 farms with samples from 93 bulk tanks and 261 animals) and 148 from the South region of the state (22 farms with samples from 23 bulk tanks and 125 animals). Among them, 10 (1.99%) and 7 (1.39%) were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (9 confirmed as Mycobacterium bovis) and M. avium complexes, respectively. There was no difference in the frequencies of positive samples between the regions or the sample sources. Of the positive samples, 4 were collected from a bulk tank (1 positive for M. avium and 3 for M. tuberculosis). Moreover, 1 sample was positive concomitantly for M. tuberculosis and M. avium complexes. On risk analysis, no variable was associated with raw milk contamination by M. tuberculosis complex species. However, washing the udders of all animals and drying them with paper towels were weakly classified as risk factors for M. avium contamination. Positive samples were obtained from both animals and bulk tanks, which emphasizes the importance of tuberculosis control programs and provides evidence that milk monitoring can be used as a control practice. Moreover, the findings of this study reinforce the need for awareness of the problems of raw milk consumption among the general population.
43
Santos, Nuno, Céline Richomme, Telmo Nunes, Joaquín Vicente, Paulo C. Alves, José de la Fuente, Margarida Correia-Neves, María-Laura Boschiroli, Richard Delahay e Christian Gortázar. "Quantification of the Animal Tuberculosis Multi-Host Community Offers Insights for Control". Pathogens 9, n.º 6 (28 de maio de 2020): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9060421.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a multi-host zoonotic disease whose prevalence in cattle herds in Europe has been increasing, despite a huge investment in eradication. The composition of the host community is a fundamental driver of pathogen transmission, and yet this has not been formally quantified for animal TB in Europe. We quantified multi-host communities of animal TB, using stochastic models to estimate the number of infected domestic and wild hosts in three regions: officially TB-free Central–Western Europe, and two largely TB-endemic regions, the Iberian Peninsula and Britain and Ireland. We show that the estimated number of infected animals in the three regions was 290,059–1,605,612 and the numbers of infected non-bovine domestic and wild hosts always exceeded those of infected cattle, with ratios ranging from 3.3 (1.3–19.6):1 in Britain and Ireland to 84.3 (20.5–864):1 in the Iberian Peninsula. Our results illustrate for the first time the extent to which animal TB systems in some regions of Europe are dominated by non-bovine domestic and wild species. These findings highlight the need to adapt current strategies for effective future control of the disease.
44
Converse, P. J., A. M. Dannenberg, T. Shigenaga, D. N. McMurray, S. W. Phalen, J. L. Stanford, G. A. W. Rook et al. "Pulmonary Bovine-Type Tuberculosis in Rabbits: Bacillary Virulence, Inhaled Dose Effects, Tuberculin Sensitivity, and Mycobacterium vaccae Immunotherapy". Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 5, n.º 6 (1 de novembro de 1998): 871–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.5.6.871-881.1998.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
ABSTRACT This report elucidates four aspects of the immunology of pulmonary tuberculosis produced in rabbits: (i) the virulence of bovine-type tubercle bacilli, strain Ravenel S, (ii) systemic factors influencing the generation of visible primary pulmonary tubercles, (iii) differences in tuberculin sensitivity of rabbits and humans, and (iv) the effect of Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy on cavitary tuberculosis. Laboratory strain Ravenel S (ATCC 35720) was not fully virulent. Fully virulent strains produce one visible primary pulmonary tubercle for each three bacillary units inhaled. Strain ATCC 35720 produced one such tubercle for each 18 to 107 bacillary units inhaled, indicating that its virulence was reduced by 6- to 36-fold. When a low dose of this Ravenel S strain was inhaled, the host resistance (measured by the number of inhaled bacilli needed to generate one visible primary pulmonary tubercle) was increased at least 3.5-fold compared to the host resistance when a high dose was inhaled. Rabbits and humans differ in the degree and in the maintenance of their dermal sensitivities to tuberculin. Compared to rabbits, humans are 100 times more sensitive to tuberculin. Also, at 33 weeks rabbits with well-controlled cavitary tuberculosis usually showed a decrease in their tuberculin reactions of about 50% from peak values, whereas humans with such well-controlled tuberculosis are thought to maintain strong reactions for many years. These species differences may be due to desensitization to group II mycobacterial antigens in the rabbits because they have a different diet and a different type of digestive tract. M. vaccae immunotherapy of rabbits with cavitary tuberculosis produced no statistically significant effects. Experiments with many more rabbits would be required to prove whether or not such immunotherapy is beneficial.
45
Pavlik, I., L. Matlova, L. Dvorska, Shitaye JE e I. Parmova. "Mycobacterial infections in cattle and pigs caused by Mycobacterium aviumcomplex members and atypical mycobacteria in theCzech Republicduring 2000–2004". Veterinární Medicína 50, No. 7 (28 de março de 2012): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5625-vetmed.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Bovine tuberculosis was last detected in cattle and pigs in the CzechRepublicin 1995. Since March, 31, 2004(Commission Decision No. 2004/320/EC) the Czech Republichas been included amongst states free from bovine tuberculosis within the European Union. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate results of intravital and post-mortem diagnosis of mycobacterial infections in slaughtered cattle and pigs from 2000 to 2004. When bovine tuberculosis in cattle was investigated, a tuberculin skin test with bovine tuberculin was performed every year and a skin test with avian tuberculin was simultaneously conducted in the animals with a positive response. A total of 2 419 889 animals were examined with a positive response being found in 123 (0.005%) of them. After slaughter, bovine tuberculosis was not detected in any of these animals by gross and/or laboratory examinations. With avian tuberculin, 40 349 animals were tested and positive responses were detected in 43 (0.1%) of them; the incidence was similar in all the years monitored. Tuberculous lesions were detected in 209 (0.01%) of 1 967 211 slaughtered cattle. Mycobacteria were present in 40 (21.3%) of 188 animals examined by laboratory methods: 26 isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (18 isolates of serotype 2 and 8 isolates not typeable), 11 isolates of M. a. hominissuis (1 isolate of serotype 8 and 10 isolates not typeable), and 3 isolates of atypical mycobacteria. Tuberculous lesions were detected in 49 312 (0.22%) of 22 312 580 slaughtered pigs by veterinary-meat inspection. During the 5-year-period monitored, the incidence of tuberculous lesions decreased from 0.37% in 2000 to 0.10% in 2004. The following mycobacteria were isolated from 757 (33.5%) of 2 261 animals whose organs were examined by culture: 203 isolates of M. a. avium (180 isolates of serotype 2, 3 isolates of serotype 2/8, and 20 isolates not typeable), 442 isolates of M. a. hominissuis (1 isolate of serotype 1, 262 isolates of serotype 8, 35 isolates of serotype 9, 1 isolates of mixed serotypes 8/9, and 143 isolates not typeable), and atypical mycobacteria (n = 112). In both animal species, M. avium complex members prevailed: M. a. avium was the most prevalent subspecies in cattle, M. a. hominissuis in pigs. The main sources of M. a. avium and M. a. hominissuis are free living birds and contaminated external and stable environments (i.e. drinking water, feeds, and feed supplements), respectively. During the entire period monitored, miliary or generalized tuberculosis was not detected in any of the animals. The decreased incidence of tuberculous lesions in pigs was particularly a result of preventive measures adopted to control the occurrence of atypical mycobacteria.
46
Krajewska-Wędzina, Monika, Anna Zabost, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Marcin Weiner e Krzysztof Szulowski. "Evaluation of susceptibility to antimycobacterial drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains isolated from cattle in Poland". Journal of Veterinary Research 61, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2017): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2017-0003.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Abstract Introduction: Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease affecting humans and animals. It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) – Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae, which are aetiological factors of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). In Poland, the bTB eradication programme exists. Animals diagnosed with tuberculosis are in the majority of cases not treated, but removed from their herd and then sanitary slaughtered. Material and Methods: In total, 134 MTBC strains isolated from cattle in Poland were subjected to microbiological analysis. The resistance phenotype was tested for first-line antimycobacterial drugs used in tuberculosis treatment in humans: streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. The strains were isolated from tissues collected post mortem, so the test for drug resistance fulfilled only epidemiological criterion. Results: The analysis of drug-resistance of MTBC strains revealed that strains classified as M. bovis were susceptible to 4 antimycobacterial drugs: isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, and ethambutol, and resistant to pyrazynamide. The strains classified as M. caprae were sensitive to all tested drugs. Conclusion: The results indicate that despite enormously dynamic changes in mycobacterial phenotype, Polish strains of MTBC isolated from cattle have not acquired environmental resistance. The strains classified as M. bovis are characterised by natural resistance to pyrazinamide, which is typical for this species.
47
Prytychenko, A. A., A. P. Lysenko, M. V. Kuchvalski e E. L. Krasnikova. "Allergic activity and specificity of tuberculin preparations with 30-50% of weakly secreted mycobacterial antigens of tuberculosis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 58, n.º 4 (4 de novembro de 2020): 472–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-4-472-482.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Bovine tuberculosis remains a global problem. An intracutaneous test with tuberculin is the main method for determining the status of herds, which poses special requirements for the activity and specificity. The basis of cotemporal tuberculins are antigens of tuberculosis mycobacteria easily secreted to the liquid synthetic medium during growth, but a range of antigens with a low secretion index are in composition of tuberculins in small quantities. The purpose of the research is to obtain weakly secreted antigens from a production waste – autoclaved bacterial mass of production strain of tuberculosis mycobacteria (MTB) using ultrasound and nonionic detergent, to study the diagnostic properties of tuberculosis with 30-50% of such antigens. It has been determined that autoclaved bacterial mass of industrial MBT strain, which is a waste of tuberculin production, can be an additional source of tuberculoproteins, which are low-secreting (LS) MBT antigens, which in an equivalent dose are about 30% more active compared to standard tuberculin based on easily secreted antigens and is not inferior in terms of species specificity. Whereas, up to 50% of purified LS of tuberculoproteins from the bacterial mass can be included in tuberculin composition. The obtained preparation is not reactogenic, in an equivalent dose it does not differ in terms of activity from the international standard for PPD of tuberculin, but surpasses it in terms of species specificity. It has been shown that in herds with an undetermined tuberculosis status, 2.2 times more cows respond to tuberculins with 30-50% of purified LS tuberculoproteins compared to standard preparations based on easily secreted antigens of tuberculosis mycobacterium. Profound studies of reacting cows using methods for detecting the genome of tuberculosis mycobacterium and bacteriological markers of tuberculosis infection have confirmed the presence of latent tuberculosis infection in cow body. The inclusion of up to 50% of tuberculoproteins from the bacterial mass in tuberculin increases the diagnostic properties of the target product and significantly reduces its price cost.
48
MILLER, R. S., e S. J. SWEENEY. "Mycobacterium bovis (bovine tuberculosis) infection in North American wildlife: current status and opportunities for mitigation of risks of further infection in wildlife populations". Epidemiology and Infection 141, n.º 7 (9 de maio de 2013): 1357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813000976.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
SUMMARYMycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, has been identified in nine geographically distinct wildlife populations in North America and Hawaii and is endemic in at least three populations, including members of the Bovidae, Cervidae, and Suidae families. The emergence of M. bovis in North American wildlife poses a serious and growing risk for livestock and human health and for the recreational hunting industry. Experience in many countries, including the USA and Canada, has shown that while M. bovis can be controlled when restricted to livestock species, it is almost impossible to eradicate once it has spread into ecosystems with free-ranging maintenance hosts. Therefore, preventing transmission of M. bovis to wildlife may be the most effective way to mitigate economic and health costs of this bacterial pathogen. Here we review the status of M. bovis infection in wildlife of North America and identify risks for its establishment in uninfected North American wildlife populations where eradication or control would be difficult and costly. We identified four common risk factors associated with establishment of M. bovis in uninfected wildlife populations in North America, (1) commingling of infected cattle with susceptible wildlife, (2) supplemental feeding of wildlife, (3) inadequate surveillance of at-risk wildlife, and (4) unrecognized emergence of alternate wildlife species as successful maintenance hosts. We then propose the use of integrated and adaptive disease management to mitigate these risk factors to prevent establishment of M. bovis in susceptible North American wildlife species.
49
Machackova, M., L. Matlová, J. Lamka, J. Smolík, IMelicharek, M. Hanzalikova, J. Docekal et al. "Wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a possible vector of mycobacterial infections: review of literature and critical analysis of data from Central Europe between 1983 to 2001". Veterinární Medicína 48, No. 3 (30 de março de 2012): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5750-vetmed.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Infected animals in the wild, which can act as a reservoir and/or vector for the origin of bovine tuberculosis, are a great problem for national programmes seeking to free herds of cattle from the infection. The circulation of Mycobacterium bovis in the wild animal population might cause a slow-down in the progress of control programmes through the reinfection of herds of livestock. The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) living in the wild in Great Britain and Ireland, brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), ferrets (Mustela putorius f. furo) in New Zealand and wild buffalo (Bubalus arnee) in Australia are among already known reservoirs and vectors of bovine tuberculosis. In 7 countries of Central Europe (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia) bovine tuberculosis in cale was controlled as part of national control programmes more than 20 years ago. In the last decade M. bovis has been diagnosed extremely sporadically in cattle and other domestic animals as well as in wild animals held in captivity or living in the wild. This favour­able situation could be threatened by the mycobacteria spreading via the wild boar (Sus scrofa) which is susceptible to mycobacterial infection and very abundant in Central Europe. According to available literary data, mycobacteria were detected in 361 wild boar originating from countries other than those of Central Europe, such as Australia, Bulgaria, Germany, the Hawaiian island of Molokai, Italy and Spain. M. tuberculosis complex (33.9%) and M. bovis complex (39.8%) isolates were most frequently detected in the faeces and/or parenchymatous organs of wild boar. Of other mycobacterial species, M. intracellulare (3.8%), M. avium subsp. avium (3.8%), M. terrae (2.4%), M. fortuitum (2.2%), M. scrofulaceum (2.2%), M. gordonae (0.8%), M. simiae (0.5%), M. szulgai (0.5%), M. xenopi (0.5%), M. smegmatis (0.2%), M. vaccae (0.2%), fast-growing, further unspecified species (0.2%) and unidentified mycobacteria (8.8%) were isolated. Following the analysis of literary data and our own results, it was found that, in the area covered by the above-mentioned 7 countries of Central Europe, a total of 431 wild boar were examined for mycobacterial infections in the years 1983–2001. Tuberculous lesions in parenchymatous organs were found in 43 (10.0%) animals. M. bovis was identified in 22 (5.1%) animals, M. a. avium in 2 (0.4%), M. a. paratuberculosis in 1 (0.2%) animal and atypical mycobacteria in 27 (6.3%) animals. The wild boar may therefore represent, under certain unfavourable epizootio­logical conditions, a vector of some mycobacterial infections in not only animals, but also humans.
50
Brown, J. A., R. J. McAuliffe e G. J. Hickling. "A new trap-catch index of patchiness in animal distribution". Wildlife Research 31, n.º 4 (2004): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03019.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Researchers and managers commonly use catch rates on trap-transects as an index of abundance for trappable wildlife species. We describe a method whereby the data collected from such surveys can be further analysed to obtain information on the patchiness of the trapped species' distribution on those transects. For certain applications, such as the management of wildlife disease, the index is likely to have significant advantages over traditional indices of spatial aggregation. One such situation is the management of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand to inhibit the spread of bovine tuberculosis within their populations. Trap-catch data from a possum survey are used to illustrate the proposed method, and the potential for application of such monitoring to wildlife populations is discussed.