Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Xu shi wen xue"

This article comments on: Yuan C, Li H, Qin C, Zhang X, Chen Q, Zhang P, Xu X, He M, Zhang X, Tör M, Xue Dawei, Wang H, Jackson S, He Y, Liu Y, Shi N, Hong Y. 2020. Foxtail mosaic virus-induced flowering assays in monocot crops. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 3012–3023.

ABSTRACTThis paper assembles three oracle-bone inscriptions divined at the same time from the Wu Yi-Wen Ding period. Two are identical, being a paired divination inquiring into whether the event ri yue you shi was or was not auspicious. The third asks whether, in light of this ri yue you shi, it would be auspicious to sacrifice to Shang Jia.Since 1925, when Wang Xiang , first proposed th at the character yue should be read as xi, his position has been accepted by Liu Chaoyang De Xiaoqian , Chen Mengijia , Zhang Peiyü , Xu Zhentao , the Zhongguo Tianwenxue jianshi bianxiezu , and the Zhongguo Tianwenxueshi zhengli yenjiu xiaozu Yue was first interpreted as yue in 1933 by Shang Chengzuo . Those subscribing to this reading include Dong Zuobin , Chen Zungui , Yü Xingwu Liu Chaoyang, Chen Mengiia, Joseph Needham, Zhao Quemin and Chen Banghuai .Among these scholars Liu Chaoyang holds that “there is no distinction between xi and yue,” while Chen Mengjia believes that the phrase “ri yue you shi” can also be read “ri xi you shi,” hence they accept both interpretations.

A new genus, Afrosystolederus, and a new species, Afrosystolederus garmsi, are described from Mount Gibi in Liberia. This African genus is most similar to Pseudosystolederus Günther, 1939 from Africa and Madagascar and to some members of Systolederus Bolivar, 1887 from Asia. The taxonomic difficulties of genera and species with a narrow fastigium are discussed. Teredorus aztecus nov.comb. is transferred from the genus Paratettix Bolivar, 1887. It is proposed to transfer all Indo-Malayan species from Teredorus Hancock, 1907 to Systolederus Bolivar, 1887, resulting in 26 new combinations and six replacement names: Systolederus albimarginus (Zheng & Zhou, 1996) nov. comb., Systolederus bashanensis (Zheng, 1993) nov. comb., Systolederus bhattacharyi (Shishodia, 1991) nov. comb., Systolederus bidentatus (Zheng, Huo & Zhang, 2000) nov. comb., Systolederus bipulvillus (Zheng, 2006) nov. comb., Systolederus brachynotoides Zheng, Ou & Lin, 2012 nov. comb., Systolederus brachynotus (Zheng & Xu, 2010) nov. comb., Systolederus camurimarginus (Zheng, 1998) nov. comb., Systolederus carmichaeli (Hancock, 1915) nov. comb., Systolederus chiangraensis (Za, Wen, Kang & Hyde, 2016) nov.comb., Systolederus combfemorus (Za, Wen, Kang & Hyde, 2016) nov. comb., Systolederus ebenotus (Zheng & Li, 2001) nov. comb., Systolederus eurylobatus (Zheng, Shi & Mao, 2010) nov. comb., Systolederus flatimarginus (Zheng & Liang, 2000) nov. comb., Systolederus flavistrial (Zheng, 2006) nov. comb., Systolederus frontalis (Hancock, 1915) nov.comb., Systolederus guizhouensis (Zheng, 1993) nov. comb., Systolederus hainanensis (Zheng, 1993) nov. comb., Systolederus longipulvillus (Zheng, 1988) nov. comb., Systolederus nigropennis (Deng, Zheng & Lu, 2013) nov. comb., Systolederus parvipulvillus (Deng, Lei & Zheng, 2014) nov. comb., Systolederus prominemarginis (Zheng & Jiang, 1993) nov. comb., Systolederus taibeiensis (Zheng & Xu, 2010) nov. comb., Systolederus xishuiensis (Zheng, Li & Shi, 2003) nov. comb. , Systolederus wuyishanensis (Zheng, 1993) nov. comb., Systolederus lii Devriese nov. nom., Systolederus lini Devriese nov.nom., Systolederus oui Devriese nov. nom., Systolederus rongduensis Devriese nov. nom., Systolederus yuanlingensis Devriese nov. nom., Systolederus zhengi Devriese nov. nom.

"My Motherland and I" is a film by Chen Kaige as the chief director, Huang Jiaxin as the chief producer, Zhang Yibai, Guan Hu, Xue Xiaolu, Xu Zheng, Ning Hao, Wen Muye co-directed, Huang Bo, Zhang Yi, Wu Jing, Du Jiang, Ge You, Liu Haoran, Chen Feiyu, Song Jia and other people co-starring in a drama film. The film depicts the experiences of seven ordinary people who are closely connected with major national events, and through the perspectives of small characters, shows the deep connection between ordinary people and the country in the 70 years since the founding of New China. Since the film itself was made to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China, it is of great research value. This paper aims to study two questions: one is to study the professional narrative strategies used in the film; The second is to sum up the educational significance and moral value of the film. Therefore, this thesis starts from the narrative strategy and moral value of the film, analyzes the content of the film "My Country and I", and explores the far-reaching value expressed by the whole film.

Background: Syndrome ( ZHENG in Chinese) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) refers to the intrinsic characteristics of a pathological process at a certain stage; these characteristics are influenced by internal and external environments and reveal the nature of a disease. Proper syndrome differentiation is the basic principle that guides clinical treatment. Objective: To have a good understanding of tumor progression and the different mechanisms related to ZHENG that have occurred before and after tumor development and to explore the valid evaluation criteria of different pancreatic cancer syndromes to improve the guiding role of TCM syndrome differentiation in pancreatic cancer treatment. Methods: In this study, we established mouse subcutaneous pancreatic cancer models, namely, Con (control), Pi-Xu (Spleen-Deficiency), Shi-Re (Dampness-Heat), and Xue-Yu (Blood-Stasis). Then, for the first time, we compared the different effects of “ ZHENG-first” (referring to a different disease status that occurred before tumor occurrence) and “Tumor-first” (referring to the change in the tumor microenvironment and the resulting changes in the state of the body) conditions on tumor progression and evaluated the associated molecular mechanisms. Results: We found that tumor growth in the “ ZHENG-first” and “Tumor-first” conditions was different. In the “Tumor-first” model, the tumor growth in the Pi-Xu group was faster than that in the other groups. However, in the “ ZHENG-first” model, the tumor growth trend was most obvious in the Shi-Re group. There was a difference in tumor-associated macrophage infiltration between the 2 models. The expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and P-STAT3 were also differentially altered. Conclusion: The emergence of ZHENG conditions before or after tumor occurrence had different impacts on pancreatic cancer development, and these impacts may be related to differences in tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and the involved inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and P-STAT3. The study results uncovered the molecular basis of syndrome differentiation in pancreatic cancer progression, which might provide more specific guidance for TCM treatment of pancreatic cancer.

The development of new redox stable electrode materials for Solid Oxide Cells (SOFs) have attracted great attention in recent years, since finding suitable compositions to operate efficiently in both fuel cell and electrolyzer modes is crucial for their wide commercialization [1]. For this reason, research on new doping strategies [2] and advanced deposition techniques [3] for symmetrical electrode materials have significantly increased with the aim of simplifying cell fabrication and extending cell durability. In this sense, double perovskites are gaining great interest due to their excellent electrical properties and high redox and long-term stability in different atmospheres [4]. In this study, the double-perovskite (PrBa)0.95Fe2O5+δ (PBF) is proposed as symmetrical electrode for SOCs [5]. Two different strategies are implemented: on the one hand, Ni-doping in order to improve the electrical properties under reducing atmosphere and, on the other hand, the preparation of nanostructured electrodes in one-step by spray-pyrolysis deposition. A thorough characterization of the material is performed regarding its crystal structure, microstructure and electrochemical properties in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. With that purpose, PBF and (PrBa)0.95Fe2-xNixO5+ δ (PBFNx) powders are prepared by the freeze-drying precursor method. XRD patterns show the formation of a single perovskite-type phase in both air and H2 atmospheres, without the presence of any secondary phases. As for conductivity tests, they reveal increased values for the Ni-doped material over the pristine PBF material in air and 5% H2 at 600 ºC. These materials were thereafter screen-printed onto La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85 (LSGM) electrolyte and calcined at 1100 ºC for 1h to ensure adequate adhesion to the electrolyte. Alternatively, spray-pyrolysis deposition method is employed to infiltrate PBFNx, with a 0.02 M precursor solution of the corresponding nitrate salts, into a porous Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO) layer previously fixed onto LSGM electrolyte (PBFNx-CGO). SEM images reveal that the screen-printed PBFNx has a thickness of 30 µm and a particle size of around 1 µm, while the same composition deposited by spray-pyrolysis shows a nanometric particle size and it is well-infiltrated in the 10 µm-thick CGO layer (Figure 1a). These electrode microstructures are maintained after ongoing a reduction process, where exsolved Ni particles are observed on the surface. The impedance spectra show lower polarization resistance (Rp) values for PBFNx with respect to PBF, i.e. 0.47 and 0.62 Ω cm2 at 650 ºC in air, respectively. But most significantly, further Rp reduction is observed for PBFNx-CGO prepared by spray-pyrolysis, values as low as 0.17 Ω cm2 at 650 ºC in air (Figure 1b). In reducing atmosphere, the PBFNx-CGO electrode also has lower Rp values (0.23 Ω cm2 at 650 ºC) when compared to the pristine PBF (0.52 Ω cm2 at 650 ºC). All in all, the nanostructured Ni-doped PBF electrodes exhibit high redox stability and low polarization resistance values under both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres, demonstrating their potential application as symmetrical electrodes for SOCs. These findings show that the optimization of the electrode composition but mostly its microstructure is key when developing new electrode materials for solid oxide cells. This research is supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades through the RTI2018-093735-B-I00 and UMA18-FEDERJA-033 projects (Spain), and the University of Malaga through the B1-2021_03 project. [1] J. Zamudio-García, L. Caizán-Juanarena, J.M. Porras-Vázquez, E.R. Losilla, D. Marrero-López, A review on recent advances and trends in symmetrical electrodes for solid oxide cells, J. Power Sources. 520 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230852. [2] T. Su, Y. Li, Y. Yang, Z. Xu, N. Shi, Y. Wan, Y. Xie, D. Huan, S. Xue, C. Xia, Effect of tungsten doping on strontium ferrite electrode for symmetrical solid oxide electrochemical cell, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 45 (2020) 23401–23410. [3] Y. Kwon, S. Kang, J. Bae, Development of a PrBaMn2O5+δ-La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.85Mg0.15O3-δ composite electrode by scaffold infiltration for reversible solid oxide fuel cell applications, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 45 (2019) 1748–1758. [4] B. Zhang, Y. Wan, Z. Hua, K. Tang, C. Xia, Tungsten-Doped PrBaFe2O5+δ Double Perovskite as a High-Performance Electrode Material for Symmetrical Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 4 (2021) 8401–8409. [5] D. Kim, S.J. Son, M. Kim, H.J. Park, J.H. Joo, PrBaFe2O5+δ promising electrode for redox-stable symmetrical proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 41 (2021) 5939–5946. Figure 1. a) PBFNx-CGO electrode deposited by spray-pyrolysis onto LSGM electrolyte: (i) Low magnification image of the electrode and electrolyte; (ii) Zoomed image of the pure PBFN top layer and the PBFNx layer infiltrated in CGO; and (iii) Zoomed image of PBFNx particles infiltrated on CGO scaffold. b) Polarization resistance (Rp) in air of PBF, PBFNx and PBFNx-CGO electrodes as a function of temperature (450-800 ºC). Figure 1

Abstract Background: Eribulin is a halichondrin non-taxane inhibitor of microtubule dynamics approved in China for advanced breast cancer patients who have received at least two prior chemotherapy treatments. The combination of eribulin and gemcitabine has demonstrated a similar progression-free survival (PFS) benefit as paclitaxel plus gemcitabine, with less neurotoxicity, for patients with MBC who have not received prior cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, the effect of eribulin plus gemcitabine on PFS in second line or beyond remains unclear. Methods: This open-label, single-arm, phase II study (NCT05263882) was conducted at 13 institutions in China. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed HER2-negative MBC and had received at least one prior taxane-containing chemotherapy regimen for advanced disease, and anthracycline-containing regimens in the adjuvant setting. Patients received intravenous infusions of eribulin (1.4 mg/m2) and gemcitabine (1.0 g/m2) on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. Efficacy outcomes, including PFS, objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR), were assessed using RECIST v1.1. Adverse events (AEs) were graded according to NCI-CTC version 5.0. Results: A total of 65 patients were enrolled from November 2021 to May 2023; 47 (72.3%) had HR+/HER2- and 18 (27.7%) had triple-negative MBC. The median patient age was 50 years (range: 31-68), and the sites of metastasis were the bone (70.8%), liver (58.5%), lymph nodes (50.8%), lung (43.1%) and brain (10.8%). Patients had received a median of 3 prior lines of systemic treatment, 2 lines of chemotherapy, and 1 line of endocrine treatment. Among all patients, the ORR was 52.3%, the DCR was 92.3% and the median PFS was 7.6 months (Table). For the HR-positive subgroup, the median PFS was 8.4 months, while for the triple-negative subgroup, it was 7.6 months. Among patients who had received prior CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment, the median PFS was 7.2 months. In the subgroup of patients who had not received CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment, the median PFS had not been reached. The most common grade 3-4 AEs were hematological, including neutropenia (41.6%), leukopenia (33.9%), anemia (23.1%), and thrombocytopenia (15.4%). No grade ≥3 perceived AEs were reported. Conclusion: Eribulin plus gemcitabine was effective in heavily pretreated patients with HER2- MBC, while maintaining a predictable and manageable safety profile. Table. Summary of efficacy outcomes Citation Format: PeiJian Peng, Xiao-Lu Xu, Jin-Cai Zhong, Jin-Hui Ye, Zhi-Hui Wang, Hong Wang, Hong Lin, Cai-Wen Du, Guorong Zou, Jie Ouyang, Ying-Ying Shi, Fei Xu, Geng-Sheng Yu, Yong-Kui Lu, Yong-Xia Wang, Shi-En Cui, Lu-Zhen Li. Efficacy and safety of eribulin plus gemcitabine in second-line or beyond for patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC): A multi-center, open-label, single-arm, phase II study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO3-05-10.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries feature a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh/g and hence is considered as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries. However, deployment of Li-S batteries has been hindered by the low practical energy and limited cycle life.1, 2 Reducing cathode porosity is essential to balancing the electrolyte distribution in Li-S cell, conserving more pore-filling electrolyte to extend cell cycle life.3-5 However, low-porosity electrodes built with nanosized sulfur/carbon (S/C) materials suffer from high tortuosity that significantly deteriorates electrode wetting and hence sulfur utilization. Enabling operation of high-loading sulfur electrodes under both low-porosity and lean-electrolyte conditions is still a challenge and is seldom discussed. In this study,6 we demonstrated a novel and facile strategy for constructing low-tortuosity through-pores across both vertical and planar directions of electrodes by casting large particles into single-particle-layer electrodes. Through multi-scale characterizations and simulations, correlations between material/electrode structures, electrolyte permeability, polysulfide migration, and sulfur reactions were elucidated. The high-loading and dense sulfur cathode fabricated by this method delivers a high specific capacity (>1000 mAh g-1) at a very low electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio of 4 μL mg-1. This study provides a novel approach to reducing the tortuosity of dense sulfur electrodes by manipulating the porosity distribution, which would be also applicable to improving the rate capability of other high-energy electrodes. More details of the progress will be discussed at the meeting. Reference. Dörfler, S.; Althues, H.; Härtel, P.; Abendroth, T.; Schumm, B.; Kaskel, S., Challenges and Key Parameters of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries on Pouch Cell Level. Joule 2020, 4 (3), 539-554. Xue, W.; Miao, L.; Qie, L.; Wang, C.; Li, S.; Wang, J.; Li, J., Gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of lithium-sulfur batteries. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 2017, 6 (1), 92-99. Lu, D.; Li, Q.; Liu, J.; Zheng, J.; Wang, Y.; Ferrara, S.; Xiao, J.; Zhang, J. G.; Liu, J., Enabling High-Energy-Density Cathode for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018, 10 (27), 23094-23102. Kang, N.; Lin, Y.; Yang, L.; Lu, D.; Xiao, J.; Qi, Y.; Cai, M., Cathode porosity is a missing key parameter to optimize lithium-sulfur battery energy density. Nat Commun 2019, 10 (1), 4597. Feng, S.; Liu, J.; Zhang, X.; Shi, L.; Anderson, C.; Lin, Y.; Song, M.-K.; Liu, J.; Xiao, J.; Lu, D., Rationalizing nitrogen-doped secondary carbon particles for practical lithium-sulfur batteries. Nano Energy 2022, 103. Feng, S.; Singh, R. K.; Fu, Y.; Li, Z.; Wang, Y.; Bao, J.; Xu, Z.; Li, G.; Anderson, C.; Shi, L.; Lin, Y.; Khalifah, P. G.; Wang, W.; Liu, J.; Xiao, J.; Lu, D., Low-tortuous and dense single-particle-layer electrode for high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries. Energy & Environ. Sci. 2022.

In this paper, heavy metal oxide glasses co-doped with erbium and holmium ions have been synthesized. Glass composition, based on the bismuth and germanium oxides, has been selected in terms of high thermal stability (delta T = 125 °C), high refractive index (n = 2.19) and low maximum phonon energy (hvmax = 724 cm-1). Up-conversion luminescence spectra under the 980 nm laser diode excitation have been observed as a result of radiative transitions within the quantum energy level structures of Er3+ and Ho3+ ions. Optimization of rare earth ions content has been conducted, the highest emission intensity in the visible wavelength range has been observed in glass co-doped with molar concentration 0.5 Er2O3 / 0.5 Ho2O3. Full Text: PDF ReferencesF. Zhang, Z. Bi, A. Huang, Z. Xiao, "Visible luminescence properties of Er3+?Pr3+ codoped fluorotellurite glasses", Opt. Materials 41, 112 (2014). CrossRef S. Li, S. Ye, T. Liu, H. Wang, D. Wang, "Enhanced up-conversion emissions in ZnO-LiYbO2:RE3+ (RE = Er or Ho) hybrid phosphors through surface modification", J. All. Comp. 658, 85 (2016). CrossRef J. Fu, X. Zhang, Z. Chao, Z. Li, J. Liao, D. Hou, H. Wen, X. Lu, X. Xie, "Enhanced upconversion luminescence of NaYF4:Yb, Er microprisms via La3+ doping", Opt. Laser Tech. 88, 280 (2017). CrossRef Y. Tian, R. Xu, L. Hu, J. Zhang, "2.7 ?m fluorescence radiative dynamics and energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in fluoride glass under 800 nm and 980 nm excitation", J. Quant. Spec. Rad. Tra. 113, 87 (2012). CrossRef M. Zhang, A. Yang, Y. Peng, B. Zhang, H. Ren, W. Guo, Y. Yang, C. Zhai, Y. Wang, Z. Yang, D. Tang, "Dy3+-doped Ga?Sb?S chalcogenide glasses for mid-infrared lasers", Mat. Res. Bul. 70, 55 (2015). CrossRef G. Yang, T. Li, "Broadband 1.53 ?m emission in Er3+-doped Ga-Bi-Pb-Ge heavy metal oxide glasses", J. Rare Earths 26, 924 (2008). CrossRef Y. Guo, Y. Tian, L. Zhang, L. Hu, J. Zhang, "Erbium doped heavy metal oxide glasses for mid-infrared laser materials", J. Non-Cryst. Solids 377, 119 (2013). CrossRef Z. Hou, Z. Xue, F. Li, M. Wang, X. Hu, S. Wang, "Luminescence and up-conversion mechanism of Er3+/Ho3+ co-doped oxyfluoride tellurite glasses and glass?ceramics", J. All. Comp. 577, 523 (2013). CrossRef X. Li, Q. Nie, S. Dai, T. Xu, L. Lu, X. Zhang, "Energy transfer and frequency upconversion in Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped bismuth-germanate glasses", J. All. Comp. 454, 510 (2008). CrossRef S.S. Rojas, J.E. De Souza, M.R.B. Andreeta, A.C. Hernandes, "Influence of ceria addition on thermal properties and local structure of bismuth germanate glasses", J. Non-Cryst. Solids 356, 2942 (2010). CrossRef M.S. Ebrahim, Irina, Mid-infrared coherent sources and applications, Springer (2008). CrossRef T. Ragin, J. Zmojda, M. Kochanowicz, P. Miluski, P. Jelen, M. Sitarz, D. Dorosz, "Enhanced mid-infrared 2.7 ?m luminescence in low hydroxide bismuth-germanate glass and optical fiber co-doped with Er3 +/Yb3 + ions", J. Non-Cryst. Solids 457, 169 (2017). CrossRef K. Biswas, A.D. Sontakke, R. Sen, K. Annapurna, "Enhanced 2 ?m broad-band emission and NIR to visible frequency up-conversion from Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped Bi2O3?GeO2?ZnO glasses", Spectr. Acta. Part A, Mol. Biomol. Spectr. 112, 301-308 (2013). CrossRef R.S. Romaniuk, D. Dorosz, J. Żmojda, M. Kochanowicz, W. Mazerski, "Upconversion luminescence in tellurite glass codoped with Yb3+/Ho3+ ions", Proc. of SPIE 8903, 890307 (2013). CrossRef

Abstract The KRASG12C inhibitor sotorasib was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating KRASG12Cmutant locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC in 2021 (Nakajima, Drezner et al. 2022). Clinical trials on the use of sotorasib for cancer treatment have demonstrated promising results. However, KRASG12C-mutant cancers can acquire resistance to sotorasib after treatment. Most of the drug resistance mechanisms converge on reactivation of the MAPK pathway to bypass KRAS inhibition (Adachi, Ito et al. 2020, Ryan, Fece de la Cruz et al. 2020, Xue, Zhao et al. 2020, Zhao, Murciano-Goroff et al. 2021, Liu, Kang et al. 2022). Identifying the underlying drug resistance mechanisms is critical for improving treatment response and developing more effective combination strategies. During study on the mechanisms underlying sotorasib resistance, we incidentally found that when cultured in sotorasib-free medium, KRASG12C-mutant cancer cells adopted to sotorasib demonstrated a decreased growth rate and increased cell death. A similar “drug addiction” phenomenon was noted in BRAF-mutant cells treated with BRAF or MEK inhibitors (Das Thakur, Salangsang et al. 2013, Moriceau, Hugo et al. 2015, Hong, Moriceau et al. 2018, Rao, Shi et al. 2020). Here, we first verified the death property induced by sotorasib withdrawal in sotorasib-resistant cells, and further explored the mechanism underlying sotorasib addiction. Finally, we provide a novel therapeutic strategy against sotorasib-addicted cells. In the results, we uncovered in the absence of sotorasib, the sotorasib-resistant cells underwent p21Waf1/Cip1-mediated cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent cell death. Robust mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation after sotorasib withdrawal triggered severe DNA damage and replication stress, resulting in DNA damage response (DDR) activation. Persistent MAPK pathway hyperactivation concomitant with exhausted DDR eventually drove the premature entry of cells into mitosis and to aberrant mitosis, followed by micronucleus and nucleoplasmic bridge formation. Pharmacologic activation of the MAPK pathway with a type I BRAF inhibitor could further enhance the effects of sotorasib withdrawal in sotorasib-resistant cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we identified the sotorasib addiction phenomenon in cancer cells, determined the underlying mechanisms of replication stress and mitotic catastrophe, and provide a novel therapeutic strategy against sotorasib-addicted cells with pharmacological enhancement of aberrant MAPK activation with a type I BRAF inhibitor, which can more effectively restrained cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Citation Format: Li-Wen Chiou, Chien-Hui Chan, Yu-Ling Jhuang, Ching-Yao Yang, Yung-Ming Jeng. DNA replication stress and mitotic catastrophe mediate sotorasib addiction in KRASG12C-mutant cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2848.

Recently, sulfonamides have been shown to be promising electrolyte components due to their high chemical and electrochemical stability in lithium batteries [1, 2]. The electrolyte stability becomes critical when applying high voltage and/or utilizing Ni-rich layered oxides in high energy density lithium-ion batteries. Another approach to successful Ni-rich cathode performance is to develop a stable and effective cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). Given the success of sultones and sulfates in this regard [3, 4], it is hypothesized that nitrogen analogs, like sulfonamides, could be tailored to provide a similar benefit. Indeed, Yim et al. [5, 6] have shown that N,N,N’,N’-tetraethylsulfamide (TES) forms a CEI on NMC811 that imparts high voltage cycling stability and less cathode corrosion. Our earlier studies of TES with Ni-rich NCA also formed a favorable CEI and these results are the topic of this presentation. Herein, we examine the performance of 0 - 4 wt.% TES in our commercially available, high power INR18650-P28A. These cells contain a composite SiO/graphite anode in addition to a Ni-rich cathode. As shown in Fig 1, TES significantly decreased the impedance of the cathode interface after conditioning compared to the control electrolyte. Thereafter, cells containing up to 2%TES show improved capacity retention during long-term high-rate cycling (+1C/-80W). Part of this success was due to a suppression of resistance growth during cycling by TES. Fast charge cycling (+3C/-2C), however, was moderately impaired with increased TES. Considering the largely reduced impedance of the cathode, fast-charge performance may have suffered due to anode rate limitations. These results will be discussed as well as gas generation, storage performance, and additional rate and cycling tests. [1] Shuting Feng, Mingjun Huang, Jessica R. Lamb, Wenxu Zhang, Ryoichi Tatara, Yirui Zhang, Yun Guang Zhu, Collin F. Perkinson, Jeremiah A. Johnson, Yang Shao-Horn. Chem, 5, 2630-2641 (2019) [2] Weijiang Xue, Mingjun Huang, Yutao Li, Yun Guang Zhu, Rui Gao, Xianghui Xiao, Wenxu Zhang, Sipei Li, Guiyin Xu, Yang Yu, Peng Li, Jeffrey Lopez, Daiwei Yu, Yanhao Dong, Weiwei Fan, Zhe Shi, Rui Xiong, Cheng-Jun Sun, Inhui Hwang, Wah-Keat Lee, Yang Shao-Horn, Jeremiah A. Johnson, Ju Li. Nature Energy, 6, 495-505 (2021) [3] Koji Abe, Manuel Colera, Kei Shimamoto, Masahide Kondo, Kazuhiro Miyoshi. Journal of Electrochemical Society, 161 (6) A863-A870 (2014) [4] Jian Xia, N. N. Sinha, L. P. Chen, J. R. Dahn. Journal of Electrochemical Society, 161 (3) A264-A274 (2014) [5] Kwangeun Jung, Taeeun Yim. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 834,155155 (2020) [6] Ji Won Kim, Kwangeun Jung, Taeeun Yim. Journal of Mater. Sci & Tech. 86, 70-76 (2021) Figure 1

A mathematical model for emission spectrum modeling which is simple, easy to use, easy to understand and apply; is built and proposed. Then, the model can applied to design emission spectrum with using LED, study the optical and color performance of emitted white light spectrum. This effiecient method is helpful for researcher working in solid state lighting (SSL) field, spectrum design for light source, optimize the optical and electrical performace for any specify desired light source. Full Text: PDF References E.F. Schubert, J.K. Kim, "Solid-State Light Sources Getting Smart", Science, 308, 1274 (2005) CrossRef N. Narendran, Y.J. Gu, "Life of LED-based white light sources", Display Technol. 2005, 1, 167-171. CrossRef E. Schubert, Light-Emitting Diodes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2006). CrossRef Y. Ohno. "Spectral design considerations for white LED color rendering", Opt. Eng. 4411, 111302 (2005). CrossRef J. Huaizhou, S. Jin, K. Yuan, S. Cen. "Modification to a single Gauss simulation of a phosphor coated light-emitting diode", Opt. Eng. 52, 087102 (2013). CrossRef H. Jin, S. Jin, K. Yuan, and S. Cen. "Two-Part Gauss Simulation of Phosphor-Coated LED", IEEE Photonics J. 5, (2013). CrossRef G-Q Xu, J-H Zhang, G-Y Cao, M-S Xing, D-S Li, J-J Yu,. "Solar spectrum matching using monochromatic LEDs", Lighting Res. Technol. 49, 4 (2016) CrossRef T-H. Yang, H-Y. Huang, C-C. Sun, B. Glorieux, X-H. Lee, Y-W. Yu, T-Y. Chung "Noncontact and instant detection of phosphor temperature in phosphor-converted white LEDs", Sci. Rep. 8, 296 (2018). CrossRef Q. Chen, X. Jin, L. Xue. "Modeling and optimization of multi-LED solar spectrum synthesis with widely-tuning radiant flux output", Optik 180, 276-284 (2019) CrossRef L. Liu. "LED Solar Spectrum Computer Simulation Based on Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm", J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 1578, 012103 (2020). CrossRef L. Bachouch , N. Sewraj , P. Dupuis , L. Canale, G. Zissis, L. Bouslimi, and L. El Amraoui. "An Approach for Designing Mixed Light-Emitting Diodes to Match Greenhouse Plant Absorption Spectra", Sustainability 13, 4329 (2021) CrossRef Z. Liu, F. Li, G. Huang, J. Wei, G. Jiang, Y. Huang, X. Jin and Q. Li. "Spectral Design of Light-Emitting Diodes for Plant Photosynthesis Based on Quantum Dots", IEEE Access, 9, 156229-156238 (2021). CrossRef S. Bauer. "Blue-Light Hazard of Light-Emitting Diodes Assessed with Gaussian Functions", Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18, 680 (2021). CrossRef S. Benkner, A. Herzog, S. Klir, W.D. Van Driel and T.Q. Khanh. "Advancements in Spectral Power Distribution Modeling of Light-Emitting Diodes", IEEE Access, 10, 83612-83619 (2022). CrossRef

Abstract Background: Biomarkers that could predict the beneficial effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with chemotherapy in treatment-naive advanced or recurrent gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma patients are lacking. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with G/GEJ adenocarcinoma who had undergone first-line treatment with programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor plus chemotherapy between October 2017 and July 2021. Comparative analysis of the objective response rate (ORR) was performed using the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared for significance with a log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were established for evaluating the prognostic value of clinicopathological factors. Results: Of the 172 enrolled patients, 142 showed measurable lesions. The ORR was 52.8%. Higher response rates were observed in patients with age greater than or equal to 60 (p = 0.013), non-diffuse type (p < 0.001), synchronous metastasis (p = 0.029), distant lymph node metastasis (p = 0.002), non-peritoneal metastasis (p= 0.002), HER2 positivity (p = 0.002), and PD-L1 CPS greater than or equal to 5 (p = 0.017). Through univariate analysis, age, histology, number of metastatic sites, and peritoneal metastasis were found to be associated with progression-free survival (PFS). Through multivariate analysis, peritoneal metastasis occurrence was the only identified independent indicator of poor PFS (HR 2.768, 95% CI 1.184-6.472, p = 0.019). Additionally, multi-factor combination results showed that patients with at least one of the following: mismatch repair-deficient (D-MMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), HER2 (+), EBV (+), and/or PD-L1 CPS greater than or equal to 5, exhibited higher response rates and longer PFS as compared to those lacking these factors; this benefit was consistent after excluding PD-L1 expression. Among the clinical combinatorial factors, significantly poor ORRs and lower PFS were observed in patients with age < 60, diffuse type, and peritoneal metastasis as compared to those without any of these factors. Conclusions: Peritoneal metastasis was an independent biomarker of poor efficacy to immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in G/GEJ cancer patients in first-line setting. Some combination factors could be beneficial for efficacy prediction. Citation Format: Yu-Ting Sun, Shi-Xun Lu, Ming-Yu Lai, Xia Yang, Wen-Long Guan, Li-Qiong Yang, Yu-Hong Li, Feng-Hua Wang, Rui-Hua Xu, Miao-Zhen Qiu. Predictive biomarkers for the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy for gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer in first-line setting [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5092.

Abstract Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is a malignant tumor with less than 5% of 5-year overall survival. Although immunotherapy has shown excellent and lasting efficacy in many solid tumors, immunomonotherapy is ineffective in PAC. The combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with radiotherapy/chemotherapy has shown encouraging results. Identifying predictive biomarkers is of great sense for PAC patients to benefit from immunotherapy. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues and matched blood samples of 83 Chinese PAC patients were collected from Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of targeted-450 cancer genes was performed in OrigiMed (Shanghai, China), a College of American Pathologists (CAP) accredited and Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified laboratory. Genomic alterations, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) were assayed. PD-L1 expression was determined using Combined Positive Score (CPS). Results: A total of 83 PAC patients were enrolled in this cohort, including 50 (60.2%) males and 33 (39.8%) females. Among them, 79.5% (66/83) and 20.5% (17/83) were primary and metastatic lesions, respectively. The most common mutant genes were KRAS (84.3%, 70/83), TP53 (75.9%, 63/83), CDKN2A (27.7%, 23/83), SMAD4 (26.5%, 22/83) and ARID1A (12.0%, 10/83). In addition, some gene alterations associated with immune hyperprogression (HP) were detected in 9.6% (8/83) patients, including 11q13 amp (2.4%, 2/83), and CDKN2A/B gene loss (7.2%, 6/83). There are 32 (38.6%) PD-L1 positive patients, including 25 patients with CPS 1-10 and 7 patients with CPS≥20. We found that SPTA1 mutations were specifically detected in PD-L1 positive group, while OBSCN and ATM mutations were specifically detected in PD-L1 negative group. The median TMB value was 3.3 muts/Mb and only 4 (4.8%) patients had TMB-values higher than 10 muts/Mb (TMB-H). There are 3 patients (3.6%) showed MSI-H. Interestingly, all 3 MSI-H patients were TMB-H, and 2 of them also showed PD-L1 positive without any HP related mutations. Both patients received immunotherapy and were benefited for more than 11 months, including one of whom had received immunomonotherapy. Conclusions: We described the characteristics of TMB, MSI and PD-L1 expression in Chinese patients with PAC. In the absence of HP related mutations, comprehensive consideration of TMB, MSI and PD-L1 status may guide PAC immunotherapy and benefit PAC patients. Citation Format: Yu Wang, Yantian Xu, Alei Feng, Qiang Wen, Xiaoliang Shi, Shanshan Zhang, Fei Pang. Comprehensive analysis and potential clinical applications of immunotherapy-related biomarkers in Chinese patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5753.

Abstract Background: Gemcitabine-Cisplatin (GP) chemotherapy is the standard first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC). Toripalimab, a humanized IgG4K monoclonal antibody specific for PD-1, in combination with GP chemotherapy showed significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) as first-line treatment for RM-NPC at the interim analysis of the JUPITER-02 study (NCT03581786), a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded international Phase III trial. Here we report the results of the final PFS analysis and the interim overall survival (OS) analysis. Methods: Patients (n=289) with advanced NPC with no prior chemotherapy in the recurrent or metastatic setting were randomized (1:1) to receive toripalimab 240 mg (n=146) or placebo (n=143) in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin every 3 weeks (Q3W) for up to 6 cycles, followed by monotherapy with toripalimab or placebo Q3W until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or completion of 2 years of treatment. Stratification factors were ECOG PS (0 vs. 1) and extent of disease (recurrent vs. primary metastatic) at enrollment. Tumor response was assessed by a blinded independent review committee (BIRC) per RECIST v1.1. The primary endpoint was PFS by BIRC in the intention-to-treat population. Secondary end points included PFS by investigator, OS, objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR) and safety. Results: At the final PFS analysis, the median follow-up time was 22.1 months for the toripalimab arm and 21.4 months for the placebo arm by the cut-off date of June 8, 2021. The toripalimab arm had a significantly longer PFS than the placebo arm as assessed by BIRC: median PFS 21.4 vs. 8.2 months, HR=0.52 (95% CI: 0.37-0.73), two-sided p<0.0001. The 1-year PFS rates were 59.0% vs. 32.9%. The ORR was 78.8% vs. 67.1% (P=0.022) and the median DOR was 18.0 vs. 6.0 months, HR= 0.49 (95% CI: 0.33-0.72). Consistently, PFS as assessed by investigator was also significantly longer in the toripalimab arm than the placebo arm: median PFS 17.3 vs. 8.1 months, HR=0.43 (95% CI: 0.31-0.58), P<0.0001. As of June 8, 2021, the median OS was not reached in either arm, with a trend favoring the toripalimab arm, HR=0.59 (95% CI: 0.37-0.94), P=0.024. The improvements of PFS and OS in the toripalimab arm were observed across key subgroups, including PD-L1 expression subgroups. Notably, dynamic decrease of plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA copy number from baseline was associated with favorable response. No new safety signal was identified. The incidence of Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) (89.7% vs 90.2%) and fatal AEs (2.7% vs 2.8%) were similar between the two arms; however, investigator-determined immune-related AEs (irAEs) (53.4% vs. 21.7%) and Grade ≥3 irAEs (8.9% vs. 1.4%) were more frequent in the toripalimab arm. Conclusions: The addition of toripalimab to GP chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced NPC had a manageable safety profile and provided superior PFS with a favorable trend in overall survival than chemotherapy alone. Citation Format: Hai-Qiang Mai, Qiu-Yan Chen, Dongping Chen, Chaosu Hu, Kunyu Yang, Jiyu Wen, Jingao Li, Yingrui Shi, Feng Jin, Ruilian Xu, Jianji Pan, Shenhong Qu, Ping Li, Chunhong Hu, Yi-Chun Liu, Yi Jiang, Xia He, Hung-Ming Wang, Wan-Teck Lim, Rui-Hua Xu, Coherus Biosciences and Shanghai Junshi Biosciences. Final progression-free survival analysis of JUPITER-02, a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study of toripalimab or placebo plus gemcitabine and cisplatin as first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr CT226.

Abstract Background: Neoantigens, derived from somatic mutations in tumor cells, have been identified as promising targets of immunotherapy. A personalized neoantigen/cancer-testis antigen (CTA) nanovaccine (PNVAC) platform has been established by us previously, and demonstrated its feasibility, safety and efficacy in preventing recurrence of high-risk resected gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer in both preclinical and clinical studies. This study aims to explore the universality of PNVAC monotherapy or combined with anti-angiogenesis drugs or anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) in patients with multiple advanced solid malignancies. Methods: Patient-specific neoantigens were selected based on tumor-specific mutations identified by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing of paired blood and tumor tissues. Bioinformatic analysis for neoantigen prediction, including sequencing read filtering, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing and neoantigen filtering was performed. PNVAC is an amphiphiles nanovaccine loaded with multiple personalized neoantigens designed to induce specific T cell responses. PNVAC is administrated to patients with metastatic solid tumors on days 1, 4, 8, 15, 22, 43 (prime phase) and 64, 85 and 169 (boost phase) alone, or combined with anti-angiogenesis or anti-PD-1 drugs. Safety, immunogenicity and clinical efficacy are evaluated. Results: Of the 30 enrolled patients, no treatment-related severe adverse events (AEs) occurred and the vast majority of AEs were limited to grade 1-2, only 1 patient developed grade 3 thrombocytopenia. The objective response rate (ORR) was 26.7% (8/30), including 2 cases of complete response (CR) and 6 cases of partial response (PR), and a disease control rate (DCR) of 66.7% achieved. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9.90 months (95% CI, 3.46-16.34 months), while the median overall survival (OS) was not reached (range, 0.80-43.53 months), and the estimated 1- and 2-year survival rates were 86.2% and 60.6%. Notably, among the 21 patients who had relapsed disease after previous ICB and/or anti-angiogenesis, disease control was asserted in 14 (66.7%) of them (7 of SD, 5 of PR, 2 of CR). ORR of this set was 33.3% (7/21), higher than that of all the enrolled patients (26.7%), and the set without prior ICB and/or anti-angiogenesis treatment (11.1%). For immune analysis, PNVAC elicited robust and persistent immune responses against neoantigens/CTAs. Additionally, peripheral T cells with a cytotoxic phenotype tended to increase after vaccination, and immune memory was also detected in some representative patients. Conclusions: These data supported the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of this regimen in patients with advanced solid malignancies, thus broadening the application and combined strategies of neoantigen-based vaccines. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR1800017319. Citation Format: Jia Wei, Qin Liu, Lijing Zhu, Jie Shao, Ju Yang, Guanghui Xu, Nandie Wu, Hanbing Wang, Rutian Li, Huizi Sha, Qiuping Xu, Jie Shen, Li Xie, Lifeng Wang, Juan Du, Lanqi Cen, Manman Tian, Lixia Yu, Baorui Liu. Personalized neoantigen/cancer-testis antigen nanovaccine for advanced solid tumors, a single-arm, open-label pilot study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5001.

Novel Coronavirus 2019 (covid-19) is a generation of the coronavirus that humans have never identified. This virus was first reported to cause an outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Until now, covid-19 infection cases have been reported in many countries, such as Thailand, Japan, South Korea, Iran, Italy, Germany, and more than 90 countries worldwide. Until November 1, 2020, a total of 412.784 positive cases of covid-19 were recorded, with 341.942 recovered patients and 13.943 deaths in Indonesia. The purpose of this event is to anticipate the spread of Covid-19 by reminding the public to maintain health protocols and other alternatives in preserving health, also increasing body immunity through massage and traditional Indonesian herbal medicine. This event received a good response from the public. It was evidenced by the number of participants exceeding the predetermined quota and enthusiastic in following the speaker's material. The event was a success and was well received by the participants as well as the local government. After following this event, participants can practise the knowledge obtained from the presenters to maintain and protect their health and immunity from Covid-19. Keywords: Covid-19, Community service, body immunity DAFTAR PUSTAKA Amri, Sofan. Iif Khoiru Ahmadi. 2010. Proses Pembelajaran Kreatif dan Inovatif Dalam Kelas: Metode, Landasan Teoritis-Praktis dan Penerapannya. Jakarta: PT. Prestasi Pustakaraya. Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Surabaya. “Jumlah RT RW Kecamatan Dukuh Pakis Menurut Kelurahan Tahun 2017”. surabayakota.bps.go.id. https://surabayakota.bps.go.id/statictable/2018/04/19/594/jumlah-rt-rw-kecamatan-dukuh-pakis-menurut-kelurahan-tahun-2017.html. (diakses 15 Desember 2020). Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z. 2020. “Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China”. Lancet 2020: 395: 497-506. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2020. Pedoman Kesiapsiagaan Menghadapi Coronavirus Disease (covid-19). Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit (P2P). Komite Penanganan Covid-19 dan Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional. “Pasien Sembuh Harian Mencapai 4.141 Orang”. covid19.go.id. https://covid19.go.id/berita/pasien-sembuh-harian-mencapai-4141-orang. (diakses 15 Desember 2020). Kumar, M., & Dwivedi, S. 2020. “Impact of Coronavirus Imposed Lockdown on Indian Population and their Habits”. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research Vol.5 Issue: 2: April-June 2020. ISSN: 2455-7587. Li, S., Wang, Y., Xue, J., Zhao, N., & Zhu, T. 2020. “The impact of covid-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: A study on active weibo users”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 1–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062032. Pemerintah Kota Surabaya, “Statistik”. lawancovid-19.surabaya.go.id. https://lawancovid-19.surabaya.go.id/visualisasi/graph. (diakses 15 Desember 2020). Rizma Riyandi. “Data Kecamatan Surabaya: Dukuh Pakis, Penduduk dan Wilayah”. ayosurabaya.com. https://www.ayosurabaya.com/read/2020/09/28/3230/data-kecamatan-surabaya-dukuh-pakis-penduduk-dan-wilayah. (diakses 15 Desember 2020). Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, Niu P. 2020. “A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019”. New England Journal of Medicine 2020: 382: 727-733. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017

The shortage of lithium resources, safety and recycling difficulty has focused attention on alternative energy storage devices in recent years. The aqueous zinc-ion battery (ZIB) stands out against such a background because of its earth abundance, safety, and environmental friendliness.1 However, the limited choice of cathode materials hinders the development of advanced high-energy-density aqueous ZIBs. At present, manganese oxide2 and vanadium oxide3 are the two most widely studied zinc-ion battery cathodes, but the migration of Zn2+ in these materials is limited by the strong electrostatic interaction with lattice oxygen ions, resulting in poor reversible capacity. Metal sulfides, instead, may effectively improve the electrochemical performance reversibility of ZIBs. Layered metal sulfides have been extensively studied in monovalent cation (Li+, Na+, K+) rechargeable batteries.4 However, although limited studies with Bi2S3 5,6 as ZIB cathode material exist, their detailed electrochemical charge storage and transfer mechanisms are not well understood. In this work, we explore the effect of covalent anchoring Bi2S3 on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the stability and cycling performance as a cathode for aqueous ZIBs. During the hydrothermal synthesis, the reduced graphene oxide serves as the nucleation substrate enabling the formation of fine and uniformly sized Bi2S3 grains, Figure 1 (a). Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm the formation of Bi-O-C heterojunctions during hydrothermal synthesis. These oxygen bridges serve as efficient electron transfer channels in the Bi2S3/rGO composite for rapid charge compensation during Zn2+ incorporation/extraction. As a result, Bi2S3/rGO composite shows notably better rate performance and cycling stability compared with pristine Bi2S3. The specific capacity of Bi2S3-rGO8 composite is ~186 mAh g-1 at the current density of 500 mA g-1 after 150 cycles, considerably higher than unsupported Bi2S3. Additionally, the Bi2S3 nucleated on GO with smaller particle sizes can shorten the transport path of zinc ions, which is beneficial for fast charge transfer. Therefore, Bi2S3-rGO8 can deliver more than 100 mAh g-1 at 10 A/g charge/discharge current density, Figure 1 (b). Also, the zinc storage mechanism was analyzed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and XPS, indicating a reversible conversion reaction of Zn2+ in the Bi2S3-rGO framework. During discharging, Zn2+ is embedded in Bi2S3-rGO frame to form ZnS and Bi wrapped in rGO. The process is accompanied by the dissolution of bismuth into electrolyte and the formation of (ZnSO4)[Zn(OH)2]3·5H2O (ZHS) on the electrode surface. Inhibition of these two processes may further increase the cycle stability of Bi2S3-rGO. Rotating ring disc electrode (RRDE) measurements, in which we detect dissolved Bi, indicate that Bi dissolution in the electrolyte during charging/discharging is mitigated in Bi2S3/rGO electrode, compared to pristine Bi2S3. References: Z. Li, L. Wu, S. Dong, T. Xu, S. Li, Y. An, J. Jiang and X. Zhang, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2021, 31, 2006495. J. Long, Z. Yang, F. Yang, J. Cuan and J. Wu, Electrochim. Acta, 2020, 344, 136155. Wu, Y. Ding, L. Hu, X. Zhang, Y. Huang and S. Chen, Mater. Lett., 2020, 277, 128268. Z. Hu, Q. Liu, S. Chou and S. Dou, Adv. Mater., 2017, 29, 1700606. S. Li, Y. Liu, X. Zhao, K. Cui, Q. Shen, P. Li, X. Qu and L. Jiao, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2021, 60, 20286–20293. T. Xiong, Y. Wang, B. Yin, W. Shi, W. S. V. Lee and J. Xue, Nano-Micro Lett., 2020, 12, 8. Figure 1

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have gained increasing importance in energy storage systems, driven by the growing demands of grid storage, automotive, and portable consumer applications. To meet the need for high energy density batteries, one promising approach involves the utilization of high capacity layered transition metal oxide cathodes, such as nickel-rich LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811), which can deliver a high reversible specific capacity of over 180 mAh·g-1 [1,2]. However, due to the structural and interfacial instability[3], nickel-rich NMC cathode still faces challenges in long-term galvanostatic cycling. For these reasons, design of novel electrolyte formulations, which enable formation of an effective cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), is highly desirable. Recent studies have highlighted the cross-talk between the cathode and anode, indicating that the evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) can impact the formation of the CEI[4]. Thus, establishing an effective SEI/CEI pair is essential for achieving long-term cycling of nickel-rich NMC cathode-based cells. Electrolyte optimization plays a crucial role in facilitating the formation of a desirable SEI/CEI pair, leading to an improved cell performance and longevity. Lithium (difluoromethanesulfonyl)(trifluoro-methanesulfonyl)imide (LiDFTFSI) has proven to be promising in solid-polymer-electrolyte batteries due to the good SEI/CEI formation ability and suppressed Al-dissolution[5]. Additionally, LiDFTFSI exhibits also good compatibility with Li-metal batteries[6], heralding promising applications in Li-ion batteries. However, there is lack of systematic research investigating the potential impact of LiDFTFSI on the cathode as well as on resulting CEI formation and dynamics. In this work, we demonstrated enhanced galvanostatic cycling performance of NMC811||graphite cells achieved by utilizing LiDFTFSI and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in a blended salt organic carbonate-based electrolyte formulation. Comprehensive electrochemical and post mortem analysis revealed that the LiDFTFSI alone can effectively mitigate the structural changes in the NMC811 electrode by facilitating the formation of modified CEI. However, the continued growth of an inhomogeneous CEI, caused by the cross-talk effect between electrodes, adversely affected long-term cycling stability. To address this, vinylene carbonate (VC) was introduced to the electrolyte. Synergistic effect with LiDFTFSI leads to the formation of effective and uniform SEI and CEI. As a result, 720 charge/discharge cycles were achieved in NMC811||graphite cells with LiDFTFSI and VC containing electrolytes at 1C while maintaining 80% state-of-health (SOH80%). References [1] R. Schmuch, R. Wagner, G. Hörpel, T. Placke, M. Winter, Nature Energy 2018, 3, 267–278. [2] W. Xue, M. Huang, Y. Li, Y. G. Zhu, R. Gao, X. Xiao, W. Zhang, S. Li, G. Xu, Y. Yu, P. Li, J. Lopez, D. Yu, Y. Dong, W. Fan, Z. Shi, R. Xiong, C.-J. Sun, I. Hwang, W.-K. Lee, Y. Shao-Horn, J. A. Johnson, J. Li, Nature Energy 2021, 6, 495–505. [3] K. Guo, S. Qi, H. Wang, J. Huang, M. Wu, Y. Yang, X. Li, Y. Ren, J. Ma, Small Science 2022, 2, 2100107. [4] S. Fang, D. Jackson, M. L. Dreibelbis, T. F. Kuech, R. J. Hamers, Journal of Power Sources 2018, 373, 184–192. [5] H. Zhang, U. Oteo, X. Judez, G. G. Eshetu, M. Martinez-Ibañez, J. Carrasco, C. Li, M. Armand, Joule 2019, 3, 1689–1702. [6] L. Qiao, U. Oteo, M. Martinez-Ibañez, A. Santiago, R. Cid, E. Sanchez-Diez, E. Lobato, L. Meabe, M. Armand, H. Zhang, Nat. Mater. 2022, 21, 455–462.

Over the past century, nitrogen fertilization has fed approximately 27% of the world’s population.1 Urea and ammonia are two of the most important nitrogen fertilizers used world-widely. The current industrial production of urea is mainly realized by an energy-intensive reaction of carbon dioxide and ammonia under harsh conditions (150-200 °C, 150-250 bar) with large energy consumption, for which nearly 80% of synthesized ammonia is used.2 Furthermore, ammonia is also produced under extreme condition (350-550 °C, 150-350 bar) by an energy-consuming Haber-Bosch method.3 Therefore, it is of great significance to synthesize urea and ammonia under mild conditions to meet the demands of ever-increasing population in the world. The electrocatalytic co-reduction of CO2 and NO3 - emerges as a promising approach to realize the direct synthesis of urea via C-N coupling, with ammonia produced as a side product. However, the state-of-the-art yield rates of urea and ammonia through this electrosynthesis are typically below 1 mg h-1 mgcat -1 and 3 mg h-1 mgcat -1.4, 5 In this study, we realize high-rate production of urea on an economic Cu-based organic molecule catalyst through electrochemically coupling CO2 with NO3 -, with ammonia as another useful byproduct. The rationally design of the catalysts guarantees the accurate adsorption and activation of NO3 - and CO2, which further promotes the desired electrochemical C-N coupling in urea synthesis. Efficient urea synthesis was achieved with yield rates ranging from 2.7 to 3.6 mg h-1 mgcat -1 in a potential window of -0.49~-0.67V vs. RHE, together with ammonia with high yield rates ranging from 0.15 to 9.7 mg h-1 mgcat -1. This work proposes an appealing route of sustainable production of artificial nitrogen fertilizers with high efficiencies. Widespread adoption of this approach is promising to re-use the greenhouse gas CO2 and NO3 - from waste toward a full circulate of economy and sustainable energy consumption. The demonstrated production of nitrogen fertilizer in conjunction with renewable electricity is of great potential to meet the rising demand for global food security. Acknowledgements Research Grants Council (26206115, 16304821 and 16309418) and Innovation and Technology Commission (grant no. ITC-CNERC14EG03) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The work described in this paper was substantially supported by a fellowship award from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. HKUST PDFS2021-4S12). References J. W. Erisman, M. A. Sutton, J. Galloway, Z. Klimont and W. Winiwarter, Nat. Geosci., 2008, 1, 636-639. M. Yuan, J. Chen, Y. Xu, R. Liu, T. Zhao, J. Zhang, Z. Ren, Z. Liu, C. Streb, H. He, C. Yang, S. Zhang and G. Zhang, Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 6605-6615. A. J. Martín, T. Shinagawa and J. Pérez-Ramírez, Chem, 2019, 5, 263-283. C. Lv, L. Zhong, H. Liu, Z. Fang, C. Yan, M. Chen, Y. Kong, C. Lee, D. Liu, S. Li, J. Liu, L. Song, G. Chen, Q. Yan and G. Yu, Nat. Sustain., 2021, 4, 868-876. X. Wei, X. Wen, Y. Liu, C. Chen, C. Xie, D. Wang, M. Qiu, N. He, P. Zhou, W. Chen, J. Cheng, H. Lin, J. Jia, X.-Z. Fu and S. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2022, 144, 11530-11535.

Abstract Introduction Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >60 genomic loci for lung cancer risk. However, causal genes and the underlying biological mechanisms for most of these loci remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted a multi-omics study to identify lung cancer susceptibility genes. Method We first conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) using S-PrediXcan framework. Whole transcriptome data from adjacent-normal lung tissue samples and genomic data from 304 European-ancestry lung cancer patients were used to build genetic prediction models for expression levels of protein-coding genes and lincRNAs. The prediction models were then applied to GWAS meta-analysis results for lung cancer with 39,363 cases and 621,480 controls of European descents from TRICL-ILCCO, the UK Biobank, and FinnGen. COJO was used to assess whether those significant genes were independent of proximal (±1.5 Mb) GWAS-identified risk variants. To replicate our TWAS-identified genes, we used data from GTEx version 8 normal lung tissue (N=444) to build imputation models and then run association analyses. We acquired gene (N=107) and protein expression data (N=111) from tumor and matched adjacent-normal lung tissues from European-ancestry participants in the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium. Paired Wilcoxon rank sum tests were then conducted to assess whether identified genes and their corresponding proteins were expressed differentially. Results Out of 18,850 genes (read count >6 and TPM >0.1 in at least 20% samples), 6,754 protein-coding genes and 802 lincRNAs were predicted reliably using genetic variants (R>0.1 and P<0.05). Among them, genetically proxied expression levels of 24 genes located at 15 loci were significantly associated with lung cancer risk at a Bonferroni adjusted P <0.05. Four genes were located at four novel loci, including SERF1A at 5q13.2, SMIM33 at 5q31.2, MUC5B at 11p15.5, and RASSF10 at 11p15.2. Six putative candidate genes, namely H4C13, HCP5B, STN1, COPS2, SKIV2L, and LINC00243 resided in previously GWAS-identified lung cancer loci but have not been reported. Of these six genes, SKIV2L (Padjust=1.49e-5) and LINC00243 (Padjust=3.47e-5) were independently associated with lung cancer risk even after adjusting for GWAS-identified variants. Among 24 identified genes, 16 showed a consistent significant association with lung cancer risk (p<0.05) based on the prediction models built using GTEx data. Of ten unreported or novel genes, MUC5B, SMIM33, SERF1A, STN1, COPS2, and LINC00243 showed differential gene expression at P <0.05 and consistent association direction with TWAS results. Three proteins, STN1, COPS2, and SKIV2L, showed differential expression in tumor and adjacent-normal tissue at P<0.05, which is consistent with our TWAS direction. Conclusion Our findings offer novel insights into lung cancer carcinogenesis by uncovering new genes and loci. Citation Format: Shuai Xu, Yaohua Yang, Tianying Zhao, Jiajun Shi, Jie Ping, Wanqing Wen, Hui Cai, Xingyi Guo, Ran Tao, Xiao-Ou Shu, Wei Zheng, Jirong Long, Qiuyin Cai. Multi Omics analyses identified novel loci and genes for lung cancer risk among European Descendants [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr LB146.

With the fast development of diverse electronics, the demand for safe energy storage systems with high energy density and high stability has increased rapidly. So far, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have dominated the market, from small smart electronics to electric vehicles. Nevertheless, LIBs have several limitations, such as high cost, limited raw material resources, high flammability, and harsh environmental impact. Therefore, novel rechargeable batteries which can mitigate these shortcomings must be explored. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have shown a promising future. Zinc with high theoretical volumetric capacity (5855 mAh cm-3) and high stability in aqueous electrolytes should enable high-performing, safe, and low-cost batteries. Additionally, the simple assembly of ZIBs in the ambient environment results in low capital costs. Despite these attractive merits, developing cathode materials with high capacity, rate performance, and stability in order to build commercial high-performing ZIBs, remains a great challenge. Cathode materials directly influence the electrochemical performance of ZIBs. Manganese oxide (MnO2) has been investigated as a promising cathode in ZIBs research due to its good specific capacity, low cost and high safety. However, the low ionic conductivity, slow diffusion kinetics, and low stability of MnO2 severely deteriorate the electrochemical performance and cycling stability of zinc-ion batteries. Recently, a series of studies have revealed the high effectiveness of coating on improving MnO2 cathode stability, including polymer coatings, carbon-based material coatings, artificial cathode-electrolyte interfaces, and metal oxide coatings.[1] Nevertheless, the improvement of other parameters, such as the rate performance, could be further improved for practical usage. In this research, we develop a novel modification method combining coating and doping strategies to induce MnO2 cathode with high capacity, high rate performance and low capacity decay after long-term operation. First, we utilize a facile one-step hydrothermal synthesis for Ag-doped α-MnO2. Different amounts of AgNO3 are added into reactors with KMnO4 and MnSO4 (n(Ag):n(Mn)=1:100-4:100) to investigate the influence of doping on capacity and rate performance. Subsequently, the doped tunnel-type MnO2 cathodes are mixed with precursor solutions of Al2O3 and then thoroughly stirred. Finally, an annealing process is conducted to achieve a nanoscale Al2O3 coating on the tunnel type MnO2. The coating configurations influence the electrochemical performance of cathodes;[2] thus, we test precursor solutions with different concentrations (1-3 wt% Al2O3) and annealing temperatures (500-700 °C) to investigate the influence of coating thickness and annealing treatment. With the assistance of scanning and transmission electron microscopes, the nanoscale Al2O3 layer coating on the doped active material is verified. The stable Al2O3 coating protects active materials from dissolution and structural collapse, improving cycling stability and resulting in high capacity retention after long-term operation. Moreover, a significant improvement in rate performance compared to unmodified MnO2 is verified through electrochemical tests. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and EPR spectra showed that the doped Ag+ ions lead to oxygen vacancies due to the formation of Ag-O-Mn.[3] The abundant vacancies act as active sites, significantly improving conductivity and ion insertion rates. The ex-situ X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and electrochemical tests are used to investigate the ion insertion mechanism during charging/discharging operations. The Ag-MnO2 @ Al2O3 cathode is synthesized through a facile methodology with environment-friendly materials. The modified cathode exhibits promising performance, especially regarding cycling stability and rate performance, which will be a crucial step for developing high-performing cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Reference: [1] Shi, W., Lee, W. S. V., & Xue, J. (2021). Recent development of Mn‐based oxides as zinc‐ion battery cathode. ChemSusChem, 14(7), 1634-1658. [2] Zhou, A., Xu, J., Dai, X., Yang, B., Lu, Y., Wang, L., ... & Li, J. (2016). Improved high-voltage and high-temperature electrochemical performances of LiCoO2 cathode by electrode sputter-coating with Li3PO4. Journal of Power Sources, 322, 10-16. [3] Pu, X., Li, X., Wang, L., Maleki Kheimeh Sari, H., Li, J., Xi, Y., ... & Wu, Y. (2022). Enriching Oxygen Vacancy Defects via Ag–O–Mn Bonds for Enhanced Diffusion Kinetics of δ-MnO2 in Zinc-Ion Batteries. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 14(18), 21159-21172. Figure 1

Objetivo: Esse estudo objetivou investigar percepções de estudantes de Odontologia quanto ao medo e à ansiedade em relação ao manejo de pacientes e ao risco de infecção por COVID-19. Materiais e métodos: Esse estudo transversal envolveu todos os alunos regularmente matriculados em Odontologia, no primeiro semestre de 2020, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Um questionário foi aplicado, coletando dados demográficos, nível de formação e perguntas relacionadas ao medo e ansiedade frente à pandemia de COVID-19. Quatro comparações de acordo com a fase da graduação (fase pré-clínica ou clínica), nível de graduação e pós-graduação e de acordo com os sexos foram feitas. Análises independentes para as comparações entre os sexos foram realizadas para os alunos de graduação e de pós-graduação (α<5%). Resultados: Foram incluídos 408 estudantes. Na graduação, mulheres relataram sentirem-se mais ansiosas ao realizar tratamento em pacientes com suspeita de COVID-19 (54%) e sentem mais medo ao ouvir que a infecção tem causado mortes (92,4%), na pós-graduação, responderam ser mais nervosas para conversar com pacientes em ambientes fechados em comparações com homens (P<0,05). Alunos em fase pré-clínica possuem significativamente menor receio (65,5%), ansiedade (32,3%) e nervosismo (28,3%) do contágio do COVID-19 quando comparados com aqueles na fase clínica. Conclusões: Mulheres e alunos na fase clínica apresentam maior ansiedade e nervosismo. Descritores: Ansiedade; Estudantes de Odontologia; Medo; Infecções por Coronavírus. Referências Chang J, Yuan Y, Wang D. [Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2020;40(2):171-176. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19- 11 March 2020. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Acesso em: 8 de novembro de 2020. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F, Scarlata S, Agrò FE. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020;288(2):192-206. Chen E, Lerman K, Ferrara E. Tracking Social Media Discourse About the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Public Coronavirus Twitter Data Set. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6(2):e19273. Iyer P, Aziz K, Ojcius DM. Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States. J Dent Educ. 2020;84(6):718-722. Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. J Dent Res. 2020;99(5):481-487. Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):9. Machado RA, Bonan PRF, Perez DEDC, Martelli Júnior H. COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on dental education: discussing current and future perspectives. Braz Oral Res. 2020;34:e083. Ataş O, Talo Yildirim T. Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and clinical education of dental students about COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ. 2020;8:e9575. Deery C. The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for dental education. Evid Based Dent. 2020;21(2):46-47. Basudan S, Binanzan N, Alhassan A. Depression, anxiety and stress in dental students. Int J Med Educ. 2017;8:179-186. Elani HW, Allison PJ, Kumar RA, Mancini L, Lambrou A, Bedos C. A systematic review of stress in dental students. J Dent Educ. 2014; 78(2):226-42. Sahu P. Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7541. Ahmed MA, Jouhar R, Ahmed N, Adnan S, Aftab M, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z. Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2821. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, di Bernardo A, Capelli F, Pacitti F. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr. 2020;55(3):137-44. Mijiritsky E, Hamama-Raz Y, Liu F, Datarkar AN, Mangani L, Caplan J, Shacham A, Kolerman R, Mijiritsky O, Ben-Ezra M, Shacham M. Subjective Overload and Psychological Distress among Dentists during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5074. Rymarowicz J, Stefura T, Major P, Szeliga J, Wallner G, Nowakowski M, Pędziwiatr M. General surgeons' attitudes towards COVID-19: A national survey during the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak. Eur Surg. 2020;1-6. Adams JG, Walls RM. Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic. JAMA. 2020;323(15):1439-40. Naz N, Iqbal S, Mahmood A. Stress, anxiety and depression among the dental students of university college of medicine and dentistry Lahore; Pakistan. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2017;11(4):1277-81. Waqas A, Iftikhar A, Malik Z, Aedma KK, Meraj H, Naveed S. Association of severity of depressive symptoms with sleep quality, social support and stress among Pakistani medical and dental students: A cross-sectional study. Global Psychiatry. 2019;2(2):211-20. Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol Health Med. 2020;1-10. Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L, Chen-Li D, Iacobucci M, Ho R, Majeed A, McIntyre RS. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:55-64. Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Jia Y, Shang Z, Sun L, Wu L, Sun Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu W. Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287;112921. Terán E, Mayta-Tovalino F. Risk Factors, Self-perceived Stress, and Clinical Training among Dentistry Students in Peru: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2019;20(5):561-5. Uraz A, Tocak YS, Yozgatligil C, Cetiner S, Bal B. Psychological well-being, health, and stress sources in Turkish dental students. J Dent Educ. 2013:77(10):1345-55. Agius AM, Gatt G, Vento Zahra E, Busuttil A, Gainza-Cirauqui ML, Cortes ARG et al. Self-reported dental student stressors and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Educ. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12409. Hu J, Zou H, Dai Y, Feng Z. How to keep students engaged in oral health education during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Educ. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12420. Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C, Xiang YT, Liu Z, Hu S, Zhang B. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. 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COVID-19 Pandemic resulted in social mobility and travel restrictions to contain the infection. It has been reported that there happened post-pandemic surge in the use of the internet and social media as people rely on it more often for entertainment, work, and learning purposes. It is also been used as an unhealthy coping strategy for pandemic related stress. The smartphone was found to be the most common gadget used for accessing internet-based services. Owing to the postural alterations related to the small screen size of smartphones, neck pain was reported very commonly among smartphone users. Neck pain among smartphone users is a public health concern needing immediate attention in the pandemic time. Many of the risk factors leading to neck pain among smartphone users are modifiable. The authors outline preventive strategies that are mostly self- regulated. The strategies recommended include reducing Smartphone usage time (Smartphone-Free Time, Smartphone-Free Zone), maintaining ideal posture (Focus Breaks, Mobility Breaks, How am I keeping my posture?, Hands-free alternatives), doing regular exercises, preparing and following an activity schedule, and inculcating healthy habits. References Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O’Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg 2020; 76: 71–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034 Király O, Potenza MN, Stein DJ, King DL, Hodgins DC, Saunders JB, et al. Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 100:152180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152180 Sun Y, Li Y, Bao Y, Meng S, Sun Y, Schumann G, et al. Brief Report: Increased Addictive Internet and Substance Use Behavior During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in China. 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The paper focused on the description of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) structure. This material is obtained from a multistage production process. Each of these stages has a large impact on its structure (the number and type of functional groups, number of defect or the size of the flakes), and this in turn affects its properties. We would like to visualize the reduced graphene oxide, both using a diagram showing the atomic structure, as well as by imaging using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the paper, the elementary composition of selected elements and data obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique (XPS) will be also presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesX. Peng, Y. Wu, N. Chen, Z. Zhu, J. Liu, and H. Wang, "Facile and highly efficient preparation of semi-transparent, patterned and large-sized reduced graphene oxide films by electrochemical reduction on indium tin oxide glass surface", Thin Solid Films 692, 137626 (2019). CrossRef L. Guo, Y.-W. Hao, P.-L. Li, J.-F. Song, R.-Z. Yang, X.-Y. Fu, S.-Y. Xie, J. Zhao and Y.-L. Zhang, "Improved NO2 Gas Sensing Properties of Graphene Oxide Reduced by Two-beam-laser Interference", Sci. Rep. 8, 1 (2018). CrossRef Y. S. Milovanov, V.A. Skryshevsky, , O.M. Slobodian, , D.O. Pustovyi, X.Tang, J.-P. Raskin, and A.N. Nazarov, "Influence of Gas Adsorption on the Impedance of Graphene Oxide", 2019 IEEE 39th Int. Conf. Electron. Nanotechnology, ELNANO 2019 - Proc. 8783946, CrossRef M. Reddeppa, B.-G. Park, , M.-D. Kim, K.R. Peta, N.D. Chinh, D. Kim, S.-G. Kim, and G. Murali, "H2, H2S gas sensing properties of rGO/GaN nanorods at room temperature: Effect of UV illumination", Sensors Actuators B. Chem. 264, (2018). CrossRef W. L. Xu, C. Ding, , M.-S. Niu, X.-Y. Yang, F. Zheng, J. Xiao, M. Zheng and X.-T. Hao, "Reduced graphene oxide assisted charge separation and serving as transport pathways in planar perovskite photodetector", Org. Electron. 81, 105663 (2020). CrossRef K. Sarkar, M. Hossain, P. Devi, K. D. M. Rao, and P. Kumar, "Self‐Powered and Broadband Photodetectors with GaN: Layered rGO Hybrid Heterojunction", Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 6, 20 (2019). CrossRef S. Pei and H. M. Cheng, "The reduction of graphene oxide", Carbon, 50, 9 (2012). CrossRef R. Muzyka, S. Drewniak, T. Pustelny, M. Chrubasik, and G. Gryglewicz, "Characterization of Graphite Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Obtained from Different Graphite Precursors and Oxidized by Different Methods Using Raman Spectroscopy", Materials 11, 7 (2018). CrossRef M.-H. Tran and H. K. Jeong, "Influence of the Grain Size of Precursor Graphite on the Synthesis of Graphite Oxide", New Phys. Sae Mulli, 63, 2 (2013). CrossRef M.-H. Tran, C.-S. Yang, S. Yang, I.-J. Kim, and H. K. Jeong, "Influence of graphite size on the synthesis and reduction of graphite oxides", Curr. Appl. Phys., 14, SUPPL. 1 (2014). CrossRef N. Sharma, Y. Jain, , M. Kumari, R. Gupta, S.K. Sharma, K. Sachdev, "Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) for Gas Sensing Application", Macromol. Symp. 376, 1 (2017). CrossRef M. Wei, L. Qiao, , H. Zhang, S. Karakalos, K. Ma, Z. Fu, M.T. Swihart, G. Wu, "Engineering reduced graphene oxides with enhanced electrochemical properties through multiple-step reductions", Electrochim. Acta, 258 (2017). CrossRef S. Drewniak, M. Procek, R. Muzyka, T. Pustelny, "Comparison of Gas Sensing Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide Obtained by Two Different Methods", Sensors, 20, 11 (2020). CrossRef L. Li, R.-D. Lv, S. -C. Liu, Z. D. Chen, J. Wang, Y.-G. Wang, W. Ren, "Using Reduced Graphene Oxide to Generate Q-Switched Pulses in Er-Doped Fiber Laser", Chinese Physics Letters, 35, 11 (2018) CrossRef

Šiame straipsnyje tyrinėjama klasikinio daoizmo pagrindėjų - Laozi ir Zhuangzi - idėjų transformacija įtakingoje Kinijos menininkų intelektualų (wenrenhua) estetikoje. Darbas pagrįstas autentiškais šaltiniais (klasikinio daoizmo tekstais - “Laozi”, “Zhuangzi” bei tapybos teorijos ir estetikos veikalais - Gu Kaizhi “Lun hua”(“Apie tapybą”), “Hua Yuntaishan ji” (“Užrašai apie tai, kaip tapyti Debesų terasos kalną”), Zong Bingo “Hua shanshui xu” (“Įvadas į peizažinę tapybą”), Wang Wei (415-145) “Xu hua” (“Įvadas į tapybą”), Xie He “Guhua pinlu” (“Senosios tapybos principai”), Wang Wei (701-769) “Shanshui jue” (“Peizažinės tapybos paslaptys”), “Shanshui lun” (“Apie peizažinę tapybą”, Shi Tao “Kugua heshang hualu” (“Vienuolio, vardu Kartus Moliūgas, pasakojimai apie tapybą”), Su Shi, Mi Fu, Ni Zanio, Zhao Mengfu, Dong Qichango ir kt. traktatais. Remiantis daoistiniais filosofiniais-estetiniais principais (Dao, qi (gyvybinė energija), ziran (spontaniškumas, savaimingumas), pu (pirminis paprastumas), xu (tuštumas) ir kt.) bei pamatinėmis menininkų intelektualų estetikos kategorijomis (shen (dvasia), yi (idėja-mintis), qi (gyvybinė energija), ziran (spontaniškumas, savaimingumas), pu (pirminis paprastumas), sheng (gyvybė, gyvybingumas) bei jų deriniais - zhuan shen, shenqi, shengqi ir kt.) atskleidiama, kaip Laozi ir Zhuangzi idėjos iš esmės nulėmė visą tolesnę wenrenhua estetikos sklaidą.

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 《説文》籀文出自《史籀篇》，《史籀篇》的時代問题，向來頗有爭議。班固（32—92）、許慎（約58—約147）以《史籀篇》爲周宣王太史所作，歷代學者皆沿用其説，惟清末王國維别爲新説，以籀文爲戰國時西土秦國通行之文字。此後，學者紛紛重新審視籀文的時代，至今未有定論。值得注意的是，王國維以籀文爲戰國文字，乃基於其對籀文形體特點之觀察。本文針對王國維對籀文特點的看法作進一步探討，認爲王氏所描述的籀文特點大致不誤，惟他以此論定籀文爲戰國文字則難以成立。事實上，籀文的特點與西周晚期金文的風格十分相似，二者可視爲同類書體。原本《史籀篇》或取材於西周晚期之文字材料，並將字形稍加整齊化而寫成。《史籀篇》中的籀文，是太史籀在西周晚期衆多字體中確立的“正體”字。For more than two thousand years, “Zhou-wen” 籀文, as the form of character used in Shizhoupian 史籀篇, has been considered as a kind of script prevailing in the Western Zhou dynasty 西周. This viewpoint was initiated by Ban Gu 班固 (32-92 A.D) and Xu Shen 許慎 (58?-147? A.D) in the period of Eastern Han 東漢. However, in the late Qing period 晚清, by observing the style and characteristics of “Zhou-wen” presented in Shuowenjiezi 説文解字, Wang Guowei 王國維 argues that “Zhou-wen” may not belong to the period of Western Zhou, but rather is a form of character practiced in Qin 秦 of the Warring States period (475-221 B.C.). This argument leads to a point of controversy about the formulation of “Zhou-wen”. My study is an investigation of the style and characteristics of “Zhou-wen “. Comparing “Zhou-wen” with the inscriptions in Shang 商 and Zhou 周 dynasty, I conclude that the description of characteristics made by Wang Guo Wei was probably correct. Nevertheless, Wang’s judgment on the forming age of “Zhou-wen” is not precise. It is because the style and characteristics of “Zhou-wen” is similar to the inscriptions of the late Western Zhou period rather than those in the Warring State period. Hence, I believe in the traditional views initiated by Ban Gu 班固 and Xu Shen 許慎, that Shizhoupian 史籀篇 should be established in the late Western Zhou period by Tai Shi Zhou 太史籀. “Zhou-wen” should be the standardized form of character which practiced in China within that period.

Introduction & Objective: Ecnoglutide (XW003) is a cAMP signaling biased GLP-1 analog being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ecnoglutide administered for 24 weeks in adults with T2DM. Methods: We conducted a Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of ecnoglutide, enrolling 211 adults with T2DM at 33 sites in China. Participants were randomized to receive 0.6 or 1.2 mg ecnoglutide or placebo as once weekly injections for 24 weeks, including dose escalation. All participants then received ecnoglutide (0.6 or 1.2 mg) for a total duration of 52 weeks. Change in mean HbA1c, body weight, and BMI, as well as safety and tolerability were evaluated. Results: At baseline, participants had mean HbA1c of 8.54, 8.51, and 8.51% and BMI of 27.2, 26.4, and 27.2 kg/m2, for ecnoglutide 0.6, 1.2 mg, and placebo groups, respectively. After 24 weeks, participants receiving ecnoglutide achieved significant HbA1c reductions of 1.96 to 2.43% from baseline (P≤0.0003 for both cohorts vs placebo). At 24 weeks, 76.1% of participants receiving 1.2 mg ecnoglutide achieved HbA1c ≤6.5%, 35.2% had HbA1c &lt;5.7%, and 43.7% had body weight reductions ≥5% from baseline. Ecnoglutide was safe and well tolerated. The proportion of participants reporting any adverse event (AE) ranged from 77.5 to 78.3% for ecnoglutide groups and 60.6% for placebo. Four (2.9%) treatment-related ≥Grade 3 AEs and one (0.7%) treatment-related serious AE occurred in the ecnoglutide groups. One participant from each cohort discontinued due to an AE. The most frequently reported AEs were decreased appetite, diarrhea, and nausea, which were mostly mild to moderate and transient. Conclusion: Ecnoglutide resulted in robust HbA1c declines of up to 2.43% from baseline after 24 weeks of treatment in adults with T2DM, with up to 35.2% of participants reaching normoglycemia (HbA1c &lt;5.7%) and 43.7% with weight reductions ≥5%. Disclosure D. Zhu: None. W. Wang: None. G. Tong: None. J. Ma: None. B. Wen: None. X. Zheng: None. B. Shi: None. S. Pang: None. S. Bing: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences, Keymed Biosciences. Q. Zheng: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences. G. Lei: None. F. Jiang: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences, PrimeGene Biosciences. X. Liu: None. Y. Bu: None. J. Ning: None. Z. Zhu: None. L. Yang: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences. M. Yang: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences. M. Fenaux: None. M.K. Junaidi: None. S. Xu: None. Funding Sciwind Biosciences

The geometries, stabilities of VGen0/- (n = 9 - 13) clusters were systematically studied by the density functional theory (DFT) using the BP86 functional and LANL2DZ basis set. Several possible multiplicities of each cluster were tested to determine the most stable structure among the isomers. The average binding energy per atom, fragmentation energy, second order energy difference and HOMO-LUMO gaps were evaluated. The results indicated that the neutral and anionic clusters possess higher stability when n = 10 and 12. The vertical detachment energy (VDE) and adiabatic detachment energy (ADE) were also calculated for anionic cluster to investigate their stabilities. Among neutral clusters, VGe10 had both the highest vertical ionization potential (VIP) and chemical hardness. Keywords BP86/LANL2DZ, binding energy, VGen0/- clusters, structure of clusters References [1] Shunping Shi, Yiliang Liu, Chuanyu Zhang, Banglin Deng, Gang Jiang (2015). 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The curtain rose. The howling of desert wind filled the performance hall in the Shanghai Grand Theatre. Into the center stage, where a scenic construction of a mountain cliff and a desert landscape was dimly lit, entered the character of the Daoist priest Wang Yuanlu (1849–1931), performed by Chen Yizong. Dressed in a worn and dusty outfit of dark blue cotton, characteristic of Daoist priests, Wang began to sweep the floor. After a few moments, he discovered a hidden chambre sealed inside one of the rock sanctuaries carved into the cliff.Signaled by the quick, crystalline, stirring wave of sound from the chimes, a melodious Chinese ocarina solo joined in slowly from the background. Astonished by thousands of Buddhist sūtra scrolls, wall paintings, and sculptures he had just accidentally discovered in the caves, Priest Wang set his broom aside and began to examine these treasures. Dawn had not yet arrived, and the desert sky was pitch-black. Priest Wang held his oil lamp high, strode rhythmically in excitement, sat crossed-legged in a meditative pose, and unfolded a scroll. The sound of the ocarina became fuller and richer and the texture of the music more complex, as several other instruments joined in.Below is the opening scene of the award-winning, theatrical dance-drama Dunhuang, My Dreamland, created by China’s state-sponsored Lanzhou Song and Dance Theatre in 2000. Figure 1a: Poster Side A of Dunhuang, My Dreamland Figure 1b: Poster Side B of Dunhuang, My DreamlandThe scene locates the dance-drama in the rock sanctuaries that today are known as the Dunhuang Mogao Caves, housing Buddhist art accumulated over a period of a thousand years, one of the best well-known UNESCO heritages on the Silk Road. Historically a frontier metropolis, Dunhuang was a strategic site along the Silk Road in northwestern China, a crossroads of trade, and a locus for religious, cultural, and intellectual influences since the Han dynasty (206 B.C.E.–220 C.E.). Travellers, especially Buddhist monks from India and central Asia, passing through Dunhuang on their way to Chang’an (present day Xi’an), China’s ancient capital, would stop to meditate in the Mogao Caves and consult manuscripts in the monastery's library. At the same time, Chinese pilgrims would travel by foot from China through central Asia to Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, playing a key role in the exchanges between ancient China and the outside world. Travellers from China would stop to acquire provisions at Dunhuang before crossing the Gobi Desert to continue on their long journey abroad. Figure 2: Dunhuang Mogao CavesThis article approaches the idea of “abroad” by examining the present-day imagination of journeys along the Silk Road—specifically, staged performances of the various Silk Road journey-themed dance-dramas sponsored by the Chinese state for enhancing its cultural and foreign policies since the 1970s (Kuang).As ethnomusicologists have demonstrated, musicians, choreographers, and playwrights often utilise historical materials in their performances to construct connections between the past and the present (Bohlman; Herzfeld; Lam; Rees; Shelemay; Tuohy; Wade; Yung: Rawski; Watson). The ancient Silk Road, which linked the Mediterranean coast with central China and beyond, via oasis towns such as Samarkand, has long been associated with the concept of “journeying abroad.” Journeys to distant, foreign lands and encounters of unknown, mysterious cultures along the Silk Road have been documented in historical records, such as A Record of Buddhist Kingdoms (Faxian) and The Great Tang Records on the Western Regions (Xuanzang), and illustrated in classical literature, such as The Travels of Marco Polo (Polo) and the 16th century Chinese novel Journey to the West (Wu). These journeys—coming and going from multiple directions and to different destinations—have inspired contemporary staged performance for audiences around the globe.Home and Abroad: Dunhuang and the Silk RoadDunhuang, My Dreamland (2000), the contemporary dance-drama, staged the journey of a young pilgrim painter travelling from Chang’an to a land of the unfamiliar and beyond borders, in search for the arts that have inspired him. Figure 3: A scene from Dunhuang, My Dreamland showing the young pilgrim painter in the Gobi Desert on the ancient Silk RoadFar from his home, he ended his journey in Dunhuang, historically considered the northwestern periphery of China, well beyond Yangguan and Yumenguan, the bordering passes that separate China and foreign lands. Later scenes in Dunhuang, My Dreamland, portrayed through multiethnic music and dances, the dynamic interactions among merchants, cultural and religious envoys, warriors, and politicians that were making their own journey from abroad to China. The theatrical dance-drama presents a historically inspired, re-imagined vision of both “home” and “abroad” to its audiences as they watch the young painter travel along the Silk Road, across the Gobi Desert, arriving at his own ideal, artistic “homeland”, the Dunhuang Mogao Caves. Since his journey is ultimately a spiritual one, the conceptualisation of travelling “abroad” could also be perceived as “a journey home.”Staged more than four hundred times since it premiered in Beijing in April 2000, Dunhuang, My Dreamland is one of the top ten titles in China’s National Stage Project and one of the most successful theatrical dance-dramas ever produced in China. With revenue of more than thirty million renminbi (RMB), it ranks as the most profitable theatrical dance-drama ever produced in China, with a preproduction cost of six million RMB. The production team receives financial support from China’s Ministry of Culture for its “distinctive ethnic features,” and its “aim to promote traditional Chinese culture,” according to Xu Rong, an official in the Cultural Industry Department of the Ministry. Labeled an outstanding dance-drama of the Chinese nation, it aims to present domestic and international audiences with a vision of China as a historically multifaceted and cosmopolitan nation that has been in close contact with the outside world through the ancient Silk Road. Its production company has been on tour in selected cities throughout China and in countries abroad, including Austria, Spain, and France, literarily making the young pilgrim painter’s “journey along the Silk Road” a new journey abroad, off stage and in reality.Dunhuang, My Dreamland was not the first, nor is it the last, staged performances that portrays the Chinese re-imagination of “journeying abroad” along the ancient Silk Road. It was created as one of many versions of Dunhuang bihua yuewu, a genre of music, dance, and dramatic performances created in the early twentieth century and based primarily on artifacts excavated from the Mogao Caves (Kuang). “The Mogao Caves are the greatest repository of early Chinese art,” states Mimi Gates, who works to increase public awareness of the UNESCO site and raise funds toward its conservation. “Located on the Chinese end of the Silk Road, it also is the place where many cultures of the world intersected with one another, so you have Greek and Roman, Persian and Middle Eastern, Indian and Chinese cultures, all interacting. Given the nature of our world today, it is all very relevant” (Pollack). As an expressive art form, this genre has been thriving since the late 1970s contributing to the global imagination of China’s “Silk Road journeys abroad” long before Dunhuang, My Dreamland achieved its domestic and international fame. For instance, in 2004, The Thousand-Handed and Thousand-Eyed Avalokiteśvara—one of the most representative (and well-known) Dunhuang bihua yuewu programs—was staged as a part of the cultural program during the Paralympic Games in Athens, Greece. This performance, as well as other Dunhuang bihua yuewu dance programs was the perfect embodiment of a foreign religion that arrived in China from abroad and became Sinicized (Kuang). Figure 4: Mural from Dunhuang Mogao Cave No. 45A Brief History of Staging the Silk Road JourneysThe staging of the Silk Road journeys abroad began in the late 1970s. Historically, the Silk Road signifies a multiethnic, cosmopolitan frontier, which underwent incessant conflicts between Chinese sovereigns and nomadic peoples (as well as between other groups), but was strongly imbued with the customs and institutions of central China (Duan, Mair, Shi, Sima). In the twentieth century, when China was no longer an empire, but had become what the early 20th-century reformer Liang Qichao (1873–1929) called “a nation among nations,” the long history of the Silk Road and the colourful, legendary journeys abroad became instrumental in the formation of a modern Chinese nation of unified diversity rooted in an ancient cosmopolitan past. The staged Silk Road theme dance-dramas thus participate in this formation of the Chinese imagination of “nation” and “abroad,” as they aestheticise Chinese history and geography. History and geography—aspects commonly considered constituents of a nation as well as our conceptualisations of “abroad”—are “invariably aestheticized to a certain degree” (Bakhtin 208). Diverse historical and cultural elements from along the Silk Road come together in this performance genre, which can be considered the most representative of various possible stagings of the history and culture of the Silk Road journeys.In 1979, the Chinese state officials in Gansu Province commissioned the benchmark dance-drama Rain of Flowers along the Silk Road, a spectacular theatrical dance-drama praising the pure and noble friendship which existed between the peoples of China and other countries in the Tang dynasty (618-907 C.E.). While its plot also revolves around the Dunhuang Caves and the life of a painter, staged at one of the most critical turning points in modern Chinese history, the work as a whole aims to present the state’s intention of re-establishing diplomatic ties with the outside world after the Cultural Revolution. Unlike Dunhuang, My Dreamland, it presents a nation’s journey abroad and home. To accomplish this goal, Rain of Flowers along the Silk Road introduces the fictional character Yunus, a wealthy Persian merchant who provides the audiences a vision of the historical figure of Peroz III, the last Sassanian prince, who after the Arab conquest of Iran in 651 C.E., found refuge in China. By incorporating scenes of ethnic and folk dances, the drama then stages the journey of painter Zhang’s daughter Yingniang to Persia (present-day Iran) and later, Yunus’s journey abroad to the Tang dynasty imperial court as the Persian Empire’s envoy.Rain of Flowers along the Silk Road, since its debut at Beijing’s Great Hall of the People on the first of October 1979 and shortly after at the Theatre La Scala in Milan, has been staged in more than twenty countries and districts, including France, Italy, Japan, Thailand, Russia, Latvia, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and recently, in 2013, at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York.“The Road”: Staging the Journey TodayWithin the contemporary context of global interdependencies, performing arts have been used as strategic devices for social mobilisation and as a means to represent and perform modern national histories and foreign policies (Davis, Rees, Tian, Tuohy, Wong, David Y. H. Wu). The Silk Road has been chosen as the basis for these state-sponsored, extravagantly produced, and internationally staged contemporary dance programs. In 2008, the welcoming ceremony and artistic presentation at the Olympic Games in Beijing featured twenty apsara dancers and a Dunhuang bihua yuewu dancer with long ribbons, whose body was suspended in mid-air on a rectangular LED extension held by hundreds of performers; on the giant LED screen was a depiction of the ancient Silk Road.In March 2013, Chinese president Xi Jinping introduced the initiatives “Silk Road Economic Belt” and “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” during his journeys abroad in Kazakhstan and Indonesia. These initiatives are now referred to as “One Belt, One Road.” The State Council lists in details the policies and implementation plans for this initiative on its official web page, www.gov.cn. In April 2013, the China Institute in New York launched a yearlong celebration, starting with "Dunhuang: Buddhist Art and the Gateway of the Silk Road" with a re-creation of one of the caves and a selection of artifacts from the site. In March 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China’s top economic planning agency, released a new action plan outlining key details of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative. Xi Jinping has made the program a centrepiece of both his foreign and domestic economic policies. One of the central economic strategies is to promote cultural industry that could enhance trades along the Silk Road.Encouraged by the “One Belt, One Road” policies, in March 2016, The Silk Princess premiered in Xi’an and was staged at the National Centre for the Performing Arts in Beijing the following July. While Dunhuang, My Dreamland and Rain of Flowers along the Silk Road were inspired by the Buddhist art found in Dunhuang, The Silk Princess, based on a story about a princess bringing silk and silkworm-breeding skills to the western regions of China in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) has a different historical origin. The princess's story was portrayed in a woodblock from the Tang Dynasty discovered by Sir Marc Aurel Stein, a British archaeologist during his expedition to Xinjiang (now Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region) in the early 19th century, and in a temple mural discovered during a 2002 Chinese-Japanese expedition in the Dandanwulike region. Figure 5: Poster of The Silk PrincessIn January 2016, the Shannxi Provincial Song and Dance Troupe staged The Silk Road, a new theatrical dance-drama. Unlike Dunhuang, My Dreamland, the newly staged dance-drama “centers around the ‘road’ and the deepening relationship merchants and travellers developed with it as they traveled along its course,” said Director Yang Wei during an interview with the author. According to her, the show uses seven archetypes—a traveler, a guard, a messenger, and so on—to present the stories that took place along this historic route. Unbounded by specific space or time, each of these archetypes embodies the foreign-travel experience of a different group of individuals, in a manner that may well be related to the social actors of globalised culture and of transnationalism today. Figure 6: Poster of The Silk RoadConclusionAs seen in Rain of Flowers along the Silk Road and Dunhuang, My Dreamland, staging the processes of Silk Road journeys has become a way of connecting the Chinese imagination of “home” with the Chinese imagination of “abroad.” Staging a nation’s heritage abroad on contemporary stages invites a new imagination of homeland, borders, and transnationalism. Once aestheticised through staged performances, such as that of the Dunhuang bihua yuewu, the historical and topological landscape of Dunhuang becomes a performed narrative, embodying the national heritage.The staging of Silk Road journeys continues, and is being developed into various forms, from theatrical dance-drama to digital exhibitions such as the Smithsonian’s Pure Land: Inside the Mogao Grottes at Dunhuang (Stromberg) and the Getty’s Cave Temples of Dunhuang: Buddhist Art on China's Silk Road (Sivak and Hood). They are sociocultural phenomena that emerge through interactions and negotiations among multiple actors and institutions to envision and enact a Chinese imagination of “journeying abroad” from and to the country.ReferencesBakhtin, M.M. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1982.Bohlman, Philip V. “World Music at the ‘End of History’.” Ethnomusicology 46 (2002): 1–32.Davis, Sara L.M. Song and Silence: Ethnic Revival on China’s Southwest Borders. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.Duan, Wenjie. “The History of Conservation of Mogao Grottoes.” International Symposium on the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property: The Conservation of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and the Related Studies. Eds. Kuchitsu and Nobuaki. Tokyo: Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties, 1997. 1–8.Faxian. A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms. Translated by James Legge. New York: Dover Publications, 1991.Herzfeld, Michael. 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Introdução: O padrão ouro atual para detectar o RNA de SARS-CoV-2 é por reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real de transcrição reversa (RT-rtPCR) em swabs nasofaríngeos (NPS). Por esse motivo, a demanda pelos NPS aumentou e sua escassez se tornou uma realidade em muitos países. Com isso o uso da saliva se mostra uma alternativa promissora na triagem epidemiológica além de ser de fácil coleta e não invasiva. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura para avaliar o uso da saliva como um espécime alternativo para a detecção de SARS-CoV-2. Metodologia: A pesquisa sistemática foi realizada em sete bancos de dados (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Scielo, Web of Science, Scopus e Google Scholar) usando a variação dos termos de pesquisa (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR 2019-nCoV) AND "Saliva" no ano de 2020, recuperando 5480 publicações. Resultados: Após a leitura dos títulos e resumos, 411 textos foram conduzidos para leitura integral e 30 publicações foram consideradas para avaliação qualitativa do artigo. Conclusão: A saliva se apresenta um método alternativo eficaz para a detecção de SARS-CoV-2 e diagnóstico de COVID-19.Descritores: Infecções por Coronavírus; Betacoronavirus; Saliva; Diagnóstico.ReferênciasHuang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497-506.Wang L, Wang Y, Ye D, Liu Q. A review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) based on current evidence. J Antimicrob Agents 2020;105948.Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020;382:727-733.Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of V. 2020. 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This study develops procedures for cloning ITS and matK genes on six specimens in order to exploit and conserve the genetic resources of H. nepalensis and evaluate its genetic diversity based on molecular markers. The study methods include DNA extraction from dried leaf samples, amplification of ITS and matK regions using PCR, sequencing and comparing with the sequences on Genbank. The study results include a successfully-established process of cloning ITS and matK genes; successful amplification and sequencing of the ITS and matK regions. The results also show that four samples (N1-N4) were 100% homologous to H. nepalensis and H1and H2 samples were 100% homologous to H. helix. The results provide data and tools for further studies of exploitation and development of the H. nepalensis K. Koch genetic resources in Vietnam. Keywords ITS, matK, Hedera nepalensis K. Koch, PCR References [1] V.V. Chi. Dictionary of Vietnamese Medicinal Plants, Publ. 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Alloys used in engines are subjected to challenging environments characterized by thermal and mechanical cyclic loadings during start-up and shut-down processes. These conditions can significantly increase the occurrence of fatigue failure mechanisms. Therefore, this study focuses on investigating the low cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of directionally-solidified alloy at two distinct temperatures, namely 600 °C and 800 °C. Strain-controlled LCF tests were conducted at the specified temperatures, utilizing constant total strain amplitudes of 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1% under a totally reversed loading ratio (R = -1). The Coffin-Manson model, based on plastic deformation, along with a hysteresis energy-based criterion model, were employed to predict and evaluate fatigue life and LCF behavior. Notably, the hysteresis energy and Coffin-Manson models exhibited superior capability in predicting LCF life at 800 °C compared to 600 °C. REFERENCES Salehnasab, J. Marzbanrad, E. 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Abstract: The study aims to provide evidence of double nutritional burden (including malnutrition and overweight/obesity) as well as the impact of eating habits on nutritional status of preschool children at Nam Hong commune, Dong Anh district, Hanoi. Subjects of study: children aged from 24 to 60 months old at 2 preschools of Nam Hong commune. The study is divided into 2 phases: at the phase 1: a cross sectional study was applied to 1593 children; at the phase 2: a matched case-control study was applied in order to analyze effects of eating habits to nutritional status of children (1 malnourished child / 5 normal children and 1 obese overweight child / 5 normal children, matched pairs in age, sex, class). Research results: the percentage of children with normal nutritional status is 86.8%, however, Nam Hong still suffer a double burden of nutrition when the rate of malnourished children is still high (accounting for 4.2%) and overweight/obesity children is 9.0%, in which the rate of overweight and obesity children in boys is higher than girls (10.9% compared with 6.7%, respectively). Eating characteristics affect malnutrition status of children including: loss appetite (OR=4.3), slowness in eating (OR=2.23), enjoyment of food score (OR=0.69), desire to drink score (OR=0.82). Eating characteristics affect the overweight/obesity child’s include: appetite characteristics (OR=4.24), loss appetite (OR=0.43), fast eating (OR=2.56), slowness eating (OR=0.43), eating more (OR=6.78), eating less (OR=0.31), prefer fat (OR=2.18), food responsiveness score (OR=1.59), enjoyment of food score (OR=1.8), satiety responsiveness score (OR=0.51), slowness in eating score (OR=0.05), emotional under eating score (OR=0.67), food fussioness score (OR=0.72). Keywords Double burdens, malnutrition, overweight/obesity, Nam Hong commune, Dong Anh. References [1] L.T. Huong, N.T. Linh, N.T.T. Ha, Nutritional status and cognitive development of children under 6 in urban, rural and mountainous area of the north in 2012, Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 10 (2014) 67-74 (in Vietnamese). http://viendinhduong.vn/research/detail?id=620&catName=cac-de-tai-va-xuat-ban-pham&lang=vi[2] N.T.T. Thu, L.T. Tuyet, Anthropometric characteristics and nutritional status in 24 - 59 months children in Hanoi city, Thanh Hoa province and Phu Tho province in 2018, HNUE Journal of Science, Natural Sciences 3 (2018) 150-157. (in Vietnamese). https://doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2018-0016. http://stdb.hnue.edu.vn/portal/journals.php?articleid=5149.[3] N.T.T. Thu, L.T.T. Dung, L.T Tuyet, Nutritional status: the trends of preschool children aged 10–60 months in the north of Vietnam, Health Risk Analysis 4 (2018). https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2018.4.06.eng[4] N.H. Trang, T.K. Hong, M.J. Dibley, Cohort profile: Ho Chi Minh City Youth Cohortdchanges in diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and relationship with overweight/obesity in adolescents, BMJ Open 2 (2012) e000362. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000362[5] WHO, fact sheet, 2019. Infant and young child feeding, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs342/en/ (accessed 6/2019). 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Wang, Factors contributing to sex differences in childhood obesity prevalence in China, Public Health Nutr 21 (2018) 2056-2064. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018000290.[19] H. Ochiai, T. Shirasawa, R. Nishimura, A. Morimoto, N. Shimada, T. Ohtsu, M. Hashimoto, H. Hoshino, N. Tajima, A. Kokaze, Eating behavior and childhood overweight among population-based elementary school children in Japan, Int J Environ Res Public Health 9 (2012) 1398-1410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9041398.[20] L.T. Tuyet, B.T Nhung, T.Q Binh, Association of some eating behaviour characteristics and sedentary lifestyle with obesity among Hanoi primary school boy in 2012, VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology 31 (2), 60-66 (in Vietnamese). https://js.vnu.edu.vn/NST/article/view/76.[21] W. Labree W., D. van de Mheen, F. Rutten, G. Rodenburg, G. Koopmans, M. 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We review our recent work on optical biosensors based on microring resonators (MRR) integrated with 4x4 multimode interference (MMI) couplers for multichannel and highly sensitive chemical and biological sensors. The proposed sensor structure has advantages of compactness, high sensitivity compared with the reported sensing structures. By using the transfer matrix method (TMM) and numerical simulations, the designs of the sensor based on silicon waveguides are optimized and demonstrated in detail. We applied our structure to detect glucose and ethanol concentrations simultaneously. A high sensitivity of 9000 nm/RIU, detection limit of 2x10-4 for glucose sensing and sensitivity of 6000nm/RIU, detection limit of 1.3x10-5 for ethanol sensing are achieved. Keywords Biological sensors, chemical sensors, optical microring resonators, high sensitivity, multimode interference, transfer matrix method, beam propagation method (BPM), multichannel sensor References [1] Vittorio M.N. 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IntroductionIn this article, I set out to accomplish two tasks. The first is to map coffee and cafés in Mainland China in different historical periods. The second is to focus on coffee and cafés in the socio-cultural milieu of contemporary China in order to understand the symbolic value of the emerging coffee/café-scape. Cafés, rather than coffee, are at the centre of this current trend in contemporary Chinese cities. With instant coffee dominating as a drink, the Chinese have developed a cultural and social demand for cafés, but have not yet developed coffee palates. Historical Coffee Map In 1901, coffee was served in a restaurant in the city of Tianjin. This restaurant, named Kiessling, was run by a German chef, a former solider who came to China with the eight-nation alliance. At that time, coffee was reserved mostly for foreign politicians and military officials as well as wealthy businessmen—very few ordinary Chinese drank it. (For more history of Kiessling, including pictures and videos, see Kiessling). Another group of coffee consumers were from the cultural elites—the young revolutionary intellectuals and writers with overseas experience. It was almost a fashion among the literary elite to spend time in cafés. However, this was negatively judged as “Western” and “bourgeois.” For example, in 1932, Lu Xun, one of the most important twentieth century Chinese writers, commented on the café fashion during 1920s (133-36), and listed the reasons why he would not visit one. He did not drink coffee because it was “foreigners’ food”, and he was too busy writing for the kind of leisure enjoyed in cafés. Moreover, he did not, he wrote, have the nerve to go to a café, and particularly not the Revolutionary Café that was popular among cultural celebrities at that time. He claimed that the “paradise” of the café was for genius, and for handsome revolutionary writers (who he described as having red lips and white teeth, whereas his teeth were yellow). His final complaint was that even if he went to the Revolutionary Café, he would hesitate going in (Lu Xun 133-36). From Lu Xun’s list, we can recognise his nationalism and resistance to what were identified as Western foods and lifestyles. It is easy to also feel his dissatisfaction with those dilettante revolutionary intellectuals who spent time in cafés, talking and enjoying Western food, rather than working. In contrast to Lu Xun’s resistance to coffee and café culture, another well-known writer, Zhang Ailing, frequented cafés when she lived in Shanghai from the 1920s to 1950s. She wrote about the smell of cakes and bread sold in Kiessling’s branch store located right next to her parents’ house (Yuyue). Born into a wealthy family, exposed to Western culture and food at a very young age, Zhang Ailing liked to spend her social and writing time in cafés, ordering her favourite cakes, hot chocolate, and coffee. When she left Shanghai and immigrated to the USA, coffee was an important part of her writing life: the smell and taste reminding her of old friends and Shanghai (Chunzi). However, during Zhang’s time, it was still a privileged and elite practice to patronise a café when these were located in foreign settlements with foreign chefs, and served mainly foreigners, wealthy businessmen, and cultural celebrities. After 1949, when the Chinese Communist Party established the People’s Republic of China, until the late 1970s, there were no coffee shops in Mainland China. It was only when Deng Xiaoping suggested neo-liberalism as a so-called “reform-and-open-up” economic policy that foreign commerce and products were again seen in China. In 1988, ten years after the implementation of Deng Xiaoping’s policy, the Nestlé coffee company made the first inroads into the mainland market, featuring homegrown coffee beans in Yunnan province (China Beverage News; Dong; ITC). Nestlé’s bottled instant coffee found its way into the Chinese market, avoiding a direct challenge to the tea culture. Nestlé packaged its coffee to resemble health food products and marketed it as a holiday gift suitable for friends and relatives. As a symbol of modernity and “the West”, coffee-as-gift meshed with the traditional Chinese cultural custom that values gift giving. It also satisfied a collective desire for foreign products (and contact with foreign cultures) during the economic reform era. Even today, with its competitively low price, instant coffee dominates coffee consumption at home, in the workplace, and on Chinese airlines. While Nestlé aimed their product at native Chinese consumers, the multinational companies who later entered China’s coffee market, such as Sara Lee, mainly targeted international hotels such as IHG, Marriott, and Hyatt. The multinationals also favoured coffee shops like Kommune in Shanghai that offered more sophisticated kinds of coffee to foreign consumers and China’s upper class (Byers). If Nestlé introduced coffee to ordinary Chinese families, it was Starbucks who introduced the coffee-based “third space” to urban life in contemporary China on a signficant scale. Differing from the cafés before 1949, Starbucks stores are accessible to ordinary Chinese citizens. The first in Mainland China opened in Beijing’s China World Trade Center in January 1999, targeting mainly white-collar workers and foreigners. Starbucks coffee shops provide a space for informal business meetings, chatting with friends, and relaxing and, with its 500th store opened in 2011, dominate the field in China. Starbucks are located mainly in the central business districts and airports, and the company plans to have 1,500 sites by 2015 (Starbucks). Despite this massive presence, Starbucks constitutes only part of the café-scape in contemporary Chinese cities. There are two other kinds of cafés. One type is usually located in universities or residential areas and is frequented mainly by students or locals working in cultural professions. A representative of this kind is Sculpting in Time Café. In November 1997, two years before the opening of the first Starbucks in Beijing, two newlywed college graduates opened the first small Sculpting in Time Café near Beijing University’s East Gate. This has been expanded into a chain, and boasts 18 branches on the Mainland. (For more about its history, see Sculpting in Time Café). Interestingly, both Starbucks and Sculpting in Time Café acquired their names from literature, Starbucks from Moby Dick, and Sculpting in Time from the Russian filmmaker Andrei Tarkovsky’s film diary of the same name. For Chinese students of literature and the arts, drinking coffee is less about acquiring more energy to accomplish their work, and more about entering a sensual world, where the aroma of coffee mixes with the sounds from the coffee machine and music, as well as the lighting of the space. More importantly, cafés with this ambience become, in themselves, cultural sites associated with literature, films, and music. Owners of this kind of café are often lovers of foreign literatures, films, and cultures, and their cafés host various cultural events, including forums, book clubs, movie screenings, and music clubs. Generally speaking, coffee served in this kind of café is simpler than in the kind discussed below. This third type of café includes those located in tourist and entertainment sites such as art districts, bar areas, and historical sites, and which are frequented by foreign and native tourists, artists and other cultural workers. If Starbucks cultivates a fast-paced business/professional atmosphere, and Sculpting in Time Cafés an artsy and literary atmosphere, this third kind of café is more like an upscale “bar” with trained baristas serving complicated coffees and emphasising their flavour. These coffee shops are more expensive than the other kinds, with an average price three times that of Starbucks. Currently, cafés of this type are found only in “first-tier” cities and usually located in art districts and tourist areas—such as Beijing’s 798 Art District and Nanluo Guxiang, Shanghai’s Tai Kang Road (a.k.a. “the art street”), and Hangzhou’s Westlake area. While Nestlé and Starbucks use coffee beans grown in Yunnan provinces, these “art cafés” are more inclined to use imported coffee beans from suppliers like Sara Lee. Coffee and Cafés in Contemporary China After just ten years, there are hundreds of cafés in Chinese cities. Why has there been such a demand for coffee or, more accurately, cafés, in such a short period of time? The first reason is the lack of “third space” environments in Mainland China. Before cafés appeared in the late 1990s, stores like KFC (which opened its first store in 1987) and McDonald’s (with its first store opened in 1990) filled this role for urban residents, providing locations where customers could experience Western food, meet friends, work, or read. In fact, KFC and McDonald’s were once very popular with college students looking for a place to study. Both stores had relatively clean food environments and good lighting. They also had air conditioning in the summer and heating in the winter, which are not provided in most Chinese university dormitories. However, since neither chain was set up to be a café and customers occupying seats for long periods while ordering minimal amounts of food or drink affected profits, staff members began to indirectly ask customers to leave after dining. At the same time, as more people were able to afford to eat at KFC and McDonald’s, their fast foods were also becoming more and more popular, especially among young people. As a consequence, both types of chain restaurant were becoming noisy and crowded and, thus, no longer ideal for reading, studying, or meeting with friends. Although tea has been a traditional drink in Chinese culture, traditional teahouses were expensive places more suitable for business meetings or for the cultural or intellectual elite. Since almost every family owns a tea set and can readily purchase tea, friends and family would usually make and consume tea at home. In recent years, however, new kinds of teahouses have emerged, similar in style to cafés, targeting the younger generation with more affordable prices and a wider range of choices, so the lack of a “third space” does not fully explain the café boom. Another factor affecting the popularity of cafés has been the development and uptake of Internet technology, including the increasing use of laptops and wireless Internet in recent years. The Internet has been available in China since the late 1990s, while computers and then laptops entered ordinary Chinese homes in the early twenty-first century. The IT industry has created not only a new field of research and production, but has also fostered new professions and demands. Particularly, in recent years in Mainland China, a new socially acceptable profession—freelancing in such areas as graphic design, photography, writing, film, music, and the fashion industry—has emerged. Most freelancers’ work is computer- and Internet-based. Cafés provide suitable working space, with wireless service, and the bonus of coffee that is, first of all, somatically stimulating. In addition, the emergence of the creative and cultural industries (which are supported by the Chinese government) has created work for these freelancers and, arguably, an increasing demand for café-based third spaces where such people can meet, talk and work. Furthermore, the flourishing of cafés in first-tier cities is part of the “aesthetic economy” (Lloyd 24) that caters to the making and selling of lifestyle experience. Alongside foreign restaurants, bars, galleries, and design firms, cafés contribute to city branding, and link a city to the global urban network. Cafés, like restaurants, galleries and bars, provide a space for the flow of global commodities, as well as for the human flow of tourists, travelling artists, freelancers, and cultural specialists. Finally, cafés provide a type of service that contributes to friendly owner/waiter-customer relations. During the planned-economy era, most stores and hotels in China were State-owned, staff salaries were not related to individual performance, and indifferent (and even unfriendly) service was common. During the economic reform era, privately owned stores and shops began to replace State-owned ones. At the same time, a large number of people from the countryside flowed into the cities seeking opportunities. Most had little if any professional training and so could only find work in factories or in the service industry. However, most café employees are urban, with better educational backgrounds, and many were already familiar with coffee culture. In addition, café owners, particularly those of places like Sculpting in Time Cafe, often invest in creating a positive, community atmosphere, learning about their customers and sharing personal experiences with their regular clients. This leads to my next point—the generation of the 1980s’ need for a social community. Cafés’ Symbolic Value—Community A demand for a sense of community among the generation of the 1980s is a unique socio-cultural phenomenon in China, which paradoxically co-exists with their desire for individualism. Mao Zedong started the “One Child Policy” in 1979 to slow the rapid population growth in China, and the generations born under this policy are often called “the lonely generations,” with both parents working full-time. At the same time, they are “the generation of me,” labelled as spoiled, self-centred, and obsessed with consumption (de Kloet; Liu; Rofel; Wang). The individuals of this generation, now aged in their 20s and 30s, constitute the primary consumers of coffee in China. Whereas individualism is an important value to them, a sense of community is also desirable in order to compensate for their lack of siblings. Furthermore, the 1980s’ generation has also benefitted from the university expansion policy implemented in 1999. Since then, China has witnessed a surge of university students and graduates who not only received scientific and other course-based knowledge, but also had a better chance to be exposed to foreign cultures through their books, music, and movies. With this interesting tension between individualism and collectivism, the atmosphere provided by cafés has fostered a series of curious temporary communities built on cultural and culinary taste. Interestingly, it has become an aspiration of many young college students and graduates to open a community-space style café in a city. One of the best examples is the new Henduoren’s (Many People’s) Café. This was a project initiated by Wen Erniu, a recent college graduate who wanted to open a café in Beijing but did not have sufficient funds to do so. She posted a message on the Internet, asking people to invest a minimum of US$316 to open a café with her. With 78 investors, the café opened in September 2011 in Beijing (see pictures of Henduoren’s Café). In an interview with the China Daily, Wen Erniu stated that, “To open a cafe was a dream of mine, but I could not afford it […] We thought opening a cafe might be many people’s dream […] and we could get together via the Internet to make it come true” (quoted in Liu 2011). Conclusion: Café Culture and (Instant) Coffee in China There is a Chinese saying that, if you hate someone—just persuade him or her to open a coffee shop. Since cafés provide spaces where one can spend a relatively long time for little financial outlay, owners have to increase prices to cover their expenses. This can result in fewer customers. In retaliation, cafés—particularly those with cultural and literary ambience—host cultural events to attract people, and/or they offer food and wine along with coffee. The high prices, however, remain. In fact, the average price of coffee in China is often higher than in Europe and North America. For example, a medium Starbucks’ caffè latte in China averaged around US$4.40 in 2010, according to the price list of a Starbucks outlet in Shanghai—and the prices has recently increased again (Xinhua 2012). This partially explains why instant coffee is still so popular in China. A bag of instant Nestlé coffee cost only some US$0.25 in a Beijing supermarket in 2010, and requires only hot water, which is accessible free almost everywhere in China, in any restaurant, office building, or household. As an habitual, addictive treat, however, coffee has not yet become a customary, let alone necessary, drink for most Chinese. Moreover, while many, especially those of the older generations, could discern the quality and varieties of tea, very few can judge the quality of the coffee served in cafés. As a result, few Mainland Chinese coffee consumers have a purely somatic demand for coffee—craving its smell or taste—and the highly sweetened and creamed instant coffee offered by companies like Nestlé or Maxwell has largely shaped the current Chinese palate for coffee. Ben Highmore has proposed that “food spaces (shops, restaurants and so on) can be seen, for some social agents, as a potential space where new ‘not-me’ worlds are encountered” (396) He continues to expand that “how these potential spaces are negotiated—the various affective registers of experience (joy, aggression, fear)—reflect the multicultural shapes of a culture (its racism, its openness, its acceptance of difference)” (396). Cafés in contemporary China provide spaces where one encounters and constructs new “not-me” worlds, and more importantly, new “with-me” worlds. While café-going communicates an appreciation and desire for new lifestyles and new selves, it can be hoped that in the near future, coffee will also be appreciated for its smell, taste, and other benefits. Of course, it is also necessary that future Chinese coffee consumers also recognise the rich and complex cultural, political, and social issues behind the coffee economy in the era of globalisation. 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Indonesian EFL students faced online teaching and learning in such a rapid process. Therefore, this research was carried out to search for EFL students in Indonesia about their responses on teaching and learning online. This research applied the action research method with the paradigm of quantitative descriptive approach. Data for this research was collected via an online questionnaire, distributed to one class size sample consisting of 32 students in the even semester of the 2019/2020 academic year at one of the private colleges in the West Sumatra province of Indonesia. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, especially the percentage of each item available in the questionnaire. Findings of this research show that the respondents, or the students, had their evaluation toward the online teaching and learning. 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This paper provides embedded, reflective practice-based insight arising from my experience collaborating to produce online and print-on-demand editions of a magazine showcasing the photography of members of haphazart! Contemporary Abstracts group (hereafter referred to as haphazart!). The group’s online visual, textual and activity-based practices via the photo sharing social networking site Flickr are portrayed as achieving cohesive visual identity. Stylistic analysis of pictures in support of this claim is not attempted. Rather negotiation, that Elliot has previously described in M/C Journal as innate in collaboration, is identified as the unifying factor. However, the collaborators’ adherence to Flickr’s communication platform proves problematic in the editorial context. Some technical incoherence with possible broader cultural implications is encountered during the process of repurposing images from screen to print. A Scan of Relevant Literature The photographic gaze perceives and captures objects which seem to ‘carry within them ready-made’ a work of art. But the reminiscences of the gaze are only made possible by knowing and associating with groups that define a tradition. The list of valorised subjects is not actually defined with reference to a culture, but rather by familiarity with a limited group. (Chamboredon 144) As part of the array of socio-cultural practices afforded by Web 2.0 interoperability, sites of produsage (Bruns) are foci for studies originating in many disciplines. Flickr provides a rich source of data that researchers interested in the interface between the technological and the social find useful to analyse. Access to the Flickr application programming interface enables quantitative researchers to observe a variety of means by which information is propagated, disseminated and shared. Some findings from this kind of research confirm the intuitive. For example, Negoecsu et al. find that “a large percentage of users engage in sharing with groups and that they do so significantly” ("Analyzing Flickr Groups" 425). They suggest that Flickr’s Groups feature appears to “naturally bring together two key aspects of social media: content and relations.” They also find evidence for what they call hyper-groups, which are “communities consisting of groups of Flickr groups” ("Flickr Hypergroups" 813). Two separate findings from another research team appear to contradict each other. On one hand, describing what they call “social cascades,” Cha et al. claim that “content in the form of ideas, products, and messages spreads across social networks like a virus” ("Characterising Social Cascades"). Yet in 2009 they claim that homocity and reciprocity ensure that “popularity of pictures is localised” ("Measurement-Driven Analysis"). Mislove et al. reflect that the affordances of Flickr influence the growth patterns they observe. There is optimism shared by some empiricists that through collation and analysis of Flickr tag data, the matching of perceptual structures of images and image annotation techniques will yield ontology-based taxonomy useful in automatic image annotation and ultimately, the Semantic Web endeavour (Kennedy et al.; Su et al.; Xu et al.). Qualitative researchers using ethnographic interview techniques also find Flickr a valuable resource. In concluding that the photo sharing hobby is for many a “serious leisure” activity, Cox et al. propose that “Flickr is not just a neutral information system but also value laden and has a role within a wider cultural order.” They also suggest that “there is genuinely greater scope for individual creativity, releasing the individual to explore their own identity in a way not possible with a camera club.” Davies claims that “online spaces provide an arena where collaboration over meanings can be transformative, impacting on how individuals locate themselves within local and global contexts” (550). She says that through shared ways of describing and commenting on images, Flickrites develop a common criticality in their endeavour to understand images, each other and their world (554).From a psychologist’s perspective, Suler observes that “interpersonal relationships rarely form and develop by images alone” ("Image, Word, Action" 559). He says that Flickr participants communicate in three dimensions: textual (which he calls “verbal”), visual, and via the interpersonal actions that the site affords, such as Favourites. This latter observation can surely be supplemented by including the various games that groups configure within the constraints of the discussion forums. These often include submissions to a theme and voting to select a winning image. Suler describes the place in Flickr where one finds identity as one’s “cyberpsychological niche” (556). However, many participants subscribe to multiple groups—45.6% of Flickrites who share images share them with more than 20 groups (Negoescu et al., "Analyzing Flickr Groups" 420). Is this a reflection of the existence of the hyper-groups they describe (2009) or, of the ranging that people do in search of a niche? It is also probable that some people explore more than a singular identity or visual style. Harrison and Bartell suggest that there are more interesting questions than why users create media products or what motivates them to do so: the more interesting questions center on understanding what users will choose to do ultimately with [Web2.0] capabilities [...] in what terms to define the success of their efforts, and what impact the opportunity for individual and collaborative expression will have on the evolution of communicative forms and character. (167) This paper addresseses such questions. It arises from a participatory observational context which differs from that of the research described above. It is intended that a different perspective about online group-based participation within the Flickr social networking matrix will avail. However, it will be seen that the themes cited in this introductory review prove pertinent. Context As a university teacher of a range of subjects in the digital media field, from contemporary photomedia to social media to collaborative multimedia practice, it is entirely appropriate that I embed myself in projects that engage, challenge and provide me with relevant first-hand experience. As an academic I also undertake and publish research. As a practicing new media artist I exhibit publically on a regular basis and consider myself semi-professional with respect to this activity. While there are common elements to both approaches to research, this paper is written more from the point of view of ‘reflective practice’ (Holmes, "Reconciling Experimentum") rather than ‘embedded ethnography’ (Pink). It is necessarily and unapologetically reflexive. Abstract Photography Hyper-Group A search of all Flickr groups using the query “abstract” is currently likely to return around 14,700 results. However, only in around thirty of them does the group name, its stated rules and, the stream of images that flow through the pool arguably reflect a sense of collective concept and aesthetic that is coherently abstract. This loose complex of groups comprises a hyper-group. Members of these groups often have co-memberships, reciprocal contacts, and regularly post images to a range of groups and comment on others’ posts to be found throughout. Given that one of Flickr’s largest groups, Black and White, currently has around 131,150 members and hosts 2,093,241 items in its pool, these abstract special interest groups are relatively small. The largest, Abstract Photos, has 11,338 members and hosts 89,306 items in its pool. The group that is the focus of this paper, haphazart!, currently has 2,536 members who have submitted 53,309 items. The group pool is more like a constantly flowing river because the most recently added images are foremost. Older images become buried in an archive of pages which cannot be reverse accessed at a rate greater than the seven pages linked from a current view. A member’s presence is most immediate through images posted to a pool. This structural feature of Flickr promotes a desire for currency; a need to post regularly to maintain presence. Negotiating Coherence to the Abstract The self-managing social dynamics in groups has, as Suler proposes to be the case for individuals, three dimensions: visual, textual and action. A group integrates the diverse elements, relationships and values which cumulatively constitute its identity with contributions from members in these dimensions. First impressions of that identity are usually derived from the group home page which consists of principal features: the group name, a selection of twelve most recent posts to the pool, some kind of description, a selection of six of the most recent discussion topics, and a list of rules (if any). In some of these groups, what is considered to constitute an abstract photographic image is described on the group home page. In some it is left to be contested and becomes the topic of ongoing forum debates. In others the specific issue is not discussed—the images are left to speak for themselves. Administrators of some groups require that images are vetted for acceptance. In haphazart! particular administrators dutifully delete from the pool on a regular basis any images that they deem not to comply with the group ethic. Whether reasons are given or not is left to the individual prosecutor. Mostly offending images just disappear from the group pool without trace. These are some of the ways that the coherence of a group’s visual identity is established and maintained. Two groups out of the abstract photography hyper-group are noteworthy in that their discussion forums are particularly active. A discussion is just the start of a new thread and may have any number of posts under it. At time of writing Abstract Photos has 195 discussions and haphazart! — the most talkative by this measure—has 333. Haphazart! invites submissions of images to regularly changing themes. There is always lively and idiosyncratic banter in the forum over the selection of a theme. To be submitted an image needs to be identified by a specific theme tag as announced on the group home page. The tag can be added by the photographer themselves or by anyone else who deems the image appropriate to the theme. An exhibition process ensues. Participant curators search all Flickr items according to the theme tag and select from the outcome images they deem to most appropriately and abstractly address the theme. Copies of the images together with comments by the curators are posted to a dedicated discussion board. Other members may also provide responses. This activity forms an ongoing record that may serve as a public indicator of the aesthetic that underlies the group’s identity. In Abstract Photos there is an ongoing discussion forum where one can submit an image and request that the moderators rule as to whether or not the image is ‘abstract’. The same group has ongoing discussions labelled “Hall of Appropriate” where worthy images are reposted and celebrated and, “Hall of Inappropriate” where images posted to the group pool have been removed and relegated because abstraction has been “so far stretched from its definition that it now resides in a parallel universe” (Askin). Reasons are mostly courteously provided. In haphazart! a relatively small core of around twelve group members regularly contribute to the group discussion board. A curious aspect of this communication is that even though participants present visually with a ‘buddy icon’ and most with a screen name not their real name, it is usual practice to address each other in discussions by their real Christian names, even when this is not evident in a member’s profile. This seems to indicate a common desire for authenticity. The makeup of the core varies from time to time depending on other activities in a member’s life. Although one or two may be professionally or semi-professionally engaged as photographers or artists or academics, most of these people would likely consider themselves to be “serious amateurs” (Cox). They are internationally dispersed with bias to the US, UK, Europe and Australia. English is the common language though not the natural tongue of some. The age range is approximately 35 to 65 and the gender mix 50/50. The group is three years old. Where Do We Go to from Here? In early January 2009 the haphazart! core was sparked into a frenzy of discussion by a post from a member headed “Where do we go to from here?” A proposal was mooted to produce a ‘book’ featuring images and texts representative of the group. Within three days a new public group with invited membership dedicated to the idea had been established. A smaller working party then retreated to a private Flickr group. Four months later Issue One of haphazart! magazine was available in print-on-demand and online formats. Following however is a brief critically reflective review of some of the collaborative curatorial, editorial and production processes for Issue Two which commenced in early June 2009. Most of the team had also been involved with Issue One. I was the only newcomer and replaced the person who had undertaken the design for Issue One. I was not provided access to the prior private editorial ruminations but apparently the collaborative curatorial and editorial decision-making practices the group had previously established persisted, and these took place entirely within the discussion forums of a new dedicated private Flickr group. Over a five-month period there were 1066 posts in 54 discussions concerning matters such as: change of format from the previous; selection of themes, artists and images; conduct of and editing of interviews; authoring of texts; copyright and reproduction. The idiom of those communications can be described as: discursive, sporadic, idiosyncratic, resourceful, collegial, cooperative, emphatic, earnest and purposeful. The selection process could not be said to follow anything close to a shared manifesto, or articulation of style. It was established that there would be two primary themes: the square format and contributors’ use of colour. Selection progressed by way of visual presentation and counter presentation until some kind of consensus was reached often involving informal votes of preference. Stretching the Limits of the Flickr Social Tools The magazine editorial collaborators continue to use the facilities with which they are familiar from regular Flickr group participation. However, the strict vertically linear format of the Flickr discussion format is particularly unsuited to lengthy, complex, asynchronous, multithreaded discussion. For this purpose it causes unnecessary strain, fatigue and confusion. Where images are included, the forums have set and maximum display sizes and are not flexibly configured into matrixes. Images cannot readily be communally changed or moved about like texts in a wiki. Likewise, the Flickrmail facility is of limited use for specialist editorial processes. Attachments cannot be added. This opinion expressed by a collaborator in the initial, open discussion for Issue One prevailed among Issue Two participants: do we want the members to go to another site to observe what is going on with the magazine? if that’s ok, then using google groups or something like that might make sense; if we want others to observe (and learn from) the process - we may want to do it here [in Flickr]. (Valentine) The opinion appears socially constructive; but because the final editorial process and production processes took place in a separate private forum, ultimately the suggested learning between one issue and the next did not take place. During Issue Two development the reluctance to try other online collaboration tools for the selection processes requiring visual comparative evaluation of images and trials of sequencing adhered. A number of ingenious methods of working within Flickr were devised and deployed and, in my opinion, proved frustratingly impractical and inefficient. The digital layout, design, collation and formatting of images and texts, all took place on my personal computer using professional software tools. Difficulties arose in progressively sharing this work for the purposes of review, appraisal and proofing. Eventually I ignored protests and insisted the team review demonstrations I had converted for sharing in Google Documents. But, with only one exception, I could not tempt collaborators to try commenting or editing in that environment. For example, instead of moving the sequence of images dynamically themselves, or even typing suggestions directly into Google Documents, they would post responses in Flickr. To Share and to Hold From the first imaginings of Issue One the need to have as an outcome something in one’s hands was expressed and this objective is apparently shared by all in the haphazart! core as an ongoing imperative. Various printing options have been nominated, discussed and evaluated. In the end one print-on-demand provider was selected on the basis of recommendation. The ethos of haphazart! is clearly not profit-making and conflicts with that of the printing organisation. Presumably to maintain an incentive to purchase the print copy online preview is restricted to the first 15 pages. To satisfy the co-requisite to make available the full 120 pages for free online viewing a second host that specialises in online presentation of publications is also utilised. In this way haphazart! members satisfy their common desires for sharing selected visual content and ideas with an online special interest audience and, for a physical object of art to relish—with all the connotations of preciousness, fetish, talisman, trophy, and bookish notions of haptic pleasure and visual treasure. The irony of publishing a frozen chunk of the ever-flowing Flickriver, whose temporally changing nature is arguably one of its most interesting qualities, is not a consideration. Most of them profess to be simply satisfying their own desire for self expression and would eschew any critical judgement as to whether this anarchic and discursive mode of operation results in a coherent statement about contemporary photographic abstraction. However there remains a distinct possibility that a number of core haphazart!ists aspire to transcend: popular taste; the discernment encouraged in camera clubs; and, the rhetoric of those involved professionally (Bourdieu et al.); and seek to engage with the “awareness of illegitimacy and the difficulties implied by the constitution of photography as an artistic medium” (Chamboredon 130). Incoherence: A Technical Note My personal experience of photography ranges from the filmic to the digital (Holmes, "Bridging Adelaide"). For a number of years I specialised in facsimile graphic reproduction of artwork. In those days I became aware that films were ‘blind’ to the psychophysical affect of some few particular paint pigments. They just could not be reproduced. Even so, as I handled the dozens of images contributed to haphazart!2, converting them from the pixellated place where Flickr exists to the resolution and gamut of the ink based colour space of books, I was surprised at the number of hue values that exist in the former that do not translate into the latter. In some cases the affect is subtle so that judicious tweaking of colour levels or local colour adjustment will satisfy discerning comparison between the screenic original and the ‘soft proof’ that simulates the printed outcome. In other cases a conversion simply does not compute. I am moved to contemplate, along with Harrison and Bartell (op. cit.) just how much of the experience of media in the shared digital space is incomparably new? Acknowledgement Acting on the advice of researchers experienced in cyberethnography (Bruckman; Suler, "Ethics") I have obtained the consent of co-collaborators to comment freely on proceedings that took place in a private forum. 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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus , is causing a serious worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of strains with rapid spread and unpredictable changes is the cause of the increase in morbidity and mortality rates. A number of drugs as well as vaccines are currently being used to relieve symptoms, prevent and treat the disease caused by this virus. However, the number of approved drugs is still very limited due to their effectiveness and side effects. In such a situation, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds are considered a highly valuable source in the development of new antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes medicinal plants and bioactive compounds that have been shown to act on molecular targets involved in the infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2. Keywords: Medicinal plants, bioactive compounds, antivirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 References [1] R. Lu, X. Zhao, J. Li, P. Niu, B. Yang, H. 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