Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 316th"

Thurgood Marshall (1908–1993), who would later become the first Black American to be appointed to the Supreme Court, undertook countless civil rights cases throughout his career. When the U.S. military sent forces to Korea in 1950, the all-Black 24th Infantry Regiment of the U.S. Army was among them. African American military service had long been championed by civil rights activists as a path toward acceptance because Black soldiers would be able to showcase their allegiance and patriotism to the United States and be rewarded with advancement. At first, Black troops fought in segregated units under the command of white officers. The push by activists and reformers like Marshall helped pressure President Harry Truman to issue an executive order mandating the integration of the military in 1948. However, integration was not equally enforced as many senior commanders ignored Truman’s executive order, and some units, such as the 24th Infantry Regiment, remained primarily African American.

In the previous chapter, we outlined a number of methods employed by geographers to study time–space patterns of disease incidence and spread. In this and the next four chapters we use these methods to explore five linked themes in the epidemiological history of war since 1850. We begin here with Theme 1, military mobilization, taking the United States as our geographical reference point. Military mobilization at the outset of wars has always been a fertile breeding ground for epidemics. The rapid concentration of large—occasionally vast—numbers of unseasoned recruits, usually under conditions of great urgency, sometimes in the absence of adequate logisitic arrangements, and often without sufficient accommodation, supplies, equipage, and medical support, entails a disease risk that has been repeated down the years. The epidemiological dangers are multiplied by the crowding together of recruits from different disease environments (including rural rather than urban settings) while, even in relatively recent conflicts, pressures to meet draft quotas have sometimes demanded the enlistment of weak, physically unfit, and sometimes disease-prone applicants. The testimony of Major Samuel D. Hubbard, surgeon to the Ninth New York Volunteer Infantry, US Army, during the Spanish–American War (1898) is illustrative: . . . I examined all the recruits for this regiment . . . Practically all the men belonged to one class . . . They were whisky-soaked, homeless wanderers, the majority of whom gave Bowery lodging houses as their places of residence . . . Certainly the regiment was composed of a class of men likely to be susceptible to disease . . . The regiment was hastily recruited, and while the greatest care was used to get the best, the best had to be selected from the worst. (Hubbard, cited in Reed et al., 1904, i. 223) . . . But the problem of mobilization and disease is not restricted to new recruits. As part of the broader pattern of heightened population mixing, regular service personnel may also be swept into the disease milieu while, occasionally, infections may escape the confines of hastily established assembly and training camps to diffuse widely in civil populations.

President Theodore Roosevelt’s Special Message to the U.S. Senate of December 19, 1906, explained his summary dismissal of 167 members of the segregated Twenty-fifth Infantry Regiment from the U.S. Army. The dismissals resulted from charges that the soldiers had engaged in a conspiracy of silence after some members of their regiment had attacked the Mexican-border city of Brownsville, Texas, on the night of August 13, 1906. Reported shootings by the military took the life of a civilian and seriously wounded a police officer. The message was a response to two Senate information- gathering resolutions that had been submitted to Secretary of War William Howard Taft, and it was presented together with several documents, including a letter from General A. B. Nettleton and memoranda demonstrating precedents for the summary discharges. The dismissals involved virtually all members of Companies B, C, and D (the only companies of the regiment that went to Brownsville); they also led to the expulsion of black troops from Texas and the heightening of racial tension in the United States.

Theodore Roosevelt’s Brownsville Legacy Special Message to the Senate of December 19, 1906, explained his summary dismissal of 167 members of the segregated Twenty-fifth Infantry Regiment from the U.S. Army. The dismissals resulted from charges that the soldiers had engaged in a conspiracy of silence after some members of their regiment had attacked the Mexican-border city of Brownsville, Texas, on the night of August 13, 1906. Reported shootings by the military took the life of a civilian and seriously wounded a police officer. The message was a response to two Senate information- gathering resolutions that had been submitted to Secretary of War William Howard Taft, and it was presented together with several documents, including a letter from General A. B. Nettleton and memoranda demonstrating precedents for the summary discharges. The dismissals involved virtually all members of Companies B, C, and D (the only companies of the regiment that went to Brownsville); they also led to the expulsion of black troops from Texas and the heightening of racial tension in the United States.

Abstract The Civil War and the Second World War are the greatest wars of the United States, measured by almost every dimension of involvement-numbers engaged, casualties suffered, and impact upon the nation’s image of war and subsequent military history. The War of the American Revolution, the Indian Wars, and the Vietnam War were of longer duration, but they did not involve the degree of unified national commitment and participation of the 1860s and 1940s wars. While without the Revolution there would be no United States of America, so that the war of 1775-83 was of unique importance in that respect, still the achievement of American independence represents the remarkable accomplishment of his life. Thirty-three-year-old George W. Outman had enlisted the summer before in the 73rd Illinois, a new infantry regiment organized and commanded by a Methodist preacher named James F. Jaquess. After falling sick and spending a good many weeks in an army hospital, Outman returned to duty in time to become one of the casualties at Stones River, arguably the bloodiest battle of the war. According to his company com­mander (who described him as a man 5 feet, 9½ inch ones River, arguably the bloodiest battle of the war.

In 2021–2022, the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1 RAR), experimented to develop a ‘disrupt force’ consisting of light infantry augmented with uncrewed aerial systems and ground vehicles. This group operated ahead of other forces to report on the opposing force, but also ambushed enemy reinforcement and withdrawal routes. The disrupt force actively attacked and degraded opposing forces and their plans, isolating objectives and setting the conditions for friendly combat teams to conduct decisive manoeuvre. The aims of this experiment were twofold: to provide feedback on individual pl