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1
Jha, Nand Kishore. "Design of a complementary silicon-germanium variable gain amplifier". Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24614.
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Oksasoglu, Ali 1960. "GAIN-BANDWIDTH EFFECTS IN THE STATE-VARIABLE FILTERS". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276419.
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Häkkinen, J. (Juha). "Integrated RF building blocks for base station applications". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951426908X.
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Abstract
This thesis studies the level of performance achievable using today's standard IC processes in the integrated RF subcircuits of the modern GSM base station. The thesis concentrates on those circuit functions, i.e. I/Q modulators, variable gain amplifiers and frequency synthesizers, most relevant for integration in the base station environment as pinpointed by studying the receiver/transmitter architectures available today.
Several RF integrated circuits have been designed, fabricated and their level of performance measured. All main circuits were fabricated in a standard double-metal double-poly 1.2 and 0.8 μm BiCMOS process. Key circuit structures and their measured properties are: 90° phase shifter with ±1° phase error with VCC = 4.5…5.5 V and T = -10…+85 °C, I/Q modulator suitable for operation at output frequencies from 100 MHz to 1 GHz and baseband frequencies from 60 to 500 kHz (2.0 mm × 2.0 mm, 100 mA, 5.0 V) with LO suppression of 38 dBc and image rejection of 41 dBc, temperature compensated DC to 1.5 GHz variable gain amplifier (1.15 mm × 2.00 mm, 100 mA, 5.0 V) with a linear 50 dB gain adjustment range, maximum gain of 18.5 dB and gain variation of 1 dB up to 700 MHz over the whole operating conditions range of VCC = 4.5…5.5 V and T = -10…+85 °C, a complete bipolar semicustom synthesizer (90…122 mA, 5.0 V) and two complete full-custom BiCMOS synthesizer chips including all building blocks of a PLL-based synthesizer except for the voltage controlled oscillator and the loop filter. The synthesizers include circuit structures such as ∼2 GHz multi-modulus divider and low-noise programmable phase detector/charge pump (18.7 pA/√Hz at Iout = 500 μA) and have an exemplar phase noise performance of -110 dBc/Hz at 200 kHz offset.
One of the main problems of the integer-N PLL based synthesizer when used in a multichannel telecommunications system is the level of spurious signals at the output, when the synthesizer is optimised for fast frequency switching. Therefore, a method using only two current pulses to make the frequency step response of the loop faster, thus allowing a narrower loop bandwidth to be used for additional spur suppression, is proposed. The operation of the proposed speed-up method is analysed mathematically and verified by measurements of an existing RF-IC synthesizer operating at 800 MHz. Measurements show that simple current pulses can be used to speed up the channel switching of a practical RF synthesizer having a frequency step time in the tens of μs range. In the example, a 7.65 MHz frequency step was made seven times faster using the proposed method.
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Paro, Filho Pedro Emiliano. "A variable-gain transimpedance amplifier for MEMS-based oscillators = Um amplificador de transimpedância de ganho variável para aplicação em osciladores baseados em MEMS". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259292.
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Orientador: José Alexandre DinizDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T16:11:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ParoFilho_PedroEmiliano_M.pdf: 39204453 bytes, checksum: 8ea6c789b126029d1ff5b579bdd25102 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Um amplificador de transimpedância (TIA) de ganho variável é apresentado. Implementado em tecnologia 0,18 'mi'm, o projeto relatado possui a finalidade de prover um amplificador de sustentação para osciladores baseados em ressonadores do tipo MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System). Entre outros, as peculiaridades de projeto envolvem um desafiante compromisso entre Ganho, Largura de Banda, Ruído e Consumo de potência. Sendo assim, o amplificador foi implementado através do cascateamento de quatro estágios de ganho similares, lançando-se mão de realimentação do tipo shunt-shunt para diminuir as impedâncias de entrada e saída. Através do emprego de um estágio de ganho variável, uma alta faixa dinâmica de ganho é alcançada (53 dB), com um ganho máximo de transimpedância de 118 dB'ômega'...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: A variable gain Transimpedance Amplifier (TIA) is presented. Realized in 0.18 'mi'm technology, this amplifier was conceived with the purpose of providing oscillation sustaining for Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) based oscillators. Facing a quite challenging trade-off between Gain, Bandwidth, Noise and Power consumption, the TIA was implemented through the cascade of four similar gain stages, with the application of shunt-shunt feedback to lower both input and output resistances. With the employment of a variable-gain stage, this TIA presents a large gain tunability of 53 dB, with a also large maximum transimpedance gain of 118 dB'omega'...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document
Mestrado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Rahmatian, Behnoosh. "A 75-dB digitally programmable CMOS variable gain amplifier". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32248.
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A 75-dB DIGITALLY PROGRAMMABLE CMOS VARIABLE GAIN AMPLIFIER
Variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs) are essential building blocks of many communication systems.
In this thesis, a monolithic low-power digitally programmable VGA with 75dB of gain range is
presented. The VGA is targeted for power line communication systems in particular for
automotive application; however, it is a generic block that can be use in other applications. The
core of the design is based on the low-distortion source-degenerated differential amplifier
structure. A gm-boosting circuit is also used to provide higher gain and improve gain accuracy.
In this work, to control the gain a new technique is used which is based on digitally controlling:
1) the source-degeneration resistance, and 2) an additional resistance between the differential
output nodes of each gain stage. The changes in the source-degeneration resistance handle the
coarse tuning, and the changes in the latter resistance are used for fine gain tuning.
The overall VGA consists of three such gain stages. As a proof of concept, a single gain stage
with a gain range of 24dB and programmable in 2dB gain steps has been fabricated in a 0.18μm
CMOS technology. The chip is tested and measurement results are obtained. Based on these
measurement results, the design of the gain stage is optimized and a three-stage 75dB VGA is
designed. Each stage has a digitally tunable gain range of 25dB, and fine gain tuning of 2.5dB
per step. The bandwidth of the VGA is higher than 140MHz, and the gain error is less than
0.3dB. The overall VGA draws 6.5mA from a 1.8V supply. The noise figure of the system at
maximum gain is 12.5dB, and the IIP3 is 14.4dBm at minimum gain. These performance
parameters are either better or compare favorably with the reported state-of-the-art VGAs.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Krishnanji, Sivasankari. "Design of a variable gain amplifier for an ultrawideband receiver". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2576.
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A fully differential CMOS variable gain amplifier (VGA) has been designed for
an ultra-wideband receiver. The VGA comprises of two variable gain stages followed by
a post amplifier stage. The interface between the digital control block and the analog
VGA is formed by a digital-to-analog converter and an exponential voltage generator.
The gain of the VGA varies dB-linearly from 0 to 52 dB with respect to the control
voltage. The VGA is operated in open loop with a bandwidth greater than 500 MHz
throughout the gain range to cater to the requirements of the ultra-wideband system. The
noise-to-power ratio of the VGA is -23.9 dB for 1Vp-p differential input signal in the low
gain setting, and the equivalent input referred noise is 1.01 V2 for the high gain setting.
All three stages use common mode feedback to fix and stabilize the output DC levels at
a particular voltage depending on the input common-mode requirement of the following
stage. DC offset cancellation has also been incorporated to minimize the input referred
DC offset caused by systematic and random mismatches in the circuit. Compensation
schemes to minimize the effects of temperature, supply and process variations have been
included in the design. The circuit has been designed in 0.18??m CMOS technology, and
the post layout simulations are in good agreement with the schematic simulations.
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Opperman, Tjaart Adriaan Kruger. "A 5 GHz BiCMOS I/Q VCO with 360° variable phase outputs using the vector sum method". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04082009-171225/.
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Thesis (M.Eng.(Microelectronic Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2009.Includes summaries in Afrikaans and English. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [74]-78). Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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Lo, Keng Wai. "Wideband active-balun variable-gain low-noise amplifier for mobile-TV applications". Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2148237.
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PATEL, PRERNA D. "DESIGN OF A PIXEL SCALE OPTICAL POWER METER SUITABLE FOR INCORPORATION IN A MULTI-TECHNOLOGY FPGA". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1066421274.
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Ehteshamuddin, Mohammed. "Design of a High Temperature GaN-Based Variable Gain Amplifier for Downhole Communications". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74958.
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The decline of easily accessible reserves pushes the oil and gas industry to explore deeper wells, where the ambient temperature often exceeds 210 °C. The need for high temperature operation, combined with the need for real-time data logging has created a growing demand for robust, high temperature RF electronics. This thesis presents the design of an intermediate frequency (IF) variable gain amplifier (VGA) for downhole communications, which can operate up to an ambient temperature of 230 °C. The proposed VGA is designed using 0.25 μm GaN on SiC high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology. Measured results at 230 °C show that the VGA has a peak gain of 27dB at center frequency of 97.5 MHz, and a gain control range of 29.4 dB. At maximum gain, the input P1dB is -11.57 dBm at 230 °C (-3.63 dBm at 25 °C). Input return loss is below 19 dB, and output return loss is below 12 dB across the entire gain control range from 25 °C to 230 °C. The variation with temperature (25 °C to 230 °C) is 1 dB for maximum gain, and 4.7 dB for gain control range. The total power dissipation is 176 mW for maximum gain at 230 °C.Master of Science
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Chen, Lin. "A low power, high dynamic-range, broadband variable gain amplifier for an ultra wideband receiver". Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5843.
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A fully differential Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Variable
Gain Amplifier (VGA) consisting of complementary differential pairs with source
degeneration, a current gain stage with programmable current mirror, and resistor loads is
designed for high frequency and low power communication applications, such as an Ultra
Wideband (UWB) receiver system. The gain can be programmed from 0dB to 42dB in 2dB
increments with -3dB bandwidth greater than 425MHz for the entire range of gain. The 3rd-order
intercept point (IIP3) is above -13.6dBm for 1Vpp differential input and output
voltages. These low distortion broadband features benefit from the large linear range of the
differential pair with source degeneration and the low impedance internal nodes in the
current gain stages. In addition, common-mode feedback is not required because of these
low impedance nodes. Due to the power efficient complementary differential pairs in the
input stage, power consumption is minimized (9.5mW) for all gain steps. The gain control
scheme includes fine tuning (2dB/step) by changing the bias voltage of the proposed
programmable current mirror, and coarse tuning (14dB/step) by switching on/off the source degeneration resistors in the differential pairs. A capacitive frequency compensation
scheme is used to further extend the VGA bandwidth.
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Azmat, Rehan. "Design and implementation of a low-noise high-linearity variable gain amplifier for high speed transceivers". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniksystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-73449.
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The variable gain amplifier (VGA) is utilized in various applications of remote sensing and communication equipments. Applications of the variable gain amplifier (VGA) include radar, ultrasound, wireless communication and even speech analysis. These applications use the variable gain amplifier (VGA) to enhance dynamic performance. The purpose of the thesis work is to implement a high linearity and low noise variable gain amplifier in 150 nm CMOS technology, for an analog-front-end of a transceiver. Two different amplifier architectures are designed and compared. First architecture is an amplifier with diode connected load and second architecture is a source degenerative amplifier. The performance of the amplifier with diode connected load is lower than the source degenerative amplifier in terms of gain, power, linearity, noise and bandwidth. So, the source degenerative amplifier is selected for implementation. The three stage variable gain differential amplifier is implemented with selected architecture. The implemented three stage variable gain differential amplifier have gain range of -541.5 mdB to 22.46 dB with step size of approximately 0.3 dB and total gain steps are 78. The -3 dB bandwidth achieved is 953.3 MHz. The third harmonic distortion (HD3) is -45 dBc at 250 mV and the power is 35 mW at 1.8 V supply source.
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Huang, Yan-Yu. "CMOS-based amplitude and phase control circuits designed for multi-standard wireless communication systems". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44908.
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Designing CMOS linear transmitter front-end, specially the power amplifiers (PAs), in multi-band wireless transceivers is a major challenge for the single-chip integration of a CMOS radio. In some of the linear PA systems, for example, polar- or predistortion-PA system, amplitude and phase control circuits are used to suppress the distortion produces by the PA core. The requirements of these controlling circuits are much different from their conventional role in a receiver or a phase array system. In this dissertation, the special design issues will be addressed, and the circuit topologies of the amplitude and phase controllers will be proposed.
In attempt to control the high-power input signal of a PA system, a highly linear variable attenuator with adaptive body biasing is first introduced. The voltage swing on the signal path is intentionally coupled to the body terminal of the triple-well NMOS devices to reduce their impedance variation. The fabricated variable attenuator shows a significant improvement on linearity as compared to previous CMOS works. The results of this research are then used to build a variable gain amplifier for linear PA systems that requires gain of its amplitude tuning circuits. Different from the conventional attenuator-based VGAs, the high linearity of the suggested attenuator allows it to be put after the gain stage in the presented VGA topology. This arrangement along with the current boosting technique gives the VGA a better noise performance while having a linear-in-dB tuning curve and better worst-case linearity.
The following part of the dissertation is about a compact, linear-in-degree tuned variable phase shifter as the phase controller in the PA system. This design uses a modified RC poly-phase filter to produce a set of an orthogonal phase vectors with smaller loss. A specially designed control circuit combines these vectors and generates an output signal with different phases, while having very small gain mismatches at different phase setting. The proposed amplitude and phase control circuits are then verified with a system level analysis. The results show that the proposed designs successfully reduce the non-linear effect of a wireless transmitter.
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Altuntas, Mehmet. "Mmic Vector Modulator Design". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605684/index.pdf.
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In this thesis the design of a MMIC vector modulator operating in 9GHz-10GHz band is investigated and performed. Sub-sections of the vector modulator are 4-port (4.8dB) 1200 phase shift relative to the dedicated port power splitter, digitally controlled variable gain amplifier and the in phase power combiner.
Alternative methods are searched in order to implement the structure properly in the given frequency band. The final design is appropriate for MMIC structure.
4-port (4.8dB) 1200 phase shift relative to the dedicated port power splitter is studied. The performance is simulated and optimized first on Microwave Office, then on Advanced Design System (ADS) tools.
Various methods to design a digitally controlled variable gain amplifier are studied. The final topology is simulated and optimized on ADS tool.
An in phase power combiner is designed. The performance of the combiner is simulated and optimized on ADS tool.
Lumped element models are replaced with CASWELL H-40 models to achieve a MMIC structure and a layout is drawn. The finalized vector modulator is simulated and optimized on ADS tool.
Key words: MMIC, Vector Modulator, Digitally Controlled Variable Gain Amplifier, Layout
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Oder, Stephen, Paula Arinello, Peter Caron, Scott Crawford, Stephen McGoldrick e Douglas Bajgot. "Development of a Variable Output Power, High Efficiency Programmable Telemetry Transmitter Using GaN Amplifier Technology". International Foundation for Telemetering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581842.
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Cobham Electronic Systems, Inc. has developed a field-programmable telemetry transmitter module for higher-power (0.1W to 25W) airborne telemetry applications. A key feature of the transmitter is high DC to RF conversion efficiency over the entire variable output power range of 25dB through the use of GaN amplifiers. This high efficiency is realized by using a variable voltage DC-DC converter and dynamic bias control of the GaN amplifier elements. This feature is useful in that output power can be tailored to mission requirements and timelines, thereby extending battery life and increasing operation time. The transmitter receives configuration commands and can be programmed through an external data port. The transmitter can be configured for RF power and frequency over the telemetry S-Band frequency range, and has multiple data rates. The unit consists of RF, digital and power supply circuits. The RF transmitter is a PCM-FM type with a phase-locked loop, driver amplifiers, a power amplifier and a digital processor for RF control. The unit contains a digital processor, FPGA's, and flash memory. The power supplies contains all the regulator circuits to supply power to the rest of the unit, variable output drain voltage to the GaN devices, EMI filtering, under/overvoltage protection, a temperature sensor and a digital processor for power control. The electronics are housed in a compact aluminum housing.
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Ryšavý, Jindřich. "Předzesilovač pro MEMS mikrofon". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242074.
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Thesis discusses the possibility of using MEMS microphones in measuring systems. Describes the characteristics of MEMS components and shows possible realization of analog to digital signal convertor when a microphone with analog output is used. Design of the amplifier is made with respect to low noise and low power consumption. Also is shown the possibility of using antialliasing filter as microphone frequency response correction at the same time.
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Deza, Julien. "Etude, Conception et Caractérisation de circuits pour la Conversion Analogique Numérique à très hautes performances en technologie TBH InP 0.7µm". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0680/document.
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Ce travail de thèse concerne les circuits ultra-rapides pour la conversion analogique numérique performante en technologie bipolaire à hétérojonctions sur substrat Indium Phosphore (TBDH/InP). L'étude s'intéresse à la fonction principale qui est l'échantillonnage blocage. Elle a été menée par simulation de l'ensemble des blocs composant cette fonction. En particulier une étude extensive des cœurs des circuits Echantillonneurs/Bloqueurs a été effectuée pour différents paramètres électriques pour aboutir à des valeurs optimales réalisant un compromis entre la bande passante la résolution et la linéarité.Des architectures de circuits Echantillonneurs/Bloqueurs (E/B) avec ou sans l'étage d'amplification à gain variable ont été conçues, optimisées, réalisées et caractérisées et des performances à l'état de l'art ont été obtenues : des circuits E/B de bande passante supérieure à 50 GHz et cadencées à 70 Gs/s ont été réalisés pour les applications de communications optiques et des circuits de bande passante supérieure à 16 GHz cadencés à (2-8) Gs/s ont été réalisés pour la transposition de fréquenceThis thesis concerns the design of high speed circuits in Indium phosphide heterojunction Bipolar technology for High performance analog to digital conversion (ADC).The study focuses on the Track and Hold block (THA) which is the main function of the ADC. The study was conducted by simulating all blocks of the THA circuit. In particular, an extensive study of the THA main block was performed for various electrical parameters to achieve optimal conditions in order to obtain a good tradeoff between resolution bandwidth and linearity. THA architectures circuits with or without Voltage Gain Amplifier stage were designed, optimized and characterized. High THA performances were achieved: THA circuit with a bandwidth greater than 50 GHz at 70 Gs/s were achieved for optical communications and circuits of bandwidth more than16 GHz at (2-8 GS /s) have been realized for down conversion operation
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Mayer, Uwe. "Hochfrequenzschaltungen zur Einstellung von Amplitude und Phase". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88062.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit ist der analytischen Untersuchung und Weiterentwicklung von Methoden und Schaltungen zur Einstellung der Signalphase und -amplitude gewidmet. Hierbei wird zum Ziel gesetzt, die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Schaltungen als analoge Hochfrequenz-Baugruppen in Empfangs- und Sendeschaltkreisen mit einem vergleichbaren oder geringerem schaltungstechnischen Aufwand und Strombedarf zu verbessern und dies anhand von Implementierungsbeispielen zu bestätigen. Die Dämpfungsglied-Topologien , T, überbrücktes T und X werden modelliert und hinsichtlich der Phasenbeeinflussung analysiert, sodass eine Bewertung ihrer Eignung durchgeführt werden kann. Weiterhin wird ein innovativer Ansatz zur Linearisierung der Steuerkennlinie vorgestellt und mit Hilfe einer Beispielschaltung mit einem Phasenfehler von 3 ° und einem Steuerlinearitätsfehler von 0,35 dB innerhalb der 1 dB Grenzfrequenz und einem Steuerbereich von 20 dB nachgewiesen. Die Arbeit bietet darüber hinaus eine analytische Betrachtung zu aktiven steuerbaren Verstärkern, welche die besondere Eignung der Gilbert-Zelle aufzeigt und eine geeignete Ansteuerschaltung ableitet. Am Beispiel nach diesem Prinzip entworfener Schaltkreise werden Phasenfehler von nur 0,4 ° innerhalb eines besonders hohen Stellbereichs von 36 dB demonstriert, wodurch eine Vergrößerung des Stellbereichs um den Faktor 4 und eine Verbesserung des Phasenfehlers um den Faktor 2 im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik erreicht wurde. Es wird der Zirkulator-Phasenschieber maßgeblich durch eine neuartige geeignete Ansteuerung verbessert. Damit werden die sonst für die Amplitudenbeeinflussung im Wesentlichen verantwortlichen Varaktoren überflüssig, ohne dabei den schaltungstechnischen Aufwand zu erhöhen. Eine Messung der entsprechenden Schaltung bestätigt dies mit einem Amplitudenfehler von nur 0,9 dB für einen Phasenstellbereich von 360 °, was einer Verringerung des Fehlers um den Faktor 3 im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Zirkulator-Phasenschiebern entspricht. Abschließend wird der Funktionsnachweis mehrerer entworfener Vektor-Modulatoren mit einer effektiven Genauigkeit von bis zu 6 bit in Einzelschaltungen, Hybridaufbauten und schließlich im Rahmen eines vollständig integrierten Empfängerschaltkreises erbracht. Dieser erzielt eine Verdopplung der Reichweite bei einer um nur 35% höheren Leistungsaufnahme gegenüber einem herkömmlichen Kommunikationsverfahren (SISO)The present work is dedicated to the investigation and enhancement of amplitude and phase control methods and circuits. The aim is to enhance the performance of these circuits in modern radio frequency transceivers with a comparable or even lower effort and power consumption. A prove of concept will be delivered with implementation examples. By means of models of the passive attenuator topologies , T, bridged-T and X, a thorough analysis is performed in order to compare them regarding their impact on the signal phase. Additionally, a novel approach to increase the control linearity of the attenuators is proposed and verified by measurements, showing a phase error of 3 ° and a control linearity error of 0,35 dB at the 1 dB corner frequency, successfully. The work also presents an investigation on variable gain amplifiers and reveals the superior performance of the Gilbert cell with respect to low phase variations. A cascode biasing circuit that supports these properties is proposed. Measurements prove this concept with relative phase errors of 0,4 ° over a wide attenuation control range of 36 dB thus cutting the error by half in a four times wider control range. The circulator based phase shifting approach is chosen and improved significantly by means of tuning the transconductor instead of the varactors thus removing their impact on signal amplitude. The approach is supported by measurements yielding an amplitude error of only 0,9 dB within a phase control range of 360 ° which corresponds to an improvement by a factor of three compared to recent circulator phase shifters. Finally, the design of several vector modulator topologies is shown with hardware examples of single chips, hybrid printed circuit boards and highly integrated system level ICs demonstrating a full receiver. By using improved variable gain amplifiers, an effective vector modulator resolution of 6 bit without calibration is achieved. Furthermore, a multiple-input multiple-output system is demonstrated that doubles the coverage range of common SISO systems with only 35% of additional power consumption
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Cortes, Fernando da Rocha Paixao. "Analysis, design and implementation of analog/RF blocks suitable for a multi-band analog interface for CMOS SOCs". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13132.
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O desenvolvimento de tecnologias de integração para circuitos integrados junto com a demanda de cada vez mais processamento digital de sinais, como em sistemas de telecomunicações e aplicações SOC, resultaram na crescente necessidade de circuitos mistos em tecnologia CMOS integrados em um único chip. Em um trabalho anterior, a arquitetura de uma interface analógica para ser usada em aplicações SOC mistas foi desenvolvida e implementada. Basicamente esta interface é composta por uma célula analógica fixa (fixed analog cell – FAC), que translada o sinal de entrada para uma freqüência de processamento fixa, e por um bloco digital que processa este sinal. Primeiramente, as especificações de sistema foram determinadas considerando o processamento de sinais de três bandas de freqüência diferentes: FM, vídeo e celular, seguido por simulações de alto-nível do sistema da FAC. Então, uma arquitetura heteródina integrada CMOS para o front-end que integrará a FAC, composto por 2 mixers ativos e um amplificador de ganho variável, foi apresentada, enumerando-se e propondo-se soluções para os desafios de projeto e metodologia. Os blocos analógicos/RF, juntamente com o front-end, foram projetados e implementados em tecnologia CMOS IBM 0.18μm, apresentando-se simulações e medidas de um protótipo físico.The development of IC technologies coupled with the demand for more digital signal processing integrated in a single chip has created an increasing need for design of mixed-signal systems in CMOS technology. Previously, a general analog interface architecture targeted to mixed-signal systems on-chip applications was developed and implemented, which is composed by a fixed analog cell (FAC), that translates the input signal to a processing frequency, and a digital block, that processes the signal. The focus of this thesis is to analyze, design and implement analog/RF building blocks suitable for this system. First, a set of system specifications is developed and verified through system level simulations for the FAC system, aiming the signal processing of three target applications: FM, video and digital cellular frequency bands. Then, a fully CMOS integrated dual-conversion heterodyne front-end architecture with 2 active mixers and a variable-gain amplifier is presented, enumerating and proposing solutions for the design challenges and methodology. The stand-alone building blocks and the front-end system are designed and implemented in IBM 0.18μm CMOS process, presenting simulations and experimental data from an actual physical prototype.
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Emira, Ahmed Ahmed Eladawy. "Bluetooth/WLAN receiver design methodology and IC implementations". Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/49.
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Emerging technologies such as Bluetooth and 802.11b (Wi-Fi) have fuelled the growth of the short-range communication industry. Bluetooth, the leading WPAN (wireless personal area network) technology, was designed primarily for cable replacement applications. The first generation Bluetooth products are focused on providing low-cost radio connections among personal electronic devices. In the WLAN (wireless local area network) arena, Wi-Fi appears to be the superior product. Wi-Fi is designed for high speed internet access, with higher radio power and longer distances. Both technologies use the same 2.4GHz ISM band. The differences between Bluetooth and Wi-Fi standard features lead to a natural partitioning of applications. Nowadays, many electronics devices such as laptops and PDAs, support both Bluetooth and Wi-Fi standards to cover a wider range of applications. The cost of supporting both standards, however, is a major concern. Therefore, a dual-mode transceiver is essential to keep the size and cost of such system transceivers at a minimum.
A fully integrated low-IF Bluetooth receiver is designed and implemented in a low cost, main stream 0.35um CMOS technology. The system includes the RF front end, frequency synthesizer and baseband blocks. It has -82dBm sensitivity and draws 65mA current. This project involved 6 Ph.D. students and I was in charge of the design of the channel selection complex filter is designed.
In the Bluetooth transmitter, a frequency modulator with fine frequency steps is needed to generate the GFSK signal that has +/-160kHz frequency deviation. A low power ROM-less direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) is designed to implement the frequency modulation. The DDFS can be used for any frequency or phase modulation communication systems that require fast frequency switching with fine frequency steps.
Another contribution is the implementation of a dual-mode 802.11b/Bluetooth receiver in IBM 0.25um BiCMOS process. Direct-conversion architecture was used for both standards to achieve maximum level of integration and block sharing. I was honored to lead the efforts of 7 Ph.D. students in this project. I was responsible for system level design as well as the design of the variable gain amplifier. The receiver chip consumes 45.6/41.3mA and the sensitivity is -86/-91dBm.
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Nguyen, Phong Hai. "HIGHLY-DIGITAL ARCHITECTURES AND INTEGRATED FRONT-ENDS FOR MULTI-ANTENNA GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR (GPR) SYSTEMS". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1594642732791415.
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Ayad, Mohammed. "Etude et Conception d’amplificateurs DOHERTY GaN en technologie Quasi - MMIC en bande C". Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0027.
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Ce travail répond à un besoin industriel accru en termes d’amplification des signaux sur porteuses à enveloppes variables utilisés par les systèmes de télécommunications actuels. Ces signaux disposent d’un fort PAPR et d’une distribution statistique d’enveloppe centrée en-deçà de la valeur crête d’enveloppe. La raison pour laquelle les industriels télécoms requièrent alors des amplificateurs de très fortes puissances de sortie, robustes, fiables et ayant une dépense énergétique optimale le long de la dynamique d’enveloppe associée à un niveau de linéarité acceptable. Ce document expose les résultats d’étude et de réalisation de deux Amplificateurs de Puissance Doherty (APD) à haut rendement encapsulés en boîtiers plastiques QFN. Le premier est un amplificateur Doherty symétrique classique (APD-SE) et le second est un amplificateur à deux entrées RF (APD-DE). Ces démonstrateurs fonctionnant en bande C sont fondés sur l’utilisation de la technologie Quasi-MMIC associant des barrettes de puissance à base des transistors HEMTs AlGaN/GaN sur SiC à des circuits d’adaptation en technologie ULRC. L’approche Quasi-MMIC associée à la solution d’encapsulation plastique QFN permettant une meilleure gestion des comportements thermiques offre des performances électriques similaires à celles de la technologie MMIC avec des coûts et des cycles de fabrication très attractifs. Durant ces travaux, une nouvelle méthode d’évaluation des transistors dédiés à la conception d’amplificateurs Doherty a été développée et mise en oeuvre. L’utilisation intensive des simulations électromagnétiques 2.5D et 3D a permis de bien prendre en compte les effets de couplages entre les différents circuits dans l’environnement du boîtier QFN. Les résultats des tests des amplificateurs réalisés fonctionnant sur une bande de 1GHz ont permis de valider la méthode de conception et ont montré que les concepts avancés associés à l’approche Quasi-MMIC ainsi qu’à des technologies d’encapsulation plastique, peuvent générer des fonctions micro-ondes innovantes. Les caractérisations de l’APD-DE ont relevé l’intérêt inhérent à la préformation des signaux d’excitation et des points de polarisation de chaque étage de l’amplificateurThis work responds to an increased industrial need for on carrier signals with variable envelope amplification used by current telecommunications systems. These signals have a strong PAPR and an envelope statistical distribution centred below the envelope peak value, the reason why the telecom industrialists then require a robust and reliable high power amplifiers having an energy expenditure along of the envelope dynamics associated with an acceptable level of linearity. This document presents the results of the study and realization of two, high efficiency, Doherty Power Amplifiers (DPA) encapsulated in QFN plastic packages. The first is a conventional Doherty power Amplifier (DPA-SE) and the second is a dual-input Doherty power amplifier (DPA-DE). These C-band demonstrators are based on the use of Quasi-MMIC technology combining power bars based on the AlGaN/GaN transistors on SiC to matching circuits in ULRC technology. The Quasi-MMIC approach combined with Quasi-MMIC approach combined with QFN plastic package solution for better thermal behaviour management offers electrical performances similar to those of MMIC technology with very attractive coasts and manufacturing cycles. During this work, a new evaluation method for the transistors dedicated to the design of DPA was developed and implemented. The intensive use of 2.5D and 3D electromagnetic simulations made it possible to take into account the coupling effects existing between the different circuits in the QFN package environment. The results of the tests of the amplifiers realised and operating on 1GHz bandwidth validated the design method and showed that the advanced concepts associated with the Quasi-MMIC approach as well as plastic encapsulation technologies can generate innovative microwave functions. The characterizations of the DPA-DE have noted the interest inherent in the preformation of the excitation signals and the bias points of each stage of the amplifier
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Csipkes, Gabor-Laszlo. "Integrated realizations of reconfigurable low pass and band pass filters for wide band multi-mode receivers". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1145345696511-52655.
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With the explosive development of wireless communication systems the specifications of the supporting hardware platforms have become more and more demanding. According to the long term goals of the industry, future communications systems should integrate a wide variety of standards. This leads to the idea of software defined radio, implemented on fully reconfigurable hardware.Among other reconfigurable hardware blocks, suitable for the software radio concept, an outstanding importance belongs to the reconfigurable filters that are responsible for the selectivity of the system. The problematic of filtering is strictly connected to the architecture chosen for a multi-mode receiver realization. According to the chosen architecture, the filters can exhibit low pass or band pass frequency responses.The idea of reconfigurable frequency parameters has been introduced since the beginning of modern filtering applications due to the required precision of the frequency response. However, the reconfiguration of the parameters was usually done in a limited range around ideal values. The purpose of the presented research is to transform the classical filter structures with simple self-correction into fully reconfigurable filters over a wide range of frequencies. The ideal variation of the frequency parameters is continuous and consequently difficult to implement in real circuits. Therefore, it is usually sufficient to use a discrete programming template with reasonably small steps.There are several methods to implement variable frequency parameters. The most often used programming templates employ resistor and capacitor arrays, switched according to a given code. The low pass filter implementation proposed in this work uses a special switching template, optimized for a quasi-linear frequency variation over logarithmic axes. The template also includes the possibility to compensate errors caused by component tolerances and temperature. Another important topic concerns the implementation of programmable band pass filters, suitable for IF sampling receivers. The discussion is centered on the feasibility and the flexibility of different band pass filter architectures. Due to the high frequency requirements, the emphasis lays on filters that employ transconductance amplifiers and capacitorsDie rasch fortschreitende Entwicklung drahtloser Kommunikationssysteme führt zu immer anspruchsvolleren Spezifikationen der diese Systeme unterstützenden Hardwareplattformen. Zukünftige Kommunikationssysteme sollen übereinstimmend mit den längerfristigen Zielen der Industrie verschiedene Standards integrieren. Dies führt zu der Idee von vollständig rekonfigurierbarer Hardware, welche mittels Software gesteuert wird.Inmitten anderer rekonfigurierbarer Hardwareblöcke, die für das Software Radio Konzept geeignet sind, besitzen die steuerbaren Filter, welche wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Selektivität des Systems haben, eine enorme Bedeutung. Die Filterproblematik ist eng mit der gewählten Architektur der standardübergreifenden Empfängerrealisierung verknüpft. Die Filter können entsprechend der ausgesuchten Architektur Tiefpass- oder Bandpasscharakter annehmen.Die Idee rekonfigurierbarer Frequenzparameter wurde bereits mit Beginn moderner Filteranwendungen auf Grund geforderter Frequenzganggenauigkeit umgesetzt. Jedoch wurde die Parameterrekonfiguration üblicherweise nur in einem begrenzten Bereich um die Idealwerte herum vorgenommen. Das Ziel der vorgestellten Forschungsarbeit ist es, diese klassischen Filterstrukturen mit einfacher Selbstkorrektur in über große Frequenzbereiche voll rekonfigurierbare Filter zu transformieren. Idealerweise werden die Frequenzparameter kontinuierlich variiert weswegen sich die Implementierung in reellen Schaltkreisen als schwierig erweist. Deshalb ist es üblicherweise ausreichend, ein diskretes Steuerschema mit kleinen Schrittweiten zu verwenden.Es gibt verschiedene Methoden, variable Frequenzparameter zu implementieren. Die meisten Schemata verwenden Widerstands- und Kondensatorfelder, die entsprechend eines Kodes geschaltet werden. Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellte Implementierung eines Tiefpassfilters nutzt ein spezielles Umschaltschema, welches für die quasi-lineare Frequenzvariation bei Darstellung über logarithmischen Axen optimiert wurde. Es beinhaltet weiterhin die Möglichkeit, Fehler zu kompensieren, die durch Bauelementtoleranzen und Temperaturschwankungen hervorgerufen werden.Ein weiteres interessantes Thema betrifft die Implementierung steuerbarer Bandpassfilter, die für Empfänger mit Zwischenfrequenzabtastung geeignet sind. Die Betrachtung beschränkt sich hierbei auf die Durchführbarkeit und Flexibilität verschiedener Bandpassfilterarchitekturen. Auf Grund hoher Frequenzanforderungen liegt der Schwerpunkt auf Filtern, die auf Transkonduktanzverstärkern und Kondensatoren basieren
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Csipkes, Gabor-Laszlo. "Integrated realizations of reconfigurable low pass and band pass filters for wide band multi-mode receivers". Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979677483.
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Wang, Lin-Sen, e 王林森. "Designs of CMOS Variable Gain Amplifiers for Wide-Gain-Range Applications". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t67e96.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
電子工程學研究所
105
Several gain control mechanisms for the design of programmable gain amplifier (PGA) and variable gain amplifier (VGA) are presented in this thesis. In RF wireless receivers, an accurate decibel (dB)-linear PGA or VGA is required to convert the dynamic range of received signal into an acceptable range for the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Several variable gain amplifier architectures and exponential-approximation functions are discussed and analyzed in this thesis. In order to obtain a wide dB-linear gain range, a cascading gain-error-shifting and a single-stage gain-shifting technique are proposed and adopted in the PGA and VGA, respectively. Both PGA and VGA are fabricated in the 0.18-μm CMOS process for comparison. The cascading PGA can achieve a small gain error characteristic, while the single-stage VGA can provide a better area and power performance.
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Ko, Po-Ting, e 柯柏廷. "Designs of CMOS Variable Gain Amplifiers for Low-Gain-Error Applications". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bknnkc.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
電子工程學研究所
107
Several gain control mechanisms for the design of programmable gain amplifier (PGA) and variable gain amplifier (VGA) are presented in this thesis. In wireless communication systems, the received signal changes significantly. Therefore, an accurate decibel (dB)-linear PGA or VGA is required to convert the dynamic range of received signal into an acceptable range for the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Several variable gain amplifier architectures and exponential-approximation functions are discussed and analyzed in this thesis. In order to obtain the characteristics of wide dB-linear gain range and small gain error, the gain-range-compensating technique and a pseudo-exponential approximation method are proposed and adopted in the cascading PGA and the single-stage VGA, respectively. Both PGA and VGA are fabricated in the 0.18-μm CMOS process. The cascading PGA occupies an area of 0.08 mm2, consuming a dc power of 3.83 mW. A gain range of 69.9 dB with 0.21 dB gain error is achieved. The 3-dB bandwidth is measured from 19 MHz to 315 MHz in the maximum and minimum gain setting, respectively. The single-stage VGA occupies an area of 0.035 mm2. The power consumption of the core circuit is 0.92 mW. A gain range of 40.2 dB with 0.35 dB gain error is achieved. The 3-dB bandwidth is measured from 20.9 MHz to 240 MHz in the maximum and minimum gain setting, respectively.
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Wang, Po-Sheng, e 王柏勝. "Design of Variable-Gain Low-Noise Amplifiers in CMOS Technology". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46392548950397376660.
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碩士國立中正大學
電機工程所
98
This thesis presents three enhanced CMOS low-noise amplifiers (LNA). First, a differential wideband low-noise amplifier was designed by using a shunt-shunt feedback in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The measured power gain is 8.1?0.6 dB and noise figure is 3.5?0.3 dB in 2.3–4 GHz. The 3-dB gain bandwidth is 1–4.2 GHz. The input return losses is greater than 10.4 dB. The measured input 1-dB-compressed power is -8.8 dBm and input-referred third-order intercept (IIP3) is 0 dBm at 3 GHz. The power consumption is 19.8 mW from a 1.8 V supply. The second design is a wideband inductor-less low-noise amplifier with tunable power gain in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The 3-dB gain bandwidth is 0.7–3.58 GHz. The power consumption is 25.2 mW from a 1.8 V supply. The measured power gain is 14.7?2.3 dB and noise figure is 3.3?0.6 dB. The input return losses is larger than 10.1. The input 1-dB-compressed power is -13.8 dBm and input-referred third-order intercept (IIP3) is -6 dBm at 3 GHz. The gain tuning range is from -2.5 to 16 dB at 3 GHz. The last design is a gm-boosted variable-gain low-noise amplifier in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The simulation power gain is 10.13–12.91 dB and a noise figure of 3.16–3.45 dB at 3.5 GHz. The input return is greater than 14.0 dB. The simulation input 1-dB-compressed power is -20.3 dBm and input-referred third-order intercept (IIP3) is -12.2 dBm. The gain tuning range is from -1.27 dB to 12.79 dB. The power consumption is 3.4 mW from 1.2 V.
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Hsieh, Chi-Song, e 謝其松. "Novel Low-Voltage Low-Power Exponential Circuits and Variable Gain Amplifiers (VGA)". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59541005797916039795.
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碩士國立中山大學
電機工程學系研究所
90
Two novel ultra-low-voltage (ULV) low-power (LP) variable gain amplifiers (VGA) are presented in this paper. These amplifiers based on complementary MOS transistors operating in weak inversion region are composed of pseudo-exponential current-to-current converters and analog multipliers. The gain of the amplifiers can be controlled by an exponential function circuit. The proposed circuits have been verified with the 0.25μm CMOS technology by HSPICE simulations. The simulation results confirm the feasibility of the proposed VGAs.
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Yeh, Han Chih, e 葉涵之. "Design and Analysis of Millimeter-wave Variable Gain Amplifiers with Built-in Linearizer and Transformer Cascode LowNoise Amplifiers". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41274662703844394528.
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博士國立臺灣大學
電信工程學研究所
101
In this dissertation, the designs and analysis of millimeter-wave (MMW) variable gain amplifier (VGA) in millimeter-wave (MMW) regime, MMW transformer multi-cascode low noise amplifiers (LNAs) and low voltage cascode LNAs with magnetic coupled technique are investigated. One goal of the dissertation is to design and implement the MMW VGA with impressive performance in modern compound semiconductor process. Based on current steering technique and noise reduction technique, the VGA has a wide gain control range and low noise figure at the high gain state at MMW frequencies in TSMC complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) 90nm technology. Compared with conventional designs, this work presents better RF performance than the previous reported V-band VGAs. At the same time, it overcomes the linearity design bottleneck of VGAs to operate at V-band frequency, and is the first RF VGA with the built-in linearizers in MMW regime. The transformer multi-cascode amplified structure and the low voltage multi-cascode structure are also described and analyzed in the dissertation. The multi-cascode structure has the advantages of miniature size and high gain. However, since the multi-cascode structure will contribute excess noise at high frequency. Consequently, a low power transformer multi-cascode structure, which incorporates with the high gain characteristic is proposed and employed to the design of millimeter-wave LNAs. For demonstration, a Q-band LNA in CMOS 90 nm process with transformer quadruple-cascode structure and a V-band LNA in 90 nm technology with transformer triple-cascode device are fabricated. The two LNAs feature lower power consumption, better noise figure, higher gain, wider band performance and more compact size than the conventional LNAs. To the best of our knowledge, the Q-band LNA is the first quadruple-cascode LNA implemented in MMW frequency. In order to improve the high supply voltage issue in multi-cascode structure, the magnetic coupled technique is proposed. With this technique, the supply voltage and the noise figure are further reduced. Thus, the multi-cascode topology can be applied to implement CMOS LNAs for low voltage system applications. For demonstration, a Q-band LNA and two V-band LNAs with this technique are designed and fabricated by using 90nm CMOS technology. These three LNAs feature higher gain, lower noise figure, much lower supply voltage and better linearity than the conventional multi-cascode LNAs and the conventional LNAs.
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Huang, Chun-Ying, e 黃俊穎. "Design of RF CMOS Direct-Conversion Mixers and Digital-Controlled Variable Gain Amplifiers for WiMAX and 4G Mobile Communications". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26048721411844895715.
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碩士國立中正大學
電機工程所
96
This thesis investigates CMOS direct-conversion up-down mixers and a digital-controlled programmable gain amplifier for 4G mobile communication, WiMAX, and WiFi application. On the mixer part, three circuits are carried out. First, the low LO-pumped even-harmonic mixer is designed. The even-harmonic pumping can reduce the DC-offset problems due to the LO leakage and an employed a common-gate amplifier is used to decrease LO power. In the range of 4.5－6 GHz, the measured conversion voltage gain is 15±1.5 dB, IP1dB is -14.5 to -16.5 dBm, IIP3 is -3 to -6.5 dBm, IIP2 is 22 dBm, with the power dissipation of 1.8 mW. The second circuit is the even-harmonic mixer with self-DC-offset compensation, where the circuit adopts the common-mode and differential-mode feedback schemes to reduce the DC-offset level. In 2.4－2.7 GHz, the measured conversion voltage gain is 21 dB, IP1dB is -13.3 dBm, IIP3 is 0 dBm, IIP2 is 19.5 dBm, with the power dissipation of 5.94 mW. The differential DC-offset is minimized less than 0.1 V. Third, the CMOS passive direct-conversion up-mixer is designed, where the measured conversion loss is 12.8 dB, IP1dB is 5.5 dBm, IIP3 is 16.8 dBm in 3.3－3.7 GHz. On the programmable baseband gain amplifier part, the programmable gain amplifier with 0.5-dB gain controlled-step has the measured results：programmable gain range of -6.5 to 15.6 dB, gain controlled-step of 0.5 dB, IIP3 of -7 dBm, total harmonic distortions of -61 dB for 0.5 Vp-p output voltage, with the power dissipation of 9 mW.
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Wu, Yu-Hsiu. "Design and Application of CMOS Transmission Line-Based Variable-Gain Low-Noise Amplifiers in K-Band FMCW Radar System". 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-0307200814172300.
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Wu, Yu-Hsiu, e 吳育修. "Design and Application of CMOS Transmission Line-Based Variable-Gain Low-Noise Amplifiers in K-Band FMCW Radar System". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02734470050076330363.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
電信工程學研究所
96
In this thesis, the design methodology for improving the gain-area efficiency of the monolithic K-band transmission line-based variable-gain low-noise amplifier incorporated with synthetic quasi-TEM line, is presented and fabricated by the standard 0.18-μm 1P6M CMOS technology. The size of the prototype is 0.39 X 0.48 mm2, and the quiescent current is 24mA from a 1.8V supply. The gain-controlled range is from maximum gain 28dB with minimum noise figure of 8dB to minimum gain 11dB with minimum noise figure of 9dB. The input 1-dB compression point (P1dB_IN) and the input third-order intercept point (IIP3) are -21dBm and -1.5dBm, respectively.
33
Liu, Hung-Hsi, e 劉洪禧. "FPGA implements variable gains control of the variable gain amplifier". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01974566430523855947.
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碩士中原大學
電子工程研究所
97
Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) can be used to implement complex logic function and provide rapid field re-programmable ability in a single chip design application. This thesis describes the use of hardware design language Verilog and the implementation of a variable gain controller in a Variable Gain Amplifier. A top-down methodology is applied in this design to make the design clearer and easier for maintenance. A look up table (LUT) mechanism is applied to realize faster computing and simplify the design complexity. The design is simulated by Modelsim and implemented by Altera FPGA EP1C6.
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Chen, Yun-ju, e 陳韻如. "Design of CMOS Variable Gain Amplifier". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47315197247618226962.
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碩士逢甲大學
電子工程所
97
A CMOS variable gain amplifier （VGA） is presented, which consists of exponential control circuit, amplifier circuit and buffer circuit. The exponential control circuit adopts an approximate exponential equation. The amplifier circuit includes a common mode feedback circuit, the common mode feedback is required in order to prevent any of the transistors from entering linear mode operation and to maintain a specific dc value for the biasing of the next stage. The VGA is implemented in 0.35um CMOS technology and total power dissipation is 58mW at 3.3V supply. The chip size is 0.93mm2.
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Lai, Bing-Jiun, e 賴炳均. "Integrated Radio Frequency Variable Gain Amplifier". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79487323239286597680.
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碩士國立中正大學
電機工程所
96
The first stage of a receiver is typically a low noise amplifier, whose main features are to provide enough gain and minimize the influence to subsequent stages due to the noise generated in itself. In general, variable gain amplifier is employed for automatic gain control, which is used for automatically adjusting gain of the receiver path, so that the received RF signal can be easily processed by subsequent circuits. The requirements for the tuner front-ends are low power consumption, dB-linear, dynamic range, linearity and gain performance. The first part of this thesis is devoted itself abut the variable gain amplifier which was manufactured by the TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process. It is applied to WiMAX system. The first one is the variable gain low noise amplifier in which the differential topology being used due to its inherent feature of low interference. The second is the variable gain amplifier, which is addressed on the high tunable gain range. It can be use in the transmitter just before the power amplifier or used in receiver after the low noise amplifier. The second part of this thesis is the wideband variable gain low noise amplifier which was fabricated by a standard TSMC 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. In order to improve the bandwidth, two types of feedback are employed, and then using the Darlington pair to double the cutoff frequency.
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Chen, Hsin-Hao, e 陳信豪. "Variable Gain Amplifier for Ultrasound Imaging Receiver". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26783570570803995937.
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Ράικος, Γεώργιος. "Αναλογικά κυκλώματα χαμηλής τροφοδοσίας με MOS τρανζίστορ οδηγούμενα από το υπόστρωμα". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/5093.
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Τα τελευταία χρόνια η ανάγκη για αναλογικά ολοκληρωμένα κυκλώματα με χαμηλή τάση τροφοδοσίας και χαμηλή ισχύ γίνεται κάτι περισσότερο από επιτακτική. Ο βασικότερος λόγος για την ανάγκη αυτή είναι η ραγδαία ανάπτυξη από φορητές ηλεκτρονικές συσκευές για εφαρμογές πολυμέσων (laptops, netbooks, mobiles) έως ολοκληρωμένων συστημάτων βιοιατρικών εφαρμογών. Μάλιστα σε πολλές περιπτώσεις απαιτείται αυτές οι ηλεκτρονικές συσκευές να έχουν δυνατότητα διασύνδεσης σε ασύρματα δίκτυα (WLANs) και επομένως επιβάλλεται η ενσωμάτωση συστημάτων πομποδεκτών. Έτσι, οι απαιτήσεις για όσο το δυνατόν μικρότερη κατανάλωση και επομένως χαμηλότερη τροφοδοσία είναι επιβεβλημένες.
Ένα από τα βασικότερα «δομικά» κυκλώματα σχεδίασης αναλογικών κυκλωμάτων είναι οι διαφορικοί ενισχυτές τάσης. Στην παρούσα διατριβή παρουσιάζονται πλήρεις λύσεις διαφορικών ενισχυτών χαμηλής τάσης τροφοδοσίας σε τυπική CMOS τεχνολογία των 0.35μm και 0.18μm. Οι προτεινόμενοι ενισχυτές σχεδιάστηκαν με την τεχνική οδήγησης τρανζίστορ από το υπόστρωμα (Bulk-driven technique).
Αρχικά σχεδιάστηκαν διαφορικοί ενισχυτές τάσεις με τοπολογία αρνητικής αντίστασης στην βαθμίδα εισόδου. Με τον τρόπο αυτό έγινε αύξηση της μικρής διαγωγιμότητας εισόδου που παρουσιάζει η τεχνική οδήγησης τρανζίστορ από το υπόστρωμα. Έτσι, προέκυψαν πρωτότυπες δομές ενισχυτών με χαμηλή τροφοδοσία μέχρι και 0.8V. Οι επιδόσεις των ενισχυτών χαρακτηρίστηκαν από κατάλληλες προσομοιώσεις αλλά και από πειραματικές μετρήσεις καθώς κατασκευάστηκε ολοκληρωμένο κύκλωμα ενισχυτή. Η σύγκλιση των αποτελεσμάτων των προσομοιώσεων με των πειραματικών απέδειξε πως τόσο τα προτεινόμενα κυκλώματα όσο και η ίδια η τεχνική σχεδίασης αποτελούν σημαντική λύση όπου απαιτούνται διαφορικοί ενισχυτές τάσης χαμηλής τροφοδοσίας.
Στη συνέχεια σχεδιάστηκε βαθμίδα διαφορικού ακόλουθου τάσης με την τεχνική οδήγησης τρανζίστορ από το υπόστρωμα και τροφοδοσία 1V. Η βαθμίδα αυτή χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως διαφορική βαθμίδα εισόδου διαφορικού ενισχυτή τάσης με τροφοδοσία 1V. Ο ενισχυτής αυτός λειτουργεί για μεταβολή του κοινού σήματος εισόδου μεταξύ των άκρων της τροφοδοσίας. Ο ακόλουθος τάσης τροποποιήθηκε κατάλληλα ώστε να λειτουργεί με τροφοδοσία 0.5V και χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως διαφορική βαθμίδα εισόδου σε διαφορικό ενισχυτή τάσης ίδιας τροφοδοσίας. Και οι δυο προτεινόμενες τοπολογίες ενισχυτών αποτελούν πλήρεις λύσεις για εφαρμογές ενισχυτών τάσης με χαμηλή και πολύ χαμηλή τροφοδοσία αντίστοιχα.
Τέλος με την τεχνική οδήγησης τρανζίστορ από το υπόστρωμα σχεδιάστηκε ενισχυτής μεταβλητού κέρδους. Για το σκοπό αυτό αναπτύχθηκε τεχνική γραμμικής μεταβολής διαγωγιμότητας διαγωγών. Ο ενισχυτής μεταβλητού κέρδους που σχεδιάστηκε λειτουργεί με τροφοδοσία 0.8V ενώ το κέρδος έχει εύρος μεταβολής 17dB και μπορεί να ενσωματωθεί σε βρόχο αυτομάτου ελέγχου κέρδους χαμηλής τροφοδοσίας. Για το σκοπό αυτό σχεδιάστηκαν με την τεχνική οδήγησης τρανζίστορ από το υπόστρωμα και δυο κυκλώματα τετραγωνικής συνάρτησης με τροφοδοσία 0.8V και 0.5V αντίστοιχα.In recent years the need for analog integrated circuits with low-voltage and low-power is more than urgent. The main reason for this need is the rapid growth of portable electronic devices for multimedia applications (laptops, netbooks, mobiles, etc.) and even more for biomedical devices applications. In many cases, these electronic devices provide connectivity to wireless networks (WLANs) and therefore they incorporate transceiver systems. Thus, requirements such as low-voltage and low-power are a necessity. One of the basic analog “building blocks” for circuit design is differential voltage amplifiers. This thesis presents complete solutions for low-voltage differential amplifiers in standard CMOS technology of 0.35μm and 0.18μm. The proposed amplifiers were designed with bulk-driven technique. In the first place are designed differential voltage amplifiers that include input stage with negative resistance circuitry. This way the proposed amplifiers improve the small input transconductance due to bulk-driven transistors. Thus, novel amplifier structures are obtained with a voltage supply equal even to 0.8V. The amplifiers performance is characterized both through simulation and experimental results. The convergence of simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed amplifiers circuits designed with bulk-driven technique are significant solution in the design of low-voltage amplifiers. In the next step a differential bulk-driven voltage follower is designed with 1V voltage supply. The proposed follower is used as a differential input stage for a differential voltage amplifier with the same voltage supply. The proposed amplifier is capable to operate rail-to-rail for common mode input signals. Also, the proposed voltage follower is modified in order to operate in extreme voltage supply of 0.5V. The modified voltage follower is used, again, as a differential input stage for a differential voltage amplifier while the whole amplifier used a voltage supply equal to 0.5V. Both proposed amplifiers topologies that use bulk-driven differential voltage followers as input stages are complete solutions for low-voltage and ultra low-voltage amplifiers applications. Finally, a new technique for linear transconductance variation, applicable in any kind of transconductor, is introduced. The proposed technique is used to build a bulk-driven variable gain amplifier (VGA). The proposed VGA operate with 0.8V voltage supply while produce a gain range variation equal to 17dB. The amplifier could incorporate in an automatic gain control loop (AGC) for low-voltage applications. For this purpose, two bulk-driven voltage squarers circuits with voltage supply 0.8V and 0.5V was also proposed.
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Hu, Yun-Chung, e 胡運忠. "Low Power Variable Gain Amplifier for UWB systems". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13040808438308906179.
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碩士中原大學
電子工程研究所
95
The booming development of the wireless communication technology in recent years make the relevant products, such as GSM, CDMA, Bluetooth, 802.11 (Wi-Fi), ZigBee and Ultra wide band (UWB) widely used in our daily life and became important research topics. This thesis proposes a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) that is suitable for UWB system. It consists of a main amplifier, gain control circuit, and a common mode feedback loop. The main amplifier is realized by a folded cascode amplifier with feedback and the gain control function is utilized by a source-coupled pair to realize controllable gain. A modified pseudo-exponential equation is proposed to improve the linearity of the proposed VGA. The circuit is designed and simulated in TSMC 0.18um CMOS process. The gain range of 18dB and the 3dB frequency of 610MHz at the maximum gain that meets the specification of UWB system is obtained. The power dissipation is less then 2mW at 1.8V supply voltage.
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Tsou, Shan-Chih, e 鄒善智. "CMOS Variable Gain Amplifier for Multi-Standard Receiver". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31899508987093420198.
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碩士國立清華大學
電機工程學系
92
With the rapid growth of higher data rate, integrating the analog circuit block with wide bandwidth in the baseband will be an indispensable trend in the future. On the other hand, a single circuit block which can be used for multi-standard receiver is an economic implementation way to enhance the usability of the cell phone. A CMOS variable gain amplifier (VGA) for multi-standard receiver described in this thesis aims to meet these two demands. In general, VGA is controlled by an automatic gain control (AGC) loop. As the data rate increases, the data slot which is used for the AGC loop to settle is getting smaller. A fast gain settling of the AGC loop becomes more and more important to make sure the data transfer is correct. The performance of the AGC loop can be characterized not only by a fast gain settling, but also the precise gain settling, the stable gain settling, and a low-distortion output signal. Alinear model of the AGC loop is set up and simulated with the performance of VGA modeled as the proposed one to see the dynamics of the loop. In this thesis, a proposed VGA for the multi-standard receiver is analyzed, designed, and implemented using the standard 0.18um 1P6M CMOS technology. The output signal of the VGA can be of constant signal level and contant group delay. The bandwidth of the VGA is extended from GSM 100KHz, WCDMA 2MHz to WLAN 10MHz, and designed to be adjustable for the noise and linearity concern of the total architecture. The gain of tha VGA ranges from -10dB to 20dB, and the constant bandwidth peroperty with different gain settings helps the simplification of DSP circuitry in the baseband. The total power consumption of the VGA is 2.43mW at 1.8V supply voltage. The chip area is 0.645mm x 0.465mm.
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Song, Guang-Fong, e 宋光峰. "The Design of A Variable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier". Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24520553586227143218.
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碩士中原大學
電子工程學系
87
A variable gain instrumentation amplifier (IA) has been designed in this thesis. Buffered two-stage operational amplifier and poly resistors construct the core of the instrumentation amplifier. In order to obtain good amplifier performance, the circuit configuration of the IA and its output stage, the offset and noise effects have been analyzed and investigated in this thesis. We also present key layout methods such as common-centroid structure, dummy device and guard-ring option for differential input transistor pair, compensated capacitor and poly resistors. Full custom design flow has been used in the instrumentation amplifier design. The circuit has been integrated in a 0.5mm double poly double metal n-well CMOS process. In this research, several characterization methods have been developed to measure instrumentation amplifier. In order to assure the measurements, the commercial IA device has been also tested in this research. The test results show that the proposed IA has a variable gain of 0 dB to 40dB and a common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of more than 85dB. The minimum input offset voltage of less than 1mV has been measured. The amplifier has an acceptable die size of 810×400mm2 and its power consumption is 13mW at 5V operation.
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Chen, Sz-Han, e 陳思涵. "A 1.5-GHz Variable-Gain Amplifier and Filter". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3kjgaf.
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碩士國立交通大學
電子研究所
108
For the fifth generation (5G) communication system, we use variable gain amplifier (VGA) to amplifier the baseband signal at receiver and use filter to filter out noise and any other signals which are not in the signal band. After that, we use analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to convert analog signal to digital signal for digital circuits and complete the baseband front-end receiver circuit of the fifth generation communication system. This paper is about VGA and filter. ar Due to the specification of bandwidth is wider in the fifth generation communication system, we use Gm-Miller-C filter instead of switch-capacitor filter and active-RC filter to reach the specification. The Gm-Miller-C filter is more suitable for high speed system, but the main disadvantage is the worse linearity. It is the most important part for us to improve the linearity. ar The VGA structure is based on the design of Gm-Miller-C filter and we can change the value of resistors to get programmable voltage gain. We applied the VGA and Gm-Miller-C filter as a third-order baseband chain in the fifth generation communication system and get 1.5625 GHz -3dB frequency also we can change the voltage gain from 8 dB to 40 dB for each 1 dB step. Also, we use DC-offset cancellation technique with negative feedback topology. Comparing the positive and negative output voltage and feedback to the first stage after amplifier the mismatch to reduce the impact of offset. ar This design use TSMC 28 nm CMOS process and the layout area is 198.07 x 90.88 um$^{2}$. the main circuit operate at 1 V and 1.5 V for the last stage to meet the output swing of +/- 400 mV. For the input signal bandwidth is from 5 MHz to 1.5625 GHz and input swing is +/- 150 mV, we can get SFDR is more than 47 dB, SNDR is more than 36 dB and THD is more than -38 dB. The whole design consumes 48 mW.
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陳東山. "Radio frequency heterojunctio bipolar transistor variable frequency oscillator and variable gain amplifier". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93466629235737130612.
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碩士國立中興大學
電機工程學系
91
Fabricated through a GaInP/GaAs HBT technology, a monolithic variable frequency oscillator (VFO) and a monolithic variable gain amplifier (VGA) were measured and reported in this thesis. A number of issues on the VFO and VGA were detailed as well. A new circuitry, called a Variable Impedance Converter (VIC), was adopted to mimic a variable capacitor, which was essentially an important element for frequency tuning in a LC-based oscillator design.A negative-impedance converter not only provides the necessary negative resistance for oscillation, but also functions as the voltage level shifters for the VIC. A classic circuit, called a translinear circuit, makes full advantage of the exponential I-V characteristic to linearize the tuning curve of the VFO. No external but two on-chip inductors were used in the VFO. Several operating principles for a VGA were explored in the VGA chapter. Based these principles we discussed, a wide gain control range VGA was achievable. The designed VGA consisted of a fixed gain preamplifier, a variable attenuator, and a tunable transconductance common-emitter (CE) amplifier, in which the input impedance is also controllable by a voltage controlled resistor. Therefore, by cleverly composing these functions of the controllable components, a low noise VGA with 50dB gain control range result.
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Liu, Bang-Zhi, e 劉邦志. "Implementation of 6-Bit Digital control Variable Gain Amplifier with High Linear Gain". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40855833975865745996.
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碩士中華大學
電機工程學系碩士班
102
The propose of this thesis is to design and implement the circuits of a Digital control Variable Gain Amplifier with High Linear Gain. We use HSPICE and MATLAB for circuit simulation and analysis. Circuit layout is used the Laker which provided by CIC. The Chip is fabricated by TSMC 0.18 um CMOS process. In this thesis, the variable gain amplifier is divided into two parts: Amplifier circuit and control circuit. The amplifier circuit is designed by exponential function which approximated by second order Taylor’s polynomial. The control circuit is designed by one set of segmentation control circuit. The amplifier circuit is designed by four sets of second order Taylor’s polynomial circuit at different input points and one set of segmentation control circuit. The simulated result is based on the input range of -10μA to 10μA, the power supply of 1.8V and the linear gain error within±0.5dB. The linear gain range is 108dB, the bandwidth is 37MHz to 268MHz, the power consumption is from 7.8mW to 10.1mW and the area of chip is 0.432*0.32(mm2).
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Hsieh, Chia-Yu, e 謝家瑜. "Design of 60-GHz Buffer Amplifier and Low Phase Variation Variable Gain Amplifier". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76843822133276427501.
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碩士臺灣大學
電信工程學研究所
98
According to the progress of communication techniques and process technologies, wireless communication and high data-rate transmissions become the trend of developments. Recently, 60 GHz becomes a more important developed frequency band, since it is an unlicensed band for application of WPAN, which can provide the secure and efficient short-distant transmission. On the other hand, in process technologies, because of the advantages of high integration potential, low cost and low power in CMOS, it gradually replaces other process to become a major process to realize analog circuits. In this thesis, two amplifiers, which are buffer amplifier and variable gain amplifier (VGA), are applied in 60 GHz and realized by CMOS technology The 60 GHz buffer amplifier, which can amplify signal from prior stage to input of front-end power amplifier and guarantee the maximum output power can be delivered without saturation at prior stages, is discussed in first part. This amplifier is implemented by 65-nm CMOS process, and matched by TFMS lines. With reasonable power consumption, the amplifier achieves high gain and high output power with broadband characteristics of both small-signal and large-signal due to broadband matching technique. This buffer amplifier can achieve maximum linear-gain of 23.7 dB with 3-dB bandwidth of 14 GHz with maximum saturated output power of 10.3 dBm and maximum peak PAE of 16%. Therefore, it also can be applied as a medium power amplifier. In the second part, the 60 GHz VGA, which can be applied in receiver phase array systems, is designed and fabricated. With current-steering topology to realize variable gain, this VGA is implemented by 90-nm CMOS process, and matched TFMS lines. In addition to the characteristics of high linear-gain with good flatness and large gain variation range, the technique to compensate insertion phase is implemented in this VGA. As a result, the insertion phase variation is lower than 6.6° versus gain tuning. Low phase variation VGA can be applied in phase array systems to reduce the complexity of control systems while can enhance the quality of modulated signals in vector sum modulators.
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Hsieh, Yu Da, e 謝育達. "Design of Low Noise Amplifier and Variable Gain Amplifier for Multi-band Application". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19093566999512238335.
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碩士長庚大學
電子工程學系
100
This thesis investigates on the “Design of Low Noise Amplifier and Variable Gain Amplifier for Multi-band Application”. In the future, we will integrate the multi-band LNA and VGA with the front-end receiver. The completion can be used in the 1.8/1.9/2.4/3.5/5/5.8GHz RF transceiver. The ultimate goal is to integrate the transceiver circuit into a single wafer to benefit the integration of the base-band circuit and to realize the manufacture of SoC (System on a Chip). In this thesis, LNA input return losses are smaller than those of -9 to -10dB. Output return losses are smaller than those of -11dB. LNA has a gain of 12.1 to 17.2dB and noise figure is smaller than 3.1 to 5.5dB. P1dB of -12 to -17. DC bias of 1.6V. Power consumption is 29.6mW. The chip size of 1.4×1.29 mm2. VGA has a gain of 0 to 30dB. Power consumption is 19mW. The chip size of 0.43×0.55 mm2. Three major ICs viz. Dual-band LNA, balun and VGA are designed by Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation (VIS). Dual-band 2.4/5.8 GHz LNA input return losses are smaller than those of -13dB. Output return losses are smaller than those of -14dB. LNA has a gain of 18/11dB and noise figure is smaller than 4.8 to 4.7dB. DC bias of 2V. Power consumption is 45.8mW. The chip size of 1.37 mm2. Dual-band 2.4/5.8 GHz LNA and balun input return losses are smaller than those of -9dB. Output return losses are smaller than those of -10dB. LNA and balun has a gain of 11/12dB and noise figure is smaller than 4.4 to 4.9dB. DC bias of 2.5/1.5V. Power consumption is 48.5mW. The chip size of 4.316 mm2. VGA has a gain of 0 to 67.9dB. Power consumption is 9.27mW. The chip size of 0.3 mm2. The circuits are fabricated by VANGUARD of 0.25μm and 0.18μm process, respectively.
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Yang, Hui-Chen, e 楊蕙甄. "A Short-Channel Variable Gain Amplifier with DC Offset Cancellation and Gain Calibration Loop". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63026791132656734491.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立清華大學
電機工程學系
98
In this thesis, a short-channel variable gain amplifier with digital feedback loops is proposed. For the purpose of area saving, the entire work is implemented with minimum gate length CMOS devices. This results in severe circuit process variations. To overcome this problem, two digital feedback loops are needed for the DC offset cancellation and gain calibration. The VGA circuit is based on a fully-differential gain stage with a degeneration resistor network. The resistance of this resistor network is digitally controlled to provide enough gain range and resolution. To properly set the VGA gain, the digital gain calibration loop is enabled before the VGA operates. The DC offset cancellation loop is always active to prevent the VGA output from DC saturation. With the aid of both loops, the proposed VGA is robust against process variations. An experimental chip is fabricated in TSMC 0.18-μm 1P6M CMOS process. The core area occupies 292 μm × 592 μm. The available gain range of the VGA is -3.9 ~ 48.3 dB. For a 6-dB gain step requirement, the gain error is less than 0.5 dB. The bandwidth at the maximum gain setting is 10.85 MHz. With 10-MHz 400-mVppd sinusoidal output waveform, the total harmonic distortion (THD) at maximum and minimum gain setting are -33.82 dB and -48.08 dB respectively. The output DC offset voltage is less than 20 mV when the input DC offset voltage is within -70 ~ +50 mV. The current consumption from a single 1.8-V power supply is 12.1 mA.
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Hung, Chia-Cheng, e 洪家正. "A Low Voltage, Variable Gain Design for Low Noise Amplifier". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15654715837525270170.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士長庚大學
電子工程研究所
92
In the thesis, an integrated RF circuit topology that can be used to realize low voltage ( i.e. 1V ) low noise amplifier is presented. The design technique based on a narrowband LC-folded cascode topology is proposed for low voltage RF integrated circuits. Based on a LC-folded cascode LNA topology, it is implemented with a modified LC-folded cascode LNA configuration using two common source transistors to improve linearity. The linearity is improved about 2 to 3 dB. On LC-folded cascode topology, another merit that only increases in the LNA circuit complexity is an extra gain control signal, Vtune. Gain variation is achieved by controlling the Vtune, hence adjusting the overall gain of the LNA without affecting the input noise and impedance matching. The technique is applied to the design of a proposed LNA operating at 2.4 GHz using a TSMC 0.18 μm mixed signal ( 1P6M ) CMOS technology. A low voltage, variable gain design for low noise amplifier is fully on chip between input and output. The proposed LNA chip achieves measured results of 11.14 dB for power gain, 3.981 dB for noise figure, the input and output return loss of -26.06 dB and -6.827 dB, the 1-dB compression point and IIP3 of -14 dBm and -5 dBm, respectively. The circuit has 10 dB of gain tuning, and can operate at a low supply voltage of 1 V.
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Jesus, João Elias Valente de. "FPGA based ultrasound wireless communication system". Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/41996.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Eletrónica Industrial e de ComputadoresThis work focus on the development of a platform for an underwater wireless communication system. The system to be developed is based on acoustic transducers that are projected to emit sound waves at frequencies between 100 kHz and 4 MHz in an underwater environment. The same sensors are capable of being polarized with voltage signals of different amplitudes and, for instance, being used in different modulations. The underwater environment is considered an unreliable communication medium due to countless factors acting in the propagation of the acoustic waves such as: high attenuation at long distances, low sound speed, and existence of effects like multipath and Doppler Effect. Those features make it extremely difficult to predict a satisfactory underwater wireless communication condition and enhance the need for the design of a system flexible enough to work in different conditions counteracting different water channel effects. Therefore, the system could not be projected to work at a certain frequency or with a specific modulation technique. This way, the system must work as a high power signal generator. To successful accomplish this work’s goal an exhaustive survey of all the research in this area were carried out in order to understand how these characteristics may affect the acoustic signals and those effect’s influence on the overall system requirements. Then, the project has been divided in parts such as: FPGA based modulator, digital to analog conversion unit, power amplifier, analog signal input instrumentation, analog to digital conversion unit, FPGA based demodulator and host computer user interface. After the system being developed, several practical use cases were tested to confirm its functionality and accordance with the initial requirements. Several modular tests were also made to test specific functionalities and ate the end, a on the field test was performed with a PZT ultrasound transducer. After all the testing it was concluded that the initial goals were meet and the project was concluded with success. The final system was able to polarize an ultrasonic emitter with 60 Vpp and output current greater than 3 A at frequencies superiors to 2 MHz. The same system was also able to receive signals as low as 14 μV from a hydrophone at frequencies above 1 MHz.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma para comunicações subaquáticas sem fios. O sistema a ser desenvolvido baseia-se em transdutores acústicos que são projetados para emitir ondas sonoras em ambiente subaquático, com frequências entre os 100 kHz e os 4 MHz. Os respetivos sensores são também capazes de serem polarizados com sinais de tensão de variadas amplitudes podendo, portanto, serem utilizados para emitir sinais em diferentes modulações. O ambiente subaquático é considerado um meio de comunicação problemático devido a inúmeros fatores que afetam a propagação das ondas acústicas no mesmo, tais como: alta atenuação a longas distâncias, a baixa velocidade do som, e a existência de efeitos como o multipath e o Efeito Doppler. Essas características fazem com que seja extremamente difícil prever as condições de operação naquele meio. Em consequência, há a necessidade de projetar um sistema suficientemente flexível para que o mesmo possa operar em diferentes condições e não ser afetado pelos efeitos do canal aquático. Como tal, o sistema não pode ser projetado para trabalhar a uma determinada frequência ou com uma determinada técnica de modulação. O que implica que o mesmo deve funcionar como um gerador de sinal de alta potência. Este projeto foi dividido em partes, tais como: modulador baseado em FPGA, a unidade de conversão analógico para digital, amplificador de potência, a unidade de conversão digital para analógico, a instrumentação do sinal analógico, o desmodulador, também baseado em FPGA e a interface de utilizador. Depois de o sistema ter sido desenvolvido, vários casos de uso prático foram testados para confirmar a sua funcionalidade e verificar se estavam de acordo com os requisitos iniciais. Vários testes modulares foram também feitos para testar funcionalidades específicas bem como testes em ambiente real com um transdutor de ultra-sons PZT. Após todos os testes concluiu-se que os objetivos iniciais foram cumpridos e o projeto foi concluído com sucesso. O sistema final foi capaz de polarizar um emissor de ultra-som com 60 Vpp e corrente de saída superior a 3 A e a frequências superiores a 2 MHz. O mesmo sistema também foi capaz de receber sinais de amplitude igual a 14 μV a 1 Hz.
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Lu, De-Ren, e 盧德任. "Research on Millimeter-Wave Low-phase-variation Variable-gain Amplifier and Low-noise Amplifier". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83910802420622187767.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
碩士國立臺灣大學
電信工程學研究所
100
As the progress of communication techniques and the advance in process technology, the interest in the millimeter-wave band has rapidly grown since the wide bandwidth allows high data transferring rate for short-range wireless applications. In this thesis, a low noise amplifier (LNA) and a variable-gain amplifier (VGA) are implemented in CMOS technology for W-band and V-band, respectively. In the first part, the W-band LNA, which is an essential component in the receiver, has been designed by TSMC 65-nm 1P9M CMOS process. The circuit is implemented by 4-stage cascode configuration to achieve high gain and wideband performance. This LNA has a peak gain of 25.3 dB at 117.5 GHz, and the gain is better than 20 dB from 75.5 GHz to 120.5 GHz. It features the measured noise figure is from 6 to 8.3 dB from 87 to 100 GHz, OP1dB of -3 dBm, and Psat of 0.5 dBm. The quiescent current of the LNA is 24 mA from 2-V supply voltage. In the second part, the V-band VGA can be applied in the receiver of a phased-array system. The circuit has been implemented by TSMC 65-nm 1P9M CMOS process and adopted two current-steering stages to achieve variable-gain function. Resonant technique is proposed to cancel the intrinsic capacitor and reduce insertion phase variation while the gain of the VGA is varied. In addition, the noise figure of the VGA can be reduced by using this method simultaneously. A peak gain of 18 dB with a 1-dB bandwidth of 54-62 GHz is measured. In addition, the circuit has a minimum measured NF of 4.4 dB. The insertion phase variation is lower than 6.2° while the gain is varied from 15 dB to 0 dB. The total dc power consumption is 18 mW from 1.8-V supply voltage. A low-phase-variation VGA can not only reduce the complexity of control systems in the phased-array system but also enhance the quality of modulated signals in vector sum modulators.
50
Chen, Jhih-bin, e 陳志彬. "Design of Variable Gain Low Noise Amplifier for IEEE 802.11a Application". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/824urv.
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碩士國立中山大學
電機工程學系研究所
101
The IEEE 802.11a has become the mainstream protocol used in modern wireless communication system due to its high propagation rate of data (54 Mb/s). In order to keep RF receiver to operate at linear region under receiving strong signal, the gain of low noise amplifier must be tunable to avoid influencing the subsequent block. Traditional variable gain low noise amplifier is mainly adopted in cascade. Owing to the cascade includes amplifier, attenuator and buffer stages, the more complexity and power consumption increased. This thesis utilizes dual stage to simplify complexity of the circuit and variable gain low noise amplifier fabricated in TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS technology for IEEE 802.11a application. Without sacrificing gain, the variable gain low noise amplifier employ current-reuse structure to amplifier stage to reduce power consumption, variable-impedence structure to load stage to achieve variable gain, source follower structure to buffer to improve output matching, N-type diode load and source-degeneration structure to input stage to improve input matching. The proposed variable gain low noise amplifier with 1.1 mm × 1.1 mm chip size and its 5.2 GHz operating frequency is well suited for IEEE 802.11a (5~6 GHz) application. Measurement resutls demonstrate the highest and lowest gain of 15.29 and 8.19 dB respectivly, the gain tuning range is approximated as 7.1 dB. Moreover, the amplifier shows input return loss of -16.17 dB (highest gain mode)/-15.2 dB (lowest gain mode) and very good output return loss of -17.22 dB (highest gain mode)/-19.1 dB (lowest gain mode). Simultaneously, the amplifier shows isolation of -39.42 dB (highest gain mode)/-38.72 dB (lowest gain mode). Finally, a moderate consuming power are 16.05 mW (highest gain mode)/15.3 mW (lowest gain mode) of such varible gain low noise amplifier can be achieved from 1.6 V supply voltage.