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1
Bernardo, Kelly Viviane. "Estruturas serializadas no português do Brasil: a gramaticalização de vir e virar e sua identificação como verbo serial". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-03122008-154909/.
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No presente trabalho, analiso o comportamento funcional dos verbos vir e virar, no português brasileiro contemporâneo, desde a sua atuação em estruturas simples à formação de estruturas complexas. Desenvolvida sob o paradigma do funcionalismo lingüístico, esta dissertação baseiase em dados de língua falada, coletados a partir do banco de dados do projeto PEUL e NURC. A fim de sustentar a hipótese que permeia o objetivo deste trabalho, também foram coletados dados de língua escrita e falada através do mecanismo de busca Google e, também, do corpusdoportugues.org. A partir da amostra constituída, verifico a possibilidade de derivação de um uso a outro, os quais são organizados em padrões funcionais. Desta forma, são demonstrados casos em que, à medida que novas estruturas são colocadas em uso, os verbos, em análise, apresentam, gradativamente, um desgaste semântico, seguindo, assim, uma linha unidirecional de desenvolvimento. Em oposição aos estudos de gramaticalização que, segundo os autores, visam a um percurso unilinear quanto ao desenvolvimento de um léxico em que podemos reconhecer pontos e estabelecer derivações entre esses pontos, testo a validade da teoria multissitêmica, que nega o processo de derivação. As discussões tecidas culminam com a formulação de questionamento relativo à direção de mudança assumida pelos itens: vir e virar percorreriam um caminho unidirecional ou multidirecional de desenvolvimento? Apresento, então, evidências de que ao mesmo tempo em que há a derivação, apresentando, assim, um desgaste gradativo de desenvolvimento, há também a simultaneidade de processos. Ainda, com base nos dados expostos, observo o uso de uma estrutura que permanece fora do âmbito da literatura lingüística. Tratase das estruturas que apresentam seqüências verbais, aqui rotuladas de serialização verbal, em que o verbo que ocupa a primeira posição da sentença apresentase quase ou totalmente dessemantizado, podendo assumir uma categorização sintática de VERBOS QUASESERIAIS ou de VERBOS SERIAIS.In the present work, I analyze the functional behavior of the verbs to come (VIR) and to turn (VIRAR), in the contemporary Brazilian Portuguese, from their performance in simple structures to the formation of complex structures. This dissertation is developed under the paradigm of the linguistic functionalism and it is based on data from spoken language, these were collected from the data base of PEUL and NURC projects. In order to support the hypothesis that permeates the aim of this work, there had been also collected from the written and spoken language through the mechanism of Google search and, also, corpusdoportugues.org. I verify the possibility of derivation between one use or another when facing the collected samples, which are organized in functional standards. In such a way, cases are demonstrated where to the measure that new structures are placed in use, the analyzed verbs present semantic erosion in a gradual way, thus following a unidirectional line of development. In opposition to the grammaticalization studies that, according to authors, they aim a unidirectional route about the development of a lexicon, that is a representation through a line, in which we can recognize points and establish derivations among these points, I test the validity of the multissistemic theory when denying the derivation process. The studies point to an unknown/incognito formation presents among the investigated theories in this work: would to come (VIR) and to turn (VIRAR) go through a unidirectional or multidirectional way of development? In accordance with the achieved occurrences/tokens, I notice that at the same time where it has the hypothesis of that a use has derived from another one, presenting, then, a development gradual erosion, there also. Still, based on the displayed data, I observe the use of a structure that remains outside of the scope of linguistic literature. These structures are formed from a minimum sequence of V1 and V2, in which V1 corresponds to one of the verbs to come (VIR) and to turn (VIRAR) and V2 is relatively free. In this work, these types of constructions are dealt with as a verbal case of 6 serialization, and V1 is presented almost or total dessemanticized, which assumes a syntactic categorization of ALMOSTSERIAIS VERBS or SERIAL VERBS.
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Koulibali, Yelle. "Les constructions des verbes hyperfréquents dans des corpus d’écrits scolaires : Contribution d’une étude textométrique à la connaissance des usages des verbes de parole et d'états mentaux par les collegiens de (6e et 5e) en éducation prioritaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CYUN1254.
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Les recherches sur l’écriture scolaire ont longtemps privilégié des analyses qualitatives enraison des difficultés d’exploitation quantitative en traitement automatique du langage. Cesdifficultés étaient principalement dues au caractère non normé de ces écrits qui les rendaitjusqu’à présent réfractaires à la numérisation, à l’étiquetage et même à l’analyse (Elalouf &Boré, 2007). Un traitement avec le logiciel iTrameur, établi en collaboration avec le laboratoire CLESTHIA (Doquet, David & Fleury, 2017), nous a permis d’effectuer l’analyse textométrique d’un corpus d’écrits scolaires constitué de dix séries de dossiers génétiques comportant chacun l’ensemble des productions écrites d’une classe de l’avant-texte à la version finale. Ce corpus a été recueilli en classes de 6e et de 5e sur une durée de 3 ans dans le cadre d’une recherche collaborative visant à expérimenter un dispositif d’accompagnement à l’autonomie scripturale.Il est venu compléter un premier corpus d’écrits scolaires, scanné, transcrit et annoté, réalisé dans le cadre de notre stage de master au laboratoire ÉMA, et déposé sur le site Ortolang proposé par Huma.Notre hypothèse est qu’un codage systématique des verbes de parole et d’état mental,s’appuyant sur la construction d’un lexique-grammaire (Dubois & Dubois-Charlier, 1997)ferait apparaître la variété des formes et des constructions attestées dans les usages langagiers des élèves. L’objectif de la thèse est de caractériser parmi ces emplois ceux des verbes hyperfréquents. Ces verbes, dont les travaux pionniers de Jacqueline Picoche (2002) ont montré l’importance dans l’organisation du lexique, ont la particularité d’être très polysémiques et d’entrer dans de nombreuses constructions. Notre analyse a consisté à comparer les constructions observées dans le corpus d’écrits scolaires à celles recensées dans des dictionnaires d’apprentissage ainsi que dans le corpus oral Orféo, en tenant compte de la fréquence des verbes que les élèves ont pu rencontrer dans leurs manuels de lecture du primaire grâce à la base Manulex. Nos résultats montrent que les structures fondamentales du français sont présentes dans notre corpus et que des réseaux lexicaux relient des verbes hyperfréquents à d’autres moins fréquents. Nous avons pu montrer que la présence ou l’absence de certains verbes était étroitement liée au genre de texte demandé par la consigne et aux possibilités de relecture, discussion orale et réécriture permises par le dispositif. Ces résultats confirment que le verbe est une catégorie majeure pour l’apprentissage du lexique et de l’écriture en raison de son rôle dans l’énonciation, la relation prédicative et l’organisation discursiveResearch on academic writing has long favored qualitative analyzes due to the difficulties ofquantitative exploitation in automatic language processing. These difficulties were mainly due to the non-standardized nature of these writings which until now made them refractory to digitization, labeling and even analysis (Elalouf & Boré, 2007). Treatment with iTrameursoftware, established in collaboration with the CLESTHIA laboratory (Doquet, David &Fleury, 2017), allowed a textometric analysis of a corpus of school writings consisting of tenseries of genetic files, each containing all the written productions of a class from the preliminary text to the final version. This corpus was collected in classes of 6e and 5e over a period of 3 years as part of a collaborative research aimed at experimenting with a support system for scriptural autonomy. It came to complete a first corpus of school writings, scanned, transcribed and annotated, realized as part of our master's internship at the EMA laboratory, and deposited on the Ortolang website proposed by Huma. Our hypothesis is that a systematic coding of speech and mental state verbs, based on the construction of a lexicon-grammar (Dubois & Dubois-Charlier, 1997) would reveal the variety of forms and constructions attested in the language uses of students. The objective of the thesis is to characterize among these uses those of hyperfrequent verbs. These verbs, whose pioneering work of Jacqueline Picoche (2002) showed the importance in the organization of the lexicon, have the particularity of being very polysemic and entering into many constructions.Our analysis consisted in comparing the constructions observed in the corpus of school writings with those identified in learning dictionaries as well as in the Orféo oral corpus, taking into account the frequency of verbs that students were able to encounter in their primary reading textbooks thanks to the Manulex database. Our results show that the fundamental structures of French are present in our corpus and that lexical networks connect hyperfrequent verbs to less frequent ones. We were able to show that the presence or absence of certain verbs was closely related to the type of text requested by the instruction and the possibilities of rereading, oral discussion and rewriting allowed by the writing protocol. These results confirm that the verb is a major category for lexicon and writing learning because of its role in enunciation, predicative relationship and discursive organization
3
Alhussein, Abd. "Les verbes causatifs de déplacement à polarité initiale et leurs dérivés en français : étude morphologique, syntaxique et sémantique". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC017.
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Notre thèse se donne pour objectif d’analyser les facteurs de l’expression du déplacement, de la causativité et de la polarité locative dans une sous-classe de verbes du français, les verbes causatifs de déplacement à polarité initiale. Le corpus de nos verbes puisés dans les exemples des LADL est de 250 verbes environ. Nous partons du constat que les verbes de cette sous-classe ne peuvent être identifiés en dehors de constructions particulières et nous tentons de vérifier que la notion de déplacement qu’ils sont susceptibles de dénoter est, selon le cas, ou bien centrale par rapport au sémantisme du verbe, ou bien périphérique ou bien encore favorisée par le contexte immédiat. Nous tentons également de montrer que, ces verbes ne sont pas nécessairement causatifs ou de polarité initiale dans tous leurs emplois.Nous commençons par identifier les verbes causatifs de notre corpus en portant à jour leurs propriétés définitoires et nous émettons une première hypothèse sur leur statut de verbes de verbes de déplacement (centraux, périphériques, occasionnels, étant entendu que dans le type de construction retenu initialement ils sont toujours causatifs et de polarité initiale. Nous vérifions ensuite cette hypothèse fondée sur un seul emploi de nos verbes en analysant leurs autres emplois au regard des notions de déplacement, de causativité et de polarité initiale. Cette analyse s’appuie sur le principe qu’en général les verbes de déplacement centraux sont de vrais de déplacement en ce sens que leurs valeurs sémantiquesOur thesis aims to analyze the factors of the expression of displacement, causativity and locative polarity in a subclass of French verbs, the causative verbs of displacement at initial polarity. The corpus of our verbs, drawn from the LADL examples, is about 250 verbs. We start from the observation that the verbs of this subclass can not be identified outside of particular constructions and we try to verify that the notion of displacement that they are likely to denote is, as the case may be, or central with respect to semantism of the verb, either peripheral or even favored by the immediate context. We also try to show that, these verbs are not necessarily causative or of initial polarity in all their jobs.We begin by identifying the causative verbs of our corpus by updating their defining properties and we emit a first hypothesis on their status as verbs of displacement verbs (central, peripheral, occasional, it being understood that in the type of construction initially chosen they are always causative and of initial polarity, and then we test this hypothesis based on a single use of our verbs by analyzing their other jobs with respect to the notions of displacement, causativity and initial polarity. This analysis is based on the principle that in general the central displacement verbs are real displacement in the sense that their semantic values
4
Shimoyoshi, Ayumi. "Psych verbs in Spanish and Japanese". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393731.
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Psych verbs display variations in the argument realization and this has been problematic
for the theories that assume a uniform relationship between semantic properties and
syntactic configurations. This dissertation conducts a cross-linguistic analysis of psych
verbs in Spanish and Japanese, and illustrates how semantic properties such as thematic
relation, lexical aspect and causativity interact with each other and correlate to
morphosyntactic phenomena, such as case alternations and (anti)causativizations. The
variations of argument realization, including case alternations linked with thematic
relations of arguments, are accounted for by the aspectual differences described in terms
of the notion of ‘boundary.’ Semantic variations found between certain verbs of these
languages, including aspectual ones, are ascribed to the anticausative-causative contrast
characterizing this pair of languages and to the nature of the (anti)causative operations
these languages employ. This thematic-aspectual-causative analysis of psych verbs not
only provides support for a systematic semantic-(morpho)syntax relationship but also
offers insights into cross-linguistic semantic variations caused by typological contrast.Los verbos psicológicos varían en la realización argumental y esto ha resultado problemático para las teorías que asumen una relación uniforme entre propiedades semánticas y configuraciones sintácticas. Esta tesis realiza un análisis interlingüístico sobre los verbos psicológicos del español y el japonés, e ilustra el modo en que propiedades semánticas como relación temática, aspecto léxico y causatividad interactúan entre ellas y se relacionan con fenómenos morfosintácticos como las alternancias de caso y (anti)causativizaciones. Las variaciones de la realización argumental, incluidas las alternancias de caso que se vinculan con las relaciones temáticas de los argumentos, se explican por las diferencias aspectuales descritas a partir de la noción de “boundary.” Las variaciones semánticas entre ciertos verbos de estas lenguas, incluso las diferencias aspectuales, se atribuyen tanto al contraste anticausativo-causativo que caracteriza a esta pareja de las lenguas como a la naturaleza de sus operaciones (anti)causativas. Este análisis temático-aspectual-causativo de los verbos psicológicos no sólo presenta resultados que apoyan una relación semántica- (morfo)sintáctica sistemática, sino que también amplía el conocimiento de las variaciones semánticas interlingüísticas determinadas por contraste tipológico.
5
Sylla, Moctar. "Les passages régis par les verbes d’imminence assimilés ou apparentés et leurs traductions en français dans l’œuvre de Rachid El-Daïf". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC012.
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Cette recherche porte sur les verbes d’imminence assimilés ou apparentés dans l’oeuvre de Rachid EL-DAÏF et leur traduction en français. Nous avons procédé à l’analyse de ces verbes en arabe ancien et moderne, ainsi qu’en français, dans une perspective contrastive afin de relever les similitudes et les différences entre les deux langues. Nous avons étudié les verbes d’imminence dans la première partie, les verbes de souhait ou de probabilité dans l’expression de la modalité dans la deuxième, les verbes inchoatifs dans la troisième, l’analyse du verbe pouvoir et de son équivalent devoir en français dans la quatrième, l’exposant temporel kâna à la forme préfixée dans la cinquième partieOur research concerns assimilated or related imminent verbs in the work of Rachid EL-DAÏF and their translation into French. We analyzed these verbs in ancient and modern Arabic, as well as in French, in a contrasting perspective in order to identify the similarities and differences between the two languages. We have studied the verbs of imminence in the first part, the verbs of desire or probability in the expression of the modality in the second, the verbs in the third, the verb power and its equivalent duty in French in the fourth, the temporal exponent kana to the form prefixed in the fifth part
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Ávila, Maria Carolina. "Propriedades semânticas e alternâncias sintáticas do verbo : um exercício exploratório de delimitação do significado /". Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93966.
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Orientador: Bento Carlos Dias da SilvaBanca: Maria Helena de Moura Neves
Banca: Rove Luiza de Oliveira Chishman
Resumo: A partir da hipótese de que a estrutura de argumentos projetada pelo verbo reflete aspectos da sua estrutura conceitual, esta dissertação investiga um conjunto de teorias que analisam essa interface sintaxe-semântica com o objetivo de recortar uma representação das dimensões sintática e semântica para essa classe lexical. Do ponto de vista lingüístico, analisam-se as propriedades léxico-semânticas de um conjunto de verbos do português do Brasil, extraído da base de verbos da rede WordNet.Br e nocionalmente correspondente à classe semântica dos verbos do inglês "Verbos de Destitução de Posse-Verbos do Tipo 'Roubar'", isolada por Levin (1993). As representações léxico-semântica e léxico-sintática fundamentam-se, respectivamente, na teoria sobre as Estruturas Conceituais de Jackendoff (1990, 2002) e na teoria sobre a Estrutura de Argumentos de Hale e Keyser (2002). Do ponto de vista lingüístico-computacional, desenvolvem-se uma estratégia de construção e refinamento dos synsets de verbos da rede WordNet.Br e uma proposta de representação formal das dimensões sintáticas e conceitual para os verbos.
Abstract: This thesis presents an inquiry on the lexical-syntactic and the lexical-semantic representation of verbs from the perspective that aspects of verb's argument structure reflect its conceptual structure. In the linguistic domain, the thesis investigates both the lexical-semantic and lexical-syntactic properties of the synset of Brazilian Portuguese verbs extracted from the WordNet.Br lexical database that corresponds to Levin's (1993) class of verbs of Possessional Deprivation-Steal/Rob Verbs. The lexical-semantic and lexical-syntactic representation are grounded in Jackendoff's (1990, 2002) Semantic Structures Theory and Hale and Keyser's (2002) Argument Structure Theory, respectively. In the computational-linguistic domain, it presents both a strategy for constructing and refining the WordNet.Br verb synsets and a formal representation for describing the syntactic and conceptual dimensions of verbs.
Mestre
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Santos, Sergio da Silva. "O estatuto morfossintático, semântico e pragmático dos verbos em construções apresentacionais não-existenciais /". São José do Rio Preto, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183331.
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Orientador: Marize Mattos Dall’Aglio-HattnherResumo: Esta tese consiste em uma análise dos verbos do português brasileiro em estruturas apresentacionais não-existenciais, que são estruturas que ocorrem em ordem V+SN. A tese é orientada pelos preceitos de teorias funcionalistas, mais precisamente pela Gramática Funcional, de Dik (1997), pela estrutura da informação, de Prince (1981), pela classificação semântica dos verbos de Borba (1990, 1996) e pela ordem dos constituintes no português do Brasil proposta por Pezatti (2012a, 2014). Para a realização do estudo, utilizou-se um córpus de língua oral, com 48 entrevistas, nas quais foram levantadas ocorrências com estruturas verbais construída em ordem V+SN. Foram utilizados três critérios para a análise dessas estruturas: o critério morfossintático, no qual se verificou o grau de concordância entre o verbo e o SN posposto ao verbo, e a possibilidade de alteração da ordem V+SN; o critério semântico, no qual se verificou a classificação semântica e o aspecto do verbo, o papel e os traços semânticos do SN posposto, bem como o tipo de entidade representada por ele; e o critério pragmático, no qual se verificou o estatuto do informacional do SN posposto. Partindo da hipótese de que os verbos que compõem estruturas apresentacionais nãoexistenciais não compõem um grupo homogêneo, procurou-se investigar como se constroem as estruturas formadas por esses verbos e como cada verbo identificado no córpus se comporta morfossintática, semântica e pragmaticamente. A análise dos dados resultou na ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This thesis consists of an analysis of Brazilian Portuguese verbs in non-existential presentational structures, which are structures that occur in the V+SN order. This thesis is oriented by precepts of the functionalist theories, more precisely by Dik’s Functional Grammar (1997), Prince’s (1981) information structure, Borba’s (1990, 1996) semantic classification of the verbs and by the order of the constituents in Brazilian Portuguese proposed by Pezatti (2012a, 2014). The data came from an oral language corpus, with 48 interviews, in which the occurrences with verbal structures in the V+SN order were raised. Three criteria were used to analyze these structures: the morphosyntactic one, in which the agreement between the verb and the SN after the verb was verified, as well as the possibility of alteration of the V+SN order; the semantic one, in which the semantic classification and the aspect of the verb were verified, the role and the semantic features of the SN after the verb as well as the kind of the entity represented by it; and the pragmatic criterion in which the informational status of the postponed SN was verified. Assuming that the verbs in the non-existential presentational structures do not compose a homogeneous group, we tried to investigate how the structures formed by these verbs are created and how each verb identified in the corpus behave syntactically, semantically and pragmatically. The data analysis resulted in the identification of four types of presentat... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Zhong, Qiuyue. "Verb Doubling in Chinese". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402254.
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Esta investigación es un trabajo sobre la duplicación verbal en chino.
En primer lugar, presento el fenómeno de duplicación en diferentes idiomas. El fenómeno de duplicación se observa en muchas lenguas y distintos dominios. Reviso la definición de reduplicación sintáctica de Barbiers (2008). Basándome esta definición, ofrezco la de duplicación verbal: un verbo léxico está expresado fonológicamente dos veces. Me concentro en la duplicación verbal en chino en esta tesis. Los patrones de duplicación verbal en este idioma se puede clasificar en dos grupos: reduplicación verbal “no-hendida” y duplicación verbal hendida.
En segundo lugar, proporciono una descripción general de los distintos patrones de reduplicación verbal en chino. Demuestro que el fenómeno de reduplicación se puede relacionar con nociones semánticas como tópico/foco, aspecto delimitativo, polaridad, presuposición y maximalidad. La discusión acerca de la reduplicación verbal incluye cuestiones como en qué contexto aparecen expresiones con reduplicación verbal y qué similitudes tienen estos patrones de reduplicación verbal.
Finalmente, propongo un análisis sobre la duplicación verbal hendida (verb doubling cleft - VDC) en chino. De acuerdo con Cheng y Vicente (2013), arguyo que el verbo duplicado en VDC experimenta movimiento (movimiento-A’) hasta [Esp, STop]. Además, el fenómeno de reduplicación tiene lugar por la imposibilidad de reducción de copias en la cadena formada por diferentes ocurrencias del verbo. Asumo que este problema está causado por una fusión con un núcleo aspectual (Cinque 1999).The present thesis aims to discuss verb doubling phenomenon in Chinese. First, I offer doubling phenomenon in languages, which shows that doubling phenomenon is observed in different languages and in different domains. Then, I review the definition of syntactic doubling in Barbiers (2008). I define verb doubling by adjusting this definition: a lexical verb is expressed phonologically twice. I focus on Chinese data in this dissertation. The verb doubling patterns in this language is grouped into non-cleft ones and verb doubling cleft. Second, I present general descriptions of different non-cleft verb doubling patterns in Chinese. These observations demonstrate that verb doubling phenomenon may be relevant to many aspects like topic/focus, delimitative aspect, polarity, presupposition and maximality. The discussions on these expressions concentrate on questions like what kinds of elements may undergo doubling in these patterns, in which situations these expressions appear, what are the similarities among different doubling patterns, etc. Third, I offer an analysis on verb doubling cleft (VDC) in Chinese. Following Cheng and Vicente (2013), I claim that in VDC expressions the doubled verb undergoes A’ movement to [Spec, TopP] through intermediate projections. Besides, the doubling effect is caused by the failure of chain reduction. I assume that the double element fuses with an aspect head based on Cinque’s (1999) hierarchy of functional projections.
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Marini, Emanuela. "Les verbes latins en -ficare : étude lexicale et morpho-syntaxique". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040181.
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L'étude porte sur la classe des verbes latins en -ficare, tels que aedifico « bâtir une maison » et amplifico « rendre ample ». Ce sont 150 verbes simples et 32 préverbés, répertoriés des premiers siècles de la latinité jusqu'à la mort d'Isidore de Séville, en 636. La mise au point du corpus est fondée sur une distinction concernant la structure morphologique des verbes, qui présentent en premier membre le thème d'un substantif (aedi-fico : aedes « maison ») ou d'un adjectif (ampli-fico : amplus « ample »). Une telle distinction s'est revélée cruciale, à la fois sur le plan sémantique et morphosyntaxique. L'alternance entre actif et déponent ne concerne pas les verbes à premier membre adjectival, mais la voix déponente est assignée à ceux des verbes pour lesquels il existe une construction à verbe-support, où facere [+ support] est associé au substantif à l'accusatif apparaissant en premier membre (par ex. paci-ficor « faire la paix » et pacem facere). Tous les verbes sont considérés comme des verbes composés et non comme des dérivés des adjectifs en -ficus correspondants, mais le premier membre est associable dans le type aedifico au complément d'objet, dans le type amplifico à l'attribut du complément d'objet du verbe facere de la locution verbo-nominale correspondante. Les verbes à premier membre adjectival sont toujours des factitifs, les verbes actifs à premier membre subtantival sont des causatifs, notamment des causatifs lexicaux (par ex. fumifico « faire de la fumée »), où le deuxième membre est associable à facere « produire ». Les verbes à premier membre adjectival, qui correspondent soit à des néologismes à l'intérieur du latin soit à des emprunts au grec, sont très bien représentés dans le latin des auteurs chrétiens et des ouvrages de médecineThe aim of this study is to describe the class of Latin verbs in -ficare, such as aedifico ‘build a house’ and amplifico ‘amplify’. It examines 150 simple verbs and 32 preverbed verbs, collected from the first centuries of the Latin period to the death of Isidore of Seville in 636. The corpus is based on the morphological distinction between verbs whose first term is a noun stem (such as aedi-fico : aedes ‘house’) and verbs whose first term is an adjectival stem (ampli-fico : amplus ‘ample’). Such a distinction has proved to be crucial both morpho-syntactically and semantically. While the alternation between active voice and deponent voice is not shown in the verbs with an adjectival stem, the deponent voice is assigned to those verbs which coexist with a light verb construction, where facere [+ light verb] governs the noun in the accusative which appears as the first term (paci-ficor ‘to make peace’ and pacem facere). All verbs are interpreted as compound verbs, and not as derivatives from the adjectives in -ficus. In the verbs of the aedifico type, the first term can be associated with the direct object, while in the verbs of the amplifico type, the first term is associated with the predicative adjective of the direct object of facere within the correspondent noun-verb construction. The verbs with an adjectival stem as a first term are always factitive verbs, while the active verbs with a noun stem as a first-term are causatives and more specifically, lexical causatives (fumifico ‘make, produce smoke’), in which the second term is associated with facere ‘produce’. The verbs whose first term is an adjectival stem, which correspond to both neologisms in Latin and borrowings from Greek, are well represented in the Latin language used by Christian authors as well as medical texts
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Bertucci, Roberlei Alves. "A auxiliaridade do verbo chegar em português brasileiro". Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2007. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/551.
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Este trabalho analisa o verbo chegar em sentenças do PB, quando ele é seguido de a+infinitivo. Na literatura, não há consenso no tratamento do verbo na perífrase em foco. Enquanto alguns o consideram um auxiliar, outros não. Esta pesquisa retomou essa discussão e mostrou que o verbo chegar, no contexto estabelecido, responde afirmativamente a todos os critérios apontados como caracterizadores de auxiliaridade. Tendo isso estabelecido, observamos que são atribuídos aos auxiliares os valores de tempo, voz, modo e aspecto. Assim, fomos investigando, uma a uma, todas essas possibilidades. Os valores de tempo e voz foram facilmente descartados. Em seguida, buscamos numa descrição genérica de modalidade alguma pista que nos fizesse ir mais a fundo. Não encontramos e, por isso, descartamos também essa possibilidade. A análise de chegar como auxiliar aspectual tomou mais tempo e espaço neste trabalho, porque há alguns autores que assumem uma análise desse tipo. Primeiro, buscamos caracterizar o aspecto gramatical e ver se as sentenças objetos de investigação poderiam denotar as categorias de aspecto incluídas aí. Concluímos que não. Analisamos, depois, a possibilidade de chegar restringir alguma classe acional. Novamente, os resultados foram negativos. Tendo em vista o comportamento da perífrase nos diferentes contextos, afirmamos que não era possível assumir um valor aspectual para o verbo em questão. Por fim, propomos uma análise para esse verbo que leva em conta não apenas os aspectos sintáticos e semânticos, mas também os pragmáticos: mostramos que o falante, ao utilizar o auxiliar chegar deseja apontar para uma escala, mais precisamente para o ponto argumentativo mais forte dessa escala. Dessa forma, teríamos um auxiliar que não é temporal, modal ou aspectual, mas essencialmente pragmático. O corpus desta pesquisa é composto por sentenças do português brasileiro, falado e escrito, além de sentenças criadas para verificar a compatibilidade de chegar em contextos mais específicos.This work approaches the verb chegar when it is followed by the preposition a and the infinitive form in Brazilian Portuguese. In the literature, there is no consensus about the treatment of the verb in this periphrasis. While some authors consider it an auxiliary verb, others do not. Our research resumed this discussion and showed that chegar, in the context above, confirms all the criteria indicated as indicators of auxiliarity. After that, we noticed that the values of tense, modality, voice and aspect are given to the auxiliaries. Then, we investigated, one by one, all the possibilities. The values of tense and voice were easily rejected. After this, we searched, in a general description of modality, a clue to conduct us deeper in the research. We did not found one and then we rejected this possibility too. The analysis about chegar as an aspectual auxiliary took more time and space in this work, because there are some authors who argues for this kind of analysis. First, we tried to characterize the grammatical aspect and observe whether the sentences could mean the aspectual categories included there. We concluded that they could not. Later, we analyzed the possibility of chegar to restrict some actional class. Again, the conclusions were negative. Bearing in mind the behavior of the periphrasis in the different contexts, we affirm that it was not possible to accept an aspectual value to chegar. At the end, we propose an analysis to this verb that takes into consideration not only the syntactic and semantic aspects, but also the pragmatic one: we show that when the speaker uses the auxiliary chegar, this speaker wishes to point to a scale, more specifically to its strongest argumentative point. In this way, we might have an auxiliary verb which is not temporal, modal or aspectual, but essentially pragmatic. The corpus of this research is composed of sentences from Brazilian Portuguese, spoken and written, and other sentences created to verify the compatibility of chegar in specific contexts.
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Usinga, Marinkie Mmaditaba. "The lexical-semantic representation of break verbs in Xitsonga". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2088.
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Thesis (M. A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2001This study explores the lexical semantic representation of break verbs in Xitsonga. Chapter One is the introduction of this study. It describes the statement of the problem. The main aim of this study is described which m bnef is to investigate the form, struc e and interpretation of break verbs in Xitsonga. The significance of this study, which is to highlight the semantic value of break verbs in Xitsonga is discussed. The methodology, lite rature review as well as the theta - theory and its properties have been examined. Chapter Two explores the predicate argument structure. The difference between two lexical representations, which are lexical-syntactic and lexical semantic representations was investigated. A brief definition of break verbs as well as the six categories of the verbs of change of state have also been discussed. This chapter also analyses the lexical features of break verbs. Various sub - classes of external arguments and of internal argument are observed. Chapter Three presents the lexical - semantic representation of break verbs where focus is on argument structure, event structure, qualia structure and lexical inheritance structure. Chapter Four deals with the syntactic alternation and selection restriction of break verbs. The difference between transitive and intransitive alterna tions was also highlighted. This chapter also explores some of the different types of verbal alternations, such as ' instrument subject alternation', ' locative alternation' and the ' with/ against alternation' . Chapter Five gives the main conclusion of this study.
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Samoilova, L. "Denominal Verbs". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 1998. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62180.
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У даній роботі розглядаються деномінативні дієслова та основні причини їх винаходу. Вони корисні в нових областях технології, і вони характеризуються точністю, яскравістю, сюрпризом.The present paper deals with denominal verbs and the main reasons for inventing them. They are useful in new areas of technology and they are characterized by precision, vividness, surprise.
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Vogel, Ralf. "Polyvalent Verbs". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14508.
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Polyvalente Verben koennen mit unterschiedlichen Konstituentenmengen kombiniert sein, wobei deren Zahl und Art variieren. In den meisten Grammatikschulen sind Verben zentral fuer syntaktische Gestalt und semantische Interpretation von Saetzen. Sie bestimmen ueber ihre Subkategorisierungsrahmen, wieviele Komplemente welchen Typs im Satz realisiert werden. Daher ist Polyvalenz ein unerwartetes Phaenomen. Eine Diskussion verschiedener Ansaetze der generativen Grammatik ergibt, dass Subkategorisierung fuer die Erklaerung von Polyvalenz ungeeignet ist. Im zweiten Kapitel wird ein Modell fuer die konzeptuell-semantische Interpretation von Verben und Saetzen entwickelt, das dem Rechnung traegt: In Saetzen mit polyvalenten Verben bedingen die Komplemente des Verbs zusammen mit dem Verb die konzeptuell-semantische Interpretation. Die thematische Interpretation wird als inferentieller Prozess angesehen, der keinen Spezialfall allgemeiner konzeptuell-semantischer Interpretationsprozesse darstellt, sondern vielmehr in diese eingebunden ist.Polyvalent verbs can be combined with different sets of complements. The variation concerns both number and type of the complements. In most grammar theoretical frameworks, verbs are of crucial importance for the syntactic structure and semantic interpretation of clauses. They determine via subcategorization frames how many complements of which type are realized. Polyvalence is therefore an unexpected phenomenon. A discussion of several approaches in generative grammar results in the claim that subcategorization is not very useful for the explanation of polyvalence. In the second chapter, a model for the conceptual-semantic interpretation of verbs and clauses is developed that takes polyvalence into account: the conceptual-semantic interpretation of clauses with polyvalent verbs is determined by the verb and complements together. Thematic interpretation is viewed as an inferential process that is embedded within the general conceptual-semantic interpretation processes, not their prerequisite.
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Cifuentes, Férez Paula. "La expresión del movimiento en inglés y en español: una perspectiva lingüístico -cognitiva, tipológica y psicolingüística". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10816.
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La presente investigación se centra en la semántica de los verbos de movimiento en inglés y en castellano. La primera parte de la tesis ofrece un análisis sistemático y detallado de los lexicones verbales de movimiento en ambas lenguas desde un punto de vista contrastivo. En este análisis, los patrones generales de lexicalización, los verbos de sendero y los verbos de manera son los objetos de interés. La segunda parte de la tesis explora el subdominio del movimiento humano empleando paradigmas experimentales, proporcionando evidencia empírica a algunas de las observaciones derivadas del análisis lingüístico llevado a cabo en la primera parte de la tesis.The present thesis addresses the semantics of English and Spanish motion verbs. In the first part of this dissertation, a systematic and detailed account of the semantics of English and Spanish motion verb lexicons from a contrastive point of view is provided. The patterns of general conflations are explored, as well as more subtle path notions and fine-grained manner information which can be conveyed by motion verbs in these two languages. Comparison between English and Spanish leads to the identification of both crosslinguistic similarities and differences. The second part of this thesis aims to investigate an important subdomain of motion, that of human locomotion, using experimental methods. These studies offer interesting insights into how English and Spanish organise their motion verb lexicons and into the complex semantics of human locomotion verbs. In addition, the findings provide empirical support for some of the observations from the linguistic analysis undertaken in the first part of this thesis.
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Gisborne, Nikolas Simon. "English perception verbs". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570311.
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Maseko, Julia Refilwe. "Copulative verbs in Northern Sotho :a morphosemantic study". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2050.
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Thesis (M. A. (African Languages) --University of Limpopo,2005The study aimsat finding out thecategorical status of copulatives in Northern Sotho. This will be achieved by examining the morphosemantic features of various copulatives. From a morphological perspective, thestudy focuses on the following types ofcopulative verbs: ke, se, ba, le, na, and COP. The study argues that the foresaid copulatives are not particles but are fully-fledged verbs. As far as the semantic nature of the copulatives is concerned, the study discovered a variety of meanings associated with copulatives, such as the following: the identifying, descriptive,locational and associative. Lastly, the study contends that any research on the copulative in Northern Sotho should be a morphosemantic one, as previous studies focused on one and neglected the other.
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Perek, Florent. "Verbs, Constructions, Alternations : Usage-based perspectives on argument realization". Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30036.
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L’objectif général de la présente thèse est d’évaluer dans quelle mesure la grammaire des verbes, aussi appelée complémentation verbale, peut être basée sur l’usage de la langue. La linguistique de l’usage (usage-based approach) constitue un récent changement de paradigme dans les sciences du langage, qui défend l’idée que la grammaire est un inventaire dynamique d’unités symboliques qui émergent et sont constamment redéfinies par l’usage de la langue. En adoptant une approche constructionnelle de la complémentation verbale et sur la base de données de l’anglais, nous traitons la question de la relation entre la grammaire des verbes et leur usage à trois niveaux d’organisation.Au niveau des verbes, nous comparons des résultats expérimentaux à des données de corpus, et trouvons que les plus fréquentes valences d’un verbe sont traitées plus facilement, ce qui montre que la valence est basée sur l’usage. Au niveau des constructions, nous montrons que, dans le cas de la construction conative, il est possible de formuler le sens d’une construction sur la base du sens des verbes en se plaçant au niveau de classes sémantiques, mais moins facilement au niveau le plus abstrait. Nous considérons ceci comme une preuve supplémentaire de l’importance des schémas de bas niveau sur les généralisations abstraites. Au niveau des alternances, nous suggérons que la productivité verbale peut être basée sur des relations d’alternances. Nous montrons que l’alternance dative présente une asymétrie en productivité, et que cette asymétrie peut être expliquée par des différences correspondantes en termes du nombre de verbes utilisés dans chaque constructionThe general goal of this thesis is to investigate to what extent the grammar of verbs, also called argument realization, can be based on linguistic usage. The usage-based approach is a recent paradigm shift in linguistics which takes the view that grammar is a dynamic inventory of symbolic conventions that emerges through, and is likewise shaped by, actual language use. Adopting a constructional approach to argument structure and on the basis of English data, we address the question of the usage basis of argument realization at three levels of organization.At the level of verbs, we compare experimental results to usage data, and find that more frequent valency patterns of a verb are processed more easily. These findings provide evidence for the usage basis of valency. At the level of constructions, we show that, in the case of the conative construction, it is possible to formulate constructional generalizations on the basis of verbal meaning at the level of semantically defined verb classes, but not so easily at the most abstract level. We take this as further evidence of the importance of lower-level schemas over broad generalizations. At the level of alternations, we present usage-based evidence that productivity can be based on alternation relations. We report that the dative alternation displays a productivity asymmetry, and we show that these differences can be explained by corresponding asymmetries in type frequencies
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Boudier, Fanny. "La perception de l'iconicité phonologique testée sur un corpus de verbes français". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH042.
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Plusieurs découvertes récentes, provenant notamment des neurosciences cognitives, ont eu des retombées dans les sciences humaines et plus particulièrement dans le champ de la linguistique. Elles ont suscité un renouveau de l’intérêt pour la thématique de l’iconicité phonologique, qui s’intéresse à l’ensemble des phénomènes de similarité entre signifiant et signifié à l'intérieur d'une langue. Une multitude d’études a alors vu le jour, attestant l’existence de phénomènes phonosymboliques dans les langues du monde. Malgré cet essor considérable, les contenus de ces travaux, principalement rédigés en anglais, demeurent à ce jour assez méconnu du public francophone, encore relativement ancré dans la tradition structuraliste. Cette thèse présente tout d’abord une synthèse des travaux internationaux menés dans le champ de l’iconicité phonologique en vue d’en retenir les principaux acquis. Sur ces bases, elle apporte de nouvelles preuves empiriques de l’existence de phénomènes iconiques dans un corpus de verbes monosyllabiques français à travers deux méthodes. La première est descriptive et se focalise sur les liens motivés entre traits phonologiques et traits morphosyntaxiques ; la seconde est expérimentale et explore les liens de similarité entre les traits phonologiques et les traits sémantiques de ce corpus verbal françaisSeveral recent discoveries, notably from cognitive neuroscience, have had repercussions in the humanities and more particularly in the linguistics’ field. They have given rise to a renewed interest in the theme of phonological iconicity, which tackles the entirety of phenomena of similarity between signifier and signified inside a language. A multitude of studies then emerged, attesting to the existence of phonosymbolic phenomena in the languages of the world. Despite this considerable growth, the content of these works, mainly written in English, remains to this day rather unknown to the French-speaking public, still relatively anchored in the tradition of Structuralism. This dissertation starts by presenting a synthesis of the international work carried out in the field of phonological iconicity in order to retain the main achievements. Building on this, the dissertation will bring new empirical evidence of the existence of iconic phenomena in a corpus of French monosyllabic verbs through two methods. The first one is descriptive and focuses on motivated links between phonological and morphosyntactic features; the second one is experimental and explores the similarity connections between the phonological and semantic features of this French verbal corpus
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Gómez, Vázquez Diana. "Posture verbs and internally-caused verbs in romance and germanic languages: causativity, stationary motion, and intransitive-locative alternations". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669400.
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La presente tesis se ocupa del estudio de la variación interlingüística con los verbos de postura y los verbos de causación interna en las lenguas romances y germánicas. Tomando como punto de partida el marco teórico de Ramchand (2008, 2014, 2018), se estudian varias construcciones en las que aparecen estas raíces verbales.
En el capítulo 1 se presenta el enfoque constructivista de la estructura argumental propuesto por Ramchand (2008, 2014, 2018) y se considera cómo tratar la variación interlingüística en este marco teórico. Además, se inquiere la diferencia entre el significado estructural, el contenido cognitivo-conceptual separable del lenguaje y el significado enciclopédico.
En el capítulo 2 se trata de mostrar en qué medida la codificación de la causatividad y la trayectoria son parámetros relevantes que tener en cuenta para explicar la variación interlingüística en el significado causativo de los verbos de postura en las lenguas romances y germánicas. Se identifican, además, los factores que influyen en la variación intralingüística en las lenguas germánicas.
En el capítulo 3, una vez asumida la caracterización aspectual y estructural de los verbos procesuales de postura del capítulo anterior, se explora la variación intralingüística en la expresión de movimiento estático con estos verbos. En oposición a Talmy (1991, 2000), se descarta que exista un co-evento en el significado estático de posición de los verbos de postura y se discute el proceso de gramaticalización por el que los verbos procesuales de postura se convierten en cópulas.
En el capítulo 4, se investigan dos tipos diferentes de alternancia locativa intransitiva con los verbos de postura y los verbos de causación interna. El hecho de que los verbos procesuales de postura aparezcan en esta construcción tanto en las lenguas romances como en las lenguas germánicas corrobora la asunción previa de que los verbos de postura no incluyen un co-evento en su significado estático de posición. Por último, se estudian las propiedades de los verbos de causación interna en español y su capacidad de aparecer en la alternancia locativa intransitiva, donde el argumento locativo asume el papel de sujeto de la predicación.
En el capítulo 5, se presenta un resumen de las conclusiones principales, se enumeran las contribuciones de la tesis y se discuten futuros temas de investigación.The present dissertation is devoted to the study of cross-linguistic variation with posture verbs and internally-caused verbs in Romance and Germanic languages. Using Ramchand’s (2008, 2014, 2018) first phase syntax, I examine a diverse range of constructions in which these verbal roots may appear. In chapter 1 I present Ramchand’s (2008, 2014, 2018) constructivist approach to argument structure and explore how cross-linguistic variation can be dealt with in it. I also consider the difference between structural meaning, pre-linguistic cognitive conceptual content, and encyclopedic meaning. In chapter 2 I endeavor to show that causativity and path encoding are both relevant parameters to account for cross-linguistic variation in the causative sense of posture verbs in Romance and Germanic languages. I identify intra-linguistic differences in Germanic languages and link them to the mentioned parameters. In chapter 3, building on the previous chapter’s characterization of process posture verbs, I explore intra-linguistic variation in the expression of stationary motion with these verbs. Against Talmy (1991, 2000), I discard the existence of a co-event in the simple position sense of posture verbs and discuss the grammaticalization of process posture verbs into copulas. In chapter 4 I concentrate on two different types of the intransitive-locative alternation with posture verbs and internally-caused verbs. The fact that process posture verbs in both Romance and Germanic languages appear in this construction confirms the absence of a co-event with posture verbs when they denote stationary motion. Finally, I look into the properties of internally-caused verbs in Spanish and their ability to enter the stative-locative alternation, where the location argument takes on the role of subject of the predication. In chapter 5 I summarize the main conclusions, present the contributions of the dissertation, and sketch future venues of research.
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Malinga, Bongiwe Bernadette. "A semantic and syntactic analysis of break and bend verbs in Zulu". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52131.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The subject of this study is Break and Bend verbs in isiZulu, which can be classified as verbs of change of state. This study examines the semantic as well as the syntactic analysis of these verbs of change of state in Zulu. Semantically Bend verbs are divided into verbs denoting the bending of body parts, e.g: thoba, khothema, qomfa, bhena, guqa, vosho, and verbs that denote the bending of body parts as well as physical objects, e.g. goba, qethuka/qethula as shown in the sentences below: Indoda igobe ucingo The man bent the wire. Indoda ithe qethu ikhanda The man bent the head backwards. Inkosikazi igobe amadolo The woman bent the knees. Uthe qethu isigxobo He made the pole bend backwards. The study will demonstrate that Break verbs are semantically divided into verbs denoting break or fracture, e.g. aphula/aphuka; those denoting "break off" e.g. nqamuka/nqamula; a verb denoting "to smash", e.g. fahlaza/fahlaka; those denoting " crack", e.g. chachamba, verbs meaning "to tear", e.g. dabula/dabuka; verbs denoting "to demolish", e.g. bhidliza/bhidlika and verbs denoting "to break open", e.g. havuka I havula. Syntactically, Break predicates may occur as ideophones, which are ergative with transitive/intransitive alternation, e.g. aphulaj aphuka, In addition, Break predicates may consist of ideophones with verbal suffixes: [-k-] is the suffix of intransitive ideophone [-I-] or [-z-] is the suffix of transitive ideophone Intransitive ideophone: Intambo ithe nqamu The rope broke Intransitive verb with [-k-]: Intambo inqamukile The rope broke Transitive ideophone: Indoda ithe nqamu intambo The man broke the rope Transitive verb with [-1-]: Indoda inqamule intambo. The man broke a rope Transitive verb with [-z-]: Indoda iphoqoze intambo. The man broke a bone The study demonstrates that with Bend verbs there are two ergative verbs, namely thoba and goba. -- The study further demonstrates that Bend verbs are mostly intransitive with a shadow argument; there is an ideophone qethu, which takes the transitive / intransitive alternation with the suffix [-k-] for the intransitive and [-1-] for the transitive alternation, respectively. The study provides evidence that Break and Bend verbs are characterised by specific selection restrictions as well as event structures. Some alternations were also investigated in the study, such as the Possessive alternation and Instrument-Subject alternation. Lastly, the Lexical conceptual paradigm and the Lexical Inheritance Structure of each verb were examined.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderwerp van hierdie studie is Breek en Buig werkwoorde in isiZulu, wat geklassifiseerword as werkwoorde van toestandverandering. Hierdie studie ondersoek die semantiese en die sintaktiese analise van die werkwoordtipe van toestandverandering in isizulu. Buigwerkwoorde word semanties ingedeel in werkwoorde wat die buig van liggaamsdeleaandui, byvoorbeeld: thoba, khothema, qomfa, bhena, guqa, vosho, en werkwoorde wat die buig van liggaamsdele sowel as die fisiese objekte aandui, byvoorbeeld: goba, qethuka/qethula, soos aangedui word in die sinne hieronder: Indoda igobe ucingo Die man het die draad gebuig Indoda ithe qethu ikhanda Die man het sy kop agteroor gebuig Inkosikazi igobe amadolo Die vrou het (haar) knieë gebuig Uthe qethu isigxobo Hy het die paal agtertoe gebuig. Hierdie studie toon aan dat Breek-werkwoorde semanties ingedeel kan word in werkwoorde wat "breek" aandui, bv. aphula/aphuka: werkwoorde wat "afbreek" aandui, bv. nqamuka/nqamula; werkwoorde wat "flenters breek" aandui, bv. fahlaza/fahlaka; werkwoorde wat "bars" aandui, bv. chachamba, werkwoorde wat "skeur" aandui, bv. dabula/dabuka; werkwoorde wat "ruineer" aandui, bv. bhidliza/bhidlika en werkwoorde wat "oopbreek" aandui, bv. havuka/havula. Breek-predikate kan sintakties as ideofone verskyn, wat ergatief (ergative) is met 'n transitief/intransitief alternasie, bv.. aphula/aphuka. Voorts kan Breek-predikate ook verskyn as ideofone met werkwoordagtervoegsels: [-k-] is die suffiks van die intransitiewe ideofoon [-1-] of [-z-] is die suffiks van die transitiewe ideofoon Intransitiewe ideofoon: Intambo ithe nqamu Die tou het gebreek Intransitiewe werkwoord met [-k-]: Intambo inqamukile Die tou het gebreek Transitiewe ideofoon: Indoda ithe nqamu intambo Die man het die tou gebreek Transitiewe werkwoord met [-1-]: Indoda inqamule intambo. Die man het die tou gebreek Transitiewe werkwoord met l-e-l: Indoda iphoqoze umlenze Die man het die been gebreek Die studie toon aan dat met Buigwerkwoorde, twee ergatiewe werkwoorde gevind is, naamlik thoba en goba. Die studie toon ook aan dat Buigwerkwoorde meestal intransitiewe werkwoorde is wat met 'n skadu-argument verskyn. Daar is 'n ideofoon qethu, wat die transitief/intransitief alternasie vertoon met die suffiks [-k-] vir die intransitief en [-I-] vir die transitief alternasie, respektiewelik Die studie bied bewys daarvoor dat Breek- en Buigwerkwoorde gekenmerk word deur seleksiebeperkings en gebeure ('event') strukture. Sommige alternasies is ook ondersoek in die studie, byvoorbeeld die Possessief alternasie en Instrument-Subjek alternasie. Laastens, is die leksikaal-konseptuele paradigma en die Leksikale-erwingstruktuur van elke werkwoord ondersoek.
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Gupta, Abhinav. "Beyond nouns and verbs". College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9532.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. Computer Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Štrėmaitė, Monika. "Idiomatic english phrasal verbs". Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110802_145100-61663.
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The aim of the work is the examination of the usage of idiomatic eglish verbs. Phrasal verbs are the derivatives derived according to the following pattern: V (verb) + pv (postverb) = Vpv (verb postverb). They are regarded as one more type of word formation. English phrasal verbs are divided into non-reversible, metaphoric, and metonymic.Darbo tikslas yra idiominių anglų veiksmažodžių vartojimo tyrimas. Fraziniai veiksmažodžiai yra išvestiniai žodžiai, sudaromi pagal tokią schemą: V (veiksmažodis) + pv (postverbas) = Vpv (frazinis veiksmažodis). Jie yra laikomi dar viena žodžių darybos rūšimi. Fraziniai veiksmažodžiai yra suskirstyti į nereversiškus, metaforinius ir metoniminius.
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Баранова, Світлана Володимирівна, Светлана Владимировна Баранова, Svitlana Volodymyrivna Baranova e M. Samus. "Phrasal verbs in english". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20065.
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Kovitz, David Immanuel. "Looking into phrasal verbs". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2362.
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The phrasal verb is a unique type of verb phrase that consists of a main verb, usually of only one or two syllables, followed by a particle, that works as a single semantic unit. Such meaning, however, is characteristically expressed in idomatic terms, which poses a formidable problem for students of English as a second language. To be understood, this meaning must be figuratively interpreted as well as literally translated.
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Varchetta, NIcola <1981>. "Rethinking Italian psychological verbs". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1250.
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In the literature, psych-verbs are known to exhibit some peculiar properties with respect to the theta-assignment, in that their Experiencers can be realized either a subjects (Subj-Exp verbs) or objects (Obj-Exp verbs) (Pesetsky 1995, Arad 1998), contrary to what predicted by the UTAH (Baker 1988). Traditionally, Subj-Exp verbs have been analysed as transitive, while Obj-Exp verbs as unaccusative (Belletti&Rizzi 1988). In the present work, new empirical data contrasting this hypothesis will be presented and an alternative account for their special behaviour with respect to different diagnostics will be proposed. In particular, the claim will be made that the interplay between the semantics and the syntax of psych-verbs plays a crucial role in their derivation and that the linear differences between different classes of psych-verbs are the superficial manifestation of different syntactic derivations. More specifically, it will be shown that the Subj-Exp vs. Obj-Exp distinction is related the absence vs. presence, respectively, of a causative zero-morpheme.Nella letteratura è stato ampiamente osservato come i verbi psicologici presentino delle proprietà peculiari in quanto all‘assegnazione dei ruoli tematici, poiché l‘Esperiente può essere realizzato sia come soggetto (Subj-Exp verbs) che come oggetto (Obj-Exp verbs) (Pesetsky 1995, Arad 1998), a differenza di quanto previsto dalla UTAH (Baker 1988). Nell‘ambito di tale classificazione, i verbi psicologici a soggetto esperiente sono stati tradizionalmente analizzati come transitivi, mentre quelli a oggetto esperiente sono stati analizzati come inaccusativi (Belletti&Rizzi 1988). Nel presente lavoro verranno presentati nuovi dati empirici che contraddicono tale analisi e verrà avanzata un‘ ipotesi alternativa circa il comportamento speciale di questi verbi rispetto a diversi test diagnostici. In particolare, si proporrà che l‘interazione tra sintassi e semantica dei verbi psicologici svolge un ruolo particolare nella loro derivazione e che le differenze lineari tra le diverse classi sono in realtà la manifestazione superficiale di derivazioni sintattiche distinte. Nello specifico, si dimostrerà come la distinzione tra verbi psicologici a soggetto od oggetto esperiente sia in realtà da correlarsi alla presenza o assenza, rispettivamente, di uno speciale morfema causativo nullo.
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Juodytė, Lina. "Pusiau pagalbinių veiksmažodžių vaidmuo šiuolaikinėje prancūzų kalboje semantikos ir sintaksės požiūriu". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100707_114719-27530.
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Pusiau pagalbinio veiksmažodžio vaidmuo šiuolaikinėje prancūzų kalboje semantikos ir sintaksės požiūriu yra labai ženklus, nes pusiau pagalbiniai veiksmažodžiai yra dažni ir grožinėje literatūroje, ir dokumentiniame žanre, ir buityje. Kalbininkų požiūris į pusiau pagalbinius veiksmažodžius skiriasi tik dėl paties pavadinimo: pusiau pagalbiniai, veikslo, pagalbiniai veikslo veiksmažodžiai, modaliniai veiksmažodžiai, veiksmažodžių junginiai, tačiau visi kalbininkai sutaria, kad pagalbiniai veiksmažodžiai prancūzų kalboje skiriasi nuo pagalbinių veiksmažodžių tuo, kad jie išsaugo didesnę ar mažesnę semantinės reikšmės dalį ir padeda išreikšti tuos niuansus, kurių neįmanoma išreikšti morfologinėmis formomis. Tai ir yra pusiau pagalbinių veiksmažodžių vaidmuo semantikos požiūriu. Sintaksės požiūriu pusiau pagalbiniai veiksmažodžiai sudaro nedalomą junginį su tariniu, todėl yra sudėtinė tarinio dalis, kuri paklūsta visoms tradicinės gramatikos taisyklėms: yra asmenuojama, kaitoma laikais, asmenimis, derinama su skaičiumi, gimine ir tt.Semi-auxiliary verb's role in modern French syntax and semantics is very significant because the semi-auxiliary verbs are quite frequent in literature as well as periodicals. All the linguists agree on the fact, that auxiliary verbs or pure modals do not contain any semantic meaning and serve just for grammatical purposes to express future or past times and semi-auxiliary verbs in French do contain some part of its semantic meaning and have some serious impact on the main verb. Linguists’ approaches differ only in the denomination as a semi-auxiliary or auxiliary of aspect, auxiliary aspect verbs, modal verbs, verbs compounds and so on. The semi-auxiliary verbs role consists of its semantic sens as well as its syntactic functions, as semi-auxiliary verbs tend to express the shadings of a verb, that can’t be translated by morphological means and morphological forms. On the syntactic point of view, semi-auxiliary verbs form with the infinitive an integrated combination of the predicate. It is an integral part of the predicate, where the semi-auxiliary acts as a regular verb under all rules of grammar: changes in accordance with person, singular or plural, gender, mode, time etc.
Le rôle du verbe semi-auxiliaire dans le français contemporain du point de vue sémantico- syntaxique est très important, puisque les verbes semi auxiliaires sont fréquents en belles lettres ainsi que les périodiques et le quotidien. Les approches des linguistes envers le verbe semi-auxiliaire ne diffèrent qu’en dénomination : semi-auxiliaire, auxiliaire d’aspect, les aspectuels, les modaux, causatifs, perceptifs, périphrases verbales etc. Tous les linguistes soulignent que le verbe auxiliaire est dépourvu de tout sens, et le verbe semi-auxiliaire en garde une partie sémantique plus ou moins grande. Les semi-auxiliaires aident à exprimer les nuances quand les formes morphologiques ne peuvent pas les couvrir. Le verbe semi-auxiliaire est étroitement lié à l’expression de l’aspect. Le rôle sémantique des verbes semi-auxiliaires consiste à apporter des nuances au verbe principal ou même détourner son sens, tandis que le rôle syntaxique est plus concret et consiste à précéder et faire partie intégrante du prédicat et .
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Ávila, Maria Carolina [UNESP]. "Propriedades semânticas e alternâncias sintáticas do verbo: um exercício exploratório de delimitação do significado". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93966.
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A partir da hipótese de que a estrutura de argumentos projetada pelo verbo reflete aspectos da sua estrutura conceitual, esta dissertação investiga um conjunto de teorias que analisam essa interface sintaxe-semântica com o objetivo de recortar uma representação das dimensões sintática e semântica para essa classe lexical. Do ponto de vista lingüístico, analisam-se as propriedades léxico-semânticas de um conjunto de verbos do português do Brasil, extraído da base de verbos da rede WordNet.Br e nocionalmente correspondente à classe semântica dos verbos do inglês Verbos de Destitução de Posse-Verbos do Tipo 'Roubar', isolada por Levin (1993). As representações léxico-semântica e léxico-sintática fundamentam-se, respectivamente, na teoria sobre as Estruturas Conceituais de Jackendoff (1990, 2002) e na teoria sobre a Estrutura de Argumentos de Hale e Keyser (2002). Do ponto de vista lingüístico-computacional, desenvolvem-se uma estratégia de construção e refinamento dos synsets de verbos da rede WordNet.Br e uma proposta de representação formal das dimensões sintáticas e conceitual para os verbos.
This thesis presents an inquiry on the lexical-syntactic and the lexical-semantic representation of verbs from the perspective that aspects of verb's argument structure reflect its conceptual structure. In the linguistic domain, the thesis investigates both the lexical-semantic and lexical-syntactic properties of the synset of Brazilian Portuguese verbs extracted from the WordNet.Br lexical database that corresponds to Levin's (1993) class of verbs of Possessional Deprivation-Steal/Rob Verbs. The lexical-semantic and lexical-syntactic representation are grounded in Jackendoff's (1990, 2002) Semantic Structures Theory and Hale and Keyser's (2002) Argument Structure Theory, respectively. In the computational-linguistic domain, it presents both a strategy for constructing and refining the WordNet.Br verb synsets and a formal representation for describing the syntactic and conceptual dimensions of verbs.
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Narmontienė, Kristiana. "From noun to verb. Denominal verbs in translation from English into Lithuanian". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080926_180134-47165.
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The translation of Denominal verbs is not enough analyze in Lithania, thus, the work specifies some definitions of the phenomena, provides its derivation and classifications as well as emphasizes the pecularities of denominal verb in translation process. The subject of the research is based on contrastive analyzes of source and target languages by reffering to Ken Kesey‘s novel ‚ One Flew over Cuckoo‘s Nest‘. The aim of the work is point out pecularities of denominal verbs in tralslation of the novel from English into Lithuanian.Denominatyvinių veiksmažodžių vertimas mažai tyrinėtas Lietuvoje, todėl darbe supažindinama su šių veiksmažodžių definicijomis, kilme ir klasifikacijomis, bei išryškinami vertimo ypatumai.Tyrimo objektu pasirinkta gretinamoji Keno Kizio romano ‚Skrydis virš gegutės lizdo‘ originalo kalbos ir vertimo kalbos analizė. Tyrimo tikslu siekiama nustatyti denominatyvinių veiksmažodžių ypatumus verčiant šį romaną iš anglų kalbos į lietuvių kalbą.
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Owa, Denis Luiz Marcello. "Verbos da língua portuguesa do período antigo: os 16 verbos irregulares segundo Joaquim Mattoso Câmara Jr. e como são documentados nas Cantigas de Santa Maria". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-15052013-084443/.
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Neste estudo, analisou-se como os verbos irregulares foram documentados nas Cantigas de Santa Maria a partir do que Joaquim Mattoso Câmara Jr. teorizou em suas obras Estrutura da Língua Portuguesae História e Estrutura da Língua Portuguesa. Trata-se de uma abordagem teórica modernapara estudar como se manifestaramesses verbos sete séculos atrás e como evoluíram até os dias atuais. Além das considerações de Câmara Jr., foram abordadas as posições de outros autores, como José Joaquim Nunes, Joseph Huber, Ismael de Lima Coutinho, Heinrich Lausberg e Rosa Virgínia Mattos e Silva. As Cantigas de Santa Maria foram examinadasna edição crítica de Walter Mettmann, sobretudo no glossário (volume IV). Parte-se da hipótese de como a analogia e a frequência de uso tiveram papel primordial nas mudanças das formas estudadas, tanto mudanças fonéticas como morfológicas.This study analyzed how irregular verbs were documented in the Cantigas de Santa Maria from what Joaquim Mattoso Câmara Jr. theorized in his works Estrutura da Língua Portuguesa(Portuguese Language Structure) and História eEstrutura da Língua Portuguesa (History and Structure of the Portuguese Language). This is a modern theoretical approach to study how these verbs showedseven centuries ago and developed to the present day. Besides the considerations of Câmara Jr., positions of other authors such as José Joaquim Nunes, Joseph Huber, Ismael Lima Coutinho, Heinrich Lausberg and Rosa Virginia Mattos e Silva were also considered. The Cantigas de Santa Maria were studied by thecritical edition of Walter Mettmann, especially inthe glossary (4thvolume). This studystarted from the hypothesis that how analogy and frequency of use had role in changing forms studied, both phonetic and morphological changes.
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Hoye, Nathaniel. "Transitive and Intransitive Verbs in Ki Idioms". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157620/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine idiomatic structures with ki in the ki-wo [transitive verb] and ki-ga [intransitive verb] constructions. It is argued that for Japanese language learners, it is crucial to be able to understand and produce ki idioms, because they are frequently used in everyday speech. There are often misconceptions regarding ki in the West for those who are fans of Japanese culture due to the influence of martial arts and anime, which paint ki as a spiritual energy that can be controlled and developed. However, upon examining the above mentioned idiomatic structures with ki, it is clear that ki can be expressed as both controllable by the subject of ki (transitive), as well as a thing that acts of its own accord and is spontaneous (intransitive). This thesis somewhat corroborates the studies of W. M. Jacobson, Zoe Pei Sui Luk , and Yoshihiko Ikegami by arguing that intransitive constructions are often used in Japanese, and examining both transitive and intransitive expressions with ki is significant to understanding the meanings produced in ki expressions. It is hoped that analyzing 37 transitive and intransitive idiomatic structures with ki will help Japanese language learners not only understand the syntactic and semantic aspects of transitivity in the Japanese language, but also to help these L2 learners conceptualize the abstract noun ki, which can be defined in so many different ways in a dictionary.
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Costa, Tharsila Moreira Gomes da. "Teste de morfologia da língua portuguesa em sujeitos normais: efeitos de escolaridade". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-25102017-154521/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Pouco se conhece sobre aspectos morfológicos da linguagem, o que representa uma lacuna no cenário das relações cérebro-mente. Os escassos estudos foram realizados em línguas anglo-saxônicas, com características diferentes do português brasileiro. Estudos dos aspectos morfológicos, em sujeitos com alterações neurológicas, demonstram efeitos do desempenho em tarefas de linguagem. Alguns estudos apontam que a flexão de verbos regulares e irregulares pode estar associada a mecanismos e processamentos cerebrais diferentes. A pesquisa sobre o comportamento de indivíduos sadios falantes do português brasileiro pode colaborar para a construção de referências que permitirão estudos futuros sobre sujeitos com alterações de linguagem. OBJETIVOS: verificar a produção morfológica em Língua Portuguesa do Brasil de sujeitos cognitivamente saudáveis por meio de um teste de flexão de verbos e pseudoverbos. MÉTODO: A amostra foi composta por sujeitos sadios, com idade entre 40 a 80 anos. Foi considerado o nível de escolaridade pelo número de anos em escola formal: o Grupo 1 (G1) entre 0 a 7 anos de estudo, e o Grupo 2 (G2) acima de 8 anos de estudo. O Teste foi composto por frases-alvo com verbos e pseudoverbos, balanceadas em tempo verbal, conjugação dos verbos e tipo do verbo (regular/irregular). As frases alvo foram apresentadas em áudio por meio de um software e o sujeito foi solicitado a completar a frase. RESULTADOS: As respostas dos sujeitos foram analisadas e descritas com perfis de desempenho dos grupos em relação à escolaridade. Nos verbos reais irregulares foi observado pior desempenho para o G1 em relação ao G2, com diferença estatística. Nos pseudoverbos foi observada diferença estatística em todas as flexões verbais, com desempenho pior para o G1. A análise qualitativa das respostas revelou efeito de lexicalização do pseudoverbo, ausência de respostas e transformações fonológicas mais frequentes nas respostas do G1. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo, realizado com uma amostra populacional cognitivamente saudável pode contribuir como referência para futuras pesquisas envolvendo pacientes com diferentes alterações de linguagemIntroduction: Little is known about the morphological aspects of language, which represents a gap in the brain-mind relationship scenario. The scarce studies were produced in Anglo-Saxon languages, with different characteristics from the Brazilian Portuguese. Studies on morphological aspects in subjects with neurological disorders have shown worst performance related to language tasks. A few studies indicate that the inflexion of regular and irregular verbs may be associated with different mechanisms and cerebral processes. The research about healthy Brazilian Portuguese speakers\' behavior may collaborate as reference for future studies with subjects with language disorders. Purpose: to verify the morphological production in the Portuguese language in healthy subjects through a verb and pseudoverb inflexion test. Methods: the sample was composed by cognitively healthy individuals with ages ranging between 40 to 80 years old. The years of formal education were considered as the educational level; the Group 1 (G1) between 0 to 7 years of study and the Group 2 (G2) above 8 years of study. The test consisted of 213 target-phrases with different verbal tenses. The sentences were built with real verbs and pseudoverbs. A program was designed to play the target-phrases in audio and the subjects had to complete the given sentence. Results: the subjects\' answers were transcribed and analyzed by their performance on the test and also through the type of answer presented to each stimulus. Subjects were then compared by their performance and educational level. For the real irregular verbs it was observed a worse performance by G1 than G2, with a marked statistical significance. For the pseudoverbs it was observed a statistical significance in all verb inflexions, with worse performance by G1. Qualitative analysis of the responses revealed a pseudoverb lexicalization effect, absence of answer and a more frequent phonological transformation for G1 answers. Conclusion: there is an education influence in the morphological production performance in cognitively healthy individuals. This study may contribute as a reference for future researches involving patients with language disorders in Brazil
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Abrines, Llabrés Bartomeu. "Els verbs de canvi d'estat i l'alternança causativa en català". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399985.
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Aquesta tesi pretén analitzar el comportament sintàctic dels verbs de canvi d'estat en llengua catalana respecte de la participació en l'alternança causativa i oferir una proposta teòrica de les representacions sintàctiques de la variant causativa i de l'anticausativa, així com de les construccions que s'hi relacionen (passiva perifràstica, passiva pronominal i mitjana).
La tesi pretén, doncs, donar resposta a diferents preguntes com ara, per exemple, quins són els verbs que participen de l'alternança causativa en català i quins són els factors que determinen que un verb de canvi d'estat alterni, si és que n'hi ha cap; quina és la relació estructural entre les dues construccions alternants, si és que una deriva de l'altra; quina és la relació amb les construccions de passiva i mitjana; quin és el paper del clític pronominal se que prenen les variants anticausatives de l'alternança en català, i quina és la representació sintàctica corresponent a les construccions analitzades i si aquestes mantenen un component de CAUSA en aquesta representació.
El marc teòric adoptat és el de la Morfologia Distribuïda, i concretament partim de la proposta neoconstruccional, i no derivacional, d'Alexiadou, Anagnostopoulou & Schäfer (2015) per revisar-la lleugerament i fer una proposta que doni compte del comportament empíric dels verbs de canvi d'estat en català pel que fa a l'alternança.
Així doncs, en primer lloc analitzem la participació en l'alternança dels verbs de canvi d'estat, a partir de les classificacions que s'han proposat per a aquest tipus de verbs. En l'anàlisi proposem que les construccions causatives amb un subjecte agentiu no alternen i que la corresponent construcció intransitiva s'ha d'entendre com de passiva pronominal. Així mateix, i de manera important, demostrem que els verbs de canvi de causa interna, contràriament al que s'ha mantingut tradicionalment, també alternen en català, tot i que amb restriccions pel que fa al subjecte de la variant causativa, fenomen que analitzem a partir de la Direct Causation Condition de Rappaport Hovav & Levin (2012) i Rappaport Hovav (2014). Posteriorment analitzem els tipus d'anticausatius en català: els que prenen sempre el clític pronominal en la variant anticausativa, el que no el prenen mai i els que el poden prendre o no. La conclusió és que hi ha molt pocs verbs en català que no prenen el clític o que el prenen opcionalment, i que la hipòtesi segons la qual és el grau d''espontaneïtat amb què el parlant concep un esdeveniment el que determina la participació en l'alternança i si es pren o no el clític (Alexiadou, 2014c; Haspelmath, 1993; Haspelmath et al., 2014; Heidinger, 2015, o Schäfer, 2008) només es pot adoptar com a tendència. A continuació analitzem el comportament dels verbs alternants respecte de la legitimació d'adjunts que indiquen causa, especialment de la legitimació de l'adjunt per si sol, i de les construccions anticausatives amb un datiu lliure. Totes dues anàlisis ens permeten concloure que tant la variant anticausativa com la causativa no tenen un component de CAUSA en la seva estructura sintàctica i que el significat causatiu és estructural.
Pel que fa a la proposta teòrica indiquem sis estructures sintàctiques per donar compte de les construccions de l'alternança i de les que s'hi relacionen, a partir de la combinació dels nuclis Voice, Middle i Passive amb el nucli esdevenimental v i l'arrel. En aquest sentit, postulem que les arrels s'incrusten lliurement en aquestes estructures i que és postsintàcticament que el component enciclopèdic determina si les construccions són acceptables o fracassen. En aquest sentit indiquem la necessitat d'un principi cognitiu que doni compte de la legitimació de les construccions causatives amb verbs de canvi de causa interna.This thesis intends basically to analyse the syntactic performance of the change of state verbs in Catalan language regarding the involvement in the causative alternation, and moreover to offer a theoretical approach of the syntactic representations of both the causative and the anticausative variation, as well as of their implicated constructions (periphrastic passive, pronominal passive, and middle). The thesis intends, then, to answer different questions such as which verbs take part in the causative alternation in Catalan, and which factors, if any, may determine that a change of state verb may alternate; which structural relation may exist between both alternative constructions, if one derives from the other one; what relation may be with the passive and middle constructions; what role may have the pronominal clitic se, and last but not least which is the syntactic representation related to the analysed constructions and whether these ones maintain a CAUSE component in this representation. The theoretical framework used is that of Distributed Morphology, and we take the neoconstructional proposal as the starting point, not the derivational one, by Alexiadou, Anagnostopoulou & Schäfer (2015), in order to slightly revise it and make a proposal which may consider the empirical behaviour of change of state verbs in Catalan in regards of alternation. Therefore, we will firstly analyse the participation in alternation of change of state verbs, from the classifications being proposed for this kind of verbs. In the analysis we propose that the causative constructions with an agent subject do not alternate, and that the corresponding intransitive construction has to be understood as a pronominal passive. Contrarily to what has been traditionally claimed, it is strongly demonstrated that change of state verbs of internal cause also alternate in Catalan, even though with some restrictions when it comes to the subject of the causative variation, a phenomena that we analyse from the Direct Causation Condition by Rappaprot Hovav & Levin (2012) and Rappaport Hovav (2014). Later on, we analyse the kinds of anticausatives in Catalan: those which always take the pronominal clitic in thecausative variant, those which mat take it ornot. The conclusion is that there are very few verbs in Catalan which do not take the clitic or take it optionally, and that the hypothesis according to which it is the degree of spontaneity with which the speaker conceives an event which determines the participation in the alternation and if it takes the clitic or not (Alexiadou, 2014c; Haspelmath, 1993; Haspelmath et al., 2014; Heidinger, 2015; Schäfer, 2008) can only be adopted as a trend. Next, we analyse the behaviour of the alternanting verbs in relation with the license of adjuncts which show cause; especially the license of the adjunct per si sol, and the anticausative construction with a free dative. Both analyses allow us to conclude that as the anticausative variant as the causative one do not have a CAUSE component in its structures, and that the causative meaning is in fact structural. As regards the theoretical approach, we point out six syntactic structures to account for the constructions of alternation and those related to them, from the combination of the nucleus Voice, Middle, and Passive with a little v and the root. In this sense, we postulate that the roots are freely embedded in these structures, and that that it is postsyntactically the fact that the encyclopaedic component determines if the constructions are accepted or fail. As a result, we show the need of a cognitive principle which accounts for license of the causative constructions with change of state verbs of internal cause.
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Shabani-Jadidi, Pouneh. "Processing Compound Verbs in Persian". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22717.
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This study investigates how Persian compound verbs are processed in the mental lexicon, through which we can infer how they are stored, organized, and accessed. The study focuses on investigating Persian compound verbs in light of psycholinguistic theories on polymorphemic word processing as well as linguistic theories of complex predicates.
The psycholinguistic section details three experiments addressing the following three research questions: (1) whether compound verb constituents show significant priming in the masked-priming paradigm; (2) whether priming effects are constrained by semantic transparency; and (3) whether priming effects are due to morphological relatedness.
This study revealed several findings: (1) compound verbs in Persian are decomposed into their constituents at early stages of processing, (2) at early stages of processing, decomposition is based on purely orthographic similarity, (3) although both transparent and opaque compound constituents were facilitated while processing, transparency had an impact on processing in the early stages of processing.
Finally, the findings seem to support a parallel input effect or competing alternative effect for the verbal constituent of the transparent compound verb, as reflected in the slower facilitation for the verbal constituent compared to the nominal constituent.
In theoretical studies on Persian complex predicates, the compound verb formation can be either lexical or syntactic. The overall evidence reflected in the linguistic data for Persian complex predicates presented in this dissertation as well as the results of the experimental studies carried out in this research seem to point towards lexical compounding in Persian compound verb formation. The evidence comes from (1) the nominalization of the compound, i.e. the possibility of using the compound verb as a noun; (2) the atelicity feature, i.e. the possibility of using the compound verb after the progressive expression dar haale ‘in the process of’, which indicates an incomplete action; and (3) the nonreferentiality of the nominal constituent in the compound verb, i.e. the nominal constituent cannot be followed by a pronoun that refers to it.
On the other hand, the results of the experimental studies reported in this dissertation seem to support a lexical approach to compound verbs in Persian. The technique used in these experimental studies was masked priming paradigm, which investigates the prelexical and lexical processing. The results reveal constituent priming effects under masked priming technique. This indicates that Persian compound verb constituents are accessed at the prelexical stage of processing. Syntactic calculations are said to be done at later stages of processing. Therefore, the early processing of compound verb constituents leads us to the argument for the lexicality of Persian compound verbs.
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Tshikalange, Khaukanani Wilson. "Verbs of existence in Tshivenda". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52044.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines the Predicate Argument Structure (PAS) of the verbs of existence with special reference to transitive and intransitive verbs in Tshivenda. Chapter One is the introduction of this study. It states the purpose of study, theoretical framework, organisation of study as well as the predicate argument structure of the verbs of existence. representation (i.e.theta-roles) are also defined. The lexical - semantic A review of Chomsky's Government and Binding theory is given. The study also examines the different types of verbs of existence. Chapter Two of this study examines the arguments of verbs of existence. The external NP argument in subject position will be considered with the features [+animate] i.e. (humans and animal) or [-animate]. The interpretation of the example sentence of the arguments will also be given. Chapter Three examines the compatibility between verbs of existence and several syntactic operations. These possible operations include the locative inversion, locative alternation, location subject alternation, location instrument alternation, the benefactive and the locative. Chapter Four is the conclusion where the summary of the main contents of the previous chapters is given.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hiedie navorsing ondersoek die Predikaat Argument Struktuur van die werkwoorde van bestaan met spesiale verwysing na oorganklike en onoorganklike werkwoorde in Tshivenda. Hoofstuk Een is die inleiding van hierdie navorsing. Dit gee die doel van die studie, die teoretiese raamwerk, organisasie van die studie, sowel as die predikaat argument struktuur van die werkwoorde van bestaan. Die leksikaal semantiese representasie (d.i. die theta-roll e) is gedefinieer. Die aannames van Chomsky se Government en Binding teorie is gegee. Die studie poog ook om die verskillende vorms van die werkwoord van bestaan te gee. Hoofstuk Twee ondersoek die argumente van die werkwoorde van bestaan. Die eksterne argumente in onderwerp-posisie val saam met die kenmerke (+lewendig) d.i. (mense en diere) of (-lewendig). Die interpretasie van die voorbeeldsin is ook gegee. Hoofstuk Drie ondersoek die alternasies van die werkwoorde van bestaan en verskeie sintaktiese operasies. Hierdie operasies sluit in die lokatiewe inversie, -alternasie, -onderwerp alternasie, -instrument alternasie, die bevoordeelde en die lokatiewe. Hoofstuk Vier is die konklusie waarin 'n samevatting van die vonge Hoofstukke gegee word.
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Holmes, Jasper Willem. "Lexical properties of English verbs". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444789/.
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The central claim of this thesis is that the combinatorial properties of words are determined by their lexical structures. I argue that the lexicalist position follows from the Word Grammar (WG) analytical framework. This framework, developed by Hudson (1984, 1990, 1994, 2003), is the one that I adopt in the linguistic descriptions in the thesis, and the further development of the framework is a significant part of the work. I consider the work of a number of writers, some of whom take a similar lexicalist position. I show how the lexicalist assumption, together with the analytical properties of WG, provides for a meaningful and explanatory analysis of a number of grammatical patterns, including the interaction between verbs of motion and their satellites, the syntactic and semantic behaviour of resultative expressions and alternation between causative and unaccusative uses of verbs. A detailed analysis of the meanings of verbs and prepositions provides the means for predicting their syntactic and semantic behaviour in the relevant constructions. I concentrate on English chiefly because it is my own first language, but also because of the body of existing work, including corpuses, in or on English which provides a basis for the work in the second part. I do consider data from other languages when they show illuminating similarities or differences to the patterns found in English. I concentrate on the structure and behaviour of verbs since they often stand at the centre of grammatical structures, determining to a large extent the relationships among the elements that surround them. However, it is of course impossible to study the behaviour of verbs without also considering the properties of those other elements. Considerable time is spent on the relationships between verbs and other argument-taking words, including prepositions, particles and adjectives.
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Darteni, Silvia. "Italian parasynthetic verbs : argument structure". Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080073/document.
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La thèse porte sur la structure argumentale des verbes parasynthétiques italiens. Elle s'intéresse En particulier à deux sous-groupes : les dénominaux dont la paraphrase est « faire devenir S », où S est le substantif de base (appelés BN); et les désadjectivaux dont la paraphrase est « faire quelque chose plus A », où A est l'adjective de base (appelés DPV). Les deux types de verbes posent des questions très différentes, mais liées à la question de la syntaxe lexicale : les premiers forment une construction seconde inattendue dans le domaine roman ; les deuxièmes peuvent générer deuxlectures aspectuelles (stative et événementiel) même en étant causatifs.La thèse s'ouvre avec des chapitres de caractère général. Le premier plaide pour une amélioration des méthodes de collecte de données dans le domaine génératif. Les deuxième et troisième chapitres décrivent les cadres formels pertinents ainsi que la parasynthèse.La première partie de la thèse porte sur les BN. Au moyen de tests conduits sur des locuteurs natifs de l'italien, elle affirme et analyse l'acceptabilité de la construction pseudo-résultative en italien. Cette enquête se poursuit par une comparaison avec les données du français, qui se comporte différemment. La deuxième partie s'ouvre avec une réflexion sur les diagnostics de la stativité, et se poursuit avec l'analyse des DPVs. En particulier, le concept de causalité stative est analysé et traduit dans la théorie de la causalité de force-dynamics.Enfin, une application au TALN des diagnostics de stativité est décrite dans le dernier chapitre. L'importance de l'identification précise de la stativité est éclaircieThe present dissertation investigates the argument structure of two groups of Italian parasyntheticverbs: denominal verbs paraphrased as "make X become N", where N is the base noun (henceforth BN); adjectival verbs paraphrased as "make X more A", where A is the base adjective. The two groups present different issues linked to the lexical syntax, the former can participate in a secondary predication that is unexpected for Romance languages; the latter can receive two aspectual readings (stative and eventive) which are both causative.The dissertation starts with three chapters of general interest. The first one describes new experimental methods that can be employed in generative linguistics. The second and third one describe useful frameworks and the morphological process of parasynthesis.The first part of the dissertation analyses BNs. It is shown by means of several experiments that Italian native speakers accept the pseudo-resultative construction. Results of a comparative study with French are reported and show that French behaves differently to Italian in this respect.4The second part analyses stativity diagnostics and apply them in the study of DPVs. It gives account for the causal stativity in the force-dynamic framework.The last chapter applies stativity diagnostics in the natural language processing domain
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Pierce, Robert D. "Phrasal verbs in academic lectures". PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4140.
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Phrasal verbs are a pervasive and distinctly Germanic part of the spoken English language that has been alive for centuries. They have preceded American history, and yet considered to be "the most active and creative pattern and word formation in the American language" (Meyer, 1975). Distinctly colloquial, idiomatic and varying in shades of literalness and figurativity, phrasal verbs are largely dominant in casual usage, such as conversation, while the Latinate verbs of English are dominant in formal usage, such as in making reports (McArthur 1989). While foreign educators and their students, such as from Chinese countries, are found to emphasize English study for formal and academic purposes, the acquisition of phrasal verbs may not be considered instrumental to the purposes of the students coming to the United States in pursuit of academic degrees.
Because of the pervasiveness of phrasal verbs in spoken English language, and because of the largely conversational nature of American lectures, this study is intended to answer the following research questions:
1. In university classrooms, are the phrasal verbs spoken by native English speaking lecturers?
2. Are figurative phrasal verbs in academic lectures significantly greater in frequency than non-figuratively classified phrasal verbs in the academic lectures?
3. Do certain academic subjects tend to generate a significant increase in the number of phrasal verbs spoken by instructors, of either figurative phrasal verbs, or the more literal non-figuratively classified phrasal verbs?
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Shibata, Chihaya C. "Honorific predication in early middle Japanese : a critical survey with examples from the Ookagami /". Connect to this title online, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1116609758.
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Rodrigues, Angelica Terezinha Carmo. "Eu fui e fiz esta tese : as construções do tipo foi fez no portugues do Brasil". [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/271023.
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Orientador: Maria Luiza BragaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Na presente tese, investigo as ¿construções do tipo foi fez¿, doravante CFFs, presentes na modalidade falada do Português do Brasil (PB). Essas construções apresentam propriedades morfossintáticas bem definidas, além de desempenharem um papel particular na situação de fala. Esta tese, desenvolvida sob o paradigma do funcionalismo lingüístico (vertente americana), se baseia em dados oriundos de amostras reais de fala, coletadas a partir do banco de dados constituído por pesquisadores e bolsistas do Projeto PEUL da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Para sustentar minhas hipóteses e examinar alguns fatores tradicionalmente utilizados nas pesquisas sociolingüísticas, trabalhei com 16 grupos de fatores que foram operacionalizados através do pacote VARBRUL, principalmente dos programas MAKECELL e CROSSTAB. As CFFs se formam a partir de uma seqüência mínima de V1 e V2, em que V1 corresponde a um dos verbos ir, chegar e pegar e V2 é relativamente livre. Essas construções podem ocorrer sob a forma de dois tipos distintos. No tipo 1, V1 e V2 são interligados pela conjunção e. No tipo 2, V1 e V2 apenas se justapõem. Ademais, V1 e V2 partilham flexões de tempo e pessoa e têm sujeitos correferenciais. Quanto à sua função, as CFFs atuam no nível discursivo-pragmático, dramatizando ou enfatizando os eventos descritos em V2. Uma vez que, além das propriedades exclusivas de sua categoria, apresentam ainda outras que são compartilhadas por diferentes tipos de construções, as CFFs não se encaixam no modelo clássico de categorização. Propus que apenas um modelo mais flexível, como aquele que prevê a existência de semelhança de famílias e de protótipos, é adequado para dar conta dos dados. Embora as CFFs possam ser concebidas como um membro de um continuum de construções de predicação complexa, com ocorrência em várias línguas, no que se restringe ao PB, as CFFs permanecem distintas de todos os outros tipos de construções. Tendo em vista as mudanças sofridas por ir, chegar e pegar que levaram ao desenvolvimento das CFFs, atesto que esses verbos percorrem os mesmos estágios iniciais previstos nos processos de gramaticalização, sem que, no entanto, tenham adquirido uma função gramatical prototípica, como tempo, aspecto e modo, mas sim uma função pragmática. Ao considerar que os verbos ir, chegar e pegar se gramaticalizaram, dando origem às CFFs, deixo claro que esses verbos exercem, nessas construções, uma função diversa daquelas originalmente previstas nos estudos de gramaticalização
Abstract: The present thesis examines the ¿foi fez constructions¿ (Lit. ¿Went Did constructions¿), henceforth FFCs, in spoken Brazilian Portuguese. FFCs exhibit definite morphosyntactic properties associated to the uses of the verbs ir (go), chegar (arrive) e pegar (take) and they also play a specific role on the speech situation. This thesis is developed under the functionalism paradigm (American version) and is based on data, collected from the PEUL Project database. In order to support my hypothesis and analyze some traditional sociolinguistics features, I adopted the methodological principles from the Theory of Linguistic Variation to make a quantitative analysis, using the VARBRUL, mainly the programs MAKECELL and CROSSTAB. FFCs consist minimally of a sequence of V1 and V2, where V1 and V2 share inflections for verb tense and subject. V1 is one of the verbs ir ¿go¿, chegar ¿arrive¿, and, pegar ¿take¿ and V2 is relatively open. V1 and V2 can be contiguous, type 1, or can be connected by e ¿and¿, type 2. The chief function of V1 in FFCs appears to be a discourse-pragmatic one, dramatizing or emphasizing the events codified by V2. FFCs do not constitute a sharply bounded grammatical category. As they share a number of resemblances with some other major construction, they cannot be analyzed in terms of discrete classical categories. I suggested that only a more flexible kind of categorization, as family resemblance and prototypic approaches, is appropriate to account for the data. Notwithstanding FFCs are understood here as a member of a group of complex predicates crosslinguistically observed, as far as Portuguese is concerned, they remain a distinctive class of grammatical construction. Furthermore I verified that ir, chegar e pegar have undergone changes, which result on the development of FFCs and concur with the first stages of grammaticalization. However, I stress that FFCs do not developed a prototypical grammatical function, like tense, aspect and mood, traditionally used to account for grammaticalization. Rather they developed a pragmatic one. Although I consider the development of FFCs as a result of a grammaticalization process, it is necessary to emphasize that they acquire a function different from those expected for grammaticalized items
Doutorado
Sociolinguistica
Doutor em Linguística
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McCarthy, Diana. "Lexical acquisition at the syntax-semantics interface : diathesis alternations, subcategorization frames and selectional preferences". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340804.
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Arad, Maya. "VP-structure and the syntax-lexicon interface". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287217.
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Goede, Dieuwke de. "Verbs in spoken sentence processing: unraveling the activation pattern of the matrix verb". [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2006. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/298832666.
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Couturier, Kaijser Vilma. "Metaphorical uses of verbs of animal sounds in Swedish". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-148958.
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Animals often act as source domain is metaphorical shifts. In European languages, there are often several lexicalised verbs for specific sounds with a prototypical animal as subject. These verbs of animal sounds and their metaphorical meanings have been studied cross-linguistically, which have made it possible to create a classification of situations that tend to be expressed by animal metaphors. There are many verbs of animal sounds in Swedish, but their metaphorical uses are not investigated. The present study investigates the metaphorical use of verbs of animal sounds in Swedish blog text and news text. The classification is used as a starting point for analysing occurrences of 13 Swedish verbs. The study seeks to answer which situations can be expressed by the Swedish verbs, which different situations can one and the same verb express metaphorically, and how did the typological classification suit the Swedish data? The results showed that the verbs often have human subjects, and different verbs varies in the range of metaphorical uses they possess. Three types of changes were made to the classification to suit the Swedish data: situations were moved, situations were added, and situations were removed.Djur förekommer ofta som källdomän i metaforer. I europeiska språk finns det ofta många lexikaliserade verb för specifika typer av läten med ett prototypiskt djur som subjekt. Typologiska studier har gjorts på dessa verb för djurläten, och deras metaforiska användningar. Detta har lett till en klassifikationsmodell över mänskliga situationer som ofta uttrycks med metaforisk användning av verb för djurläten. I svenska finns det många sådana verb, men deras metaforiska användningar har inte undersökts. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka den metaforiska användningen av verb för djurläten i svenska. 13 verb som beskriver ett specifikt läte hos ett visst djur valdes ut. Studiens data var definitioner av verben, hämtade från lexikon, och konkordansrader med verben, hämtade från korpusar av språk från bloggar och nyhetstext. Studien undersöker vilka situationer som kan uttryckas med metaforisk användning av dessa verb, vilka olika användningar ett och samma verb kan uttrycka, samt hur väl den föreslagna klassifikationsmodellen fungerar på svenska. Resultatet visar att verben främst har mänskliga subjekt och att verben varierar i hur många och vilka situationer de kan uttrycka metaforiskt. Ett par ändringar gjordes på klassifikationsmodellen, till exempel lades typen ’talverb’ till, och subtypen ’röstkvalitet’ frigjordes från typen ’fysiologiska ljud’.
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Martin, Fabienne. "Prédicats statifs, causatifs et résultatifs en discours. Sémantique des adjectifs évaluatifs et des verbes psychologiques". Phd thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450803.
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Cette thèse analyse les propriétés sémantiques et discursives des prédicats d'état ('laid, généreux') ainsi que des prédicats causatifs et résultatifs, et plus particulièrement des verbes psychologiques à Expérienceur objet ('stimuler, encourager'). Le cadre adopté est celui de la sémantique néo-davidsonienne (Parsons, 1990) et de la sémantique du discours (Kamp & Reyle 1993, Asher 1993). La première partie (chap 1-7) est consacrée aux prédicats d'état, et la seconde aux prédicats causatifs et résultatifs (chap. 8-9). Dans le chapitre 1, on expose les arguments en faveur de l'idée que les verbes d'état ont un argument implicite davidsonien comme les verbes d'action. Abordant ensuite les constructions en 'by/in' ('by/in smoking, he broke his promise'), l'auteur propose de considérer, avec Goldman et contre Davidson, que celles-ci décrivent deux événements distincts, liés par une relation de génération. L'analyse goldmanienne de ces constructions est ensuite étendue aux prédicats d'état ('in doing this, he was clever'), ce qui permet de distinguer les prédicats qui dénotent un état dépendant d'une action, comme 'clever' en usage occurrentiel, des prédicats qui dénotent un état indépendant d'une action, comme beautiful (cf. '??in doing this, he was beautiful'). Le chapitre 2 fait le point sur les spécificités des prédicats d'état par rapport aux prédicats d'activité. Y est notamment montré que certains prédicats d'état acceptent le "progressif interprétatif" ('tu es en train de croire au Père Noël!'). Ce type de progressif est distingué du progressif standard et du progressif actif anglais ('he was being clever'); sont définis également les "prédicats interprétatifs" qui n'acceptent que ce progressif. Le chapitre 3 élabore une typologie aspectuelle des prédicats d'état. Sont d'abord distingués quatre types d'états en fonction de l'intervalle pendant lequel l'état en cause est vérifié. On montre que cette quadri-partition rend mieux compte des données linguistiques que la dichotomie classique en 'stage level predicates' et 'individual level predicates'. Ensuite sont définis les "prédicats d'état pur" comme beau, qui dénotent un état indépendant de toute action, et les "prédicats d'état endo-actionnel" comme 'généreux/bruyant' en usage occurrentiel, qui dénote un état généré par une action. On présente des arguments contre l'assimilation de ces derniers prédicats à des prédicats d'action. Est alors analysée l'ambiguïté des prédicats comme "généreux" dans l'emploi occurrentiel: 'Pierre m'a donné des bonbons. Il a été généreux' peut vouloir dire soit que Pierre a été généreux de (décider de) me donner des bonbons (lecture-d), soit qu'il a été généreux dans la manière de me les donner (lecture-m). Dans la foulée, on examine la relation temporelle qui prend place entre un état s et l'action e dont il dépend. Enfin, on montre que l'analyse proposée peut rendre compte de la concurrence entre passé composé et imparfait dans les phrases dénotant un état occurrentiel. A partir de la typologie aspectuelle élaborée au chapitre 3, le chapitre 4 revisite le problème que soulèvent certains prédicats d'état dans les constructions à prédicat second descriptif ('Pierre a donné des bonbons saoul/??généreux') et propose une nouvelle solution. On montre ensuite que cette solution peut être adaptée pour résoudre un problème moins étudié, à savoir celui que posent certains prédicats d'état dans les subordonnées temporelles en 'quand '(cf. 'Il était généreux, quand il a distribué les bonbons' versus '??Il a distribué des bonbons quand il était généreux'). Enfin, on fait le point sur la difficulté qu'éprouvent les prédicats évaluatifs à entrer dans les constructions présuppositionnelles, parmi lesquelles les subordonnées temporelles, mais les GN définis ('La femme rousse/??généreuse commanda une bière'). Le chapitre 5 est consacré aux relations rhétoriques qui s'établissent entre la description d'un état et la description d'un événement, aux combinaisons possibles entre ces relations rhétoriques, et à la manière dont tel ou tel prédicat d'état, vu ses propriétés sémantiques, contribue à établir telle ou telle relation rhétorique avec la description d'événement. Le chapitre 6 revient sur le problème que soulève l'indéfini des en lecture non générique avec certains prédicats d'état, notamment les prédicats évaluatifs ('Des livres étaient sales' versus '??Des livres étaient merveilleux'). En se fondant sur les outils de la 'Decision Theoretic Semantic's (Merin 1999), l'auteur fait l'hypothèse qu'un prédicat P n'accepte des que si la quantité des éléments satisfaisant P dans le contexte est non pertinente pour les fins du discours, et s'il est clair, par ailleurs, que les qualités implicites que peuvent instancier les dits éléments ne contribuent en aucune façon à expliquer qu'ils satisfont P. On montre que ces deux conditions sont respectées (resp. violées) avec les prédicats d'état compatibles (resp. incompatibles) avec des dans sa lecture non générique. Le chapitre 7 est consacré à la sémantique qu'il faut assigner aux prédicats d'état évaluatifs. On expose tout d'abord les arguments en faveur d'une sémantique "réaliste", qui analyse les prédicats évaluatifs comme des prédicats unaires dénotant de vraies propriétés. On distingue ensuite, dans le contenu informationnel des énoncés évaluatifs, un composant assertif et deux implicatures associées. On termine par l'analyse des prédicats évaluatifs superlatifs ('merveilleux'); est argumentée l'idée que ces prédicats ont un composant expressif, en ce sens que le locuteur, en les utilisant, implicite qu'une entité satisfaisant le prédicat a déclenché en lui une émotion, vécue ou rejouée lors de l'énonciation. On montre en quoi ce composant expressif contribue à expliquer pourquoi de tels prédicats sont difficilement utilisables à l'impératif ou dans certains types de questions. Le chapitre 8 répertorie trois classes parmi les verbes, dits "résultatifs", qui présupposent l'occurrence d'un événement e causant ou générant l'événement asserté e'. On présente d'abord le problème que pose la définition de cette présupposition, puis une nouvelle solution est exposée. On montre alors que la présupposition des verbes résultatifs -- achèvements droits et accomplissements strictement forts --- est de nature scalaire et peut s'expliquer par la Loi d'exhaustivité de Ducrot. Le chapitre 9 est consacré aux verbes psychologiques à Expérienceur objet (VPEO). Après avoir classé ces verbes en fonction de leur structure événementielle, on fait le point sur les différentes lectures qu'ils peuvent accepter. On montre ensuite qu'à la différence des VPEO acceptables dans les constructions agentives, les VPEO qui y sont peu acceptables exhibent deux propriétés cruciales. D'abord, ils présupposent toujours, à l'instar des verbes étudiés dans le chapitre 8, l'occurrence de l'événement impliquant le sujet; ensuite, certains d'entre eux sont "interprétatifs", en ce sens que l'assertion du changement d'état psychologique ne s'avère pertinente pour les fins du discours que si l'interprétant connaît, par ailleurs, l'événement qui cause ce changement. Cela permet d'expliquer pourquoi les verbes en question ne peuvent faire avancer la narration comme le ferait un prédicat d'action normal, et pourquoi ils sont peu compatibles avec les adverbes de manière orientés sur l'agent, les pseudo-clivées ou les compléments de lieu. On termine par l'analyse aspectuelle de la classe des VPEO, en montrant qu'on y trouve des membres des cinq classes aspectuelles distinguées dans le chapitre précédent.
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Nascimento, Anderson Ulisses dos Santos. "Descrição da oração sem sujeito em língua portuguesa: função, caracterização e uso". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3800.
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Oração sem sujeito é toda e qualquer oração destituída de SN sujeito, exceto nos casos em que tal SN encontra-se em elipse. Sua manifestação na língua pode se dar tanto em termos pessoais quanto impessoais. Estas incluem ocorrências essenciais, aqui chamadas de fenomenológicas e acidentais, denominadas impessoalizadas. Já aquelas se apresentam nos casos de indeterminação de agente por omissão do SN sujeito, tradicionalmente alcunhados casos de sujeito indeterminado e por meio do processo de ergativização em sua versão secundária, aquele que atua sobre verbos não causativos e tem sido porta de entrada à concretização de orações destituídas de SN sujeito no português brasileiro. Objetivamos neste trabalho a descrição de todas as estruturas apontadas, em termos de seus comportamentos morfossintáticos na língua, pois compreendemos que descrever a oração sem sujeito portuguesa é identificar contextos morfossintáticos de dispensa, em distintos graus, do SN sujeito. Para tanto, valemo-nos de um enfoque prototípico da língua, através do qual dialogamos com a natureza escalar de nosso objeto de estudoSubject-absent sentences are all and every sentence devoid of subject Nominal Phrase (NP), except in cases when NP is in ellipse. They occur in the language on personal or impersonal terms. On impersonal terms, they include essential occurrences, here called phenomenological occurrences and accidental occurrences, here called a-personalized occurrences. While on personal terms, they appear in cases of indetermination of the agent by ommission of subject NP, also known as indeterminate subject cases, and through the ergativization process in their secondary version. This kind of ergativization process acts on non-causative verbs, and has been the basis for the construction of most sentences devoid of subject NP in Brazilian Portuguese. In this thesis, we describe all structures indicated above, in terms of their morphosyntactic behavior in the language, as we argue that to describe subject-absence sentence means to identify morphosyntactic contexts for exemption of the subject NP, in different degrees. For this goal, we make use of a prototypical approach to the language, through which we engage with the gradual nature of our object of study
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Gil, Vallejo Lara. "Exploiting verb similarity for event modelling". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668907.
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Aquest treball s'emmarca en l'àmbit del processament del llenguatge natural. Té l'objectiu d'explorar el potencial de la similitud verbal i, més concretament, de les classificacions verbals, a l'hora de capturar i modelitzar la informació bàsica relacionada amb l'expressió d'esdeveniments en espanyol. La tesi s'articula entorn de dos estudis que examinen la capacitat que té la similitud verbal de modelitzar la informació relativa als participants en esdeveniments. En primer lloc, elaborem una anàlisi de la similitud verbal amb relació a l'estructura argumental. Amb aquesta finalitat, partim de tres perspectives que tracten aquest tema: la lingüística teòrica, la lingüística de corpus i la psicolingüística, i analitzem com cadascuna defineix la similitud entre els verbs. Aquesta anàlisi ens serveix per a definir un conjunt de característiques lingüístiques i configuracions que s'apliquen en el segon estudi. Aquest estudi consisteix en la creació d'una classificació automàtica de sentits verbals amb l'ús d'un algorisme de clusterització (clustering). L'objectiu d'aquesta classificació és capturar l'estructura argumental dels verbs i reflectir-la en les classes, de tal manera que permeti modelitzar els participants en els esdeveniments expressats pels verbs. Les troballes ens permeten afirmar que la classificació verbal organitza la informació de manera que és capaç d'acomodar diferents aspectes de l'estructura argumental.Este trabajo se enmarca dentro del ámbito del procesamiento del lenguaje natural. Su objetivo es explorar el potencial de la similitud verbal y, más concretamente, de las clasificaciones verbales, a la hora de capturar y modelizar la información básica relacionada con la expresión de acontecimientos en español. La tesis se articula en torno a dos estudios que examinan la capacidad de la similitud verbal para modelizar la información relativa a los participantes en acontecimientos. En primer lugar, elaboramos un análisis de la similitud verbal con relación a la estructura argumental. Para ello tomamos tres perspectivas que tratan este tema: la lingüística teórica, lingüística de corpus y la psicolingüística, y analizamos de qué modo cada una de ellas define la similitud entre los verbos. Este análisis nos sirve para definir un conjunto de características lingüísticas y configuraciones que se aplican en el segundo estudio. Este estudio consiste en la creación de una clasificación automática de sentidos verbales usando un algoritmo de agrupamiento (clustering). El objetivo de esta clasificación es capturar la estructura argumental de los verbos y reflejarla en las clases, de tal manera que permita modelizar a los participantes en los acontecimientos expresados por los verbos. Los hallazgos nos permiten afirmar que la clasificación verbal organiza la información de manera que es capaz de acomodar diferentes aspectos de la estructura argumental.
This paper aims to explore the potential of verb similarity, and more specifically of verb classifications, when it comes to capturing and modelling basic information related to events expressed in Spanish. The research is based on two studies that examine verb similarity's ability to model event participant information. We first perform a study of verb similarity with respect to argument structure, looking at its relevant characteristics through the lens of three different perspectives: linguistic theory, corpus linguistics and psycholinguistics. Based on this analysis, we choose the features and configurations to be explored in order to create an automatic classification of verb senses using a clustering algorithm. The aim of this automatic classification is to capture the argument structure of the verbs and apply it to the classifications in a way that allows us to adequately model the participants in the events expressed by those verbs. The evaluations carried out for this verb classification confirm automatic classifications' ability to capture and infer relevant information related to participants in events.
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Matsuoka, Mikinari. "Linking arguments to phrase structure : a study of passives, psych verbs, and ditransitive verbs in Japanese". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38231.
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This thesis investigates the question of how the arguments of a given verb are linked to positions in a phrase structure. Through a study of passives, psych verbs, and ditransitive verbs in Japanese, it provides empirical support for the hypothesis that arguments having particular thematic roles are associated with particular syntactic positions systematically.Chapter 2 deals with passives, in particular, two types of passive constructions, direct and indirect passives. Following some previous works, it is argued that the subject of a direct passive is generated in the same position as an object of the corresponding active verb, having the same thematic role, whereas the subject of an indirect passive is projected as an argument of a separate predicate. Several pieces of evidence for this hypothesis which are not given in the literature are provided here.
Chapter 3 is concerned with psych verbs, focusing on those that participate in a causative alternation. It is proposed that causative counterparts of these verbs can have two different structures that are parallel to the two types of passives discussed in Chapter 2. The subject of one type is generated in the same position as the object of the noncausative counterpart, having the same thematic role, whereas the subject of the other type is projected as an argument of a separate predicate.
Chapter 4 takes up ditransitive verbs, specifically, those that have inchoative counterparts, which do not project the subject of the ditransitive construction. There are two types of such verbs: one promotes the accusative argument of the ditransitive construction, rather than the dative one, to the subject of the inchoative counterpart, while the other chooses the dative argument over the accusative one for the subject of the inchoative counterpart. It is argued that this reflects the difference in the base-generated position of the dative argument between the two types of verbs. Moreover, the dative arguments of the two are distinguished in terms of thematic role.
This research is meant to contribute toward having a further understanding of how the participants of an event are expressed in grammatical forms.
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Antonopoulou, Eleni. "Prototype theory and the meaning of verbs, with special reference to modern Greek verbs of motion". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1987. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29355/.
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The present study tests the applicability of Prototype theory, selected among competing theoretical frameworks, to a lexical semantic analysis of verbs, with particular reference to the previously uncharted domain of Modern Greek verbs of motion. A number of the characteristics which Prototype theory established in connection with certain types of nouns are demonstrated to pertain to verbs: their meaning is not a matter of necessary and sufficient conditions, but rather a matter of gradation; their attributes combine in non-arbitrary ways to form categories with fuzzy boundaries the members of which are non-equivalent. Two categorizations of motion verbs according to 'major classificatory properties' are discussed at length. First, 'states', 'processes' and 'events' are shown to constitute a continuum, the focal points of which are identifiable on the basis of the interaction of factors such as spatio-temporal specifications, aspect, inherent semantic properties of individual verbs and the nature of the 'theme' (moving object). Second, 'causativity' and 'agentivity' are understood as distinct, to some extent, clusters of scalar properties and different Modern Greek motion verbs are shown to exhibit these properties to a greater or lesser degree. In seeking to determine which factors may be responsible for the formation of verb categories, it is recalled that the validity of the principle of 'family resemblance' and the method for identifying the 'basic' level of abstraction cannot be tested in the case of verbs. It is suggested that other factors may be operative, such as the relative 'salience' of certain combinations of properties, 'linguistic markedness', familiarity and frequency. This tentative conclusion is reinforced with respect to Modern Greek verbs of motion by the results of specific tests.
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Gomes, Elias Mendes. "Mil e um verbos árabes: uma proposta lexicográfica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8154/tde-29032012-102410/.
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Embora a língua árabe com a poesia altamente desenvolvida na época da Jahiliyya (período que antecede ao Islã) tivesse seu indiscutível lugar na Península Arábica, foi somente com o advento e expansão do Islamismo que ela ganhou a projeção que a levou para além de suas fronteiras linguísticas históricas. Através dos séculos, a religião continuou a desempenhar um papel primordial na expansão da língua árabe, visto ser esta a língua litúrgica do islamismo, entretanto, ultimamente, outros fatores têm contribuído para um interesse maior pelo idioma, pouco, porém, tem sido feito para facilitar a sua aprendizagem, especialmente entre os lusófonos. Esta pesquisa, preocupada com a falta de apoio didático para a aprendizagem e o aprofundamento no conhecimento linguístico que, via de regra, se adquire com a decodificação de textos no idioma almejado, propõe a elaboração de um dicionário monodirecional de verbos árabe-português. O dicionário proposto nessa dissertação singulariza os mil e um verbos mais frequentes nos corpora jornalístico e literário e será compilado tendo por base princípios descritivos científicos da lexicografia moderna, não estando limitado a uma teoria particular, entretanto, privilegiando a lexicografia pedagógica de Welker (2004 e 2008). Em seu trabalho, Welker (2008) discute a lexicografia pedagógica (LP), apresentando técnicas que, se seguidas, auxiliarão os consulentes em sua tarefa de compreensão e decodificação de textos em língua estrangeira. Esse arcabouço teórico é interpretado sob a ótica da Escola de Filologia de Kufa que considerava o verbo como o originador do universo léxical árabe. Essa posição é sustentada por vários arabistas modernos que reconhecem que, embora nem todas as palavras possam ser rastreadas a uma raiz verbal, a maioria de seus lexemas deriva-se de um verbo simples. O levantamento do corpus verbal será primordialmente baseado nos trabalhos de Moshe Brill (1940) e Jacob Landau (1959) que, seguindo os parâmetros da linguística de corpus, compilaram as palavras mais frequentes na mídia e literatura árabes. Devido ao escopo do árabe padrão moderno como a lingua franca entre todos os países árabes, e por ser esta a vertente mais usada no ensino de árabe para estrangeiros, escolheu-se essa variante para este trabalho.Even though the Arabic language with the poetry highly developed during the Age of Jahiliyya (period that precedes the coming of Islam) had its indisputable place in the Arabian Peninsula, it was only with the advent and expansion of Islam that it gained the projection to beyond its historical borders. Through the centuries, religion continued to play a primordial role in the expansion of the Arabic language, as this is the liturgical language of Islam, but, recently, other factors have contributed to a greater interest in the language, few things, however, have been done to facilitate its learning, especially among the Brazilians. This research, concerned with lack of didactic support for the learning and deepening of linguistic knowledge that, as a general rule, is acquired with the decoding of texts in the desired language, proposes the elaboration of a mono-directional dictionary of Arabic-Portuguese verbs. The dictionary proposed in this thesis singles out the most frequent one thousand and one verbs in the journalistic and literary corpora and will be compiled according to the scientific descriptive principles of modern lexicography, not limited to particular theory, but the pedagogical lexicography of Welker (2004; 2008) will be favoured. Welker (2008) discusses the pedagogical lexicography (PL), presenting techniques that, if followed, will help the dictionary user in the task of comprehending and decoding texts in foreign language. This theoretical background is interpreted through the view of the Philological School of Kufa that considered the verb as the originator of the Arabic lexical universe. This position is undertaken by several modern Arabists who acknowledge that, although not all words can be traced back to a verbal root, the majority of the languages lexemes come from a simple verb. The verbal corpus will be based on the works of Moshe Brill (1940) and Jacob Landau (1959) who, following the parameters of the corpus linguistics, compiled a list of the most frequent words in the Arabic media and literature. Due to the scope of the Modern Standard Arabic as the lingua franca in all Arab countries, and because this is the most used variety in the teaching of Arabic to foreigners, it was chosen as the variant for this research.
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Yiu, Carine Yuk Man. "Spatial extension : directional verbs in Cantonese /". View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?HUMA%202005%20YIU.
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