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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Yarra Yarra Catchment"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 1 de fevereiro de 2022

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Serena, M., e G. A. Williams. "Distribution and Demographic Attributes of Platypus Populations Near Melbourne." Australian Mammalogy 20, n.º 2 (1998): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98329.

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Information on platypus populations occurring along streams in the Melbourne region was collected by mark- release studies in the period I989-I996. In all, 256 records of animals were obtained along waterways in the Yarra River, Maribyrnong River and Dandenong Creek catchments. Ornilhorhynchus anatinus were captured at approximately one-quarter of the sites sampled by fyke nets, with animals encountered to within about 15 km of inner Melbourne. Evidence of reproduction was obtained along seven waterways in the Yarra River catchment (Badger Creek, Watts River/Graceburn Creek, Olinda Creek, Mullum Mullum Creek, Diamond Creek, Plenty River/Jacks Creek and the Yarra River itself) as well as Monbulk Creek in the Oandenong Creek catchment. The earliest date on which a juvenile was captured at any site was 24 February. Across populations, sex ratio (expressed as the number of adult or subadult females per adult male) tended to be positively correlated with population density. In all seasons, nearly all animals were found to be in moderate to good physical condition (i.e. tail fat index = 2 or 3). The three thinnest individuals encountered in this study were adult females captured in March, at least two of which were lactating. Along the Watts River and Mullum Mullum Creek, six individuals (comprising about 10% of animals captured) had one or more pieces of plastic or rubber litter caught around their neck or thorax.

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Adhikary, Sajal Kumar, Abdullah Gokhan Yilmaz e Nitin Muttil. "Optimal design of rain gauge network in the Middle Yarra River catchment, Australia". Hydrological Processes 29, n.º 11 (3 de dezembro de 2014): 2582–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10389.

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Daly, E., P. Kolotelo, C. Schang, C. A. Osborne, R. Coleman, A. Deletic e D. T. McCarthy. "Escherichia coli concentrations and loads in an urbanised catchment: The Yarra River, Australia". Journal of Hydrology 497 (agosto de 2013): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.024.

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Barua, Shishutosh, A. W. M. Ng e B. J. C. Perera. "Comparative Evaluation of Drought Indexes: Case Study on the Yarra River Catchment in Australia". Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 137, n.º 2 (março de 2011): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000105.

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Howard, N. H. "Recreational Use Considerations of the Sugarloaf Reservoir (Melbourne, Australia)". Water Science and Technology 21, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 1989): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0059.

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Sugarloaf Reservoir, one of Melbourne's newer storages, draws an increasing proportion of its water from the unprotected and polluted lower Yarra requiring all supply to be comprehensively treated before being supplied to consumers. Because of this special situation, compared to harvesting from protected catchments, a recreational use study of the reservoir and its small natural catchment was initiated. The first phase of this study was undertaken by Dr J Forsyth of the Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, University of Melbourne which recommended that, from the public health point of view, the present nominal recreational use (passive) at Sugarloaf Reservoir could be extended to include shore based fishing, establishment of a catchment nature trail, sailing, rowing, youth club and model yacht sailing. A Phase 2 study reported on the financial, managerial aspects, etc, not addressed by Dr Forsyth, while the “implementation stage” is being currently considered in a third phase. A report on this last phase is to be submitted to the Board and Minister for Water Resources for consideration for the summer of 1988.

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Barua, Shishutosh, Nitin Muttil, A. W. M. Ng e B. J. C. Perera. "Rainfall trend and its implications for water resource management within the Yarra River catchment, Australia". Hydrological Processes 27, n.º 12 (12 de maio de 2012): 1727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9311.

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Adhikary, Sajal Kumar, Nitin Muttil e Abdullah Gokhan Yilmaz. "Improving streamflow forecast using optimal rain gauge network-based input to artificial neural network models". Hydrology Research 49, n.º 5 (5 de dezembro de 2017): 1559–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2017.108.

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Abstract Accurate streamflow forecasting is of great importance for the effective management of water resources systems. In this study, an improved streamflow forecasting approach using the optimal rain gauge network-based input to artificial neural network (ANN) models is proposed and demonstrated through a case study (the Middle Yarra River catchment in Victoria, Australia). First, the optimal rain gauge network is established based on the current rain gauge network in the catchment. Rainfall data from the optimal and current rain gauge networks together with streamflow observations are used as the input to train the ANN. Then, the best subset of significant input variables relating to streamflow at the catchment outlet is identified by the trained ANN. Finally, one-day-ahead streamflow forecasting is carried out using ANN models formulated based on the selected input variables for each rain gauge network. The results indicate that the optimal rain gauge network-based input to ANN models gives the best streamflow forecasting results for the training, validation and testing phases in terms of various performance evaluation measures. Overall, the study concludes that the proposed approach is highly effective to achieve the enhanced streamflow forecasting and could be a viable option for streamflow forecasting in other catchments.

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Jovanovic, Dusan, Rebekah Henry, Rhys Coleman, Ana Deletic e David McCarthy. "Integrated conceptual modelling of faecal contamination in an urban estuary catchment". Water Science and Technology 72, n.º 9 (15 de julho de 2015): 1472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.363.

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Urban stormwater is regarded as a key input of faecal contamination in receiving water bodies and therefore, a major concern for health risks associated with aquatic recreation. Wastewater leakages, cross connections and overflows, together with faeces washed from surfaces during rainfall events, are possible origins of faecal contamination which enter these water bodies through stormwater drains. This paper applies conceptual models to a case study of the Yarra River estuary to understand the relative importance of fluxes derived from an urban creek and the 219 urban stormwater pipes which drain directly to the estuary as compared with other inputs, such as the Yarra River itself. Existing hydrologic-microorganism models were used for the estimation of the inputs from riverine and urban stormwater fluxes. These predictions were applied as boundary conditions for a new, highly simplified, model which accounts for the transport and survival of faecal microorganisms in the estuary. All models were calibrated using a rich dataset, containing over 2,000 measured Escherichia coli concentrations. Mass balances from the riverine and stormwater models indicate the limited influence of urban stormwater drains on the estuary during dry weather; less than 0.05% to 10% (5th and 95th percentile; median 0.5%) of the total daily E. coli load entering the estuary was derived from urban stormwater drains. While wet weather contributions from stormwater drains could be more significant (2% to 50%; 5th and 95th percentile), the average contribution remained marginal (median 10%). Sensitivity testing of the estuarine microorganism model by switching off stormwater boundary conditions resulted in minimal model efficiency reduction; this may reflect the low average daily contribution from urban stormwater drains. While these results confirm previous studies which show that E. coli loads derived from stormwater drains are dwarfed by other inputs, it is essential to note that these results also demonstrate that some conditions reveal the opposite; high proportions from stormwater are possible when combined with low riverine inputs and high urban rainfall. Furthermore, this study focuses on the overall impacts of direct urban stormwater inputs on the faecal contamination levels within the estuary, and localized impacts would certainly require further investigation.

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Kumar Adhikary, Sajal, Nitin Muttil e Abdullah Gokhan Yilmaz. "Ordinary kriging and genetic programming for spatial estimation of rainfall in the Middle Yarra River catchment, Australia". Hydrology Research 47, n.º 6 (29 de janeiro de 2016): 1182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.196.

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Rainfall maps with gridded data are frequently used as an important input for many hydrological models. In this study, two kriging-based interpolation methods (i.e., ordinary kriging (OK) and kriging with genetic programming (KGP)) and a deterministic interpolation method (inverse distance weighting (IDW)) are implemented to generate gridded rainfall maps from point rainfalls. The KGP is implemented as a new kriging method in which the genetic programming-based non-parametric variogram model is used with kriging. Rainfall records from existing 19 raingauges in the Middle Yarra River catchment, Australia are used for the analysis. The performance of each method is assessed through the cross-validation test. Results indicate that the kriging-based methods clearly outperform the IDW method. Among all the kriging-based methods, OK with the spherical variogram model yields the lowest prediction error and best estimates for all months. The KGP method gives an almost identical error to that given by the OK with the spherical variogram model for most of the months and a lower prediction error than that given by OK with the exponential or Gaussian variogram model. Thus, the KGP can be used in line with traditional kriging as a viable alternative technique for spatial estimation and mapping of rainfall.

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Serena, M., J. L. Thomas, G. A. Williams e R. C. E. Officer. "Use of stream and river habitats by the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, in an urban fringe environment". Australian Journal of Zoology 46, n.º 3 (1998): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo98034.

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Radio-telemetry was used to monitor movements and burrow usage by O. anatinus living in the Yarra River catchment, about 20 km east-north-east of the central business district of Melbourne, Victoria. The home ranges of six adult or subadult animals were 2.9–7.3 km (mean ± s.d. = 4.6 ± 1.6 km) long, with individuals travelling up to 10.4 km (males) and 4.0 km (females) in a single overnight period. The mean home-range length of adult/subadult animals was significantly greater than that of juveniles (1.4–1.7 km, mean ± s.d. = 1.55 ± 0.2 km, n = 2). The animals utilised two drainage channels as well as 11.8 km of natural waterways, including the Yarra River (5 km), Mullum Mullum Creek (4 km) and Diamond Creek (2.8 km). Several animals travelled repeatedly below one-lane and two-lane bridges, confirming that these structures are not inherent barriers to platypus movement. In total, 57 platypus burrows were described, including 26 along the river, 29 along the creeks and 2 along drains. The horizontal distance from the water’s edge to burrow chambers was 0.4–3.7 m (mean ± s.d. = 1.5 ± 0.9 m, n = 41), with burrows found only in banks extending ≥ 0.5 m above the water. Platypus burrows occurred significantly more often than expected along undercut banks and in association with moderate-to-dense vegetation overhanging the water, and significantly less often at sites where banks had a convex profile at water level. As well, the amount of cover provided along the bank by shrubs/small trees and the ground layer of vegetation was significantly greater than expected at platypus burrows along the river. These attributes are believed to help conceal burrow entrances from predators as well as reduce burrow damage through erosion.

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Brauer, Chris J., Peter J. Unmack, Michael P. Hammer, Mark Adams e Luciano B. Beheregaray. "Catchment-Scale Conservation Units Identified for the Threatened Yarra Pygmy Perch (Nannoperca obscura) in Highly Modified River Systems". PLoS ONE 8, n.º 12 (13 de dezembro de 2013): e82953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082953.

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Lintern, Anna, Ana Deletic, Paul Leahy e David McCarthy. "Digging up the dirty past: evidence for stormwater’s contribution to pollution of an urban floodplain lake". Marine and Freshwater Research 66, n.º 7 (2015): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14111.

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Negative effects of urbanisation on the health of aquatic environments are well recognised; but more data are needed for an accurate assessment of the particular effects of residential development on the health of aquatic systems. This study explores the relationship between residential growth and increasing pollution, by analysing temporal trends of chemical fluxes into Willsmere Billabong – an urban floodplain lake of the Yarra River in South-East Australia. Sediment cores were extracted to reveal depositions over three centuries (~1700–2012). The cores were sub-sampled at high resolution and analysed for heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Pollutant concentrations in the sediments appear to have been significantly affected by residential development in the local catchment. Normalised concentration profiles show these effects to be exacerbated from the mid-20th century, after a stormwater drain was installed in the billabong. The study suggests that urban stormwater management techniques are critical for the protection of aquatic systems incorporated into residential zones.

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Lintern, Anna, Marion Anderson, Paul Leahy, Ana Deletic e David McCarthy. "Using sediment cores to establish targets for the remediation of aquatic environments". Water Science and Technology 73, n.º 3 (19 de outubro de 2015): 628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.525.

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When assigning site-specific restoration targets for deteriorating aquatic systems, it is necessary to have an understanding of the undisturbed or background state of the system. However, the site-specific characteristics of aquatic systems prior to disturbance are mostly unknown, due to the lack of historical water and sediment quality data. This study aims to introduce a method for filling this gap in our understanding, using dated sediment cores from the beds of aquatic environments. We used Bolin Billabong, a floodplain lake of the Yarra River (South-East Australia), as a case study to demonstrate the application of this method. We identified the concentrations of aluminium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, tin and zinc at 8 cm intervals through the sediment core. This showed that aluminium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, nickel, tin and zinc concentrations in Bolin Billabong sediments significantly increased after European settlement in the river catchment in the mid-19th century. The differences between current Australian sediment quality guidelines trigger values and the background metal concentrations in Bolin Billabong sediments underscore the value of using locally relevant background toxicant concentrations when setting water and sediment quality targets.

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Entwisle, TJ. "Macroalgae, in the Upper Yarra and Watts River catchments: Distribution and Phenology". Marine and Freshwater Research 41, n.º 4 (1990): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9900505.

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Studies on the floristics and phenology of macroalgal communities in the upper Yarra and Watts River catchments have shown that the urbanized reaches of the Yarra River near Warburton are relatively species-rich and that they include nearly all macroalgal taxa found in protected catchments upstream. The lower of three river sites near Warburton, however, includes fewer species and is seasonally dominated by Vaucheria bursata, a saproxenous alga. The macroalgal communities on solid rock are distinct from those on loose rock subject to flood movement, and they include more taxa with basally attached filaments. A nearby enriched tributary, McMahons Creek, is dominated by a Spirogyroideae species and is species-poor. Species richness is also low on small-weirs and natural stream habitats in protected upstream catchments. Experimental timber harvesting above a series of small-weirs introduced weed species into the streams, replacing some of the native macroalgal species. Indigenous macroalgal species return 5 or so years after selective timber thinning, but they do not return even 10 years after clear-felling and fertilizing. The macroalgae of the upper Yarra River basin can be grouped into those that can grow throughout the year, those whose growth is restricted by water temperature, and those with a distinct seasonality unrelated to water temperature.

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Bennett, A., e G. Coulson. "Evaluation of an exclusion plot design for determining the impacts of native and exotic herbivores on forest understoreys." Australian Mammalogy 30, n.º 2 (2008): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am08010.

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To study the effects of grazing and browsing by Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor), swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) and wombats (Vombatus ursinus) exclosure plots measuring 10 m x 10 m were erected in the Upper Yarra and O'Shannassy water catchments near Melbourne, Victoria. Total exclusion fences and partial exclusion fences were erected. Design details and costs are provided. Operational problems are discussed.

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Barua, S., AWM Ng e BJC Perera. "Drought assessment and forecasting: A case study on the Yarra River catchment in Victoria, Australia". Australian Journal of Water Resources 15, n.º 2 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.7158/w10-848.2012.15.2.

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