Livros: "Water replacement"

1

Clark, Robert Maurice. Water main evaluation for rehabilitation/replacement. Cincinnati, OH: United States Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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2

Talton, Edward H. Phase 1, replacement of potable quality water for landscape irrigation: Final report. [Palatka, Fla.]: St. Johns River Water Management District, 1996.

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3

United States. Department of the Interior. Upalco Unit Replacement Project: Draft environmental impact statement. Orem, Utah: Central Utah Water Conservancy District, 1996.

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4

Kawaguchi, Yuki. Calaveras Dam replacement project: Draft environmental impact report. San Francisco, CA: Planning Dept., 2009.

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5

Agency, International Atomic Energy. Heavy component replacement in nuclear power plants: Experience and guidelines. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2008.

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6

(Utah), Central Utah Water Conservancy District. Final environmental impact statement on the Wasatch County Water Efficiency Project and Daniel Replacement Project. Orem, Utah: The District, 1996.

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7

San Francisco (Calif.). Office of the Controller. City Services Auditor Division. Public Utilities Commission: Contract compliance analysis of La Grande Tank replacement project. San Francisco: Office of the Controller, 2008.

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8

Interior, United States Dept of the. Draft environmental impact statements: Wasatch County Water Efficiency Project and Daniel Replacement Project; Provo River Restoration Project. Orem, Utah: The District, 1996.

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9

Solutions, Scottish Water. Scottish Water Solutions: Nairn to Clunas replacement water main : archaeological desk-based assessment ans walk over survey vol 2 revised route : 10th March 2005. Edinburgh: the author, 2005.

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10

Thomas, Carole L. Rainfall, evapotranspiration, total soil-water potential, and soil-water content at a sagebrush site and a replacement-vegetation site near Fort Defiance, Arizona, 1989-91. Albuquerque, N.M: U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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11

Everson, Brad. Overview: Funding on-site septic disposal system repairs and replacement, using the Washington State water pollution control revolving fund. Olympia, WA: Dept. of Ecology, 1998.

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12

Everson, Brad. Overview: Funding on-site septic disposal system repairs and replacement, using the Washington State water pollution control revolving fund. Olympia, WA: Dept. of Ecology, 1998.

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13

Montana. Dept. of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks. [Environmental asessment for the Lewis and Clark Caverns State Park Campground Caretaker/Camp Host Pad Replacement Project]. Bozeman, MT: The Dept., 1995.

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14

Office, General Accounting. Coast Guard: Replacement of HH-65 helicopter engine : report to the Chairman, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2004.

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15

Awwa Research Foundation (Corporate Author), Arun K. Deb (Editor), Frank M. Grablutz (Editor), Yikir J. Hasit (Editor), Jerry K. Snyder (Editor), G. V. Loganathan (Editor) e Newland Agbenowsi (Editor), eds. Prioritizing Water Main Replacement and Rehabilitation. Amer Water Works Assn, 2002.

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16

Water Main Evaluation for Rehabilitation/Replacement. American Water Works Association, 1986.

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17

San Francisco (Calif.). Dept. of City Planning., ed. Calaveras pipeline replacement [draft] environmental impact report. San Francisco, Calif: The Dept., 1990.

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18

United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Mid-Pacific Regional Office. e United States. National Park Service., eds. Hetch Hetchy: A survey of water & power replacement concepts. Sacramento, Calif: Bureau of Reclamation, Mid-Pacific Region, 1988.

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19

Financial and Economic Optimization of Water Main Replacement Programs. American Water Works Association, 2001.

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20

American Water Works Association (Corporate Author) e Gregory J. Kirmeyer (Editor), eds. Lead Pipe Rehabilitation and Replacement Techniques. Amer Water Works Assn, 2000.

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21

Bishop, Mark M. Criteria for the Renovation of Replacement of Water Treatment Plants. American Water Works Association, 1991.

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22

M, Bishop Mark, e AWWA Research Foundation, eds. Criteria for the renovation or replacement of water treatment plants. Denver, CO: AWWA Research Foundation, 1991.

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23

A, Ives Gay, e Mesa Verde National Park (Colo.). Division of Research and Resource Management., eds. Mesa Verde Waterline Replacement Project phase III: Archeological and historical studies. Mesa Verde National Park, Colo: Division of Research and Resource Management, 1997.

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24

A, Ives Gay, e Mesa Verde National Park (Colo.). Division of Research and Resource Management., eds. Mesa Verde Waterline Replacement Project phase III: Archeological and historical studies. Mesa Verde National Park, Colo: Division of Research and Resource Management, 1999.

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25

A, Ives Gay, e Mesa Verde National Park (Colo.). Division of Research and Resource Management, eds. Mesa Verde Waterline Replacement Project phase III: Archeological and historical studies. Mesa Verde National Park, Colo: Division of Research and Resource Management, 1997.

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26

Development of disinfection guidelines for the installation and replacement of water mains. Denver, CO: AWWA Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, 1998.

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27

Post, Buckley, Schuh & Jernigan. e St. Johns River Water Management District (Fla.), eds. Water supply needs and sources assessment: Alternative water supply strategies investigation, replacement of potable quality water for landscape irrigation. Palatka, Fla: St. Johns River Water Management District, 1998.

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28

Lead service line replacement: A benefit-to-cost analysis. Denver, CO: The Assocation, 1990.

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29

The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Water Filtration Pitchers and Replacement Cartridges. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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30

Project, National Environmental Studies, e Nuclear Energy Services, eds. Constraints on boiling water reactor piping system inspection, mitigation, repair, and replacement. Bethesda, MD (7101 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda 20814-4891): AIF, 1986.

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31

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Water Filtration Pitchers and Replacement Cartridges. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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32

Marshall, Mark R. Intermittent acute renal replacement therapy. Editado por Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0233_update_001.

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This chapter summarizes current best practice with respect to intermittent haemodialysis and sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) for those with acute kidney injury. These modalities can be delivered using a variety of technology platforms. These platforms for the most part use online dialysate, and water quality needs to be monitored and maintained to current standards. Intermittent haemodialysis and SLED provide reasonable outcomes in experienced hands, and ameliorate morbidity and mortality resulting from the ‘acute uraemic syndrome’: that is, intractable infection, non-resolving shock, and haemorrhage.Careful consideration needs to be given to appropriate modality selection for patients. Lower-efficiency modalities such as continuous therapies or SLED are more appropriate for patients at risk from dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, those with abdominal compartment syndrome, and those who are haemodynamically unstable (including cardiogenic shock). Care should be taken to avoid complications related to rapid fluid and solute removal, anticoagulation, and vascular access. Intradialytic hypotension is detrimental for both general and renal recovery of critically ill patients, and can be mitigated by sodium and ultrafiltration profiling, and frequent treatments and prolonged treatment time to minimize ultrafiltration goals and rates.Irrespective of the modality applied, an adequate dialysis dose must be achieved. This is facilitated through the use of optimally placed and technically superior central venous catheters, and well-considered prescription of haemodialysis and SLED operating parameters. Dose should be monitored regularly through urea kinetic modelling, either using Kt/V for thrice-weekly schedules or the corrected equivalent renal urea clearance (EKRc) for more frequent ones.

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33

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Water Filtration Pitchers and Replacement Cartridges in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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34

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Water Filtration Pitchers and Replacement Cartridges in Japan. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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35

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Plumbed-In Water Filters and Replacement Filters. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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36

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Plumbed-In Water Filters and Replacement Filters in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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37

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Plumbed-In Water Filters and Replacement Filters in Japan. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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38

1936-, Weeks Edwin P., e United States. Bureau of Reclamation., eds. Water use by saltcedar and by replacement vegetation in the Pecos River floodplain between Acme and Artesia, New Mexico. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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39

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Plumbed-In Water Filters and Replacement Filters in Greater China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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40

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Plumbed-In Water Filters and Replacement Filters in the United States. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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41

United States. General Accounting Office., ed. Protest Of Army Contract Award For Hot Water Distribution System Replacement B-278359, January 20, 1998. [S.l: s.n., 1998.

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42

Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., e Sarah L. Clark. Drugs to Correct Electrolyte Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0015.

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Critically ill patients develop electrolyte imbalances, and replacement orders are daily practice. Knowing how to manage sodium imbalances in both neurocritical care and neurosurgical practices is imperative. Changes in serum sodium values are very common in acute neurocritical illness, and these derangements are important not only because the patient’s level of consciousness may change but because they may signal a neurologic change. This chapter discusses how to replace common electrolyte replacements and offers more detailed information about the management of disorders of sodium and water homeostasis, including the use of vaptans, which are reserved for patients with difficult-to-manage euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia.

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43

E, Stahlkopf K., Steele L. E. 1928- e International Seminar on "Assuring Structural Integrity of Steel Reactor Pressure Boundary Comnponents" (4th : 1985 : Ispra, Italy), eds. Component repair, replacement, and failure prevention in light water reactors: Reprinted from The International journal of pressure vessels and piping, vol. 25, nos. 1-4. London: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, 1986.

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44

Vishnu, Moorthy A., ed. Pathophysiology of kidney disease and hypertension. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier, 2009.

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45

Ricci, Zaccaria, e Claudio Ronco. Continuous haemofiltration techniques in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0214.

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Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is currently considered the mainstay of treatment for severe acute kidney injury. CRRT helps in restoration of fluid balance, control of hyperazotaemia, acid-base imbalances, and electrolyte abnormalities. Most importantly, due to its gradual, low efficiency, continuous solute and water removal, it ensures haemodynamic stability in critically-ill patients being treated with a high level of inotropic support and those with cardiovascular failure. This chapter will discuss the different solute removal techniques (diffusion and convection) and CRRT modalities (ultrafiltration, haemofiltration and haemodialysis). Insights on CRRT prescription and anticoagulation regimens will also be described on the light of the most recent clinical evidence.

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46

Chakera, Aron, William G. Herrington e Christopher A. O’Callaghan. Polyuria. Editado por Patrick Davey e David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0057.

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Polyuria describes the passage of more than 3 l of urine a day. This is an arbitrary definition, and the term is commonly applied to patients who are complaining of passing larger than normal volumes of urine. As water excretion is tightly regulated by the body to maintain normal osmolality, water excretion varies greatly depending on intake. Polyuria may be physiological or pathological. A patient with polyuria often presents with nocturia, urination overnight that disturbs sleep. It is usually accompanied by polydipsia (to maintain normal fluid balance). In hospital the commonest causes of polyuria are diuretic therapy and recovery from an acute renal injury (e.g. acute tubular necrosis or obstruction). This polyuric phase can result in an impressive diuresis (8–10 l/day) before tubular cells recover their ability to concentrate urine. During this period, patients are vulnerable to dehydration and may require intravenous fluid replacement. Following pituitary surgery, the urine output should be closely monitored for evidence of new diabetes insipidus. This chapter covers the approach to diagnosis, diagnostic tests, therapy, and prognosis.

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47

Nissenson, Allen R., John Moran e Robert Provenzano. Overview of dialysis patient management and future directions. Editado por Jonathan Himmelfarb. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0267_update_001.

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Nearly 2 million patients worldwide have end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and require dialysis or kidney transplantation. The advent of clinical dialysis in the 1950s has had a huge impact on the way ESRD and acute kidney injury are managed, but several decades later, the morbidity and mortality in patients with ESRD remain unacceptably high and patients often have a poor quality of life. Many believe that we have focused attention on a few key treatment-related outcomes, and have done well with these (i.e. anaemia, adequacy of dialysis, metabolic bone disease), but achieving great results in only these domains has clearly not been sufficient to drive improvements in survival or patient-reported outcomes. Recent experience with integrated care management, focusing on comorbidity management, offers promise. In addition, a number of investigators have been challenging the current thrice-weekly, diffusion-based treatment paradigm and have been developing approaches to emulate the function of natural kidneys. Thus an ideal care delivery model would focus on the holistic needs of the patient with kidney disease, while the ideal form of renal replacement therapy would mimic native kidneys, operating continuously, removing solutes with a molecular-weight spectrum similar to that of native kidneys, removing water and solutes on the basis of individual patient needs, and would be biocompatible, wearable, and ideally implantable. It would also be low cost, reliable, and safe. A few years ago, these technical requirements would have seemed impossible to achieve, but with advances in the sciences of nanotechnology and microfluidics, renal replacement of the future may come closer to this ideal.

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48

Debaveye, Yves, e Greet Van den Berghe. Pathophysiology and management of pituitary disorders in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0262.

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The pituitary gland plays a predominant role in the endocrine system. Consequently, patients with pituitary diseases or after pituitary surgery present unique challenges to the intensivist. Failure of the anterior pituitary gland to secrete one or more pituitary hormones results in a clinical syndrome known as hypopituitarism. While hypopituitarism is mostly encountered in patients in whom the diagnosis has already been made, acute exacerbation of an undiagnosed insufficiency may occasionally occur. Acute decompensated patients with suspected hypopituitarism should be admitted to an intensive care unit for haemodynamic stabilization, replacement of missing hormones, and identification and treatment of the causative stressor. Prompt administration of hydrocortisone is the single most important acute medical intervention in hypopituitaric patients. Failure of the posterior pituitary to secrete antidiuretic hormone results in diabetes insipidus (DI). DI is characterized by excess volumes of severely diluted urine, which can lead to hyperosmolality and hypernatraemia as many critically-ill patients do not have free access to oral fluids due to obtundation or sedation. Management of DI includes the correction of free water deficit and the reduction of polyuria with desmopressin. The post-operative care following pituitary surgery focuses on vigilant observation for neurosurgical complications (visual loss, meningitis, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage) and monitoring of neuroendocrinological perturbations (hypopituitarism and disorders of water balance, such as DI and SIADH). SIADH presents with hyponatremia, hypo-osmolality, and inappropriately concentrated urine in a setting of euvolaemia and can be managed in most cases by fluid restriction. Potential disruption of the pituitary-adrenal function is covered with peri-operative glucocorticoids.

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49

Puntis, John. Carbohydrate intolerance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0020.

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Symptoms such as watery diarrhoea, wind, and abdominal cramps should raise the possibility of carbohydrate intolerance. Lactose maldigestion is the most common cause and can be transient, after gastroenteritis, or in some populations is genetically determined with increasing age. Congenital sucrase–isomaltase deficiency (CSID) is underdiagnosed but amenable to treatment with dietary modification and oral enzyme replacement. Glucose–galactose malabsorption presents with watery diarrhoea from the time of first feeds. Investigations include sugar chromatography (when available), breath hydrogen testing, mucosal enzyme assay, and gene testing for CSID.

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50

Yilmaz, Ali, e Anca Florian. Myocarditis: imaging techniques. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0367.

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The clinical presentation of myocarditis is multifaceted and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes as well as biomarkers tend to be non-specific. Therefore, the diagnosis of myocarditis can be challenging and should be based on an integrated approach including patient history, physical examination, non-invasive tests such as ECG and serum biomarkers, and non-invasive cardiac imaging. As myocarditis may lead to global ventricular dysfunction, regional wall motion abnormalities, and/or diastolic dysfunction, echocardiography should be routinely performed. However, hallmarks of acute myocarditis comprise structural changes such as cardiomyocyte swelling, an increase in extracellular space and water content, accumulation of inflammatory cells, potential necrosis or apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and myocardial remodelling with fibrotic tissue replacement that can be depicted by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Nuclear techniques are still not routinely recommended for the work-up of myocarditis—with the possible exception of suspected sarcoidosis—due to limited data, limited diagnostic specificity, limited availability, and risk from radiation exposure. This chapter focuses on those non-invasive cardiac imaging techniques that are used in daily clinical practice for work-up of suspected myocarditis. However, as research continues and novel imaging techniques become available, it is hoped that even more accurate and timely diagnosis of myocarditis will be possible in the near future.

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Livros sobre o tema "Water replacement"

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