Thematische Bibliographien / Herbivory attack

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Herbivory attack“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 20. Februar 2023

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Herbivory attack"

de Bobadilla, Maite Fernández, Roel Van Wiechen, Gerrit Gort, and Erik H. Poelman. "Plasticity in induced resistance to sequential attack by multiple herbivores in Brassica nigra." Oecologia 198, no. 1 (October 13, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-05043-1.

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AbstractIn nature, plants interact with multiple insect herbivores that may arrive simultaneously or sequentially. There is extensive knowledge on how plants defend themselves against single or dual attack. However, we lack information on how plants defend against the attack of multiple herbivores that arrive sequentially. In this study, we investigated whether Brassica nigra L. plants are able to defend themselves against caterpillars of the late-arriving herbivore Plutella xylostella L., when plants had been previously exposed to sequential attack by four other herbivores (P. xylostella, Ath

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SCHMIDT, GEROLD, and GERHARD ZOTZ. "Herbivory in the epiphyte, Vriesea sanguinolenta Cogn. & Marchal (Bromeliaceae)." Journal of Tropical Ecology 16, no. 6 (November 2000): 829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400001747.

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Although herbivory in ground-rooted flora is well documented, current knowledge of the herbivore pressure on vascular epiphytes remains mostly anecdotal. Here, we present the results of a 3-year study on the herbivory in a population of the epiphytic bromeliad Vriesea sanguinolenta. In different years, 26–61% of all epiphytes showed traces of herbivore attack, while up to 4.4% of the entire leaf area of the epiphyte population was consumed annually. The recorded levels of damage to photosynthetic tissue, mostly caused by the larvae of Napaea eucharilla (Riodinidae, Lepidoptera), indicate that

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Bont, Zoe, Marc Pfander, Christelle A. M. Robert, Meret Huber, Erik H. Poelman, Ciska E. Raaijmakers, and Matthias Erb. "Adapted dandelions trade dispersal for germination upon root herbivore attack." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1921 (February 26, 2020): 20192930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2930.

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A plant's offspring may escape unfavourable local conditions through seed dispersal. Whether plants use this strategy to escape insect herbivores is not well understood. Here, we explore how different dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale agg.) populations, including diploid outcrossers and triploid apomicts, modify seed dispersal in response to root herbivore attack by their main root-feeding natural enemy, the larvae of the common cockchafer Melolontha melolontha. In a manipulative field experiment, root herbivore attack increased seed dispersal potential through a reduction in seed weight in pop

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Kliebenstein, Daniel, Deana Pedersen, Bridget Barker, and Thomas Mitchell-Olds. "Comparative Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Glucosinolates, Myrosinase and Insect Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana." Genetics 161, no. 1 (May 1, 2002): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/161.1.325.

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Abstract Evolutionary interactions among insect herbivores and plant chemical defenses have generated systems where plant compounds have opposing fitness consequences for host plants, depending on attack by various insect herbivores. This interplay complicates understanding of fitness costs and benefits of plant chemical defenses. We are studying the role of the glucosinolate-myrosinase chemical defense system in protecting Arabidopsis thaliana from specialist and generalist insect herbivory. We used two Arabidopsis recombinant inbred populations in which we had previously mapped QTL controlli

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Campos, Wellington G., Ana P. Faria, Maria Goreti A. Oliveira, and Hérica L. Santos. "Induced response against herbivory by chemical information transfer between plants." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 20, no. 4 (December 2008): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202008000400001.

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Plants respond to herbivores and pathogens attack with increased emission of volatile organic compounds. These molecules act as indirect defences when attracting natural enemies of herbivores and thus benefit the plant. It remains controversial whether undamaged plants capture chemicals released by damaged neighbouring plants and respond to them by increasing their defensive barriers against an imminent attack. In spite of public appeal and of this being the 25th year of the Talking Trees Hypothesis, only recently have the most sceptical scientists been convinced. The induced response to herbi

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Bebber, Dan, Nick Brown, and Martin Speight. "Drought and root herbivory in understorey Parashorea Kurz (Dipterocarpaceae) seedlings in Borneo." Journal of Tropical Ecology 18, no. 5 (August 21, 2002): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467402002511.

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The influence of herbivory on dipterocarp seedling growth and survival in Bornean primary lowland forest understorey during and after the 1997–8 El Niño-Southern Oscillation was investigated. During the drought, a coleopteran (Scolytidae) root borer attacked dipterocarp seedlings, primarily of the genus Parashorea. Infestation was spatially heterogeneous on a large (c. 100 m) scale. Attack rate decreased with plant vigour within infested areas. Experiments showed that root damage was fatal under drought conditions, but not after rain. Defoliation and apical meristem removal did not increase mo

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Rusman, Quint, Peter N. Karssemeijer, Dani Lucas-Barbosa, and Erik H. Poelman. "Settling on leaves or flowers: herbivore feeding site determines the outcome of indirect interactions between herbivores and pollinators." Oecologia 191, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04539-1.

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Abstract Herbivore attack can alter plant interactions with pollinators, ranging from reduced to enhanced pollinator visitation. The direction and strength of effects of herbivory on pollinator visitation could be contingent on the type of plant tissue or organ attacked by herbivores, but this has seldom been tested experimentally. We investigated the effect of variation in feeding site of herbivorous insects on the visitation by insect pollinators on flowering Brassica nigra plants. We placed herbivores on either leaves or flowers, and recorded the responses of two pollinator species when vis

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Castro, Jorge. "Postfire Burnt-Wood Management Affects Plant Damage by Ungulate Herbivores." International Journal of Forestry Research 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/965461.

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I analyze the effect of post-fire burnt wood management on herbivore attack on a woody plant species (Ulex parviflorus). Two experimental plots of ca. 20 hectares were established at two elevations in a burnt area in a Mediterranean mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain). Three replicates of three treatments differing in post-fire burnt wood management were established per plot: “no intervention” (NI, all trees remained standing), “partial cut plus lopping” (PCL, felling the trees, cutting the main branches, and leaving all the biomassin situ), and “salvage logging” (SL; removal of logs and eliminati

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García-Guzmán, Graciela, and Julieta Benítez-Malvido. "Effect of litter on the incidence of leaf-fungal pathogens and herbivory in seedlings of the tropical tree Nectandra ambigens." Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, no. 2 (February 6, 2003): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403003195.

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Effects of litter cover on insect herbivory, leaf-fungal damage, and seedling performance (survival, growth in height and leaf number), were assessed on established Nectandra ambigens seedlings in three sites of a Mexican tropical rain forest. Naturally occurring seedlings were measured for height, leaf number and standing levels of leaf damage by herbivores and pathogens. Thereafter, seedlings were exposed for 1 y to three litter treatments: (1) litter addition, (2) control and (3) continuous litter removal. There was a significant effect of site on the proportion of surviving seedlings and o

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Lawrence, Susan D., Nicole G. Novak, Chelsea J. T. Ju, and Janice E. K. Cooke. "Examining the molecular interaction between potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata." Botany 86, no. 9 (September 2008): 1080–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-074.

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Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is a devastating herbivorous pest of solanaceous plants. Despite the economic impact, little is known about the molecular interaction of CPB with these plants. Using an 11 421 expressed sequence tag (EST) potato microarray, we identified 320 genes differentially expressed in potato leaves in response to CPB herbivory. Amongst these were genes putatively encoding proteinase inhibitors along with enzymes of terpenoid, alkaloid, and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways, suggesting the defensive chemistries that constitute potato’s defense against CPB herbivory. Sever

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Herbivory attack"

Zabaras, Dimitrios, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Determination of induced changes in foliar emissions of terpene-accumulating plants." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Zabaras_D.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/809.

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Stress-induced changes in the emissions of volatiles from many economically-important plants have been demonstrated in studies over the past decade. Plants such as cotton and corn change both the composition and concentration of their emissions when subjected to wounding, herbivory and pathogen attack. Terpene-accumulating plants have been overlooked as potential objects of such studies although work on conifers has shown that species rich in constitutive defences can also exhibit induced responses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether terpene-accumulating plants respond to stress

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König, Malin A. E. "Context dependency of plant – animal interactions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-101067.

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The strength and direction of interactions between organisms vary spatially across the landscape. Traditionally, the focus has been on how trait variation affects the interactions between species. However, differences in abiotic and biotic environmental factors may also alter the distribution, phenology and behavior of the interacting species. To be able to understand why an interaction varies across the landscape, the effects of trait variation has to be separated from the effects of the environmental context. In this thesis, I try to separate the effects of context and trait differences on p

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Pais, Mara Patrícia. ""Artrópodos e suas relações de herbivoria como bioindicadores nos primeiros estágios de uma recomposição de floresta estacional semidecidual em Ribeirão Preto, SP"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-29032005-105741/.

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Em 1998 iniciou-se no campus da USP de Ribeirão Preto, SP, um projeto recuperação florestal entitulado "Floresta da USP", com o propósito de recompor,numa área de 75 ha, a floresta estacional semidecidual, um dos tipos de vegetação nativa da região. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as principais modificações que se processam neste novo habitat nos primeiros anos seguidos ao plantio, utilizando a comunidade de artrópodos e as relações de herbivoria como bioindicadores. Inicialmente, foram avaliados alguns parâmetros da estrutura do habitat em quatro sub-áreas com idades diferentes,

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Ribeiro, Fabiane Moreira Mundim. "Efeito da herbivoria por saúvas sobre a fenologia, sobrevivência, crescimento e conteúdo nutricional de árvores do Cerrado." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2009. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13303.

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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais Herbivory often influences the fitness and development of attacked trees, acting as an important factor of evolutionary pressure on a species ecology. However, there are few studies that show the effects of insect herbivores on Cerrado tree species. In this study I evaluated the impact of the leaf-cutter ant Atta laevigata on the vegetative and reproductive phenology, survival, growth, architecture and leaf nutrients of six tree species of a Cerrado vegetation. For three years, I visited individuals of Cardiopetalum callophylum, Couss

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Orre, G. U. S. "'Attract and reward' : combining a floral resource subsidy with a herbivore-induced plant volatile to enhance conservation biological control." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1429.

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Experiments were conducted to assess whether a concept termed 'attract and reward' (A&R) could enhance conservation biological control (CBC). In A&R, a synthetically-produced herbivore induced plant volatile (HIPV) ('attract') is combined with a floral resource ('reward'). It is anticipated that the two will work synergistically attracting natural enemies into the crop ('attract') and maintaining them within the crop ('reward'). The study system consists of brassica, the most commonly occurring brassica herbivores, their natural enemies and higher order natural enemies. The HIPV deployed is me

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Ferreira, Beatriz Zidioti [UNESP]. "Herbivoria por Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 sobre espécies arbóreas em restauração florestal." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123248.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-23Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:59:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000829618.pdf: 753713 bytes, checksum: 2979f64b4b2f31cece5635b570076eae (MD5) Formigas cortadeiras são herbívoros que possuem grande potencial para modificar comunidades e ecossistemas em sucessão e por isso são considerados engenheiros do ecossistema. A maioria dos danos causados por formigas ocorre em folhas jovens, o que dificulta o estabelecimento e o desenvolvimento inicial das mudas plantadas, de modo que podem atr

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Ferreira, Beatriz Zidioti 1990. "Herbivoria por Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 sobre espécies arbóreas em restauração florestal /." Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123248.

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Orientador: Giselda Durigan Banca: José Marcelo Domingues Torezan Banca: Maria Teresa Z. Toniato Resumo: Formigas cortadeiras são herbívoros que possuem grande potencial para modificar comunidades e ecossistemas em sucessão e por isso são considerados engenheiros do ecossistema. A maioria dos danos causados por formigas ocorre em folhas jovens, o que dificulta o estabelecimento e o desenvolvimento inicial das mudas plantadas, de modo que podem atrasar a recuperação da estrutura e da diversidade, no caso de plantios de restauração. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se formiga

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Vieira, de Araújo Júnior Manoel. "Efeito da fragmentação florestal nas taxas de herbivoria da formiga cortadeira Atta cephalotes." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/803.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:05:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4673_1.pdf: 1020452 bytes, checksum: 6679147632fee29c9a442885745c3dac (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 As principais conseqüências da fragmentação são a redução e o isolamento dos habitats e um maior efeito de borda nos remanescentes. As mudanças decorrentes desse efeito permitem o estabelecimento de espécies pioneiras nos fragmentos e nas áreas de borda de floresta. Como as formigas cortadeiras coletam preferencialmente espécies

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Figueroa, Falcão Poliana. "Efeito da fragmentação florestal na diversidade de plantas cortadas pela formiga cortadeira Atta cephalotes." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/797.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:05:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4669_1.pdf: 1092673 bytes, checksum: 5c908f5008336af54124196d541e4cc3 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 Este estudo testou a hipótese que a riqueza e a diversidade de material vegetal coletado por colônias das formigas cortadeiras Atta cephalotes são menores em áreas perturbadas como bordas de floresta e fragmentos devido a maior proporção de espécies pioneiras nessas áreas. O trabalho foi realizado em uma área de floresta Atlântica, n

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Sávio, Damásio da Silva Paulo. "A distribuição das formigas cortadeiras (Atta chephalotes) e seu papel na regeneração de um trecho de Floresta Atlântica Nordestina." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/685.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:04:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo6290_1.pdf: 1029280 bytes, checksum: 30f66adca744f6cdb95c80517f48c77e (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior As formigas cortadeiras são consideradas importantes herbívoros em florestas tropicais primárias porque promovem a heterogeneidade espacial e temporal de recursos, como luz, nutrientes e solo. Porém, a distribuição destas formigas em florestas em estágios sucessionais i

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Bücher zum Thema "Herbivory attack"

Plant defense: Warding off attack by pathogens, pests and vertebrate herbivores. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

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Walters, Dale. Plant Defense: Warding off Attack by Pathogens, Herbivores and Parasitic Plants. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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Walters, Dale. Plant Defense: Warding off Attack by Pathogens, Herbivores and Parasitic Plants. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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Wirth, Rainer, Bert Hölldobler, Hubert Herz, Ronald J. Ryel, and Wolfram Beyschlag. Herbivory of Leaf-Cutting Ants: A Case Study on Atta Colombica in the Tropical Rainforest of Panama. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Wirth, Rainer, Bert Hölldobler, Hubert Herz, Ronald J. Ryel, and Wolfram Beyschlag. Herbivory of Leaf-Cutting Ants: A Case Study on Atta colombica in the Tropical Rainforest of Panama. Springer, 2010.

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Herbivory of Leaf-Cutting Ants: A Case Study on Atta colombica in the Tropical Rainforest of Panama (Ecological Studies). Springer, 2003.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Herbivory attack"

Lev-Yadun, Simcha. "Evaluating Risk: The Problematic and Even Erroneous Common View of “No Damage or No Attack Equals No Risk”." In Defensive (anti-herbivory) Coloration in Land Plants, 15–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42096-7_6.

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Hill, Martin P., and Julie A. Coetzee. "How can progress in the understanding of antagonistic interactions be applied to improve biological control of plant invasions?" In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 363–76. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0363.

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Abstract Classical biological control has been used as a management tool for invasive non-native plant species globally for over 200 years. There have been some very successful programmes, most notably on waterweeds, cacti and seed reduction in perennial trees. Seventy per cent of agents released have established in at least one instance, and 66% of the targeted invasive species have showed some level of control. However, some programmes have failed to meet expectations, for example on Lantana camara. The most commonly cited reasons for the failure of establishment or limited efficacy of biological control agents are unsuitable climatic conditions and genotype incompatibility. We propose that antagonistic biotic interactions play a significant role in the outcomes of weed biological control programmes. Induced plant defences (physical and chemical) that can be mounted rapidly by the invasive non-native plants can result in the reduction in agent populations after initial attack. Rapid induction of plant defences have been implicated in the lack of long-term establishment of the agent Falconia intermedia that showed great initial promise against the widespread invasive shrub L. camara. Host range expansion by native natural enemies onto biological control agents have also been shown to reduce population growth of agents. Finally, competition from indigenous plant species aids invasive alien plant population reduction in the presence of herbivory. All three factors have been poorly studied and further work is needed to better explain the outcomes of weed biological control programmes.

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van Rijn, Paul C. J. "Do plants reduce herbivore attack by providing pollen?" In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships, 351–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1654-1_115.

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Hill, Martin P., and Julie E. Coetzee. "How can progress in the understanding of antagonistic interactions be applied to improve biological control of plant invasions?" In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 363–76. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0020.

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Classical biological control has been used as a management tool for invasive non-native plant species globally for over 200 years. There have been some very successful programmes, most notably on waterweeds, cacti and seed reduction in perennial trees. Seventy per cent of agents released have established in at least one instance, and 66% of the targeted invasive species have showed some level of control. However, some programmes have failed to meet expectations, for example on Lantana camara. The most commonly cited reasons for the failure of establishment or limited efficacy of biological control agents are unsuitable climatic conditions and genotype incompatibility. We propose that antagonistic biotic interactions play a significant role in the outcomes of weed biological control programmes. Induced plant defences (physical and chemical) that can be mounted rapidly by the invasive non-native plants can result in the reduction in agent populations after initial attack. Rapid induction of plant defences have been implicated in the lack of long-term establishment of the agent Falconia intermedia that showed great initial promise against the widespread invasive shrub L. camara. Host range expansion by native natural enemies onto biological control agents have also been shown to reduce population growth of agents. Finally, competition from indigenous plant species aids invasive alien plant population reduction in the presence of herbivory. All three factors have been poorly studied and further work is needed to better explain the outcomes of weed biological control programmes.

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Greg Murray, K., and Sharon Kinsman. "Plant-Animal Interactions." In Monteverde. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095609.003.0014.

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The term “plant-animal interactions” includes a diverse array of biologically important relationships. Plant-herbivore relationships (in which an animal feeds on whole plants or parts of them) are examples of exploitation, because one species benefits from the interaction while the other suffers. Plant-pollinator and plant-seed disperser relationships (in which animals disperse pollen or seeds, usually in return for a food reward) are examples of mutualisms because they are beneficial to both parties. Another class of plant-animal mutualisms involves plants that provide nesting sites and/or food rewards to ants, which often protect the plant from herbivores or competing plants. Plantpollinator and plant-seed disperser mutualisms probably originated as cases of exploitation of plants by animals (Thompson 1982, Crepet 1983, Tiffney 1986). Many of the distinctive plant structures associated with animal-mediated pollen and seed dispersal (e.g., flowers, nectaries, attractive odors, fleshy fruit pulp, and thickened seed coats) presumably evolved to attract consumers of floral or seed resources while preventing them from digesting the pollen or seeds. mutualisms in structuring ecological communities. Competition and predator-prey interactions were more common subjects. Botanists had described the characteristics of the plant and animal players in pollination and seed dispersal mutualisms (Knuth 1906, 1908, 1909, Ridley 1930, van der Pijl 1969, Faegri and van der Pijl 1979), but these descriptive works did not fully examine plant-animal mutualisms in the context of communities. The opportunity to work in the neotropics, facilitated by the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS), the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), and other institutions, attracted the attention of temperate-zone ecologists to the mutualisms that are much more conspicuous components of tropical systems than of temperate ones (Wheelwright 1988b). Plant-pollinator interactions have attracted more attention in Monteverde than plant-frugivore interactions, and plant-herbivore interactions remain conspicuously understudied. This imbalance probably reflects the interests of those who first worked at Monteverde and later returned with their own students, rather than differences in the significance of the interactions at Monteverde or elsewhere. Aside from a few studies of herbivory in particular species (e.g., Peck, “Agroecology of Prosapia,”), even basic surveys remain to be done.

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Johnson, Scott N., and Ximena Cibils-Stewart. "Advances in understanding plant root responses to root-feeding insects." In Understanding and improving crop root function, 231–66. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2020.0075.13.

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This chapter presents an overview of the interactions between plant roots and root-feeding insect herbivores, focussing on changes in growth and physiology and crucially how roots are defended against insect attack. Several reviews have covered the ecology and management of insect root herbivores, together with their interactions with the abiotic and biotic soil environment. Therefore, the chapter focuses particularly on advances in our understanding of how plant mutualistic fungi may affect root-herbivores. This is an emerging area of research, with many attendant knowledge gaps, but we argue that this is an important component of how plants resist attack by belowground insect herbivores.

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"Water Relations of Plants Attacked by Pathogens, Insect Herbivores and Parasitic Plants." In Physiological Responses of Plants to Attack, 130–52. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118783054.ch6.

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Tuma, Jiri, Lenka Tumova, and Matej Semerak. "The changes of cabbage selected metabolites production in depending on herbivore insect attack." In Abstract book of the 18th Alps-Adria Scientific Workshop, 164–65. Szent István Egyetemi Kiadó Nonprofit Kft., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34116/nti.2019.aa.72.

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"Plants’ Defense Against Insects." In The Chemistry of Plants and Insects: Plants, Bugs, and Molecules, 54–79. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781782624486-00054.

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Plants have evolved a wealth of highly diverse chemical compounds in response to insect attacks. This chapter addresses the major groups of chemical plant defenses. Many unrelated plants produce viscous secretions, known as resins or gums, in response to wounding or insect attacks. Volatile monoterpenes with strong odors in leaves deter insects. In response to injury, plants can synthesize defensive volatiles de novo, like green-leaf volatiles related to hexanol and increased amounts of mono- and sesquiterpenes. Many examples of multipartite relationships link a plant, its herbivores, and the herbivores’ natural enemies. Cyanogenic glycosides are widespread defensive plant compounds that generate hydrogen cyanide when leaves or other plant parts are damaged. Structures of common cyanoglycosides and mechanisms of their reactions in plants are shown. Glucosinolates, also known as mustard oils, are sulfur- and nitrogen-containing plant compounds found mainly in plants of the cabbage family (Brassicaceae). Numerous insects have learned to tolerate and to adapt to glucosinolates. Diverse defensive compounds, that to humans have a distinct bitter taste, deter insect herbivores. Some of them, like neem, have been used as insect repellents since ancient times. Chemical structures of bitter-tasting plant compounds are introduced, like azadirachtin from neem, tannins, and the alkaloid quinine. Plant toxins, including the major family of alkaloids, harm or kill invading insects. The occurrence and typical structures of alkaloids are introduced. Characteristic ring structures in alkaloids are commonly used to classify these plant defenses. Plant latex occurs in about 10% of all angiosperms. The structures of characteristic latex components are introduced, like rubber, bitter compounds like lactucin and the alkaloid morphine, and the cardenolide calotropin from milkweeds.

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Maun, M. Anwar. "Animal–plant interactions." In The Biology of Coastal Sand Dunes. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570356.003.0015.

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Population dynamics of plant species of coastal sand dunes is influenced directly, both above and below the soil surface, by a wide variety of organisms. Plants serve as sources of carbon and pathogens including viruses, insects, bacteria, fungi, birds, and mammals of various kinds. Some enhance plant performance while others have deleterious effects. Positive interactions include pollination of flowers by useful insects in return for nectar and pollen, nutrient acquisition from soil by mycorrhizal fungi in exchange for carbon and acquiring nitrogen (N) from N-fixing bacteria. In the history of co-evolution between plants and organisms over one hundred million years plants have developed many mechanisms to defend themselves from pathogens. Morphology may be altered by producing epicuticular waxes, developing trichomes over leaves, producing tough leaves with deposition of celluloses, lignin, suberin and callose, developing thorns on stems and branches or producing secondary plant metabolites that retard development, intoxicate or kill herbivorous insects. Herbivory may induce a plant to produce chemicals that signal to advertise the presence of insects feeding on them and attract parasites to reduce their numbers. Phenological escape is also employed, such as delay of leaf expansion during periods of insect abundance. Some indirect mechanisms of plant defence involve the use of insects such as ants for protection from other phytophagous insects. However, the predators have also evolved the ability to break down the defence mechanisms of the plant. For example, they may use phytochemicals for their own defence or as olfactory clues for feeding. In this chapter a brief account of organisms of the coastal dune communities, including species of the intertidal zone, scavengers of the sea coast, reptiles, birds, insects, mammals and their possible interactions with terrestrial vegetation is presented. For biological organisms of the seashore the intertidal zone is the most important for food and shelter. The sand-dwelling species of the seashore must be able to contend with four limiting factors: (i) rush of water from the approaching or receding high tide and pounding breakers, (ii) low salinity of the top surface of sand (iii) desiccation of surface by high winds and sunshine and (iv) extreme changes in temperature of topsoil.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Herbivory attack"

Mathieu, Amélie, Véronique Letort, Renaud Gosset, Jacques Gignoux, and Paul-Henry Cournède. "Simulation of Morphological Plasticity of Acacia tortilis in Response to Herbivore Attacks." In 2009 Third International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications (PMA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pma.2009.30.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Herbivory attack"

Fagúndez, Jaime, Laura Lagos, José Antonio Cortés Vázquez, and Flávia Canastra. Galician Wild Ponies. Socio-Economic Context and Environmental Benefits: Galicia Area Report and Case Study for GrazeLIFE (LIFE18 PRE NL 002). Publishing Service-University of A Coruña, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498234.

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The University of A Coruña is partner of the GRAZELIFE LIFE preparatory project (LIFE 18 PRE/NL002). We contributed to the main aim of the project of promoting sustainable grazing by large herbivores, with the study of the particular case of Galician wild ponies as a natural grazing semi-wild land use model, and alternative land uses of short and long-term afforestation, extensive grazing and abandonment. We selected two sub-areas in Galicia representing different situations in dominant land uses and the wild ponies’ system. Xistral, in the north, is a protected Natura 2000 site covered by wet

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