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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „African americans – migrations – history”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Blocker, Jack S. "Writing African American Migrations." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 10, no. 1 (2011): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781410000150.

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Efforts to write the history of the African American migrations of the Civil War era, the Gilded Age, and the Progressive Era began soon after the start of these historically significant movements. Early scholarship labored to surmount the same methodological obstacles faced by modern scholars, notably scarce documentation, but still produced pathbreaking studies such as W. E. B. Du Bois'sThe Philadelphia Negro, Carter Woodson'sA Century of Negro Migration, and Clyde Kiser'sSea Island to City. Modern scholarship since the 1950s falls into eight distinct genres. An assessment of representative

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Adams, Beatrice J. "Habitual Return." Southern Cultures 30, no. 2 (2024): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scu.2024.a934712.

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Abstract: The histories of two families are examined to explore how African Americans remained attached to the American South during the Great Migration—the mass migration of African Americans out of the American South during the first half of the twentieth century. These continued attachments are described as habitual return, the ritualized practice of African Americans' frequent returns to the South. Weaving together family history and archival documents, the concept of habitual return illuminates the region as more than a place to flee from, as it remains the cultural home of countless Afri

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Peters, T. Ralph. "Finklebine, Sources Of The African-American Past - Primary Sources In American History; Thomas, Ed., Plessy C. Ferguson - A Bried History With Documents." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 23, no. 2 (1998): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.23.1.98-100.

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Two new works document the history of African-American struggle for equal rights in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Finklebine's work, Sources of the African-American Past: Primary Sources in American History, is a welcome addition to the primary source literature on the perpuity of, and challenges to, the social positions African Americans inhabited from the slave trade through recent times. Organized chronologically along topical lines, the book covers the slave trade, the colonial experience, the Revolution, free blacks, slavery, black abolitionism, emancipation, Reconstruction, seg

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Walvin, James. "Rethinking Atlantic History." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 83, no. 3-4 (2009): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002455.

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[First paragraph]Shaping the Stuart World 1603-1714: The Atlantic Connection. Allan I. Macinnes & Arthur H. Williamson (eds.). Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2006. xiv + 389 pp. (Cloth US$ 135.00)Slavery and the British Empire: From Africa to America. Kenneth Morgan. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. x + 221 pp. (Paper US$ 32.00)Although an important debate continues about the concept itself, the use of “the Atlantic” has embedded itself in scholarly vernacular. The scholarly output directly spawned by an engagement with the concept continues apace. That ocean, and the peoples w

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Sawadogo, Boukary. "Presence and exhibition of African film in Harlem." Journal of African Cinemas 12, no. 2-3 (2020): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jac_00034_1.

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Throughout the twentieth-century American history, the circulation of African arts in the New York City runs parallel with African American activism. The African on-screen presence in Harlem needs to be examined in this broader context in order to better grasp the historical trajectory of its development in the neighbourhood and also the encounters and exchanges between Africans and African Americans. Today, the increased interest in African screen media productions result from the confluence of two phenomena: the current Black renaissance and the reconfigurations of African cinema under the i

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Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. "Building intellectual bridges: from African studies and African American studies to Africana studies in the United States." Afrika Focus 24, no. 2 (2011): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02402003.

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The study of Africa and its peoples in the United States has a complex history. It has involved the study of both an external and internal other, of social realities in Africa and the condition of people• of African descent in the United States. This paper traces and examines the complex intellectual, institutional, and ideological histories and intersections of African studies and African American studies. It argues that the two fields were founded by African American scholar activists as part of a Pan-African project before their divergence in the historically white universities after World

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Björk, Ulf Jonas. "Race War Flares Up: Chicago’s Swedish Press, the Great Migration, and the 1919 Riots." American Studies in Scandinavia 51, no. 1 (2019): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v51i1.5788.

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This study of the three large Swedish-language weeklies in Chicago examines how they covered the city’s African-American community during the latter half of the 1910s, a time when blacks migrated to the North in huge numbers. In Chicago, the result was that the African-American population almost tripled between 1910 and 1920. Little of that was visible in the columns of the weeklies, however, with only a handful of items telling readers that blacks were arriving in record numbers. What news there was about African-Americans, moreover, tended to portray them as criminals. Consequently, the riot

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Gottlieb, Peter. "Kimberley L. Phillips, Alabama North: African-American Migrants, Community, and Working-Class Activism in Cleveland, 1915–45. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1999. xv + 334 pp. $59.95 cloth." International Labor and Working-Class History 60 (October 2001): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547901304532.

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Kimberley Phillips adds a fine study of African-Americans' northward migration, community development, and working-class formation to a series of similar works published in the 1980s and 1990s. Alabama North opens new reaches of African-Americans' early twentieth century experience in both North and South, but especially in Cleveland, a major industrial city and significant destination for Southern black migrants. We have known most about the city's African-American community at this time from the landmark study of ghetto development by Ken Kusmer, published in 1976. Like the more recent field

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Stern, Steve J. "Paradigms of Conquest: History, Historiography, and Politics." Journal of Latin American Studies 24, S1 (1992): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00023750.

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The Quandary of 1492The year 1492 evokes a powerful symbolism.1The symbolism is most charged, of course, among peoples whose historical memory connects them directly to the forces unleashed in 1492. For indigenous Americans, Latin Americans, minorities of Latino or Hispanic descent, and Spaniards and Portuguese, the sense of connection is strong. The year 1492 symbolises a momentous turn in historical destiny: for Amerindians, the ruinous switch from independent to colonised history; for Iberians, the launching of a formative historical chapter of imperial fame and controversy; for Latin Ameri

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Karandeev, Ivan, and Valery Achkasov. "A HISTORY OF AFRICAN AMERICAN SEPARATISM IN THE UNITED STATES." Political Expertise: POLITEX 19, no. 3 (2023): 461–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.307.

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This article analyzes the history of the development of the phenomenon of radical African-American movements classified as separatist. The roots of the phenomenon go back to the abolitionist movement of the mid-19th century, but most of these movements appeared in the USA in the 1920s - 1960s, after the migration of African Americans from the southern states, referred to the «black belt» to the industrialized states of the North and their concentration in ethnically homogeneous ghettos of large cities with a disadvantaged socio-economic situation. Irredentist movements that appealed to the con

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Joranger, Terje Hasle. "Migration, Regionalism, and the Ethnic Other, 1840-1870." American Studies in Scandinavia 48, no. 2 (2016): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v48i2.5451.

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This article shows accounts of Norwegian immigrants and their encounter with various ethnic groups in America including Native Americans, African-Americans, Chinese, Irish, and Yankees in the period between 1840 and 1870. The article presents several regions in the United States, namely the Upper Midwest, Texas, and California. The use of primary source material including newspapers, guidebooks and letters provide good insights into thoughts and attitudes, and not the least prejudice, among this Old immigrant group toward the ethnic “Other.” The Norwegian immigrant group aimed at becoming good

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Alex-Assensoh, Yvette M. "African Americans, African Immigrants and Homeland-Diaspora Development in Africa." African Diaspora 3, no. 2 (2010): 207–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187254610x526922.

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Abstract Mainstream understandings of nation-state development focus primarily on economic factors, consequently rendering invisible other viable ways, through which important development occurs in African societies. In extending the current theoretical framework beyond its focus on economics to encompass political, human capital and technological development, this article provides evidence linking African Americans to African attempts at development, first in Ethiopia, which remained uncolonised until 1938 and then through Ghana, which became the first sub-Saharan African nation to gain its i

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Black, Dan A., Seth G. Sanders, Evan J. Taylor, and Lowell J. Taylor. "The Impact of the Great Migration on Mortality of African Americans: Evidence from the Deep South." American Economic Review 105, no. 2 (2015): 477–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20120642.

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The Great Migration—the massive migration of African Americans out of the rural South to largely urban locations in the North, Midwest, and West—was a landmark event in US history. Our paper shows that this migration increased mortality of African Americans born in the early twentieth century South. This inference comes from an analysis that uses proximity of birthplace to railroad lines as an instrument for migration. (JEL I12, J15, N31, N32, N91, N92, R23)

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Lee, Chanhaeng. "Migration to the “First Large Suburban Ghetto” in America." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 44, no. 2 (2018): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2018.440206.

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In this article, I argue that Korean immigrant merchants were active agents who opened small businesses in South Central Los Angeles in order to overcome a range of disadvantages faced in American society. From a structural point of view, Korean immigrant merchants constituted a middleman minority group that played the dual role of “oppressed and oppressor” in the suburban ghetto. Although these merchants made efforts to maintain civil relations with their African American customers, they were often treated with hostile attitudes largely because of the exploitative relationship that existed be

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Al Areqih, Rashad Mohammed Moqbel. "Search for Ancestral Roots in Morgan Jerkins’s Wandering in Strange Lands." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 1 (2022): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n1p154.

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Many African Americans seek to unravel their history and ancestral roots, much of which was lost during the Great Migration that took place between 1916 and 1970. Morgan Jerkins’s Wandering in Strange Lands (2020) explores the history and the ancestral roots of the Jerkins family, along both the paternal and maternal lineages. Written as a memoir, rather than a historical or genealogical report, the narrative is supported by documents, records, transcripts, photos and interviews conducted by Jerkins herself. Her research uncovers the stories of other African-Americans and their native identity

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Collins, William J. "Race, Labor Markets, and Social Disorder in Twentieth-Century America." Social Science History 29, no. 2 (2005): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012931.

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In 1900, approximately 10 percent of African Americans resided in central cities; by 1970, nearly 60 percent did, far higher than the corresponding proportion of whites. This geographic redistribution was central to the twentieth-century African American economic experience, with connections radiating in innumerable directions: to labor markets, housing markets, educational systems, the civil rights movement, and public policy responses to discrimination and poverty. Although migration patterns are not their focus, each essay in this special section is closely connected to the black population

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Shepherd, Donisha, and Suzanne Pritzker. "Political Advocacy Without a Choice." Advances in Social Work 21, no. 2/3 (2021): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24135.

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From social work’s early days, African American social workers were engaged in what today is termed as political social work, yet their work is often overlooked in both social work education and the broader retelling of our profession’s history. This article examines the early history of African American political social work, using Lane and Pritzker’s (2018) five domains of political social work. We outline ways in which African American social workers’ lived experiences led them to engage in political social work to support community survival and to challenge injustice during the Black Migra

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Henry, Malachi, Amalia Robinson, Xiao Dong, et al. "Rhoticity in Black Boston: Examining the effects of ethnicity and ethnic orientation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (2023): A368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0019192.

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Recent studies have sought to more thoroughly examine rhoticity among non-white Bostonians (Nagy andIrwin, 2010; Browne andStanford, 2018), as the city becomes more racially and ethnically diverse. We build upon Browne and Stanford (2018), which found that Black Bostonians (African American [AA] and Caribbean American [CA]) were more r-ful than White Bostonians. We seek to account for variation in this speech community by considering the impact of ethnicity and the emic measure of ethnic orientation (Hoffman andWalker, 2010) on rhoticity in Black Boston. Six CA and 18 AA Bostonians’ /r/ produc

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Marcus, Kenneth H. "The Central Avenue Borderscape." Pacific Historical Review 91, no. 4 (2022): 492–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2022.91.4.492.

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Since the early twentieth century, African Americans in Los Angeles confronted a variety of borders—racial, cultural, economic, and social—in an environment of Jim Crow restrictions. In this article I apply the concept of the borderscape to the multiethnic community of Central Avenue in Los Angeles to consider how musicians encountered borders in the city during the Great Migration. In the fields of jazz (Clora Bryant, Howard McGhee, Dexter Gordon), education (William Wilkins, John Gray, Sam Browne, Alma Hightower), and composition (William Grant Still, Harold Bruce Forsythe), many African Ame

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Dickerman, Leah. "Aaron Douglas and Aspects of Negro Life." October 174 (December 2020): 126–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00411.

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In 1934, Aaron Douglas created an epic four-panel mural series, Aspects of Negro Life (1934), for the branch library on 135th Street in Manhattan, now the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. The panels answered a call, issued by the first major program for federal support of the arts in the United States, to represent “an American scene.” In them, Douglas traced the trajectory of African American history in four stages and across two mass migrations: from Africa into enslavement in America; through Emancipation and Reconstruction; into the modern Jim Crow South; and then northward

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Broussard, Albert S. "Still Searching: A Black Family’s Quest for Equality and Recognition during the Gilded Age and Progressive Era." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 22, no. 1 (2023): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781422000536.

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AbstractHistorians have correctly interpreted the Gilded Age and Progressive Era as periods in which African Americans faced unpreceded violence, a significant decline in franchise, and the loss of many civil rights. These years however, were far more complex when viewed from the vantage point of African American families who attempted to empower themselves through education, securing employment in white-collar occupations, such as teaching, and working to advance themselves through race betterment groups, including women’s clubs and civil rights organizations. Yet some middle-class Black fami

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Moodley, Yoshan, Andrea Brunelli, Silvia Ghirotto, et al. "Helicobacter pylori’s historical journey through Siberia and the Americas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 25 (2021): e2015523118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015523118.

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The gastric bacterium Helicobacter pylori shares a coevolutionary history with humans that predates the out-of-Africa diaspora, and the geographical specificities of H. pylori populations reflect multiple well-known human migrations. We extensively sampled H. pylori from 16 ethnically diverse human populations across Siberia to help resolve whether ancient northern Eurasian populations persisted at high latitudes through the last glacial maximum and the relationships between present-day Siberians and Native Americans. A total of 556 strains were cultivated and genotyped by multilocus sequence

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Xia, Wei, and Zhizhou Zhang. "Genomic Data Disclose Potential Information on Evolutionary Interactions among Different Human Populations and Novel Education Technology Development." Advances in Economics and Management Research 8, no. 1 (2023): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aemr.8.1.20.2023.

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Study on language gene polymorphism patterns (LGPP) across different population genomes could provide incentives to develop novel education technology and important information on human evolution. In this study, as a preliminary observation, we adopted 148 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites from 13 language genes, each with 4-13 SNPs. These SNPs were screened across 112 whole genome sequences (including 59 ancient genomes ranging from 2000 BP to 120000 BP) from five continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America). We found that five distinct LGPPs featured across hu

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Hartman, Ian C., and David Reamer. "A “Far North Dixie Land”: Black Settlement, Discrimination, and Community in Urban Alaska." Western Historical Quarterly 51, no. 1 (2019): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whz097.

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Abstract Though it never ranked among the top destinations of the Great Migration, Alaska nevertheless enticed thousands of African Americans during the postwar decades. On the one hand, Black Alaskans experienced the lamentable patterns that defined American race relations in the twentieth century: housing and job discrimination alongside marginalization and racial violence. On the other hand, Black men and women also found in Alaska a place to make their own. This article presents a case study of urban history in the American West and demonstrates that despite its distance from other metropo

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Price-Spratlen, Townsand. "Urban Destination Selection among African Americans during the 1950s Great Migration." Social Science History 32, no. 3 (2008): 437–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200014012.

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This article examines a place utility model of how destination assets influenced inmigration for the 1950s African American urban system. Archival and historiographical data are combined with census data to conduct weighted least-squares regressions that compare economic, ethnogenic, and other place utilities. Despite declines in migrant selectivity and net southern out-migration, ethnogenic characteristics increased the size of in-migrant streams during the 1950s, net of the momentum from prior migration and, most important, net of economic and demographic place utilities. Even as several dra

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Cantres, James G. "Articulations of displacement and dissonance from Compton: Kendrick Lamar in the twenty-first century." Global Hip Hop Studies 2, no. 1 (2021): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ghhs_00035_1.

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Kendrick Lamar’s lyrics and subject matter often require repeated listens that reveal perspectives ranging from his upbringing in Compton, his parents’ migration from Chicago to California and broader questions of identity, place, displacement, belonging and home. A self-described Southern California ‘80s baby’, Lamar’s music nevertheless imagines Black self-identification in a broader and global sense. His work reflects rootlessness among continental and diasporic Africans across time and space. Utilizing approaches of British Cultural Studies and African diaspora studies, this article analys

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Green, Sharony. "Tracing Black Racial and Spatial Politics in South Florida via Memory." Journal of Urban History 44, no. 6 (2017): 1176–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144216688467.

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As far back as the New Deal era, South Florida’s white power brokers wanted African Americans to live in the northwest section of then Dade County and away from the region’s lucrative seaside. Even today, however, people of color, many of Bahamian descent, remain in Miami’s bayside Coconut Grove community, but they do so amid gentrification and wealthy South American neighbors. Such ongoing settlement and the eventual migration of people of African descent to the northwest section of the county by the late 1960s fit into a larger narrative of black self-determination in Florida. This article e

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Coelho, Philip R. P., and Robert A. McGuire. "African and European Bound Labor in the British New World: The Biological Consequences of Economic Choices." Journal of Economic History 57, no. 1 (1997): 83–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700017939.

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This article offers an explanation for the regional differences in the use of African and European bound labor in colonial America. The migrations of Africans and Europeans to the Americas set in motion an evolutionary process that caused regional changes in the disease ecology of the New World. Biological and epidemiological differences among populations explain the different regional labor supply choices. This article emphasizes the interactions between changing populations and disease environments. Diseases are intermediaries through which populations interact by causing illness and death.

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Price-Spratlen, T. "Urban Destination Selection among African Americans during the 1950s Great Migration." Social Science History 32, no. 3 (2008): 437–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01455532-2008-005.

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Collins, William J. "The Political Economy of State Fair Housing Laws before 1968." Social Science History 30, no. 1 (2006): 15–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013377.

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The combined influence of the Great Migration of African Americans and the civil rights movement propelled the drive for fair housing legislation, which attempted to curb overt discrimination in housing markets. This drive culminated in the federal Fair Housing Act of 1968. By that time, 57 percent of the U.S. population and 41 percent of the African American population already resided in states with a fair housing law. This article uses hazard models to analyze the diffusion of state fair housing legislation and to shed new light on the combination of economic and political forces that facili

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Zununi Vahed, Sepideh, Ehsan Rikhtegar, Vahideh Ebrahimzadeh Attari, et al. "APOL1 renal risk alleles in patients on chronic hemodialysis in Northwest of Iran." Journal of Renal Injury Prevention 8, no. 3 (2019): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jrip.2019.37.

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Introduction: Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene’s risk variants located on chromosome 22 are newly discovered factors for the development of chronic renal failure among African-American. These risk alleles were developed on the African continent as an evolutionary defense against sleep sickness due to Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and then spread with human migrations. Objectives: In the present study, we sought to examine these risk variants in a group of hemodialysis patients of Northwest of Iran. Patients and Methods: Two hundred patients receiving hemodialysis in different centers of the cit

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Beito, David T., and Linda Royster Beito. "“Let Down Your Bucket Where You Are”." Social Science History 30, no. 4 (2006): 551–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013584.

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Under the burden of Jim Crow, how did African Americans obtain health care? For nearly 40 years the Afro-American Hospital of Yazoo City, Mississippi, was a leading health care supplier for blacks in the Mississippi Delta. It was founded in 1928 by the Afro-American Sons and Daughters, a black fraternal society, and provided a wide range of medical services. The society, which eventually had 35,000 members, was led by Thomas J. Huddleston, a prosperous black entrepreneur and advocate of Booker T. Washington’s self-help philosophy. The hospital had a low death rate compared to other hospitals t

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Collins, William J., and Marianne H. Wanamaker. "Selection and Economic Gains in the Great Migration of African Americans: New Evidence from Linked Census Data." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 6, no. 1 (2014): 220–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.6.1.220.

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The onset of World War I spurred the “Great Migration” of African Americans from the US South, arguably the most important internal migration in US history. We create a new panel dataset of more than 5,000 men matched from the 1910 to 1930 census manuscripts to address three interconnected questions: To what extent was there selection into migration? How large were the migrants’ gains? Did migration narrow the racial gap in economic status? We find evidence of positive selection, but the migrants’ gains were large. A substantial amount of black-white convergence in this period is attributable

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Babou, Cheikh A. "A West African Sufi Master on the Global Stage: Cheikh Abdoulaye Dièye and the Khidmatul Khadim International Sufi School in France and the United States." African Diaspora 4, no. 1 (2011): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187254611x566099.

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Abstract The recent wave of West African Muslim migration to the West started after the Great War and gained momentum in the 1960s. Sub-Saharan Africans have been particularly successful in finding a niche in Europe and North America partly because of the connection between immigrants and centers of Islamic spirituality and knowledge in Africa provided by a dynamic leadership that straddles the three continents. Based on extensive interviews in the United States and in France and on the examination of Murid internal sources and scholarly secondary literature, this article investigates the effo

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Montrie, Chad. "“A Bigoted, Prejudiced, Hateful Little Area”: The Making of an All-White Suburb in the Deep North." Journal of Urban History 45, no. 2 (2017): 300–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217702644.

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This article traces the history of Edina, Minnesota, a community just outside of Minneapolis, following its transformation from an interracial farming village in the late nineteenth century to a racially exclusive and prejudice-ridden “streetcar” suburb by the 1930s. It also looks at the ordeal experienced by the first black family to move to the area, in 1960, demonstrating the challenges faced by the “open housing” movement in what is known as a racially “progressive” state. As a history of demographic change, the article suggests the need for a slightly revised Great Migration narrative, pa

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Davis, Danné E. "Their American Dream." Genealogy 4, no. 2 (2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4020045.

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Centuries before W.E.B. DuBois named the colorline—i.e., racism—as the problem of the 20th century, skin color stratification was a persistent phenomenon. In 1983 Black feminist, scholar, and Pulitzer Prize winning author Alice Walker termed “colorism” as “prejudicial or preferential treatment of same-race people based solely on their [skin] color”. Using the tools of genealogy, I conducted a critical family history of my parents, Lem and Mae’s, pursuit of their American Dream. Such exploration digs deep to decipher the nexuses of a family’s evolution. Dr. Maya Angelou routinely shared stories

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Baker, Bruce E. "Stony the Road They Trod: Forced Migration of African Americans in the Slave South, 1790-1865." Journal of American History 89, no. 3 (2002): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3092348.

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Weathersby, Claude, and Yolanda Weathersby. "Branch School Buildings in the St. Louis Public Schools District: Tools to Support the Segregative Neighborhood School Policy of the St. Louis Board of Education." Journal of Urban History 45, no. 3 (2017): 483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217712929.

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During and after World War II, large numbers of African Americans from the former Confederate States migrated to St. Louis, Missouri. The pace of this migration placed a strain on the St. Louis Public Schools district. The district responded to the facilities shortage by constructing small branch school buildings in its compliance with de jure segregation laws in Missouri before 1954, and after 1954, in its efforts to covertly maintain a pseudo-integrated public school district’s neighborhood school policy.

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RENY, TYLER T., and BENJAMIN J. NEWMAN. "Protecting the Right to Discriminate: The Second Great Migration and Racial Threat in the American West." American Political Science Review 112, no. 4 (2018): 1104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055418000448.

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Taking advantage of a unique event in American history, the Second Great Migration, we explore whether the rapid entry of African Americans into nearly exclusively White contexts triggered “racial threat” in White voting behavior in the state of California. Utilizing historical administrative data, we find that increasing proximity to previously White areas experiencing drastic Black population growth between 1940 to 1960 is associated with significant increases in aggregate White voter support for a highly racially-charged ballot measure, Proposition 14, which legally protected racial discrim

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Ashford-Hanserd, Shetay, Eric Sarmiento, Colleen C. Myles, et al. "African American Experiences in the Historic Dunbar Neighborhood in San Marcos, Texas: A Case Study of Counter-Life Stories." Social Sciences 9, no. 10 (2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9100177.

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The purpose of this participatory research project is to examine the lived experiences (counter-life stories) of current and former Dunbar residents and congregants of Dunbar churches to demonstrate how local stories counter the dominant perspective about the experiences of American Americans in the Dunbar community. Once a thriving community at the center of civil rights activities in Hays County, Texas, the neighborhood has evolved in many ways in the past several decades, contrary to popular belief. This case study employs counter-life story methodology to uncover the hidden truths about Du

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Early, Regan, Pablo González-Moreno, Sean T. Murphy, and Roger Day. "Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm." NeoBiota 40 (November 9, 2018): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.40.28165.

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Fall armyworm, Spodopterafrugiperda, is a crop pest native to the Americas, which has invaded and spread throughout sub-Saharan Africa within two years. Recent estimates of 20–50% maize yield loss in Africa suggest severe impact on livelihoods. Fall armyworm is still infilling its potential range in Africa and could spread to other continents. In order to understand fall armyworm’s year-round, global, potential distribution, we used evidence of the effects of temperature and precipitation on fall armyworm life-history, combined with data on native and African distributions to construct Species

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Early, Regan, Pablo González-Moreno, Sean T. Murphy, and Roger Day. "Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm." NeoBiota 40 (November 9, 2018): 25–50. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.40.28165.

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Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a crop pest native to the Americas, which has invaded and spread throughout sub-Saharan Africa within two years. Recent estimates of 20–50% maize yield loss in Africa suggest severe impact on livelihoods. Fall armyworm is still infilling its potential range in Africa and could spread to other continents. In order to understand fall armyworm's year-round, global, potential distribution, we used evidence of the effects of temperature and precipitation on fall armyworm life-history, combined with data on native and African distributions to construct Specie

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Schlichting, Kurt, Peter Tuckel, and Richard Maisel. "Residential Segregation and the Beginning of the Great Migration of African Americans to Hartford, Connecticut A GIS-Based Analysis." Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 39, no. 3 (2006): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/hmts.39.3.132-144.

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Franklin, John Hope. "The Two Worlds of Race: A Historical Perspective." Daedalus 140, no. 1 (2011): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00056.

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Franklin's essay traces the practices, policies, and laws that, from colonial times through the mid-1960s moment when he composed his essay, created and sustained the two worlds of race in America. He outlines the history of efforts from that period to alleviate racial distinctions and to foster a “world of equality and complete human fellowship.” Franklin cautions, however, that even certain well-intentioned efforts to extend services, opportunities, and rights to African Americans sometimes reinforced segregation and discrimination. He considers how key historical, legal, political, and soci

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Longley, Neil, Todd Crosset, and Steve Jefferson. "The Migration of African-Americans to the Canadian Football League During the 1950s: An Escape from Racism?" International Journal of the History of Sport 25, no. 10 (2008): 1374–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523360802212339.

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Barber, Llana. "Anti-Black Racism and the Nativist State." Journal of American Ethnic History 42, no. 4 (2023): 5–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.4.01.

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Abstract This article places Black mobility and anti-Black racism at the center of the history of US immigration restriction. Black migration has often been marginalized in immigration historiography, but I argue that anti-Black racism has played a major role in creating what I term the nativist state. From the colonial era through the present, policies and practices to exclude, detain, and repatriate immigrants often first targeted Black people. In addition, constraints on Black mobility have been central to denying African Americans citizenship rights and rendering Black people foreign, even

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Johnson, Karen J. "Beyond Parish Boundaries: Black Catholics and the Quest for Racial Justice." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 25, no. 02 (2015): 264–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2015.25.2.264.

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Abstract According to most historians, the majority of northern urban Catholics before Vatican II (1962–1965) were ensconced in their parish boundaries, viewing their existence through the lens of the parish and focusing the majority of their attention on matters within their particular geographic location. As African Americans moved north during the Great Migration (1910s–1960s) and the racial dynamics of cities changed, some black Catholics began to organize for what they called “interracial justice,” a term that reflected their belief that black equality would benefit African Americans and

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Mostafa, Gamal, Brent D. Matthews, H. James Norton, Kent W. Kercher, Ronald F. Sing, and B. Todd Heniford. "Influence of Demographics on Colorectal Cancer." American Surgeon 70, no. 3 (2004): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480407000313.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of race, gender, and age on colorectal cancer cases in our tumor registry between January 1987 and December 2000 and to determine the implications of these factors on screening strategies. Tumors were defined as early (Stage I/II) or late (Stage HI/IV) and proximal or distal (relationship to splenic flexure). Effect of age was examined by stratifying patients into three groups (<50 years, 50–70 years, >70 years). Two time periods (1/87–12/96 and 1/97–12/00) were compared. Significance ( P < 0.05) was determined by univariate and l

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Jackson, Ashley. "Military Migrants: British Service Personnel in Ceylon during the Second World War." Britain and the World 6, no. 1 (2013): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2013.0075.

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Across the territories that comprised the British Empire, the Second World War caused many migrations, some great and some small, but all traumatic and formative for the people involved. Civilians, both local and expatriate, fled in great numbers from the threat of German or Japanese invasion; in some colonies civilians were evacuated from cities threatened by bombing or deemed militarily important; hundreds of thousands of servicemen and women moved around the world and spend significant periods of time in foreign lands – African troops resided in Asia, Indians in the East Indies and Middle E

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Leibbrand, Christine, Catherine Massey, J. Trent Alexander, Katie R. Genadek, and Stewart Tolnay. "The Great Migration and Residential Segregation in American Cities during the Twentieth Century." Social Science History 44, no. 1 (2020): 19–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2019.46.

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ABSTRACTThe Great Migration from the South and the rise of racial residential segregation strongly shaped the twentieth-century experience of African Americans. Yet, little attention has been devoted to how the two phenomena were linked, especially with respect to the individual experiences of the migrants. We address this gap by using novel data that links individual records from the complete-count 1940 Census to those in the 2000 Census long form, in conjunction with information about the level of racial residential segregation in metropolitan areas in 1940 and 2000. We first consider whethe

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