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1
PARKER, MELISSA, und IAN HARPER. „THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF PUBLIC HEALTH“. Journal of Biosocial Science 38, Nr. 1 (23.11.2005): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005001148.
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The Journal of Biosocial Science regularly publishes papers addressing the social and cultural aspects of disease, sickness and well-being. Most of these papers attempt to understand the prevalence and distribution of disease and sickness within and between populations as well as local responses to biomedical interventions and public health policy more generally. They fall broadly within the remit of human ecology; and they embrace a ‘factorial’ model of disease in which social and cultural factors are deemed to be just one of a number of factors to be considered alongside a range of other factors. These include biological features of the infecting organism; nutritional factors; environmental factors; psychological factors; and genetic factors influencing susceptibility to disease at an individual and population level.
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OUTRAM, SIMON M., und GEORGE T. H. ELLISON. „ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSIGHTS INTO THE USE OF RACE/ETHNICITY TO EXPLORE GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO DISPARITIES IN HEALTH“. Journal of Biosocial Science 38, Nr. 1 (03.11.2005): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005000921.
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Anthropological insights into the use of race/ethnicity to explore genetic contributions to disparities in health were developed using in-depth qualitative interviews with editorial staff from nineteen genetics journals, focusing on the methodological and conceptual mechanisms required to make race/ethnicity a genetic variable. As such, these analyses explore how and why race/ethnicity comes to be used in the context of genetic research, set against the background of continuing critiques from anthropology and related human sciences that focus on the social construction, structural correlates and limited genetic validity of racial/ethnic categories. The analyses demonstrate how these critiques have failed to engage geneticists, and how geneticists use a range of essentially cultural devices to protect and separate their use of race/ethnicity as a genetic construct from its use as a societal and social science resource. Given its multidisciplinary, biosocial nature and the cultural gaze of its ethnographic methodologies, anthropology is well placed to explore the cultural separation of science and society, and of natural and social science disciplines. Anthropological insights into the use of race/ethnicity to explore disparities in health suggest that moving beyond genetic explanations of innate difference might benefit from a more even-handed critique of how both the natural and social sciences tend to essentialize selective elements of race/ethnicity. Drawing on the example of HIV/AIDS, this paper demonstrates how public health has been undermined by the use of race/ethnicity as an analytical variable, both as a cipher for innate genetic differences in susceptibility and response to treatment, and in its use to identify ‘core groups’ at greater risk of becoming infected and infecting others. Clearly, a tendency for biological reductionism can place many biomedical issues beyond the scope of public health interventions, while socio-cultural essentialization has tended to stigmatize ‘unhealthy behaviours’ and the communities where these are more prevalent.
3
Anciaux, Alain. „International Voices: Are We Learning from History?“ Practicing Anthropology 22, Nr. 4 (01.09.2000): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.22.4.v1161n7032367048.
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The panel organized by the SfAA International Committee in San Francisco was focused on the topic "Are We Learning from history: Public Health Research, Policy and Programs." Participants gave the audience the opportunity to reflect upon five questions. The papers were: "Picking Mangos from the Trees: Is the Timing Right?" (Elizabeth Guillette, University of Arizona), "Are Lessons Learned? The Case of a Women's Empowerment Project in Madagascar" (Gisele Maynard Tucker); "Applications of Medical Anthropology to Epidemiological Research: Collaboration and Consternation" (Deborah O. Erwin, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences); "Tolerance toward Cultural Difference in Public Health: Contributions of Medical Anthropology to Ethical Relativism" (Raymond Massé, Laval University); and "Applied Anthropology: the ‘Black Duck’ of Impact Assessment" (Alain Anciaux, Brussels University).
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Mahoney, Dillon, Renice Obure, Krista Billingsley, Michaela Inks, Eugenie Umurutasate und Roberta D. Baer. „Evaluating Understandings of State and Federal Pandemic Policies: The Situation of Refugees from the Congo Wars in Tampa, Florida“. Human Organization 79, Nr. 4 (01.12.2020): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-79.4.271.
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This article addresses underlying inequities for resettling refugees that have been exposed by COVID-19, including language barriers and access to public health information, food, health care, housing, and employment. It also speaks to theoretical concerns about the role of structural forces in creating increased health risks for vulnerable populations. Fieldwork that began in May 2020 investigated the extent to which refugees in Tampa understand and can operationalize the state and federal pandemic policies that have been put in place in the wake of the spread of COVID-19. The issues include understanding of COVID-19 and how it is transmitted, ability and willingness to practice distancing, access to food assistance, ability to help children with remote learning, and workplace disruptions, including the need to file for unemployment. Our method speaks to community-based approaches to anthropological fieldwork in pandemic situations, while demonstrating that critical language skills and in-depth cultural knowledge are essential for evaluating public health pandemic messaging and helping vulnerable populations.
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Gullette, Gregory. „The Built Environment and Public Health, Russell P. Lopez. 2012. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.“ Culture, Agriculture, Food and Environment 35, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2013): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12021.
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Calvente, Lisa B. Y. „Racism is a public health crisis! Black Power in the COVID-19 pandemic“. Cultural Studies 35, Nr. 2-3 (04.05.2021): 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2021.1898017.
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White, Sydney. „From "Barefoot Doctor" to "Village Doctor" in Tiger Springs Village: A Case Study of Rural Health Care Transformations in Socialist China“. Human Organization 57, Nr. 4 (01.12.1998): 480–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.57.4.hp3311372h0xx2u7.
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During the 1970s, a wave of publications emerged in "the West" on the dramatic Cultural Revolution developments which were taking place in rural health care in the People's Republic of China. The PRC's model became internationally renowned in public health and health development circles, and served as the inspiration for the World Health Organization's Primary Health Care initiative. In the early to mid-1980's, however, with the advent of post-Mao political and economic changes in the PRC, specifically rural decollectivization, it was feared that the fate of rural health care in China was seriously threatened. Since the early 1980s, a number of additional scholarly publications have addressed the changes in rural health care in the post-Mao PRC. This article contributes to the ongoing discussion about rural PRC health care by illuminating some of the discrepancies between the policies upon which much of the debate has been based and the actual ways in which the policies were played out "on the ground" as reflected in a case study of one rural area of the PRC. Several key points about the practice of rural health care both during and after collectivization are addressed, as are a number of other concerns, including the financing of rural health care, its relative emphasis on prevention and primary care versus curing and secondary and tertiary care, issues of villagers' access to health services, issues of training and/or professionalization of village health practitioners, and issues of relative emphasis on Chinese versus Western medicine.
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Wolański, Napoleon, und Anna Siniarska. „Dzieje placówek ekologii człowieka w Polsce“. Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 1, Nr. 1 (31.12.2003): 25–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2003.1.1.02.
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Poland is the country where a first scientific institution under the name of Human Ecology (HE) had been established. It took place in 1960 in the National Research Institute of Mother and Child. In 1969 this institution was moved to the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences under the name of Laboratory of Human Ecology then changed into the Department of Human Ecology. In the middle of the 60s, the Laboratory of Human Ecology and Paleopathology was created in the Department of Mediterranean Archaeology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In the 70s the Department of Hygiene and Human Ecology existed in the College of Physical Education in Katowice. HE is the main interest of the Department of Human Populational Ecology, Institute of Anthropology of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. Since 1999 the Division of Human Ecology within the Department of Biology and Human Ecology exists in the Academy of Physical Education in Wrocław. In 2000 the Department of HC in the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences was canceled and then in 2001, the Unit of EC in the Faculty of Christian Philosophy of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University was created. Within this Unit, two Chairs were formed: Human Biology and Cultural Anthropology. The first one contains three Departments: 1. Auxology and Gerontology; 2. Genetics of Human Population and Demography; 3. Public Health and Nutrition. The second Chair has two Departments: 1. Ethnology and Anthropogeography; 2. Urban and Space Planning.
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Harris, Shana. „The Social Practice of Harm Reduction in Argentina: A “Latin” Kind of Intervention“. Human Organization 75, Nr. 1 (01.01.2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0018-7259-75.1.1.
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“Harm reduction” is a public health model that places emphasis on reducing the negative effects of drug use rather than on eliminating drug use or ensuring abstinence. Based on sixteen months of ethnographic research, this article examines how harm reduction in Argentina is both envisioned and observed as a social practice by analyzing how local harm reductionists position their work in relation to “social context.” My informants consider this social emphasis to be characteristic of a “Latin” kind of intervention, which they differentiate from an “Anglo-Saxon” approach focused on individual behavior change. Differentiating between these “cultural” models of intervention helps Argentine harm reductionists guide their social orientation to drug use, risk, and harm by situating interventions in the contexts in which users live and operate. It also allows them to distinguish their social form of harm reduction from a neoliberal one that they associate with the global North. The construction of these distinct cultural models of intervention is a means of critiquing neoliberal approaches to health that advocate technical solutions to changing individual behavior. Ultimately, this construct acts as a political commentary on the limits of an individual-oriented harm reduction project when applied to the Argentine context.
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Cuj, Miguel, Mareike Sattler und Sasha de Beausset. „Maya K’iche’ Food Groups and Implications for Guatemalan Food Guidelines“. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 41, Nr. 2 (25.03.2020): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572120912161.
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The anthropology of linguistics, food, and nutrition sciences has a key role with regard to taking a critical look at the Guatemalan Food Guidelines (GFG). These GFG are communicated to native communities to interpret their eating patterns and the structural cognitive interpretation of these food groups in a cultural context. Our understanding of food is informed by cognitive structure represented by language. Since food is fundamental in human cultural identities, understanding food and food categories from the perspective of Mayan indigenous groups should be a fundamental pillar of health, food, and nutrition. The purpose of this research was to explore the GFG and compare them to K’iche’ understandings of food groups in terms of cognitive structural similarities and differences. The research was carried out in the field by way of semi-structured interviews and participant observation among K’iche’ Mayan families in Nahualá (Western Guatemala) to compare and contrast data collected on K'iche' food groups and corresponding cognitive structure with previously published findings on the GFG. These findings were confirmed through fieldwork, though some of the nuances of subcategories have changed, and significant stress was placed on 2 food groups: wa (corn-based food) and ri’kil (non-corn-based food). The research concludes that the cognitive structure and understanding of food groups and their uses communicated through K’iche’ language differ significantly from the hierarchical, technical description of food groups communicated through the GFG. In order to strengthen public health approaches to food and nutrition, indigenous knowledge must be respected, learned, and integrated into GFG.
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Demchenko, Leslie. „Evolutionism in Cultural Anthropology. By Robert L. Carneiro. Pp. 322. (Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 2003.) £26.99, ISBN 0-8133-3766-6, paperback. doi: 10.1017/S0021932007001885“. Journal of Biosocial Science 39, Nr. 2 (März 2007): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932007001885.
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Curtis, Valerie, Mícheál de Barra und Robert Aunger. „Disgust as an adaptive system for disease avoidance behaviour“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, Nr. 1563 (12.02.2011): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0117.
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Disgust is an evolved psychological system for protecting organisms from infection through disease avoidant behaviour. This ‘behavioural immune system’, present in a diverse array of species, exhibits universal features that orchestrate hygienic behaviour in response to cues of risk of contact with pathogens. However, disgust is also a dynamic adaptive system. Individuals show variation in pathogen avoidance associated with psychological traits like having a neurotic personality, as well as a consequence of being in certain physiological states such as pregnancy or infancy. Three specialized learning mechanisms modify the disgust response: the Garcia effect, evaluative conditioning and the law of contagion. Hygiene behaviour is influenced at the group level through social learning heuristics such as ‘copy the frequent’. Finally, group hygiene is extended symbolically to cultural rules about purity and pollution, which create social separations and are enforced as manners. Cooperative hygiene endeavours such as sanitation also reduce pathogen prevalence. Our model allows us to integrate perspectives from psychology, ecology and cultural evolution with those of epidemiology and anthropology. Understanding the nature of disease avoidance psychology at all levels of human organization can inform the design of programmes to improve public health.
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Solomons, Noel W., und Roxana Valdés-Ramos. „Dietary assessment tools for developing countries for use in multi-centric, collaborative protocols“. Public Health Nutrition 5, Nr. 6a (Dezember 2002): 955–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2002390.
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AbstractIn recent years, increasing interest in the format of multi-centric studies among different populations in developing nations has evolved in the field of health surveys and epidemiology. Dietary intake data are most often part of these cross-cultural and cross-national collaborative efforts. Various questions have been raised about the appropriate endeavours for dietetics and nutritional sciences in developing societies, the instruments available for application, and the pitfalls and caveats in their use. An important consideration is that studies be hypothesis-driven and not mere ‘fishing expeditions’ of unfocused data gathering. All known dietary intake measurement tools are within the purview of developing country research, but they often must be adapted individually and differentially to suit a given population. In a multi-centric context, this is complicated. The watchword should be collecting comparable information across sites, not using identical approaches. Choice of dietary intake measurement tools must be honed to the hypotheses and assumptions, on the one hand, and the exigencies and pitfalls of working in the developing country milieu, in which linguistics, seasonality, migration, uncommonness of food systems and ethical considerations present barriers and caveats, on the other. Within the hypotheses, the assumptions regarding the penetration of the measured exposures must be borne in mind. Multi-centre studies in developing countries have relevance and importance in the context of food security, diet and disease, eating behaviour and satiety regulation, and nutritional anthropology.
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Marabello, Selenia, und Maria Luisa Parisi. „“I Told You the Invisible Can Kill You”: Engaging Anthropology as a Response in the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy“. Human Organization 79, Nr. 4 (01.12.2020): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-79.4.250.
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Italy has been the European country first struck and most heavily affected by COVID-19. Exploring the outbreak’s impact on the migration reception system in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna region, we show how anthropological tools have been applied to mitigate public health misunderstandings and the effects of legislative measures among vulnerable mothers, asylum seekers, and refugees. Following a description of the legal horizon and migrant reception systems, we explore the gaps in representations of COVID-19 containment measures. By observing the underlying structures of social inequality and the relationship between individual/social/political bodies, this essay offers an ethnographically grounded analysis. It investigates how the outbreak has been experienced and represented by vulnerable migrants—diseased adult men, sex trafficked, and mothers migrants—living in reception structures. Although their experiences differ with gender, age, and material conditions, they all show what is at stake: the cultural diffraction of disease representations and symbolic meanings according to a visible/invisible conceptualization in particular institutional forms. Monitoring the social pandemic and local response to COVID-19, we shed light on the reconfiguring of sociocultural beliefs and people’s lived experience of containment measures, quarantine, and prescribed behaviors.
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McKenna, Brian. „Confronting Tyranny in a Public Health Agency“. Anthropology in Action 23, Nr. 1 (01.03.2016): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/aia.2016.230105.
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AbstractThis article details how a community of practice came crashing down on the iron rocks of bureaucracy. I apply Brown and Duguid’s theorisation of the dialectics of ‘working, learning and innovating’ illustrating how these three aspects came to conflict with one another, and how I worked to resolve them. As an anthropologist leading an environmental health project in a mid-Michigan public health agency, I formed a ‘community of practice’ and proceeded as a researcher, ethnographer and community activist for nearly three years, gathering findings to change the agency’s organisational structure, as a form of ‘disruptive innovation’. The community ‘roundtable’ of external project advisors highly supported the penultimate reports on water pollution, air pollution and restaurant health. The interdisciplinary strategies pursued resulted in valuable integrations of new knowledge in public anthropology across several thematic areas: critical public pedagogy, sustainability, citizen science, radical journalism and anthropologies of violence, trauma and transformation.
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Weidman, Hazel. „Clinical Anthropology and Public Health Anthropology: A Commentary“. Human Organization 44, Nr. 1 (01.03.1985): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.44.1.68vp4r6430p73071.
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Betancurth Loaiza, Diana Paola, Luisa Fernanda Guarín García und Juan Alejandro Holguín Zuluaga. „Public Health and Critical Ethnographies“. Duazary 18, Nr. 3 (03.08.2021): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.21676/2389783x.4246.
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This article analyzes characteristic elements of public health as a disciplinary field in contrast to critical ethnography. We carry out an exploratory, integrative review between 2010 and 2020 in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Health and social science databases were used, finding 620 relevant references, of which 64 were studied. The descriptors were ethnography, health, public health, social anthropology, and critical thinking. The articles were classified according to discipline and country of origin. Subsequently, we discuss the presence of ethnography in various public health works, the history of ethnographies, their diverse applications as methods, focus, social impact, and emancipation tools to demonstrate the existence of ethnographies. In conclusion, the main meeting points identified between public health and critical ethnographies were the visibility of researchers/professionals as subjects with whom research is conducted, the multidimensionality of the phenomena addressed, the recognition of issues that involve power tensions, the questioning of other knowledge, and the intention to carry out actions for communities to access health care.
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Bennett-Irby, Megan, Phillip Summers, Keena R. Moore, Stephanie Daniel, Jospeh A. Skelton und Scott D. Rhodes. „3312 Understanding Community-engaged Research at an Academic Medical Center and Learning Healthcare System in the US South“. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (März 2019): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.224.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Wake Forest Baptist Health (WFBH) is an Academic Learning Healthcare System (aLHS) serving 24 counties in North Carolina and Virginia. Like many aLHSs, WFBH experiences strained community relationships attributable to a history of medical and research abuses against marginalized populations. This legacy accompanies longstanding community mistrust in the healthcare system and research. To overcome these challenges, community-engaged research (CEnR) approaches have potential to repair community-academic relationships, improve public health, and empower groups that traditionally have been neglected by or overlooked in research. To develop and revise our understanding of how CEnR is harnessed at WFBH, semi-structured interviews were conducted with investigators and study staff experienced in CEnR approaches. In-depth interview guides were designed iteratively to capture socio-contextual and detailed descriptions of perceptions, experiences, and strategies specific to the use of CEnR. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A keyword search performed within WFBH study records identified 51 investigators whom had submitted research proposals related to CEnR within the past ten years. Sixteen were confirmed eligible based on a review of proposal abstracts, of which 14 responded to email invitations agreeing to participate. Four additional participants were referred by initial participants. Eighteen investigators (16 faculty and 2 research associates) provided consent and completed Interviews. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The participant sample was 50% female with a mean age of 55 years, 11% Black and 89% White, with representation across various academic backgrounds (e.g., anthropology, medicine, psychology, and public health) A majority of participants (89%) hold doctoral degrees (i.e., PhD, DrPH, EdD, MD, and MD-PhD). On average, participants had been employed at WFBH for 13.9 years, and represented various departments including dermatology, epidemiology and prevention, family medicine, neurology, social sciences and health policy, and psychiatry. Nearly all participants (89%) indicated they had never received formal education or training in CEnR, though 100% reported “on-the-job” training in CEnR. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed following an inductive thematic approach, from which twenty-two themes emerged across six domains related to CEnR (Table 2), including: Conceptualization and Purpose, Value and Investment, Community-Academic Partnerships, Sustainability, Facilitators, and Challenges. Results also provided key characteristics that define CEnR (Table 3), and yielded 11 emerging needs necessary to enhance CEnR within aLHSs (Table 4). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The results of this study provide information critical to understanding how CEnR frameworks and approaches can be harnessed not just in Schools of Public Health, but within aLHSs to build and repair community-academic partnerships, inform research and institutional priorities, and address community health concerns. Despite the small sample size, the number of participant interviews was sufficient to achieve saturation while also providing broad and unique perspectives across various fields and CEnR approaches. Overall, participants conceptualized the purpose and goals of CEnR quite similarly, though there was a great deal of variance in how CEnR was defined and operationalized across interviews, indicating a need to more clearly articulate important features that enhance understanding of what CEnR is and what it is not (Table 3). These discrepancies and inconsistencies indicate a potential need for additional formal training in the understanding and use of CEnR approaches, which is supported by the fact that nearly all participants reported receiving no formal training in CEnR. Across all interviews, participants expressed a need for health care providers and researchers to better understand community contexts, social determinants of health, and historical factors influencing community health and participation in research (Table 4). This work and the data presented here are important for informing CEnR approaches and will be useful for guiding the development of a model incorporating the core tenets of CEnR within the mission, vision, and priorities of aLHSs.
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Moreno, Margarita, und Leticia Visbal. „The Application of Anthropology in Clinical Practice: A Public Health Program for Peri-Menopausal and Menopausal Women“. Practicing Anthropology 21, Nr. 3 (01.07.1999): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.21.3.y146x4q258065gp6.
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Anthropology is the science concerning human populations and the holistic analysis of biological, behavioral, cultural and social processes. Excluding human pathology accepted universally as within the field of medicine, it has been suggested that everyone who studies aspects of the human body is actually doing physical anthropology even if they do not realize it.
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Mason, Paul H., Anupom Roy, Jayden Spillane und Puneet Singh. „SOCIAL, HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF TUBERCULOSIS“. Journal of Biosocial Science 48, Nr. 2 (22.05.2015): 206–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932015000115.
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SummaryTuberculosis (TB) researchers and clinicians, by virtue of the social disease they study, are drawn into an engagement with ways of understanding illness that extend beyond the strictly biomedical model. Primers on social science concepts directly relevant to TB, however, are lacking. The particularities of TB disease mean that certain social science concepts are more relevant than others. Concepts such as structural violence can seem complicated and off-putting. Other concepts, such as gender, can seem so familiar that they are left relatively unexplored. An intimate familiarity with the social dimensions of disease is valuable, particularly for infectious diseases, because the social model is an important complement to the biomedical model. This review article offers an important introduction to a selection of concepts directly relevant to TB from health sociology, medical anthropology and social cognitive theory. The article has pedagogical utility and also serves as a useful refresher for those researchers already engaged in this genre of work. The conceptual tools of health sociology, medical anthropology and social cognitive theory offer insightful ways to examine the social, historical and cultural dimensions of public health. By recognizing cultural experience as a central force shaping human interactions with the world, TB researchers and clinicians develop a more nuanced consideration of how health, illness and medical treatment are understood, interpreted and confronted.
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Chico, Tita. „2Science and Medicine“. Year's Work in Critical and Cultural Theory 27, Nr. 1 (2019): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ywcct/mbz002.
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AbstractThe titles reviewed in this chapter concern science and medicine studies. They represent work drawn from a variety of contexts and disciplinary perspectives, including science and technology, the history of science, literary studies, critical race theory, medical humanities, cultural anthropology, public health, the philosophy of science, transnationalism, media studies, archive studies, and book history. The chapter opens with 1. Notable Books—extended discussions of three especially significant books. Subsequent sections are dedicated to: 2. Bodies and Embodiment; 3. Epistemology and Dissemination; 4. Institutions and Praxis; and 5. Conversations (Journals). Readers will note certain themes running throughout, which include decolonizing science, embodiment, form, circulation, and praxis.
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Lena B., Stepanova. „Diseases of the Indigenous Peoples of Yakutia in Photo Projects of the Late XIX ‒ First Third of the XX Centuries“. Humanitarian Vector 16, Nr. 3 (Juni 2021): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-108-119.
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Disease theme of indigenous population of the Northern national outskirts of Russia, as well as the study of special knowledge in the field of traditional medicine and healing practices, for a long time belonged to the taboo part of knowledge. However, at the beginning of the twentieth century, there was a turning point in the visual culture of region, when the picture of diseases was expressed through the camera and became public. There are works of photographers documenting the course of the most dangerous diseases, such as leprosy and external manifestations of mental disorders. The aim of this study is to study external factors that influenced the genesis of the “medical” series of visual images of the population of Northeast Asia. The research methodology is based on a cultural and historical analysis of the events that preceded its appearance and subsequent application in medical practice in order to document the course of diseases in the Soviet period. This article presents the results of a brief review of the prehistory of the “medical” direction in ethnographic photography of the Yakut region. The circle of photographers of the Yakut region is defined, where stories illustrating the diseases that the local population suffered from are reflected. At the beginning of the twentieth century, footage of medical practices and shamanistic rituals for healing were presented in the photo projects by I. V. Popov and A. P. Kurochkin. In the 1920s-1930s. the genre of “medical photography” is represented by the works of the doctor-epidemiologist T. A. Kolpakova, military surgeon E. A. Dubrovin, unknown with the initial “D”, who worked in the medical detachment of the Commission for the Study the Productive Forces of the Yakut Republic (CYR) The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union and the People’s Committee the Health of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. The experience of studying this topic serves as a clear illustration of the specifics of the region and in some way confirms the conclusions made by the participants of numerous expeditions that studied the foreign population of the Yakut region and predicted the inevitable extinction in the future. Keywords: medical anthropology, anthropology of disease, visual research, indigenous people, visual text, visual sources
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Harris, Jerry, Robin Munro und Michael Zhang. „Defending workers’ rights in China“. Race & Class 48, Nr. 3 (Januar 2007): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396807073861.
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China’s tremendous economic growth over the last two decades has begun a historic shift away from the economic dominance of the West that is the subject of much commentary and debate. Far less known is the impact on Chinese workers themselves, who are frequently denied the rights laid down in labour laws and also lack the protection of public health services or unemployment benefits. Protests against these conditions are steadily growing. China Labour Bulletin is one NGO that acts to defend workers’ rights and publicise the present situation.
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Erickson, Pamela I. „Integrating Behavioral and Social Sciences with Public Health:Integrating Behavioral and Social Sciences with Public Health.“ Medical Anthropology Quarterly 16, Nr. 2 (Juni 2002): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/maq.2002.16.2.249.
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Phillips, Donald F. „Ethics Gains a Foothold in Science and Public Policy Arenas“. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 1, Nr. 3 (1992): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100000463.
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In the last issue of Cambridge Quarterly, I summarized several sessions on bioethics held at conferences sponsored by organizations that are not usually thought of as being in the mainstream of bioethics. In particular, I mentioned the American Public Health Associtation and the American Anthropological Association as examples of organizations with broad interdisciplinary memberships that have developed specialized interests in the relationships between their respective fields (Public health and anthropology) and healthcare ethics. The article pointed out that there are other voices outside the field of bioethics that make valuable contributions to the shape, function, and direction the field takes.
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Ozawa-de Silva, Chikako, und Michelle Parsons. „Toward an anthropology of loneliness“. Transcultural Psychiatry 57, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2020): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461520961627.
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Loneliness, which is increasingly recognized as a public health concern, is not just a matter of individual psychology or cognition, but inherently social, cultural, and relational. It is an affective, subjective, and intersubjective reality, distinct from the physical reality of social isolation. This introduction to the thematic issues of Transcultural Psychiatry argues that the social and cultural nature of loneliness is an important area of study that requires interdisciplinary approaches and can particularly benefit from ethnography. Contributors explore concepts and expressions of loneliness in Japan, Kenya, Mexico, North Africa, Palestine, Russia, and the US. Cross-cutting themes include the importance of cultural expectations, practice, place, and recognition in the experience of loneliness. Loneliness is a culturally shaped experience that is problematized and medicalized across cultures, but it may also be fundamental to the human condition.
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Nunes, Everardo Duarte. „Ethical aspects considered by researchers who use qualitative approaches in health“. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 13, Nr. 2 (April 2008): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232008000200010.
Annotation:
The paper first analyzes the ethical question of qualitative researches from the philosophical viewpoint, and the bioethical question as an interdisciplinary gap that enlarges from the seventies. Afterwards, the question on qualitative research considered as technique and art is raised and understood in a philosophical way of thinking science as a theoretical body, which is epistemically organized in the face of the social reality investigation, and as a movement instituted to defend and discuss the properties of these methodologies. Anthropology is used as an example, and some parts of the codes of professional ethics of anthropology, sociology and psychology are presented. Finally, particularities of the social science fields are discussed, as well as the need to develop a code of ethics for qualitative research. In addition, ethical ways to work in social researches are suggested.
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PORTER, JOHN D. H. „EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF ANTHROPOLOGY TO PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY AND PRACTICE“. Journal of Biosocial Science 38, Nr. 1 (14.11.2005): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005001070.
Annotation:
Academic disciplines like anthropology and epidemiology provide a niche for researchers to speak the same language, and to interrogate the assumptions that they use to investigate problems. How anthropological and epidemiological methods communicate and relate to each other affects the way public health policy is created but the philosophical underpinnings of each discipline makes this difficult. Anthropology is reflective, subjective and investigates complexity and the individual; epidemiology, in contrast, is objective and studies populations. Within epidemiological methods there is the utilitarian concept of potentially sacrificing the interests of the individual for the benefits of maximizing population welfare, whereas in anthropology the individual is always included. Other strengths of anthropology in the creation of public health policy include: its attention to complexity, questioning the familiar; helping with language and translation; reconfiguring boundaries to create novel frameworks; and being reflective. Public health requires research that is multi-, inter- and trans-disciplinary. To do this, there is a need for each discipline to respect the ‘dignity of difference’ between disciplines in order to help create appropriate and effective public health policy.
29
Williams, Janet K., und Toni Tripp-Reimer. „From Ecologyto Base Pairs: Nursing and Genetic Science“. Biological Research For Nursing 3, Nr. 1 (Juli 2001): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109980040100300102.
Annotation:
With the mapping of the human genome has come the opportunity for nursing research to explore topics of concern to the maintenance, restoration, and attainment of genetic-related health. Initially, nursing research on genetic topics originated primarily from physical anthropology and froma clinical, diseasefocused perspective. Nursing research subsequently focused on psychosocial aspects of genetic conditions for individuals and their family members. As findings emerge from current human genome discovery, new programs of genetic nursing research are originating froma biobehavioral interface, ranging fromthe investigations of the influence of specific molecular changes on gene function to social/ethical issues of human health and disease. These initiatives reflect nursing’s response to discoveries of gene mutations related to phenotypic expression in both clinical and community-based populations. Genetic research programs are needed that integrate or adapt theoretical and methodological advances in epidemiology, family systems, anthropology, and ethics with those from nursing. Research programs must address not only populations with a specific disease but also communitybased genetic health care issues. As genetic health care practice evolves, so will opportunities for research by nurses who can apply genetic concepts and interventions to improve the health of the public. This article presents an analysis of the evolution of genetic nursing research and challenges for the future.
30
Ganguli-Mitra, Agomoni, Ingrid Young, Lukas Engelmann, Ian Harper, Donna McCormack, Rebecca Marsland, Lotte Buch Segal, Nayha Sethi, Ellen Stewart und Marlee Tichenor. „Segmenting communities as public health strategy: a view from the social sciences and humanities“. Wellcome Open Research 5 (26.05.2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15975.1.
Annotation:
On the 5th of May 2020, a group of modellers, epidemiologists and biomedical scientists from the University of Edinburgh proposed a “segmenting and shielding” approach to easing the lockdown in the UK over the coming months. Their proposal, which has been submitted to the government and since been discussed in the media, offers what appears to be a pragmatic solution out of the current lockdown. The approach identifies segments of the population as at-risk groups and outlines ways in which these remain shielded, while ‘healthy’ segments would be allowed to return to some kind of normality, gradually, over several weeks. This proposal highlights how narrowly conceived scientific responses may result in unintended consequences and repeat harmful public health practices. As an interdisciplinary group of researchers from the humanities and social sciences at the University of Edinburgh, we respond to this proposal and highlight how ethics, history, medical sociology and anthropology - as well as disability studies and decolonial approaches - offer critical engagement with such responses, and call for more creative and inclusive responses to public health crises.
31
Murcott, Anne. „Anthropology and Primary Health Care (Book).“ Sociology of Health and Illness 14, Nr. 3 (September 1992): 426–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep11357524.
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Linder, Fletcher. „Slave Ethics and Imagining Critically Applied Anthropology in Public Health Research“. Medical Anthropology 23, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2004): 329–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740490515556.
33
Tauer, Carol A. „AIDS: Human rights and public health“. Medical Anthropology 10, Nr. 2-3 (März 1989): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740.1989.9965963.
34
Little, Peter C. „Negotiating Community Engagement and Science in the Federal Environmental Public Health Sector“. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 23, Nr. 2 (11.05.2009): 94–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1387.2009.01049.x.
35
Smith, Maxwell J., Alison Thompson und Ross E. G. Upshur. „Public Health as Social Justice? A Qualitative Study of Public Health Policy-Makers’ Perspectives“. Social Justice Research 32, Nr. 3 (25.02.2019): 384–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11211-019-00327-7.
36
King, Denae W., Isabel Torres Vigil, Angelica P. Herrera, Richard A. Hajek und Lovell A. Jones. „Working Toward Social Justice“. Californian Journal of Health Promotion 5, SI (01.05.2007): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v5isi.1194.
Annotation:
Health disparities research encompasses a complex web of areas of cross-disciplinary expertise from fields such as health policy, public health, economics, sociology, psychology, anthropology, communications, genetics, biology, environmental science, ethics, and law. Dissemination of health disparities research is paramount to educating and training professionals, academics, community leaders, students and others about the subject area, and providing them with the necessary tools to affect change and eliminate health disparities. This paper chronicles the development of a unique health disparities and social justice research educational program held annually by The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Center for Research on Minority Health. The program is composed of a college semester course and summer workshop, which in the past five years, has become a preeminent program in the United States. The program's impetus, premise, evaluation, and future directions are discussed.
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Hengstermann, Mayari. „‘What is anthropology good for?’ Anthropologists working in public health interstices“. Social Anthropology 28, Nr. 2 (Mai 2020): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12804.
38
Moubarac, Jean-Claude. „Persisting problems related to race and ethnicity in public health and epidemiology research“. Revista de Saúde Pública 47, Nr. 1 (Februar 2013): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102013000100014.
Annotation:
A recent and comprehensive review of the use of race and ethnicity in research that address health disparities in epidemiology and public health is provided. First it is described the theoretical basis upon which race and ethnicity differ drawing from previous work in anthropology, social science and public health. Second, it is presented a review of 280 articles published in high impacts factor journals in regards to public health and epidemiology from 2009-2011. An analytical grid enabled the examination of conceptual, theoretical and methodological questions related to the use of both concepts. The majority of articles reviewed were grounded in a theoretical framework and provided interpretations from various models. However, key problems identified include a) a failure from researchers to differentiate between the concepts of race and ethnicity; b) an inappropriate use of racial categories to ascribe ethnicity; c) a lack of transparency in the methods used to assess both concepts; and d) failure to address limits associated with the construction of racial or ethnic taxonomies and their use. In conclusion, future studies examining health disparities should clearly establish the distinction between race and ethnicity, develop theoretically driven research and address specific questions about the relationships between race, ethnicity and health. One argue that one way to think about ethnicity, race and health is to dichotomize research into two sets of questions about the relationship between human diversity and health.
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Dungey, Claire, und Neil Stephens. „Learning about dentistry: enacting problems at the Wellcome Collection exhibition ‘Teeth’“. Journal of Science Communication 17, Nr. 03 (19.09.2018): R03. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.17030603.
Annotation:
We review how the Wellcome Collection exhibition ‘Teeth’ enacts meanings from an educational anthropology and Science and Technology Studies perspective. The exhibition tells the history of dental science. It starts with accounts of the painful procedures and social inequalities of early oral healthcare. As it moves towards the present day it shows improved scientific knowledge, tools and public health promotion, and closes with current sophisticated technologies and practices. However it underrepresents contemporary social inequalities. We conclude that science communication exhibition curators should strive to represent the problems of today as well as those of the past.
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Poltorak, Mike. „Anthropology, brokerage, and collaboration in the development of a Tongan public psychiatry: Local lessons for global mental health“. Transcultural Psychiatry 53, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2016): 743–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461516679072.
Annotation:
The Global Mental Health (GMH) movement has raised questions of the translatability of psychiatric concepts and the challenges of community engagement. In Tonga, the local psychiatrist Dr Puloka successfully established a publicly accessible psychiatry that has improved admission rates for serious mental illnesses and addressed some of the stigma attached to diagnosis. On the basis of historical analysis and ethnographic fieldwork with healers, doctors, and patients since 1998, this article offers an ethnographic contextualization of the development and reception of Puloka’s three key interventions during the 1990s: (a) collaboration with traditional healers; (b) translation of psychiatric diagnoses into local cultural concepts; and (c) encouraging freedom of movement and legal appeal to involuntary admission. Dr Puloka’s use of medical anthropological and transcultural psychiatry research informed a community-engaged brokerage between the implications of psychiatric nosologies and local needs that can address some of the challenges of the Global Mental Health movement.
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Crane, Johanna T. „Dreaming partnership, enabling inequality: administrative infrastructure in global health science“. Africa 90, Nr. 1 (Januar 2020): 188–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972019001001.
Annotation:
AbstractThis article examines the fiscal and administrative infrastructures underpinning global health research partnerships between the US and Uganda, and the power dynamics they entail. Science studies scholars and anthropologists have argued for the importance of studying so-called ‘boring things’ – standards, bureaucracies, routinization, codes and databases, for example – as a way to bring to the surface the assumptions and power relations that often lie embedded within them. This article focuses on fiscal administration as an understudied ethnographic object within the anthropology of global health. The first part of the article is a case study of the fiscal administration of a US–Uganda research partnership. The second part describes the institutionalization of some of the administrative norms and practices used by this partnership within the ‘global health enabling systems’ employed by US universities working in Uganda and elsewhere in Africa. I analyse a case study and ‘enabling systems’ to show how these administrative strategies create parallel infrastructures that avoid direct partnership with Ugandan public institutions and may facilitate the outsourcing of legal and financial risks inherent in international partnerships to Ugandan collaborators. In this way, these strategies act to disable rather than enable (or build) Ugandan research and institutional capacity, and have profound implications for African institutions as well as for the dream of ‘real partnership’ in global health.
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CESARINI, PAOLA, und SHAREEN HERTEL. „Interdisciplinary Approaches to Human Rights Scholarship in Latin America“. Journal of Latin American Studies 37, Nr. 4 (November 2005): 793–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x05009879.
Annotation:
Human rights are the focus of research and teaching in multiple fields including law, philosophy, political science, sociology, anthropology, economics, psychology, history, literature and public health. Human rights are also the focus of advocacy and on-the-ground investigation by activists affiliated with nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), labour unions and social movements. Scholars interested in rights-based issues thus often face a dual challenge: that of crossing disciplinary boundaries in order to explore human rights questions, and that of bridging the academic-practitioner divide.
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Rosen, Alan. „Return from the vanishing point: a clinician's perspective on art and mental illness, and particularly schizophrenia“. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 16, Nr. 2 (Juni 2007): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00004747.
Annotation:
SUMMARYAims - To examine earlier uses and abuses of artworks by individuals living with severe mental illnesses, and particularly schizophrenia by both the psychiatric and arts communities and prevailing stereotypes associated with such practices. Further, to explore alternative constructions of the artworks and roles of the artist with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses, which may be more consistent with amore contemporary recovery orientation, encompassing their potentials for empowerment, social inclusion as citizens and legitimacy of their cultural role in the community. Results - Earlier practices with regardto the artworks of captive patients of psychiatrists, psychotherapists, art therapists, occupational and diversional therapists, often emphasised diagnostic or interpretive purposes, or were used to gauge progress or exemplify particular syndromes. As artists and art historians began to take an interest in such artworks, they emphasised their expressive, communicative and aesthetic aspects, sometimes in relation to primitive art. These efforts to ascribe value to these works, while well-meaning, were sometimes patronising and vulnerable to perversion by totalitarian regimes, which portrayed them as degenerate art, often alongside the works of mainstream modernist artists. This has culminated in revelations that the most prominent European collection of psychiatric art still contains, and appears to have only started to acknowledge since these revelations, unattributed works by hospital patients who were exterminated in the so-called “euthanasia” program in the Nazi era. Conclusions - Terms like Psychiatric Art, Art Therapy, Art Brut and Outsider Art may be vulnerable to abuse and are a poor fit with the aspirations of artists living with severe mental illnesses, who are increasingly exercising their rights to live and work freely, without being captive, or having others controlling their lives, or mediating and interpreting their works. They sometimes do not mind living voluntarily marginal lives as artists, but they prefer to live as citizens, without being involuntarily marginalised by stigma. They also prefer to live with culturally valued roles which are recognised as legitimate in the community, where they are also more likely to heal and recover.Declaration of Interest: This paper was completed during a Visiting Fellowship, Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, & Department of Medical Anthropology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass, USA. A condensed version of this paper is published in “For Matthew & Others: Journeys with Schizophrenia”, Dysart, D, Fenner, F, Loxley, A, eds. Sydney, University of New South Wales Press in conjunction with Campbelltown Arts Centre & Joan Sutherland Performing Arts Centre, Penrith, 2006, to accompany with a large exhibition of the same name, with symposia & performances, atseveral public art galleries in Sydney & Melbourne, Australia. The author is also a printmaker, partly trained at Ruskin School, Oxford, Central St. Martin's School, London, and College of Fine Arts, University of New South Wales, Sydney.
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Carlson, L. „Bibliography of the History of Australian Science, No. 22, 2001“. Historical Records of Australian Science 14, Nr. 1 (2002): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr02007.
Annotation:
Main sources for this bibliography were the 2001 editions of various databases such as the Australian Public Affairs Information Service (APAIS), Chemical Abstracts and Medline Express. In addition, issues of a number of Australian journals published in 2001 were scanned, and readers of the bibliography sent information about relevant items to the compiler. Most items included were published in 2001, but a number of earlier publications were also found which it was thought should be included. The scope of the bibliography is limited to material on the history of the natural sciences (mathematics, physical sciences, earth sciences and biological sciences), some of the applied sciences (including medical and health sciences, agriculture, manufacturing and engineering), and human sciences (psychology, anthropology and sociology). Biographical material on practitioners in these sciences is also of interest. The compiler would like to thank those people who sent items or information about items published during 2001 for inclusion in the bibliography. It would again be appreciated if he could be notified about other items dealing with the history of science in Australasia, the South West Pacific area and Antarctica published during 2001, but have been omitted. Readers are invited to alert the compiler to the publication of books, journal articles, conference papers, reports, Masters and PhD theses and reviews on the subject published during 2002 for inclusion in future bibliographies. Pertinent information should be sent to the compiler, C/- Deakin University Library, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia or by e-mail to laurie.carlson@austehc.unimelb.edu.au.
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Sanabria, Emilia. „Circulating Ignorance: Complexity and Agnogenesis in the Obesity “Epidemic”“. Cultural Anthropology 31, Nr. 1 (23.10.2015): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca31.1.07.
Annotation:
This article examines what is said to be un/known about obesity and the ways in which attributions of knowledge or ignorance circulate in the field of public health nutrition. Risks caused by individual behaviors have been an overstated concern in public health. Obesity, like many of today’s complex problems, is determined by myriad nested interactions spanning the political economies of market regulation, modes of agricultural production, the biochemistry of appetite regulation, and changing family structures. Yet public intervention—and the science produced to validate it—remains wedded to a mode of intervening that has limited purchase on the complexity with which it contends. This article draws on scholarship on the social construction of ignorance to argue that the field of evidence in obesity science is fashioned in a way that deflects attention (and responsibility) away from questions of food production and marketing and continues to frame the problem as one of individual responsibility. Rather than discrediting the veracity of evidence produced out of industry-research partnerships that increasingly dominate public health research, this article examines how the field of evidence has been structured by these relations. It argues that the demonstration of causal relations between political and socioeconomic determinants of malnutrition and measurable health indexes is largely impossible, not simply because of the absence of good evidence but because the existing parameters of good science cannot straightforwardly reveal such relations. This, in turn, is due to the configuration of the knowable in terms of whether knowledge can be made operational.
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Njegovanović, Ana. „Financial Decision Making in The Framework of Neuroscience / Anthropology with Review to The Pandemic and Climate Change“. Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 4, Nr. 4 (2020): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.4(4).55-65.2020.
Annotation:
The purpose of this paper is interdisciplinary research of combinations of different disciplines of (natural) anthropology/neuroscience of consciousness and quantum physics and (social sciences) of financial decision making in the context of climate change and pandemics, which can be useful for finding new information, solving complex problems. The aim of this study is to provide insights into financial decision-making through the intertwining of anthropology/neuroscience and quantum physics in financial decision-making within COVID 19 and climate change and what their relationship/outcomes are. Human consciousness has slipped towards the collapse of convergent crises. Namely, health and climate change are intertwined. The causes of the COVID 19 crisis and climate change are common and their effects are approaching. The climatic situation and COVID-19, a zoonotic disease, are subject to human activity that has led to environmental degradation. Neither the climate crisis nor the zoonotic pandemic was unexpected. They have led to the loss of life that could have been prevented by delayed, insufficient, or wrong actions. Financial decision-making requires harmonizing public health improvements, creating a sustainable economic future, and better protecting remaining natural resources and biodiversity Perhaps in this context financial simplification could be defined as the coexistence of all options with different degrees of potential that we will choose (it is a superposition), other options cease to exist for us when we enter the so-called zero of the desired option (the brain prepares our decisions). The results of the research showed us that COVID 19 and climate change have caused economic risks and uncertainties that have far-reaching and profound implications for financial decision-making as well as the financial services industry and its institutions. Extending tools through anthropology/neuroscience and quantum physics has given us knowledge of the need to connect both the natural and social sciences to understand the complex world around us. Keywords: Anthropology, Neuroscience, Quantum physics, Financial Decision Making.
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Sanderson, Brittney, und Doug Henry. „Learning from Parents of Children with Childhood Asthma“. Practicing Anthropology 41, Nr. 1 (01.01.2019): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.41.1.43.
Annotation:
Abstract Families of children with asthma have to shoulder immense burdens as part of care, and yet the social science literature on their experiences is not well developed or up-to-date. As part of a class project in Anthropology and Public Health, we interviewed eleven parents about their experiences with a chronically ill child and uncovered important themes about emotions, learning, assessments of risk, and control. We assert that asking parents about their experiences providing and monitoring and care can provide important data that could inform asthma management programs in the establishment of better support, education, and care.
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Donà, Giorgia. „Race, immigration and health: the Hostile Environment and public health responses to Covid-19“. Ethnic and Racial Studies 44, Nr. 5 (22.02.2021): 906–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2021.1881578.
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Nicholls, Emily Jay, und Marsha Rosengarten. „PrEP (HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis) and its possibilities for clinical practice“. Sexualities 23, Nr. 8 (12.11.2019): 1327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460719886556.
Annotation:
In this article, we reflect on the possibilities that PrEP (HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis) raises for HIV specialist clinicians. Often neglected, yet a direct participant at the intersection of a complex tension within public health debates on how to reduce HIV transmission and the sexual sociability of individuals, we reflect on current thinking of health practitioners involved in the day-to-day practice of prescribing PrEP. Drawing on interviews with practitioners in the context of UK sexual health and HIV specialist medicine, while bearing in mind neoliberal critiques and process studies of medical science, we propose that PrEP invites the possibility for reconstituting approaches to sex and risk.
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Chowkwanyun, Merlin. „THE STRANGE DISAPPEARANCE OF HISTORY FROM RACIAL HEALTH DISPARITIES RESEARCH“. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 8, Nr. 1 (2011): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x11000142.
Annotation:
AbstractAlthough thriving in many respects, racial health disparities research suffers from a lack of historical analysis and may be in danger of reaching a saturation point. This article examines how renewed attention to history can enhance the explanatory power of such research. First, it surveys a body of writing on what history can contribute to contemporary social science and policy debates. Next, it compares current racial health disparities research to the analytical impasse encountered by urban poverty researchers of the late 1980s and early 1990s. It contrasts that work with two classic post-Second World War urban histories, and identifies qualities of the latter lacking in conventional social science. The essay then surveys historically oriented works on race and health, pointing out their usefulness to racial health disparities research while discussing promising future research directions. It concludes with a brief reflection on changes in the academic institutional context necessary for fruitful synergy between public health researchers and historians.