Thematische Bibliographien / Anthropology, Cultural|Health Sciences, Public Health|Sustainability / Dissertationen

Dissertationen zum Thema „Anthropology, Cultural|Health Sciences, Public Health|Sustainability“

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Veröffentlicht am 14. September 2021
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1

McNab, Philip R. „"Planting Wholesome Seeds"| Organic Farming and Community Supported Agriculture at Sweetwater Organic Community Farm“. University of South Florida, 2013.

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2

Tesler, Laura Eve. „Locations of self in smoking discourses and practices: An ethnography of smoking among adolescents and young adults in the United States“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278757.

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Whereas the presence of an ashtray on every table in American restaurants was once the norm, smoking in public places has become increasingly restricted during the late twentieth century. Given the changes in numerous physical and social environments impacting on smoking messages and behaviors within the larger context of contemporary American ideologies about morality, identity, the body, and the social order, how has the relationship between smoking and identity changed? The task of this thesis is to explore this question from the perspective of 22 contemporary young adults with personal smoking histories. After reviewing social trends in cigarette consumption during the past century, I examine the present relationship between smoking and identity, including the influence of social factors, and the significance of identity to motivations and practices pertaining to self-restricted smoking and cessation. The work of constructing, reconstructing and negotiating one's moral identity through discourse and practice receives special attention.
3

Smith-Morris, Carolyn 1966. „A political economy of diabetes, pregnancy, and identity in the Gila River Indian Community“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279885.

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More than half of all Pima Indians over age 35 have Diabetes Mellitus and prevalence rates continue to rise; this despite billions of dollars spent every year on research and prevention activity by the National Institute of Health, the American Diabetes Association, and the Indian Health Service nationwide. Because of the many health problems which can occur in conjunction with uncontrolled diabetes, including heart disease, kidney disease, neuropathy, retinopathy, and depression, the insidious or symptomless nature of this disease creates an urgent need for early detection, prevention, and effective treatment. Several anthropological studies of Native Americans have been conducted over the last century, but few have focused on Native American understandings of and response to diabetes, particularly its sometimes "latent" quality, as in gestational diabetes which "goes into remission" after childbirth. Biomedical concepts such as risk, prevention, disease latency, and genetic predisposition or heritability are critical to the prevention of many chronic illnesses, but do not translate well or effectively across cultural lines. This dissertation presents a focused ethnography examining this process of integration between Native American and biomedical health models at the Gila River Indian Community, particularly around the issue of diabetes. Because diabetes is a complicating factor in pregnancy and childbirth due to fetal stress, high birth weight, and necessitated cesarean-section deliveries, and due to the relationship between gestational diabetes and the subsequent health of both the mother and infant, pregnant women are the focus of this research.
4

Bukhman, Gene. „Reform and resistance in post-Soviet tuberculosis control“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279923.

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This dissertation analyzes the process of international negotiation over tuberculosis (TB) control in the Former Soviet Union (FSU) during the 1990s. Relying on archival research, interview data, survey research, and ethnographic fieldwork, this dissertation shows the relevance of political economy, bioethics, and the sociology of knowledge to TB reform in Central Asia, Russia, the Caucuses, and other regions of the FSU. This dissertation shows how debates around TB reform in the FSU have revealed the roles of national governments, multilateral institutions, and nongovernmental organizations in a world system of international health policy structured during the cold war.
5

Kangas, Beth E. „The lure of technology: Yemenis' international medical travel in a global era“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280190.

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Using Yemen as a case study, this medical anthropological dissertation examines experiences of serious illnesses and injuries in developing countries that lack the financial and medical capabilities to treat them. Yemeni patients suffering from cancer and other complicated conditions must currently go abroad to pursue advanced medical care. Despite the great cost, medical travellers are from all social classes. The dissertation draws on multi-sited and multi-locale research to explore hardships that result when medical possibilities, and awareness of them, surpass financial abilities. I situate the international medical travel of Yemeni patients and family members in a global context. This highlights both worldwide commonalities surrounding sophisticated medical technology, and specifics related to Yemen as a developing country with its particular historical and cultural context. In this study, I employed an array of methods: interviews with Yemeni medical travellers in India and Jordan, participant observation in Yemen's central hospital, scourings of Yemen's Arabic newspapers from the first half of the 20th century, and open-ended surveys with doctors, religious scholars, and members of the Yemeni Parliament. Data sources are interwoven throughout the dissertation. Chapters parallel the various steps that patients and family members take throughout their medical journeys. In the conclusion, I argue that medicine should not be viewed as a consumer good for the market to regulate. In pursuing and providing high-tech medicine, patients and their families fulfill moral, social, and familial obligations.
6

Pylypa, Jennifer Jean. „Healing herbs and dangerous doctors: Local models and response to fevers in northeast Thailand“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290045.

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Many acute infectious diseases found in tropical countries share a set of non-specific symptoms in common, making distinctions between them difficult and diagnosis in clinical settings complex. The high prevalence of comorbidity in developing nations further adds to the difficulty of clinical diagnosis. For families living in rural communities, evaluating symptoms in the home prior to choosing a course of treatment action is even more difficult. Not only are families faced with ambiguities in symptom presentations, their decisions about how to interpret a particular illness episode are influenced by a complex combination of public health messages and ethnomedical models of illness. Furthermore, since cultural illness classifications do not necessarily correspond in a one-to-one relationship with biomedical disease categories, concerns and behaviors associated with a particular cultural illness category may have implications for many different diseases. From a health communication, education, and prevention perspective, it is therefore important to consider different diseases and illness categories not only as individual, separable entities, but also in terms of how they are interpreted and acted upon in relation to each other. In this dissertation, I provide an overview of major, acute infectious diseases found in northeast Thailand, including diarrheal diseases, acute respiratory infections, malaria, and dengue fever. I then examine cultural models and responses to these diseases in detail. I subsequently discuss a cultural illness category prominent in northeast Thailand known as khai makmai ('fruit fever'). I demonstrate how the classification of diverse illness episodes (resulting from a variety of biomedical diseases) as khai makmai, combined with cultural concerns about health practitioners' mismanagement of khai makmai, has important implications for both the treatment and prevention of various infectious diseases. I conclude by arguing for the need for more integrated, ethnomedical approaches to health education and interventions that take into account the impact of cultural models and responses for multiple infectious disease problems simultaneously.
7

Crane, Johanna. „Resistant to treatment: AIDS, science, and power at the dawn of Uganda's 'treatment era'“. Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3261261.

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8

McEwen, Marylyn M. „Mexican immigrants' understanding and experience of tuberculosis infection“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280301.

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The purpose of this dissertation study was two-fold; (1) to discover the health culture, or explanatory model of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) for Mexican immigrants at the U.S.-Mexico border who have been diagnosed with LTBI; and, (2) to identify those coercive and/or oppressive elements unique to this setting and population, embedded in power structures and worldviews that may shape both the conditions and social responses to diagnosis and treatment of LTBI. The viewpoints of nine Mexican immigrants diagnosed with LTBI and their spouses in their every day struggles within the historical, sociocultural, political, and economic context of the U.S.-Mexico border were explored to address the three research aims. This critical ethnographic study provided a full and systematic account of the popular and professional explanatory models that underpinned the Mexican immigrants' cultural construction of LTBI and preventive therapy. Informants participated in three in-depth interviews conducted primarily in their homes with a bilingual interpreter during a four-month period. Kleinman's Explanatory Model of Illness provided the conceptual underpinnings and critical theories provided the theoretical perspective for this study. Data sources included interviews, a demographic data questionnaire, participant observation, and field notes. Data analysis was directed toward the inductive generation of subcategories, categories, and domains that answered the research aims. The results of the study illuminated several points including the: (a) multiple conflicting viewpoints between the Mexican immigrants' popular explanatory model of TB and the diagnosis of LTBI; (b) powerful and dominating Mexican popular explanatory model of TB and how it influenced the informants' understanding of LTBI; (c) lack of folk knowledge and exclusive use of the formal health care system for producing household health during preventive therapy; and, (d) the macro-level social, political, economic and historical factors that influenced adherence to preventive therapy in the Mexican immigrant diagnosed with LTBI. This research has significance for nursing in three areas, it: (a) elicited the Mexican immigrants' popular explanatory model of TB; (b) identified points of departure with the U.S. professional explanatory model of TB and LTBI; and (c) provided essential information that the immigrants' used to inform treatment decisions for LTBI.
9

Monti, Laura S. „Seri Indian adaptive strategies in a desert and sea environment: Three case studies. A navigational song map in the Sea of Cortes; the ironwood tree as habitat for medicinal plants; desert plants adapted to treat diabetes“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280316.

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In this research I examine the adaptive strategies and practices that an indigenous community uses to cope with stresses and threats of their local environment. I consider the premise that the continuous interactions with nature by a people who have lived in the same geographic region for great periods of time can lead to traditional ecological knowledge that benefits human well being, and can also result in practices that result in the protection and sustainable use of the natural resources of their environment. Case studies with the Seri Indians in Sonora, Mexico are provided to demonstrate how adaptive behaviors evolved in coastal-desert environment can affect health and also contribute to conservation. In each study, I examine practices that the Seri Indians use to cope with the constraints and opportunities inherent in their desert and sea environment. The case studies take place in 3 landscapes of different geographic scale and cultural contexts. The first study is of a seascape where ritual sea songs are sung to navigate through dangerous channel between two islands. The second study examines medicinal plant associations with the ironwood tree (Olneya tesota Gray) in a series of landscapes of the Central Gulf Coast of Sonora. The third study considers a group of five desert plants adapted by the Seri to treat diabetes in light of the biological and cultural factors that influenced the Seri selection of these plants. The studies demonstrate in different environments, spatial scales and cultural contexts, how dynamic human-environment interactions take place at the interface between biological and cultural adaptation; interactions that are mutually reinforced in the human experience.
10

Sangaramoorthy, Thurka. „We all have AIDS: Circulations of risk, race, and statistics in HIV/AIDS prevention“. Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3311350.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco with the University of California, Berkeley, 2008.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-06, Section: A, page: 2336. Adviser: Charles L. Briggs.
11

Kalofonos, Ippolytos Andreas. „"All I eat is ARVs": Living with HIV/AIDS at the dawn of the treatment era in central Mozambique“. Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3324592.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco with the University of California, Berkeley, 2008.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-09, Section: A, page: 3607. Adviser: Vincanne Adams.
12

Cartwright, Elizabeth 1959. „Malignant emotions: Indigenous perceptions of environmental, social and bodily dangers in Mexico“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282765.

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This dissertation is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in San Pedro Amuzgos, Oaxaca and on La Coasta Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. In it I trace the movements of migrant farmworkers who come from southern Mexico to work in the grape fields of Sonora. Within that context of movement and change, I focus on understanding how illnesses are perceived and how they are healed. First I explore this issue, in depth, in their homeplace in rural Oaxaca. I follow specific illness events among residents of Amuzgos and I allow individuals actions and their reflections on those actions act as a corrective to static notions of the "Latino Folk Illnesses" that exemplify the way in which residents of this small village conceptualize their bodily problems. Local understandings of illnesses are embedded in the village as a specific Place where the topography of the village is inhabited by dangerous spirits that cause health problems for the Amuzgos. To heal, is to heal the Place where negative things occurred as well as the bodies that manifest negative symptoms. Following the Amuzgos up to the fields of Sonora, I focus on how the changing environmental context influences their perceptions of the sources of illnesses and the ways in which they treat them. In particular, I focus on the ways in which they conceptualize the health problems that arise from exposures to the pesticides that are ubiquitous in the fields and camps where they live and work.
13

Freitas, Halley Helene Eisner 1962. „AIDS and the perception of risk in college women: An inquiry into the effectiveness of AIDS education“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291448.

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Current AIDS information surveys are designed to evaluate an individual's degree of AIDS-related knowledge. These surveys are conducted in a forced-choice Likert format. Because rates of sexually transmitted diseases are increasing, (and by inference, therefore, so is AIDS), the author contends that testing "knowledge" is an inaccurate method in assessing sexual behavior. This study, which involves two-hour long, open-ended interviews with twenty-five college women, displays that their level of AIDS knowledge has little bearing on their sexual activity. Rather, peer group norms and values of sexual exchange influenced their sexual decision-making process. The women utilized several "voices" when discussing feelings of sexuality to negotiate coexisting dominant cultural ideals. This study explores student's sense of personal vulnerability, blame, responsibility and perceived necessity to adopt safer sexual practices.
14

Van, Sickle John David. „The rise of asthma and allergy in South India: How representations of illness influence medical practice and the marketing of medicine“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290053.

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Asthma has become one of the most commonly talked about and politically charged health topics in India. Yet, less than a decade ago, international studies reported that rates of the disease in the country were among the lowest in the world. This dissertation examines how asthma rapidly became a preeminent health concern in Tamil Nadu. I document and critically examine factors that have led to the phenomenon of asthma, from the multiple perspectives of its sufferers, the practitioners who diagnose and treat the disease, and the pharmaceutical companies that develop and market products for its management. I examine how popular representations of asthma and allergy--which view the disease as the result of an increasingly toxic environment, a more susceptible population, and new, modern ways of life--have influenced the social meaning and medical management of asthma. Using a variety of data, I describe patterns of health care seeking, the therapeutic regimens prescribed for asthma, and the important role played by factors such as the affordability of medications, and the perceptions of the activity and potential harm of medications, such as steroids. I look at increasing coverage of asthma in the Indian print media, and the efforts of the private health care industry and Indian environmental organizations, to draw further attention to the disease. Through detailed clinical observations and interviews with a wide range of allopathic and traditional Indian medical practitioners, I outline the variety of professional understandings and therapeutic approaches toward asthma, describe important differences in the interpretations of its symptoms, and examine the medical and social factors contributing to misdiagnoses, underdiagnosis, and undertreatment. In addition to medical knowledge about asthma, practice patterns are determined by a variety of practical logics, including economic competition in the pluralistic marketplace, the social relations of disease labels, and the pressures to forge a stable relationship between practitioner and patient. Finally, I describe the variety of techniques through which some of the leading drug companies in India have actively promoted asthma and allergy, and provide an ethnographic account of the introduction of new asthma drugs--the leukotriene receptor antagonists--to the Indian market.
15

De, Vera Noemi Zabala. „Saving women's lives by spacing births: A qualitative study“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290062.

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The purpose of this descriptive ethnographic study was to explore the perceptions about, and the various factors that influence birth spacing decisions by rural Filipino husbands and wives. Short birth intervals of less than two years are a high risk factor for women in the Philippines. Attempts have been made to improve the women's health status and rights in various aspects however, a large number of women in developing countries such as the Philippines, still suffer to a great extent in regard to their health and reproductive health conditions. Fourteen Filipino husbands and wives participated in in-depth interviews over a six month period in rural Philippines. The Household Production of Health nested within the Ecological Model were the conceptual models that guided this research. Data analysis was directed towards identifying themes and sub-themes organized into categories and sub categories answered the four research questions. Eleven domains were identified from the data. Two major cultural themes emerged from the ethnographic data: (1) "Because life today is so difficult, it is important to space births"; and (2) "She's my wife...of course, I have to take care of her, we have to take care of each other." The participants integrated birth spacing and the internal and external factors influencing decision making into a complex process. The participants described their roles in maintaining and promoting health. In addition to their roles in health maintenance, participants also identified a variety of health producing and help seeking behaviors that were contextualized throughout their cultural lives and were consistent with their perceptions. This research has significance for nursing in four aspects: (a) it explicates the importance of having a broader and deeper understanding of how birth spacing and maternal health are perceived by people of different cultural background; (b) it provides a framework for community health nurses and transcultural nurses to analyze the entirety of birth spacing decision processes that do not only occur within the household but within the community and the whole country; (c) it suggests the importance of focusing health education of women's reproductive health such as spacing pregnancies; and (d) it encourages nurses around the world to empower men and women to create change in health policy regarding family planning.
16

Rich, Leigh Elizabeth 1973. „Weed of the wild: Health, identity and gender among new cigar smokers“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278642.

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Cigars today reproduce American health, identity and gender ideologies rooted in capitalism. Because of pressures to be both producer and consumer, the cigar is merely the latest appropriation of our control/release cycle. Thus, part one unravels the myth of the "safe tobacco." Examining another dualism, part two addresses the construction of identity as negotiation between individual and society. Uniqueness is sought-after, and smokers purchase a ready-made "image" to make their own. Finally, part three shifts Foucault's "normalizing gaze" from female to male. For young men, cigars signify one's "arrival"; for women, "image" and attention-getting schemes. But these impressions negate the female cigar experience. In actuality, both manipulate the symbol differently: Women use cigars as transgressive identity, men embodied identity. However, health risks increase for each. As cigarette users, women often inhale. As non-smokers, men forge a new group once deemed safe from tobacco's costs and pleasures.
17

Schwarzburg, Lisa Llewellyn. „Arctic passages| Maternal transport, Inupiat mothers, and northwest Alaska communities in transition“. Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3607058.

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While the primary goal of the northwest Alaska Native village maternal transport program is safe deliveries for mothers from remote villages, little has been done to examine the impact of transport on the mothers and communities involved. I explore how present values (Western and Iñupiat cultural values) can influence the desire of indigenous women of differing eras and northwest Alaska villages to participate in biomedical birth practices, largely as made available by a tribal health-sponsored patient transport system. The work that follows portrays the varying influences on these women and their communities as they determine the level of importance for mothers to get to the hospital to deliver. I have enlisted viewpoints of Alaska Native families and women of different generations from various Iñupiat villages to help paint a picture of the situation. With this research, I ask, how do generations of mothers, transport situations, and villages compare in terms of experiences during the processes of these Iñupiat women becoming mothers? What gender, ethnicity, and power interplays exist in this dynamic helix of social and political elements (embodiment) during their periods of liminality? What are influences (biomedical and community) that contribute to a woman's transition to motherhood in this community? Moreover, how do women, families, and community members perceive the maternal transport policy today? I examine how the transport policy figures into stages of liminality, as these mothers and communities produce future generations. With theoretical frameworks provided by medical anthropology and maternal identity work, I track the differences concerning the maternal transport operation for Iñupiat mothers of the area. I compare the influences of cultural value systems present in each of the communities by birth era and location. Using content analysis to determine common themes, I found connections among presence of Iñupiat values, community acceptance of maternal transport, and expressed desire for community autonomy in maternal health care.

18

Hickler, Benjamin Hallam. „Epidemic oversight: Emerging infections and rural livelihoods in the Mekong“. Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3390047.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco with the University of California, Berkeley, 2009.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-02, Section: A, page: . Adviser: Vincanne Adams.
19

Adrian, Shelly Dee 1963. „Rubbers and romance: Heterosexual condom use in the United States“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291871.

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This paper explores the meaning of condoms for six sexually active, college-educated women. Analysis of ethnographic interviews addresses four facets of their experiences with condoms. This report discusses (1) the condom in relation to the (female) body, and (2) condom use as a conjunction of doing sex and gender identity. Informant-generated topics are (3) the learning and sharing of condom knowledge, and (4) the mention of condoms in life stories. To contextualize these highly individual experiences, the author initially presents popular and historical meanings of condoms. After a brief review of condoms in historical discourses of birth control and sexually-transmitted diseases, condom meanings in current AIDS-inspired research are presented. The conclusion suggests how this qualitative data could inform sexual health education and condom promotion campaigns.
20

McKenzie, Donna Margaret. „Happily ever after: Discourses of emotion, love and health in the intimate relationships of young adult New Zealanders“. Thesis, University of Auckland, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3139241.

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Young people are often constructed in academic and lay explanations as an inherently risky population. They are the age group most likely to feature in public health statistics, especially those of intentional and unintentional injury. A common risk factor cited in these statistics is conflict within or breakdown of an inter-personal relationship, in particular intimate heterosexual relationships. Intimate relationships serve as markers of normal adulthood in New Zealand society, and many young people invest significantly in them for their emotional and material rewards. This study investigated the social processes and experiences that influence young adult New Zealanders' perceptions of their own and others' intimate relationships. It employed an inter-disciplinary framework of critical interpretive medical anthropology and a public health approach with a lifecourse perspective. A multi-interview method was used involving more than 90 people interviewed either in focus groups, as couples, or as individuals. Interviews focused on young people's ideas and experiences of healthy and unhealthy relationships, as well as the influence of families, friends, and popular culture on relationships. Intimate relationships are based on naturalised gender differences that work to construct men as masculine/active and women as feminine/passive and hide disparities based on gender within a discourse of equality. The ideal healthy relationship is based on ideas of individualism, emotional and material inter-dependence, and the addition of other social networks into a partner relationship. Families are primary sources of information about and models for relationships. Friends are significant in establishing an adult identity separate to one's parents. Both families and friends are emotional safety nets in times of relationship difficulties. Understandings of popular culture and its products are most commonly experienced through gendered romantic narratives. Because of their ubiquity and popularity, information produced by mass media is particularly influential for young people. Overall, young people reported that relationships are a considerable source of joy to them. However, when problems occur, they tend to revert to stereotypical and gendered cultural scripts rather than relying on individual knowledge. To mitigate the possible negative effects of these scripts, knowledge of the skills required to overcome relationships difficulties need to be made explicit and fostered by relevant public health and education policy and promotion activities.
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21

Pylypa, Jennifer Jean 1969. „Self-care and self-medication practices in two California Mexican communities: Migrant farm worker families and border residents in San Diego County“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278600.

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Although medical anthropologists have recently taken up the study of medication use in both developing and developed nations, the medication practices of immigrants remain unstudied. The current research reports on self-medication practices among two California Mexican immigrant communities: immigrant families living along the California-Mexico border, and migrant farm worker families residing in illegal encampments and substandard housing in San Diego's North County. Medication and health seeking practices are found to be influenced by both political-economic forces, and the sociocultural context in which California Mexicans live. The U.S.-Mexico border area is considered as a special context for self-medication, since it permits border-crossing into Tijuana for the purpose of buying Mexican pharmaceuticals at low cost without a prescription. The popularity of injections and the cross-border purchasing of injectable antibiotics and vitamins are discussed as a case study.
22

Sanderson, Brittney. „That Isolation Creeps In: Exploring the Intersection of Public Transit and Mental Health in Dallas County, Texas“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707347/.

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The primary goal of the research project was to organize a community needs assessment, which culminated in a report attached in the appendix. Data from sixteen interviews with community leaders involved in mental health promotion throughout Dallas County, Texas was used as the foundation of the professional report. This data revealed several key barriers faced by those with mental illness in their ability to access mental health services in Dallas County. The information gathered prompted further exploration into the intersection between public transit and mental health. Transit became the focus of this work when it came up as simultaneously a barrier to care and mode of prevention in the majority of the interviews. Interestingly, Dallas County has public plans to address transit related disparities; however, their intervention pulls from strategies determined to be ineffectual among the poor and disenfranchised. In this work we explore community needs and the civic culture of Dallas with a specific focus on transportation.
23

Semlow, Andrea R. „The Power of Place: A Qualitative Evaluation of Stream Monitoring Data Usage by Decision-Makers in Dane County, WI“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505147/.

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Has years of citizen-based nutrient sampling and baseline water quality monitoring efforts only had a "trivial" impact on natural resource management decisions? This thesis will explore this and other findings from a qualitative evaluation of the Rock River Coalition (RRC) citizen-based stream monitoring project in Dane County, Wisconsin, USA. These findings are the culmination of 47 semi-structured interviews with decision-makers from seven client-identified categories and participant observations of board meetings and other watershed groups. Interview questions focused on current strategies of data design and dissemination with the goal of constructing a clearer picture of existing data usage by Dane County decision-makers. In the wider picture of citizen science and community-based research, this case study aims to highlight barriers to data use and potential solutions. The results of this case study were understood through four key frames: (1) Bourdieu's concept of symbolic capital, (2) Barzilai‐Nahon's theory of network gatekeeping, (3) Newman et al.'s framework for leveraging the power of place, and (4) a Foucauldian approach to the production of scientific knowledge. The findings of this study highlight the presence of gatekeeping mechanisms within the scientific field as well as government institutions, problematize the practice of placemaking, assert there is untapped symbolic capital to be wielded by citizen scientists, and trace the "innovation" of volunteer water monitoring data in Dane County.
24

Semlow, Andrea R. „The Power of Place: A Qualitative Evaluation of Stream Monitoring Data Usage by Decision-Makers in Dane County, Wisconsin“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505147/.

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Has years of citizen-based nutrient sampling and baseline water quality monitoring efforts only had a "trivial" impact on natural resource management decisions? This thesis will explore this and other findings from a qualitative evaluation of the Rock River Coalition (RRC) citizen-based stream monitoring project in Dane County, Wisconsin, USA. These findings are the culmination of 47 semi-structured interviews with decision-makers from seven client-identified categories and participant observations of board meetings and other watershed groups. Interview questions focused on current strategies of data design and dissemination with the goal of constructing a clearer picture of existing data usage by Dane County decision-makers. In the wider picture of citizen science and community-based research, this case study aims to highlight barriers to data use and potential solutions. The results of this case study were understood through four key frames: (1) Bourdieu's concept of symbolic capital, (2) Barzilai‐Nahon's theory of network gatekeeping, (3) Newman et al.'s framework for leveraging the power of place, and (4) a Foucauldian approach to the production of scientific knowledge. The findings of this study highlight the presence of gatekeeping mechanisms within the scientific field as well as government institutions, problematize the practice of placemaking, assert there is untapped symbolic capital to be wielded by citizen scientists, and trace the "innovation" of volunteer water monitoring data in Dane County.
25

Aarons, Derrick. „Palliative care, ethics, and the Jamaican paradigm“. Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23764.

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Palliative care provides symptom control, social, psychological and spiritual care for terminally ill patients, and psycho-social support and bereavement care for their families. Ethics is the study of rational processes for determining the best course of action between conflicting values and choices. All medicine is practiced within a defined cultural setting and local beliefs about health and illness may determine particular solutions to ethical problems.
Culturo-religious beliefs and practices in Jamaica are linked historically to its people's African ancestry and to the syncretism of Euro-British values during slavery. The resulting socio-cultural and medical pluralism has presented an ethical dilemma concerning respect for the beliefs and wishes of terminally ill patients to seek care from magico-religious practitioners versus what is in the society's best interest.
26

Sesia, Paola Maria. „Confronting neoliberalism: Food security and nutrition among indigenous coffee-growers in Oaxaca, Mexico“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280204.

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This dissertation analyzes the social history and current struggles of Analco and Santa Cecilia, two Chinantec peasant localities of Oaxaca, Mexico, which experienced the boom and bust years of coffee agriculture subject to the vagaries of the global market for this cash crop. It examines the last twenty-five years of State interventions toward the Indian peasantry, focusing especially on current neoliberal economic and social policies, to reveal how they have affected local well-being and livelihood strategies. In the course of describing food security and nutrition, I show how Analqueno and Cecilieno men, women and children have coped with major changes in Mexican politics and the economy; changes toward which they have devised multiple responses, but upon which they have had limited control. In particular, I explore how members of these communities weighed options and maximized opportunities in their attempt to maintain, restore or enhance food security and local well-being during the coffee crisis of the 1990s. I show how, in the last decade, agricultural diversification for both home consumption and the market, and a partial retreat from commercial agriculture centered around coffee have become significant. Finally, I consider the nutritional effects of the coffee boom and bust years on the local populations paying particular attention to children, teenagers, and gender differences.
27

Baines, Kristina Linda. „Good Men Grow Corn: Embodied Ecological Heritage and Health in a Belizean Mopan Community“. Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4285.

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Recent developments in land rights and land use in the Toledo district, Belize has generated anthropological and activist interest surrounding traditional ecological knowledge and practice, and the role of heritage in communities. This study explores the connection between ecological knowledge and practices, and the concurrent construction of heritage, and community health and wellness, broadly defined. Developing and using the concept of "embodied ecological heritage," this dissertation takes a phenomenological approach to understanding the convergence of ecological heritage and health in multiple realms of everyday life, arguing that lived experience of participating in "traditional" practices is fundamentally connected to wellness in the Mopan community of Santa Cruz. Using the results of ethnographic research using multiple methodologies across 76 households over a period of 11 months, this dissertation presents a detailed account of how Mopan Maya participants view ecological skill and knowledge as critical to being and living well, arguing that social factors, such as work and food choices, have an effect on wellness. The research contributes to a growing number of studies linking changes in the body and overall health status to everyday practices within communities. Outlining how certain knowledge and particular practices, such as exchanging labor and making baskets, become prioritized as heritage through both their conceptualization and deployment, the analysis centers on individual bodies as the foci of skill, sensory experience and change. The timely nature of making these connections explicit is discussed in light of ongoing "development" in Maya communities and beyond, with an illumination of how changing land use patterns have far-reaching effects on wellness from multiple perspectives; individual, social, ecological and political, and concluding that a consideration of wellness can benefit from looking at the processes involved in heritage construction as it relates to ecological practice.
28

McMillan, Valerie A. „Sistas On The Move: An Ethnographic Case Study of Health and Friendship in Urban Space among Black Women in New Orleans“. ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1751.

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Abstract Black women are disproportionately affected by adverse health conditions, such as obesity and heart disease. For example, more black women currently die from complications associated with diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure than any other ethnic group in the United States (Gourdine 2011). There are however, increasing numbers of everyday black women who defy these statistics and are positive role models for all women. One such group of women is the New Orleans chapter of Sistas On The Move (SOTM), an all-female running group that emphasizes the importance of black women’s health and builds community around physical activity. Through field interviews and participant observation, I examine the following questions: What motivates these women to run, walk and lead healthy lifestyles in New Orleans? How do SOTM members claim and utilize space in New Orleans for their physical health and social activities?
29

Taylor, Elizabeth Lee. „Meaning in Transition: An Ethnographic Study of the Cultural Construction of Health, Identity and Brands among Young Adults“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609100/.

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This study explored the lived experience of Gen Z adults in a liminal life-stage crisis where the symbolic meaning of health, identity and brands are in transition. Sixteen ethnographic in-home interviews with college students were conducted and analyzed using Geertz's interpretive and Turner's symbolic anthropology. A hermeneutic textual analysis was used to interpret three types of phenomenological data: text, pictures and collages. An "incubation" step was key in the creative interpretation process where the leap from data to abstract themes was made. Environmental circumstances like money, time, resources and social networks change the quality of health, but the fundamental health explanatory system of a young person is a reflection of their family of origin experiences. Women associate health with mental health-independence and empowerment. Men define health as physical health-food and cooking. Skills such as cooking and shopping as well as the consumption of water, cannabis and other complementary products impact health and identity. Three health worldview themes emerged: health as negotiating identity; creating home; and taking responsibility. Implications for branding and public information campaigns to change the health beliefs and practices of young adults are offered. This thesis closes with a reflection on the "research study," the dominant symbol in the practice of research as a way to analyze the fluid role of consumer anthropology in a capitalist system.
30

Floriano, Maureen Elizabeth. „Models of Addiction and Health Seeking Behaviors: Understanding Participant Utilization of an Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution Clinic“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1619772720856071.

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31

Manzella, Francis Joseph. „What Medical Tourism Tells Us about the Plural Sector of Global Health Diplomacy and Governance: An Organizational Analysis of Civil Society in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1554476963107281.

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32

Watson, Sharon Elizabeth. „Investing In Change: Illuminating Interactive Systems in HIV Research, Communication Diffusion, and Financing in Lesotho“. Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6977.

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In the field of HIV, more than 30 years into the epidemic, the need to ensure that what researchers learn makes its way into tangible actions in the real world is especially poignant. This dissertation addresses the critical divide between research production and its translation into practice. It advances ways to measure the investments of citizens and stakeholders in qualitative studies and offers new perspectives on the losses inadvertently caused by particular investments in health research and services. Unfortunately, many of the problems in how we practice and disseminate research are rampant throughout the health and development research sector. Therefore, while this anthropological dissertation focuses on HIV and Lesotho, several of the findings are applicable in other geographical and topical settings. This dissertation explores how the practice of conducting qualitative research becomes a type of disease prevention intervention itself cutting across systems. Using a large qualitative HIV sexual, social, and behavioral health research project, as a case study, I illuminate how health research knowledge makes its way (or not) to the populations for whom it is intended. Following up four years later, using in-depth semi-structured and structured interviews, I probe practical and theoretical issues involving the original research assistants, a comparison group, and representatives from organizations targeted to be most likely to use the research findings. I pilot a communication diffusion measurement tool that visualizes the researchers’ ability to apply what they learned from the research experience in talking to their families, partners, acquaintances, work colleagues, and students/trainees. The results indicate significant differences between the original team and the comparison group’s communication diagrams, demonstrating the tool’s usefulness in visualizing who is talking to whom, with what magnitude, and the types of life moments that trigger opportunities to have quality conversations about HIV, sex, and Multiple Concurrent Partnerships (MCP). As evidenced in this study, team members are part of the larger social system. They have the potential to influence the formal dissemination of HIV prevention information into policy and programming as well as the informal diffusion into their own life and in the lives of those they encounter in their social network. Nowhere in translation and dissemination research descriptions are the research team members discussed. Based on this research, I argue that, in addition to greater involvement of the public and stakeholders in translational research, there is a need to include the “implementers” of research beyond that of the principal investigators: the research staff. There is a need to further conceptualize the role of the “research team” in the translation of research to practice paradigm. Data have been collected from grey documents, project reports, scientific papers, newspapers, and websites establishing current points of focus for well-funded global entities in context with our understanding of transmission and prevention dynamics and debates. Analysis of these sources reveal strong rhetoric for combined biomedical, social, behavioral and structural approaches but programming and funding reports reflect much more weight and financing to biomedical solutions. The findings from organizational representatives interviewed in this study reveal that the creation of research and diffusion of information will follow the funding. Similar to Lesotho, many researchers and health professionals in developing countries are hired into biomedical or clinical projects for employment. This project explores the HIV response as part of economic, social and health development in Lesotho supported by the aid industry, and presents data on how the investments of money influence the ways in which local leaders and everyday citizens define, communicate, and conceive solutions to the problem of HIV. In the mid-term, translating biomedical findings into real world realities requires qualitative research. Ethically sound and well-trained qualitative researchers are fundamental in the creation and diffusion of knowledge. As the findings in this study indicate, the qualitative experience provides an opportunity to understand the epidemic that leads people to change their own behaviors, influence those around them, and have the desire to facilitate conversations to provoke social action and change. However, this study also demonstrates how people can go years talking, studying, and working in HIV without ever having an “awakening” or deeper understanding of HIV in their local reality. Study results delve into the long-term effects on the local researchers, furthering our understanding of the different ways in which “capacity” is built in the local involvement. The dissertation also explores critical questions about qualitative research methods and ethics within a context of investigating a disease where everyone—researchers and the researched—are either infected or affected. Based on this research, I argue that true education about HIV is a dialogical perpetual process of interrogating what we know, imagining what should be done and trying: Praxis. This heightened awareness of how our daily research practices link to larger systems will help us not to allow our do-gooder attempts to blind us to the harm we may inadvertently do, or to the lost opportunities we squander. Instead, we must capture and maximize our investments in research and people as agents of change and not only as patients, participants, or employees.
33

Kassa, Ida B. „You Are What You (Can) Eat: Cultivating Resistance through Food, Justice, and Gardens on the South Side of Chicago“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/141.

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Though food is widely recognized as a basic necessity for humanity, disparate access to it highlights whose bodies, environments, health, nutrition, and utter existence has mattered most in American society—and whose has mattered the least. Through interviews with residents of the South Side of Chicago about the alternative food pathway they’ve forged for themselves, we learn that food becomes much more than just sustenance. Interviewees describe our present day food system as undeniably rooted in a history of enslavement and exploitation of Black and Brown bodies; they regard food justice work by communities of color as an important source of empowerment as it not only is an act of survival, but also an act of reclamation of spaces they’ve long been historically denied. For them, community gardens are safe spaces for neighbors of all ages to congregate, discuss issues happening in the neighborhood, and ultimately keep the community alive and healthy; they are transformative spaces for community building, learning, and collective healing. Residents become better stewards to the earth and to each other. Ultimately, community-led urban agriculture has the power to transform urban communities and their relationship with food, land, the environment, and each other. Ineffective public health initiatives often fail to sufficiently historicize and contextualize the relationship between social factors, unhealthy urban landscapes, and poor health outcomes. By placing the agency of the affected community at the center of research, however, we might better understand the relationship between positionality, food access, adverse health outcomes and any efforts we make to improve them.
34

McClure, Stephanie M. „"It's Just Gym": Physicality and Identity among African American Adolescent Girls“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1365183024.

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35

Otwori, Beverly N. „It's Going to be Different, but It's Going to be Okay: Caregiver Perspectives on Autism, Culture and Accessing Care“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062816/.

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Through ethnography influenced by public health and anthropological theory, I explored the cultural perceptions of autism among eight caregivers whose children received services from a local Dallas-Fort Worth autism treatment organization. Participant observations and semi-structured interviews with caregivers and program employees provided a rich and nuanced view into the state of care currently available in the DFW area while also highlighting areas for improvement. This research will be used to not only identify the barriers faced by North Texas Families while seeking out care,but also the strategies the organization uses when connecting with families from different backgrounds.
36

Weber, Annalisa D. „Rule-Adherence Within the Mountain Gorilla Tourism Industry“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1431016645.

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37

Hasemann, Jose Enrique. „Dengue Fever in Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Use of the Explanatory Model in a Sample of Urban Neighborhoods to Contextualize and Define Dengue Fever Among Community Participants“. Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3728.

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This project elucidated the explanatory model of dengue fever held by members of urban communities in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. The study was conducted over a four-month period from May-August of 2011, and it was divided into two stages. The first stage of the project consisted of volunteer participation with dengue fever surveillance brigades in the three communities with the highest incidence of dengue fever during the beginning of 2011. This initial stage employed participant observation as its research method. The second stage was conducted in a different community within Tegucigalpa. The primary research methods employed during the second stage of the project were participant observation, semi-structured questionnaires (n=18), and ethnographic surveys (n=32). The semi-structured questionnaires were conducted in three different low-socioeconomic status neighborhoods within the research community, and the ethnographic surveys were administered in a higher-socioeconomic status neighborhood within the same community. Participant observation was conducted in all four neighborhoods. The conceptions of dengue fever were evaluated across differing socio-economic statuses and the possibility of a folk characterization of dengue fever was investigated. The study also explored new avenues for prevention and assessed the impact of surveillance and informational campaigns. In significant aspects, the results from this study ran contrary to previous investigations on the topic (Kendall et al 1991); the results indicated that participants had an explanatory model of dengue fever very similar to the biomedical explanatory model. However, results also indicated that participants had a local-particular, etiological characterization of dengue fever that did not coincide with the biomedical explanatory model of dengue fever. In the latter respect, results were similar to those reported by Kendall et al (1991). Similarly, the participants in this study recognized poor communal cohesion and inadequate/inefficient governmental support or intervention as a prime promoter of dengue fever. The lack of communal cohesion and tension towards governmental authorities in relation to dengue fever has been described by Whiteford (1997). Finally, there were no apparent differences in the explanatory models held by low-socioeconomic status and high-socioeconomic status participants. This study contributes to the fields of anthropology and public health by 1) exploring differences in explanatory models across socio-economic status, 2) discussing local etiologies of dengue fever relating to dirt/filth, and 3) assessing local conceptions of dengue fever within the framework of a folk illness.
38

Stewart, Alicia Kathleen 1972. „The relationship between body composition and indicators of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in Zuni adolescents“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291815.

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The relationships among obesity, body fat distribution, and insulin and glucose levels (fasting and 30-minute post prandial) were examined in Zuni Indian adolescents. Males showed a significantly higher mean lean body mass (LBM), mean waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and mean waist circumference, but a significantly lower mean percent body fat and 30-minute insulin level than did females. Males followed a pattern of abdominal fat distribution while the female pattern was more gluteo-femoral. Increasing mean fasting insulin levels were significantly related to increasing mean fasting glucose levels in both males and females, indicating the presence of insulin resistance in these adolescents. While males and females exhibited a similar correlation between insulin and glucose, females secreted more insulin in response to a glucose load. This study suggests that waist circumference is a preferred method of assessing risk for hyperinsulinemia and possibly insulin resistance than WHR in these adolescents.
39

Breakey, Alicia Ann. „The Life History Significance of Human Breast Milk: Immune and endocrine factors as indicators of maternal condition and predictors of infant health and growth“. Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467473.

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This dissertation explores the relationships between maternal energetic condition, four bioactive compounds in milk, and infant health and growth outcomes through the lens of human life history theory. Research was conducted among the Toba of Barrio Namqom in Formosa, Argentina. This is among the first of studies to apply a life history biology lens to the dynamics of cortisol, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), lactoferrin, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in human milk. First, the role of maternal energetic condition as a predictor of the concentration of these four compounds in milk is explored. Several interesting relationships emerge, including significantly lower milk cortisol and IGF-1 among women with higher body mass index, and significantly higher milk cortisol among primiparous mothers. Next, the relationships between infant symptoms of illness and the two milk immunofactors, lactoferrin and sIgA, are investigated. Lactoferrin is found to exhibit a positive association with symptoms of illness, and sIgA shows a negative association. Finally, associations between concentration of milk bioactives and infant growth rate are tested, as well as associations between infant illness and growth rate, and maternal energetic condition and growth rate. Milk IGF-1 is found to positively associate with infant linear growth rate. Maternal parity is found to negatively associate with linear growth rate. First-born status is associated with significantly greater gains in length and mass over a four-month period. These and other results are discussed through the lens of life history biology and avenues for future research at the intersection of life history biology and public health are identified.
Human Evolutionary Biology
40

Hutson, Sydney Nicole. „Understanding Social, Legal, Economic, and Spatial Barriers to Healthcare Access in El Paso County, Texas Colonias| An Examination of Structural Violence Using Mixed Methods“. Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10276261.

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Healthcare access is a highly reported problem for immigrant populations in the United States, especially for Hispanic migrants at the US-Mexico border. This statement holds particularly true for populations living in unincorporated communities known as colonias in the borderland region. Residents of a colonia are estimated to suffer from preventable or treatable illnesses including tuberculosis, hepatitis A, cholera, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, depression, substance abuse, among other health problems, at two to four times the national average (Matthiesen 1997; Anders et al. 2010:366; Mier et al. 2013:208; Sharkey et al. 2011; Davidhizar 1999). This apparent disparity is a result of unequal healthcare access due to social, legal, economic, and physical/spatial barriers. Using a structural violence framework as a lens, this study attempted to determine the barriers impeding access to healthcare for colonia residents, as well as analyze the interrelationships between the types of barriers. This study utilized semi-structured interviews to gain an understanding of perceived social, legal, spatial/physical, and other suggested barriers preventing healthcare access in El Paso County, TX colonias. In order to fully demonstrate the role of spatial/physical barriers on access to care, this study utilized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map obstacles in the targeted communities.

41

Cutler, Alexander. „Giving Voice to Multiple Sclerosis: A Patient and Provider Investigation“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955054/.

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With the advent of the telephonic and technological healthcare revolution, pharmaceutical corporations seek to improve patient compliance and quality of life by contracting with services providers. As an employee of one such provider, working for more than three years on a medication for the neurologically degenerative disease, multiple sclerosis, this investigation utilizes a mixed methodological approach. In order to improve and diversify the clinical services provided to patients, I was contracted as a consultant. I interviewed phone and PRN nurses, developed and released a PRN survey, and interviewed patients living in the Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas area. The combined experiences and expertise of the three groups who participated would serve to inform and develop new programs and services for patients with differing disease states. The research resulted in a re-imagining of the social networking theory of health, as well as the works of Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault, to serve the evolving tele-health and technologically based healthcare workplace.
42

Mcnab, Philip R. „"Planting Wholesome Seeds": Organic Farming and Community Supported Agriculture at Sweetwater Organic Community Farm“. Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4370.

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Sweetwater Organic Community Farm is an organic farm and environmental education center located in Tampa, Florida. The farm employs the community supported agriculture (CSA) model, in which members pay a single fee before the growing season begins and receive a weekly or biweekly share of the ongoing harvest in return. Using multiple ethnographic methods, this research aimed to understand the daily operations at Sweetwater as well as the perceptions of staff and CSA members. Findings indicated that there were myriad perceived advantages of organic agriculture but also imposing challenges that needed to be overcome. Moreover, staff members acknowledged the challenges associated with the CSA model such as pleasing and educating members and, for members, having to pick up at designated times and locations. Still, staff members also noted countless benefits, including the opportunity to connect to your food, farmers, environment, and community. In surveys, CSA members indicated that they were overwhelmingly satisfied the CSA model and Sweetwater. Complexities were uncovered that are often overlooked in the literature and merit further exploration. Among these were the pressure on farmers that resulted from receiving payments upfront and the willingness of individuals to become members without understanding the CSA model. There is a need for more studies to longitudinally examine changes in social support, food system knowledge, and eating habits that may occur over the course of the growing season.
43

Valencia-Tobon, Alejandro. „Your love hurts down to my bones : exploring public understandings of dengue fever in Medellin, Colombia, through an anthropology-art-science investigation“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/your-love-hurts-down-to-my-bones-exploring-public-understandings-of-dengue-fever-in-medellin-colombia-through-an-anthropologyartscience-investigation(d3f04ff7-a8e5-47c6-ac80-d8bb54d346c8).html.

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This is a study of the creation and negotiation of different forms of knowledge about dengue fever. I explore how anthropology, in collaboration with ideas and practices drawn from science and art, may transform public understandings of dengue. Dengue is a vector-borne disease transmitted to humans by the bite of a mosquito which is infected with the dengue virus. Mosquito-borne diseases have normally been treated through vector control and the elimination of breeding sites. Until 1960, the use of the pesticide DDT allowed the virtual eradication of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) in many places of the world. DDT was banned in most of the world by 1970 and by 1980 the focus on vector-control was replaced by a discourse of sanitation, in which health authorities tried to ‘educate’ populations and ‘teach’ proper hygienic habits to avoid mosquito-human contact. At present, these practices are changing again. The World Health Organisation (WHO) suggests that dengue incidence could be reduced at least 50% by 2020 through applying health campaigns and social interventions that involve having people participating in the control of dengue outbreaks. In this thesis I explore how WHO guidelines are applied in the control of dengue in Medellín, and how we can think about the concepts of ‘knowledge’, ‘education’ and public health campaigns through ethnographic methods. My project has been about looking at how different understandings – or different forms of knowledge – are part of interactions of different ‘publics’, non-expert citizens, virologists, entomologists and artists. My argument is that health campaigns should be re-designed – privileging relations and stimulating debate – by focusing on experience and moving towards managing the disease and living with the mosquito. Contrary to the different models enacted in health campaigns – which neglect the value of everyday experiences – I advocate for interdisciplinary collaboration as a relational art strategy that can generate an intersubjective exchange of experiences.
44

Adler, Carole Neiss, und Carole Neiss Adler. „The relationship of stress to bone loss in postmenopausal women“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291739.

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The objective of this research is to establish the relationship between stress and bone loss, and to determine to what extent it can be mediated by changes in individual perceptions and behavior. It utilizes the results of a sixteen year longitudinal osteoporosis study and is augmented by extensive in-home interviews to assess pertinent psychosocial and health regime factors. The salience of the mind-body-spirit experience is applied to the topic of osteoporosis, a cogent and immediate concern for all women. As a chronic condition of aging, the impact of osteoporosis on the morbidity and mortality of women has long been a concern of health practitioners, anthropologists, and epidemiologists. It presents a formidable threat to quality of life for postmenopausal women. This paper has been developed to explore the possibility that life changes, adjustments and stressors, might have a deleterious effect on bone density in aging women. The attempt to analyze whether bone loss accelerated under stress could not be unequivocally determined. In the process of interview and qualitative analysis it was revealed that the personal strengths of the subjects including positive attitudes, hardiness, and coping styles may well have buffered such losses. In this population, bone loss clearly associated with aging was not as clearly amenable to interventions by the subjects in terms of health and lifestyle behaviors as it appeared to be when bone density changes were not significantly attached to age.
45

Nichols-Belo, Amy. „Globalization On the Ground: Health, Development, and Volunteerism in Meatu, Tanzania“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42860.

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AHEAD (Adventures in Health, Education, and Agricultural Development) is a small grass-roots non-governmental organization working in the rural Meatu, District in Northern Tanzania. The AHEAD project employs Tanzanian nurses who provide health education, child weighing and nutritional counseling, family planning, and antenatal services. AHEAD has recently developed a water quality testing initiative in order to combat unsafe water supplies using solar pasteurization. Dr. Robert Metcalf, an AHEAD volunteer offers â expertiseâ to Meatu through transfer of solar cooking technology. Each summer, AHEAD takes volunteers into this setting who bring with them both â altruisticâ and non-altruistic reasons for volunteering, economic and social capital, and a taste of the world beyond Meatu. This thesis looks at the Summer 2001 AHEAD experience ethnographically from three perspectives: 1) as public health practice, 2) in relation to the contested domain of international â developmentâ , and 3) situated within the larger literature of non-profit and volunteer action research. These three snapshots of AHEAD suggest a project of globalization, theorized as the flow of people, goods, and information across boundaries.
Master of Science
46

Barnes, Shelly Marie. „Investigating the Impact of Patient-Provider Communication on HIV Treatment Adherence“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849690/.

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Today over 1.1 million people are living with HIV/AIDS in the United States; over the last 4 decades mortality rates have decreased largely made in part because of advancement in awareness and treatment options. Treatment adherence has long been considered a vital component in decreasing HIV/AIDS related mortality and has proven to reduce the risk of transmission. However not all patients take their medicine as prescribed. This research study, sponsored by The North Central Texas HIV Planning Council explored how Patient and Provider communication impacted treatment adherence. By utilizing a mixed-methods approach survey data and semi-structured interviews were used to collect insights from both Patients and Providers. Data gleaned through the interview process provided a perspective that could not be captured by using quantitative methods alone. The results from this research yielded multiple themes related to patient and provider communication with recommendations as to how The North Central Texas HIV Planning Council could address treatment adherence, such as Providers focus on Patients perceived severity based on their understanding of disease and illness; that side-effects remain a concern for patients and should not be dismissed; and finally that the word AIDS is perceived to be more stigmatized and as such organizations providing HIV/AIDS related services should explore alternative names where the word AIDS in not included.
47

Monárrez-Espino, Joel. „Health and Nutrition in the Tarahumara of Northern Mexico : Studies among Women and Children“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Women's and Children's Health, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3987.

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Belonging to an indigenous group in Mexico is usually associated with poor health, mainly as the result of social isolation from the mainstream society. The Tarahumara are no exception. They constitute the largest indigenous group in northern Mexico and one of the most marginalized ethnic minorities in North America. Health conditions are precarious, yet very little data are available to facilitate the design and implementation of programs to prevent and manage the main public health problems affecting this people. This thesis aims at overcoming part of this information gap. It presents and discusses the results from studies focusing on the nutrition of women and children carried out between 1997 and 2002.

A survey in a representative district sample of Tarahumara women of reproductive age found the highest prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in their third trimester (38.5%) and those lactating during the first 6 months after delivery (42.9%), along with a high prevalence of iron deficiency. In this study a technique was developed to collect capillary serum samples spotted onto filter paper to measure serum ferritin in remote settings. In the same study, 52.5% of adult women were overweight, suggesting a process of ‘de-Indianization’ of their traditional diet and activity patterns. This issue was followed-up in a later study based on perceptions of food and body shape using cognitive anthropological methods. Speaking Spanish emerged as a clear indication of acculturation that could be associated with an increase in the prevalence of obesity and its consequences. A nutrition survey among Tarahumara children at boarding schools found evidence of zinc, vitamin B12, iron, and iodine deficiencies but found similar anthropometric status to other rural Mexicans. Finally, a qualitative assessment was carried out to identify culturally accepted foods to redesign a food aid basket aimed at alleviating malnutrition among young Tarahumara children.

The results from this thesis provide relevant data for an improved design of interventions to combat and prevent some of the nutritional problems that affect the Tarahumara. These data could also constitute a baseline to which future changes can be compared if similar sampling strategies are used. Overall, the findings highlight the importance and challenge of achieving modernization in a way that not only improves health but at the same time supports, maintains and encourages traditional cultural values. These are not only the foundations of the Tarahumara society, but in some cases also contribute to a better diet and health.


Die Zugehörigkeit zu einer eingeborenen Volksgemeinschaft Mexikos wird gewöhnlich mit einem schlechten Gesundheitszustand, aufgrund sozialer Isolation von der allgemeinen Gesellschaft, verbunden. Die Tarahumara-Indianer sind dabei keine Ausnahme. Sie stellen eine der größten Eingeborenengruppen im Norden des Landes dar und sind eine der ausgeschlossensten ethnischen Minderheiten in Nordamerika. Der Gesundheitszustand ist prekär, da sehr wenige Daten existieren, um die Gestaltung und Einführung von Programmen zur Prävention und Handhabung der, diese Menschen betreffenden, hauptsächlichen Probleme im Gesundheitswesen, zu ermöglichen. Diese Dissertation beabsichtigt, Teil dieses Informationsdefizits zu beseitigen. Sie präsentiert und diskutiert die Ergebnisse von im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2002 durchgeführten Studien, welche die Ernährung der Tarahumarafrauen und -kinder fokussieren.

Eine Umfrage mit einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter, im größten Tarahumara-Bezirk, ergab das höchste Vorkommen von Anämie bei schwangeren Frauen im dritten Trimester (38,5%) und bei solchen, die während der ersten 6 Monate nach der Geburt stillten (42,9%), bedingt durch Eisenmangel. Bei dieser Studie wurde eine Feldtechnik für weit entfernte Gebiete entwickelt, um die Ferritin-Konzentration in Kapillar-Serum auf Filter Papier zu messen. Dieselbe Studie zeigte eine Übergewichtsprävalenz von 52,5% bei erwachsenen Frauen, was auf einen Prozess einer „Entindianisierung“ ihrer traditionellen Diät und Aktivitätsmuster zurückzuführen ist. Dieses Thema wurde bei einer späteren Studie herangezogen, bei welcher der Eindruck von Nahrung und Körperumfang mit kognitiven anthropologischen Methoden evaluiert wurde. Spanisch zu sprechen erschien als eindeutige Indikation für Akkulturation, welche mit einer Zunahme des Vorhandenseins von Übergewicht und seiner Folgen assoziiert werden könnte. Eine Studie zu Schulkindern in Eingeboreneninternaten zeigte Beweise für Zink-, Vitamin B12-, Eisen- und Jodmangel, fand aber ähnliche anthropometrische Status wie bei ländlichen Mexikanerkindern. Schließlich wurde eine qualitative Studie durchgeführt, mit dem Ziel, kulturell akzeptierte Lebensmittel für die Neuentwerfung eines Warenkorbes zu identifizieren, um den Ernährungszustand von Kleinkindern zu verbessern.

Die Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation liefern relevante Daten für eine Verbesserung der Gestaltung von Programmen zur Bekämpfung und Prävention von Ernährungsproblemen, welche die Tarahumaras betreffen. Diese Informationen können auch als „Baseline“ benutzt werden, mit der zukünftige Veränderungen verglichen werden könnten, wenn ähnliche Stichprobenstrategien angewandt würden. Vor allem betonen die Ergebnisse, die Wichtigkeit und Herausforderung, eine Modernisierung zu erreichen, die nicht nur eine Verbesserung der Gesundheit mit sich bringt, sondern gleichzeitig auch, traditionelle Werte unterstützt, aufrechterhält und anregt, da diese Werte nicht nur die Grundlagen der Tarahumara- Gesellschaft sind, sondern in vielen Fällen zu einer besseren Diät und Gesundheit beisteuern.


Att tillhöra en infödd folkgrupp i Mexiko associeras oftast med ett dåligt hälsotillstånd, framför allt på grund av social isolering från det konventionella samhället. Tarahumara indianerna utgör inget undantag. De utgör den största gruppen av infödda i norra Mexiko och är en av de mest utsatta etniska minoriteterna i Nord Amerika. Det finns anledning att oroa sig för de rådande hälsovillkoren då mycket lite information finns tillgänglig för att underlätta utformandet och tillämpningen av program för att förebygga och handskas med de huvudsakliga hälsoproblemen som drabbar denna folkgrupp. Denna avhandling syftar till att försöka täcka upp delar av den informations brist som råder. I den presenteras och diskuteras resultaten från de studier, som inriktar sig på näringstillståndet hos tarahumara kvinnor och barn, genomförda mellan åren 1997 och 2002.

En studie i ett representativt distrikt med ett representativt urval av Tarahumara kvinnor i fertil ålder fann man högst prevalens av anemi bland de gravida kvinnorna som befann sig i sista trimestern (38,5 %) samt i gruppen ammande kvinnor under de 6 första månaderna efter förlossning (42,9 %), detta tillsammans med en hög prevalens av järnbrist. I denna studie utvecklades en metod för insamling av kapillära serum prover som droppades på filter papper för att därefter analysera serum ferritin halten vid avsides liggande sättningar. I samma studie fann man även att 52,5 % av de vuxna kvinnorna var överviktiga, vilket skulle kunna antyda om en “avindianiserings-process” av deras traditionella diet och aktivitets mönster. Detta fynd följdes upp i en senare studie som grundade sig på föreställningar om mat och kroppsform, genom att använda kognitiva antropologiska metoder. Att vara spansktalande framträdde som ett tydligt tecken på kulturförändring som skulle kunna sammankopplas med en ökning i prevalensen av övervikt och dess konsekvenser. En skolbaserad nutritions studie bland Tarahumara barn vid internatskolor visade brist på zink, vitamin B12, järn och jod, dock var dessa fynd likvärdiga med uppmätta värden bland barn på den mexikanska landsbygden. Slutligen genomfördes en kvalitativ studie med avsikt att identifiera kulturellt accepterade maträtter och därigenom kunna omforma regeringens rådande sammansättning av livsmedelsbistånd, med syfte att mildra undernäringen bland unga Tarahumara barn.

Resultaten från denna avhandling ger relevanta data för en förbättrad utformning av interventionsprogram för att bekämpa och förhindra en del av de nutritions problem som drabbar Tarahumara indianerna. Dessa data skulle också kunna utgöra en referenslinje med vilken framtida förändringar kan jämföras med såvida liknande provtagnings rutiner används. Generellt, belyser resultaten vikten och utmaningen att uppnå modernisering på ett sätt som inte enbart förbättrar hälsoläget men som samtidigt upprätthåller och uppmuntrar till att behålla traditionella värderingar. Dessa utgör inte enbart grunden för Tarahumara samhället utan bidrar även därigenom i en del fall till en bättre kosthållning och bättre hälsa.


La pertenencia a un grupo indígena en México se asocia frecuentemente a una salud pobre principalmente como resultado del aislamiento social de la sociedad Mexicana. Los Tarahumaras no son la excepción. Constituyen el grupo indígena más grande del norte del país y una de las minorías étnicas más marginadas de Norteamérica. A pesar de que sus condiciones de salud son precarias, existe muy poca información disponible que facilite el diseño e implementación de programas para prevenir y tratar los problemas de salud pública más importantes que les aquejan. Así pues, esta tesis tiene por objeto cubrir parte de esta falta de información. Presenta y discute resultados de estudios enfocados a la nutrición de mujeres y niños llevados a cabo entre 1997 y 2002.

Una encuesta en una muestra municipal representativa de mujeres Tarahumaras en edad reproductiva mostró la más alta prevalencia de anemia en las embarazadas en el tercer trimestre (38.5%) y las lactantes durante los primeros 6 meses después del parto (42.9%) paralelamente a una alta prevalencia de deficiencia de hierro. En este estudio, se desarrolló una técnica para la toma de muestras de suero capilar en papel filtro para medir los niveles de ferritina sérica en zonas remotas. Asimismo se encontró un 52.5% de sobrepeso en las mujeres adultas, sugiriendo un proceso de “deindigenización” de los patrones dietéticos y de actividad física tradicionales. Este tópico fue seguido en un estudio posterior sobre percepciones de la alimentación y apariencia corporal de la mujer Tarahumara utilizando métodos de antropología cognoscitiva. Hablar español emergió como un claro indicio de aculturación que podría estar asociado a un incremento en la prevalencia de obesidad y sus consecuencias. Una encuesta nutricional con niños Tarahumaras de albergues escolares mostró evidencia de deficiencia de cinc, vitamina B12, hierro y yodo pero encontró un estado antropométrico similar al de otros niños mexicanos del medio rural. Finalmente, se condujo una evaluación cualitativa para identificar alimentos culturalmente aceptables para rediseñar una canasta de ayuda alimentaria con el objeto de aliviar la desnutrición infantil.

Los resultados de esta tesis ofrecen información relevante para el mejoramiento del diseño de intervenciones para combatir y prevenir algunos de los problemas nutricios que afectan a los Tarahumaras. De utilizarse estrategias muestrales similares, esta información podría además constituir el punto de comparación para evaluar cambios futuros. Pero sobre todo, los hallazgos apuntan a la importancia y el desafío para alcanzar una modernización que no solo mejore la salud de los indígenas, sino que además apoye, mantenga y promueva los valores culturales tradicionales, pues estos, además de conformar los cimientos de la sociedad Tarahumara, pueden en varios casos contribuir a una mejor nutrición y salud.

48

Lall, Priya. „Susceptibility and vulnerability of Indian women to the impact of HIV/AIDS“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e4da0b05-58f3-4e81-9ae1-80dc89beed87.

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The objective of this thesis is to examine which socio-economic, structural and cultural factors may influence Indian women’s propensity to contract HIV and later their ability to access the relevant healthcare services for their condition. The research draws on two theoretical frameworks, the first being Barnett and Whiteside’s (2002) concept of social structural factors of disease transmission. Second, Anderson and Aday’s (1981) model of access examines how a variety of structural and resource-based factors, e.g. area of residence, can influence usage of healthcare facilities. Two stages of data analysis were undertaken, the first being secondary statistical analysis of the National Family Health Survey III. The survey provided state level estimates on the HIV sero-status of the general population in India and data on demographic and socio-economic determinants for family planning, nutrition, utilization of healthcare and emerging health issues. The second stage of analysis consisted of a set of qualitative interviews conducted in Andhra Pradesh, India. Thirty-three interviews were conducted with female sero-positive patients and ten with HIV-infected women who were providing social services to others with the same condition. Statistical results on social structural determinants of HIV transmission illustrated that Indian women who were formerly married (OR=5.27, CI=3.07-9.04), lived in higher prevalence states (OR=3.48, CI=2.19-5.54), had a low level of education (OR=2.27, CI=1.40-3.68) and were employed (OR=1.45, CI=0.96-2.18) had significantly (<.05) higher odds of being HIV-positive in comparison to those who were not. Findings in the qualitative phase of analysis were similar but participants’ narratives illustrated that their risk of contracting HIV begun before they even had the opportunity to seek a match as they seemed to live in communities with a high level of HIV prevalence. Many of the participants commented that there were factors outside of their sphere of control, e.g. lack of education, which resulted in them having a narrow choice of potential partners. Additionally, statistical results on female participants’ access to healthcare services indicated the vast majority of HIV-positive respondents were almost certainly not aware of their sero-status as they had not undertaken an HIV test prior to the survey. As the sample of female HIV infected respondents was relatively small, it was difficult to ascertain which social factors had an impact on these participants utilisation of HIV testing services. On the other hand, respondents’ narratives from the qualitative stage of research highlighted on social structural factors which could potentially influence WLHA’s continual utilisation of HIV-related healthcare services. It was found that participants experienced the most barriers to accessing healthcare facilities in the initial phases of their treatment. These barriers were mediated by the structure of healthcare services, culturally sanctioned medical practices (e.g. physicians refusal to inform the patient of their sero-status) and quality of services.
49

Zerbo, Roger. „Dynamiques sociales des comportements de santé au Burkina Faso: approche anthropologique de la prise en charge de la tuberculose dans la région du plateau central“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209842.

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Cette thèse en anthropologie fait suite à des travaux réalisés dans le cadre d’un programme de santé publique mis en œuvre au Burkina Faso. Celui-ci concernait la prise en charge de la tuberculose dans la région sanitaire du plateau central. Le travail dont je me suis occupé, porte sur les aspects anthropologiques de la tuberculose en se focalisant sur les représentations de la maladie, ainsi que la nature des relations et processus thérapeutiques. Il rend compte d’une mise en perspective de la dynamique de prise en charge des malades soufrant de la tuberculose dans les familles et les centres de soins. L’analyse est principalement orientée vers une approche critique sur la place qu’occupent les sciences sociales dans la mise en œuvre de projets de santé et de développement dans une perspective interdisciplinaire. L’anthropologue convié dans un programme de santé publique s'invertie dans le but d’identifier et analyser les perceptions locales, ainsi que les attitudes et pratiques des populations, en indiquant les modalités de leur prise en compte pour faire face aux besoins de santé. Ceci permet de définir des orientations dans la réalisation des programmes de santé qui prennent en compte les réalités locales et les caractéristiques des acteurs. Par ailleurs, l’appropriation et la mise en application des connaissances produites par une démarche anthropologique suscitent bien des interrogations. Par une approche réflexive qui prend racine dans de multiples contributions d’anthropologues impliqués dans des programmes de santé et de développement, je me suis interrogé de savoir dans quelle mesure l’implication de l’anthropologue dans des actions de développement tient lieu d’un corpus qui soulève des questionnements d’ordre méthodologique et théorique. Ces questions ont ouvert des perspectives pour l’élaboration de nouvelles connaissances au travers d’une anthropologie du changement social. A partir de mes propres expériences, j’ai donc essayé d’examiner la pratique de l’anthropologie et les modalités de ses apports au fonctionnement des services de santé et la réalisation des projets de santé publique au Burkina Faso.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
50

Githiora, Rosa Muthoni. „Attitudes And Perceptions Of Female Circumcision Among African Immigrant Women In The United States: A Cultural And Legal Dilemma“. University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1278553618.

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