Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Distributive conflict

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Distributive conflict”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 14 marca 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Distributive conflict":

Bayer, Ralph-Christopher. "Cooperation and distributive conflict". Games and Economic Behavior 97 (maj 2016): 88–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2016.04.002.

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HAVRILESKY, THOMAS. "DISTRIBUTIVE CONFLICT AND MONETARY POLICY". Contemporary Economic Policy 8, nr 2 (kwiecień 1990): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1990.tb00590.x.

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Čiuladienė, Gražina, i Daiva Račelytė. "Perceived unfairness in teacher-student conflict situations: students’ point of view". Polish Journal of Applied Psychology 14, nr 1 (1.03.2016): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjap-2015-0049.

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Abstract Student perceptions of injustice in the classroom can evoke destructive behavior, resistance, deception, aggression, and conflict escalation. Our study explores student experiences of unjust teacher behavior in educational settings. Students (N=99) were asked to remember a conflict they experienced during their studies. The conflict descriptions (N=78) were analysed and grouped according the type of perceived injustice (distributive, procedural, interactional) and 22 issues of unfair behaviour (Mikula et al., 1990). Our study revealed that perceived unfair grading, power demonstrations, and accusation were the most important predictors of teacher-student conflicts. Moreover students reported they experienced interactional injustice more frequently than they experienced distributive or procedural injustice.

Folami, Olakunle Michael. "Distributive Justice Narratives among Different Ethnic Groups in the Niger Delta Post-Conflict Peacebuilding Processes". Athens Journal of Law 8, nr 2 (31.03.2022): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajl.8-2-3.

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Oil exploration and exploitation is characterised with inequality, marginalisation, neglect, divide and rule in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. There are different ethnic groups in this region. It worrisome to note that one ethnic group is favoured above others when it comes to the distribution of oil wealth. Distributive injustice gives room for lack of cohesion and unity among the inhabitants of the Niger Delta region. Policy makers, peace entrepreneurs, government, and international oil companies failed to realise effects of distributive injustice on peacebuilding processes in the Niger Delta. This article therefore, sets to identify reasons for protracted Niger Delta conflict. It sets to examine the nature of distributive injustice in the region. It also examines the impacts of distributive injustice on ethnic relations in the region. It examines how ethnicity brings about distribute injustice in the Niger Delta. This paper posits that resolution of ethnic divisions would lead to enduring peace in the Niger Delta. Distributive Theory is the theoretical explanation adopted in the study. The theory pointed out that equity, equality and fairness will reduce inequality in the distribution of oil wealth in the region. The total number of participants in the study was seventy-two. It was found that the general demands of the inhabitants of the Niger Delta could be stated as sharing of political offices, the creation of State structures, the creation of Local Government Headquarters, apology, oil bloc allocation, more compensation and the monetisation of benefits but distribution of these were ethnic based. Most ethnic groups in the region were neglected, abandoned, and discriminated against. Distributive justice including fairness, equity, and equality should be the focus of socio-political actors in order to ensure enduring peace in the Niger Delta, Nigeria Keywords: Distributive, Justice, Conflict, Oil, Ethnicity, Conflict, Peacebuilding

HAGGARD, STEPHAN, i ROBERT R. KAUFMAN. "Inequality and Regime Change: Democratic Transitions and the Stability of Democratic Rule". American Political Science Review 106, nr 3 (sierpień 2012): 495–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055412000287.

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Recent work by Carles Boix and Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson has focused on the role of inequality and distributive conflict in transitions to and from democratic rule. We assess these claims through causal process observation, using an original qualitative dataset on democratic transitions and reversions during the “third wave” from 1980 to 2000. We show that distributive conflict, a key causal mechanism in these theories, is present in just over half of all transition cases. Against theoretical expectations, a substantial number of these transitions occur in countries with high levels of inequality. Less than a third of all reversions are driven by distributive conflicts between elites and masses. We suggest a variety of alternative causal pathways to both transitions and reversions.

Nyamutata, Conrad. "Electoral Conflict and Justice: The Case of Zimbabwe". African Journal of Legal Studies 5, nr 1 (2012): 63–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/170873812x628124.

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Abstract In recent years, Africa has faced a new form of conflict arising from disputed elections. Incumbents have refused to vacate office after apparently losing elections, triggering violent conflict. Regional organisations have invested considerable political energy to manage these conflicts. Post-electoral conflict accords (PECAs) resulting in power-sharing have been the favoured modus vivendi with regional mediators. However, little attention has been paid to the crucial issue of justice in the management of these disputes. Like most conflicts, electoral conflict centres on perceived injustice in the electoral process. Therefore, in order to manage these conflicts in an effective way, justice must be acknowledged in both procedural and substantive content. This article focuses on management of electoral conflict in Zimbabwe. It argues that the protracted post-electoral conflict in Zimbabwe can be explained, to a large extent, through failure to acknowledge procedural, distributive and retributive justice concerns.

Boone, Catherine. "Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya". African Studies Review 55, nr 1 (kwiecień 2012): 75–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2012.0010.

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Abstract:This paper argues that even with the incorporation of land policy provisions into Kenya's new constitution, there is every reason to believe that in the near future, highly politicized land conflict will continue. This is because land politics in Kenya is a redistributive game that creates winners and losers. Given the intensely redistributive potential of the impending changes in Kenya's land regime—and the implications of the downward shift in the locus of control over land allocation through decentralization of authority to county governments—there is no guarantee that legislators or citizens will be able to agree on concrete laws to realize the constitution's calls for equity and justice in land matters. This article traces the main ways in which state power has been used to distribute and redistribute land (and land rights) in the Rift Valley, focusing on post-1960 smallholder settlement schemes, land-buying companies, and settlement in the forest reserves, and it highlights the long-standing pattern of political contestation over the allocation of this resource. It then traces the National Land Policy debate from 2002 to 2010, focusing on the distributive overtones and undertones of the policy and of the debate over the new constitution that incorporated some of its main tenets.

Oatley, Thomas. "Why is Stabilization Sometimes Delayed?" Comparative Political Studies 37, nr 3 (kwiecień 2004): 286–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414003262072.

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Existing work on the politics of stabilization has failed to find compelling evidence of a regime-type effect. This article reformulates and reevaluates the regime-type hypothesis. It is argued that regime type does not have an independent impact on the timing of stabilization. Instead, regime type influences the extent to which societal opposition and distributive conflict will delay stabilization. Societal opposition and distributive conflict are likely to delay stabilization in democratic regimes, because governments must worry about maintaining power. Such societal dynamics are less likely to delay stabilization in authoritarian regimes. Using a sample of 92 high-inflation episodes, precisely these regime-specific dynamics surrounding the politics of stabilization were found. Governments in democratic regimes want to stabilize rapidly but often cannot overcome societal opposition and distributive conflict to do so. Authoritarian regimes are substantially less constrained by societal opposition and distributive conflict but have less incentive to stabilize rapidly.

Korpi, Walter. "Political and Economic Explanations for Unemployment: A Cross-National and Long-Term Analysis". British Journal of Political Science 21, nr 3 (lipiec 1991): 315–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400006189.

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This article shows that the widely accepted supply shock and real wage gap explanation of increases in unemployment rates since 1973 has only limited empirical support. The causal factors behind unemployment are best understood by focusing on conflicts of interest in Western democracies, on the distribution of power resources between major interest groups and on strategies of conflict. Given economic constraints, from this perspective unemployment appears as the labour market expression of distributive conflict, alternatives to which are inflation and industrial disputes. Strategic action by government elites and long-term patterns in settling conflicts are major factors behind the two great transformations of Western unemployment levels – the introduction of full employment in the immediate post-war period and the return to high unemployment since 1973 – as well as in variations in unemployment among eighteen Western democracies.

Rodrik, Dani, i Tanguy van Ypersele. "Captial mobility, distributive conflict and international tax coordination". Journal of International Economics 54, nr 1 (czerwiec 2001): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1996(00)00088-x.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Distributive conflict":

Olson, Jeffrey J. "Professionalization and social justice in social work : discourses in conflict /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8130.

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Pélabère, Julien. "Les facteurs clés du succès de la négociation dans la vente complexe et l'apport de la médiation pour l'ingénieur d'affaires". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E075.

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Les facteurs clés du succès de la négociation dans la vente complexe et l'apport de la médiation pour l'ingénieur d'affaires. Ces cycles de ventes sont dits complexes, non pas à cause du produit ou de la solution qui estvendue, mais du fait que les cycles de ventes sont longs et que c’est une vente multi interlocuteurs avec des contraintes aussi bien en interne qu’en externe avec son client
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MORLIN, GUILHERME SPINATO. "Essays on Open Economy Macroeconomics". Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1204431.

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The final dissertation consists of four chapters, of which the provisional titles and abstracts are provided in the subsections below. 1 Inflation and Distributive Conflict The chapter reviews conflict inflation models, contrasting alternative theoretical perspectives underlying conflicting claims models. Conflicting claims models have stressed the race between prices and money wages, in the struggle among capitalists and workers as the main inflationary pressure. We discuss how conflicting-claims inflation models describe conflict inflation and the related outcome for income distribution. The chapter also explores criticism to the New-Keynesian Phillips curve. The relation between inflation and endogenous money theory is also presented. A deeper understanding of distributive conflict requires an analytical exposition of the relation between prices and distribution. In general, conflicting claims models rely on Kaleckian explanation of distribution, based on the notion of mark-up pricing according to the degree of monopoly. Conflict inflation allows wage bargaining to affect income distribution and, thus, the real mark-up level. However, this theory contains unsolved theoretical shortcomings, lacking an ultimate explanation for profits and overlooking input-output relations. An alternative theory of distribution can be found in modern appraisals of the Classical surplus approach. This approach has been extended to the study of inflation, providing a consistent relation between inflation and distributive conflict. 2 Inflation and conflicting claims in the open economy The evolution of prices and income distribution in open economies cannot be studied independently from international prices and exchange rates, especially in small open economies. Exchange rates and international prices are fundamental to explaining inflation in open economies. Conflict inflation models account for these variables by including imported inputs and, in some cases, a distributive impact of exchange rates. A different viewpoint emerges from the Classical-Keynesian distribution theory for a price-taker open economy. Thus, we explore this alternative by developing a conflict inflation model building on the Classical-Keynesian approach. The paper contributes to the literature by combining the conflicting claims approach with the Classical-Keynesian open economy framework. Including tradable prices, the model considers their direct impact on distribution. Therefore, it addresses a cause of inflation overlooked in the literature. Finally, conflict inflation affects the real exchange rate, which becomes an important distributive variable. 3 International inflation and trade linkages in Brazil under inflation targeting The chapter assesses the connection between global inflation and domestic inflation for the case of Brazil during the period 1999-2020 through a VAR model. The estimate includes the variables usually considered as relevant determinants of inflation. Additionally, it is included an index that combines the producer price index of Brazilian trade partners, weighted by the yearly average share of each country in Brazilian imports of Intermediate and Capital goods. The Foreign PPI index shows a positive effect on the Brazilian Consumer Price Index, consisting of a relevant explanation for domestic inflation in Brazil during the period 1999-2020. Impulse Response functions show that the Effective Exchange Rate is the main determinant of domestic CPI in Brazil. The importance of international prices and the exchange rate has fundamental implications for the operation of the inflation targeting regime. The results are in line with the literature’s empirical findings showing the overall relevance of international variables in the explanation of inflation. Further research may discuss the transmission channels of cross-border inflation as well as evaluate the implications of these results to inflation theory. 4 Growth and debt stability in a supermultiplier model with public expenditures and foreign trade The chapter extends the baseline Sraffian supermultiplier model for an open economy with the government, introducing two autonomous expenditures. The two sources of autonomous demand correspond to public expenditures and exports. We also analyze the stability conditions for public debt and foreign debt ratios. Public debt stability requires that the interest rate on public debt is smaller than the output growth rate, as in Domar (1944). Foreign debt is evaluated in proportion to exports, accounting for the availability of foreign currency required to service external liabilities. The foreign debt-to exports ratio converges to a stable value when the international interest rate is smaller than the growth rate of exports. However, this value may not be compatible with the availability of international capital flows. We examine the consequences of a constraint to foreign debt ratio, in line with Bhering et al. (2019), reiterating the importance of a long-term external constraint to economic growth (Thirlwall, 1979). A fiscal policy rule is proposed to keep the foreign debt ratio below an upper limit for this ratio. We simulate five experiments showing the conditions for stability of debt ratios, the execution of the fiscal policy rule, and the alternative of a structural change policy. Altogether, the chapter provides stability conditions for growth in an open economy paying its international liabilities in foreign currency. Simulations show that the fiscal policy successfully reduces the equilibrium foreign debt-to exports ratio by decreasing the share of public expenditures in autonomous demand. Experiments also show that industrial policies that cause structural change and increase exports’ growth keep the foreign debt ratio below the threshold with a better performance in terms of growth than the fiscal policy rule.

Close, Eliana. "Navigating conflicts about life-sustaining treatment in a health system with limited resources: Reconciling law, policy and practice". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/200067/1/Eliana_Close_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis is the first study of how Australian laws and policies address tensions between patient and societal interests in decisions to forgo life-sustaining treatment for critically ill adults. Using a combination of qualitative interviews, legal doctrinal research, and qualitative content analysis, the thesis evaluates these regulatory instruments against doctors' perceptions of practice. The thesis argues that existing laws and policies need reform to support more transparent decisions that recognise resource constraints can be relevant to end-of-life decisions. In particular, laws and policies should support doctors to distinguish between patient interests and distributive justice as two separate rationales for non-treatment.

López, Gómez Aida Luz. "Cambio climático y conflictos ecológicodistributivos en regiones indígenas de México. El caso de la industria eólica en el Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384605.

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La creciente preocupación por los efectos del cambio climático a nivel internacional ha evidenciado la necesidad de impulsar, entre otras acciones, el desarrollo de las llamadas “energías renovables”. Los expertos han encontrado un enorme potencial para la generación de energía eólica en la región del Istmo de Tehuantepec en Oaxaca, México, motivando el interés de diversas empresas extranjeras por invertir en el desarrollo de parques eólicos en la zona. No obstante, paralelamente al desarrollo de la industria eólica, ha surgido también una creciente oposición entre las comunidades locales, especialmente las indígenas. Esta oposición es diversa en cuanto a sus actores, demandas, discursos, estrategias de negociación, etc. Su surgimiento debe ser explicado desde una perspectiva multicausal compleja que conjunta aspectos de diversa índole. Algunos de ellos, atribuibles al estilo de desarrollo eólico en la región y, particularmente, a la actuación de las empresas, pero también otros que se relacionan con la historia ambiental y política de la región, y que influyen de manera decisiva en el conflicto. El objetivo de la tesis ha sido comprender, desde la perspectiva de la ecología política y la racionalidad ambiental, la gestación y desarrollo del conflicto ecológico-distributivo por la energía eólica en el Istmo de Tehuantepec, así como reflexionar acerca de sus posibilidades de solución. El marco conceptual de la ecología política permite el entendimiento del cambio climático, como un proceso generado por la apropiación capitalista de la naturaleza que, en su lógica de acumulación propicia constantes conflictos ecológico-distributivos. Asimismo, permite entender que los actores sociales expresan sus inquietudes a través de diversos lenguajes de valoración, que no se reducen sólo al valor mercantil de los bienes de la naturaleza en disputa. La ecología política también apunta el papel que juega el Estado en estos procesos. Por su parte, la racionalidad ambiental es una formulación teórica de carácter utópico que propone un quehacer sociológico que acompañe los movimientos ambientales de base, la lucha de los pueblos por la reapropiación social de la naturaleza, la defensa de otras maneras de “ser en el mundo” mediante la concreción de una ontología de la diversidad, una política de la diferencia y una ética de la otredad.
The growing concern about the effects of climate change at the international level has highlighted the need to promote, the development of so-called "renewable energy". Experts have found a huge potential for wind power generation in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca, Mexico, motivating the interest of several foreign companies to invest in the development of wind farms in the area. However, alongside the development of the wind industry it has also emerged a growing opposition among local communities, especially indigenous. This opposition is diverse in terms of its actors, demands, speeches, trading strategies, etc. Their emergence must be explained from a joint perspective multicausal complex aspects of various kinds. Some of them attributable to the style of wind development in the region and, particularly, to the performance of enterprises, but also others that are related to environmental and political history of the region, which have a decisive influence on the conflict. The aim of the thesis was to understand , from the perspective of political ecology and environmental rationality , the conception and development of eco - distributive wind power in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec conflict and reflect on their possible solutions . The conceptual framework of political ecology allows the understanding of climate change, as a process generated by the capitalist appropriation of nature which, in its logic of accumulation constant favorable ecological distribution conflicts. Also, it is understandable that stakeholders express their concerns through various languages of valuation , not only reduce the market value of the goods of nature in dispute. The political ecology also notes the role of the State in these processes. Meanwhile, environmental soundness is a theoretical formulation of utopian character which proposes a sociological task accompanying environmental grassroots movements, the struggle of the peoples for social reappropriation of nature , defense of other ways of "being in the world " through the realization of an ontology of diversity, a politics of difference and ethics of otherness.

Kovacic, Matija <1982&gt. "Ethnic distribution, effective power and ethnic conflict". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3015.

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This thesis is investigating both in theoretical and empirical terms the relationship between the features of ethnic distribution and the probability of con ict. The thesis is composed of four chapters. The rst chapter is the introduction to the thesis in which I brie y summarize the main problems related to the existing literature on ethnic diversity and con ict and I present an overview of the measures of ethnic diversity commonly used in the literature. In the second chapter I propose a theoretical model that speci es the potential of con ict in a society as a function of the population distribution across ethnic groups. I axiomatically derive a general parametric class of indices of con ict potential that combines the groups' e ective power and the between-groups interaction. The e ective power of a group is a function of a group's relative size but it also depends on the relative sizes of all the other groups in the population. The interaction component, on the other hand, is given by the probability of interaction between the members of one group with those of other groups. I show that for certain parameter values the index reduces to the existing indices of ethnic diversity, while in general the indices combine in a non-linear way three di erent aspects of ethnic diversity, namely the fractionalization, the polarization and the ethnic dominance. The results of the model share some common features with the literature on con icts in contests and the literature on voting power indices. In particular, the power component of the extreme element of the class of indices is intuitively related to the de nition of voting power in a simple majority game. In that particular case, the value of the e ective power is given by the relative Penrose-Banzhaf index of voting power calculated over the shares of populations associated to each ethnic group. In the third chapter I investigate empirically the role of ethnic diversity in the explanation of the ethnic con ict outbreak. The empirical performance of the indices of con ict potential developed in the second chapter is tested against the existing distributional indices of ethnic diversity within the context of the commonly used logistic model that focuses on the onset of ethnic con icts in a time range from 1946 to 2005. Together with the set of the explanatory variables for structural conditions and country characteristics, I take advantage of the recent "Ethnic Power Relations" data set which includes additional information on the political exclusion and competition along ethnic lines and it o ers the best coding for ethnic wars. The results obtained suggest that the indices of con ict potential outperform the existing indices of ethnic diversity in the explanation of ethnic con ict onset. This evidence is robust to the inclusion of a larger set of regressors, time and regional controls as well as to several other estimation techniques. The fourth chapter explores empirically the determinants of con ict duration with a particular attention to the potential role of ethnic diversity together with ethnic politics and competition dynamics. The rst part of the chapter presents an overview of the existing literature on con ict duration, the main data cources and the related econometric issues. The second part of the chapter consists in a non-parametric and a parametric survival analysis of the duration of ethnic con ict where we address in detail the issues of non-proportionality of the hazard function, the unmeasured heterogeneity and the presence of "repeated events". The results suggest that there is a statistically signi cant and robust association between ethnic distribution and con ict duration, together with other commonly used explanatory variables in the literature on con ict duration.

Rickard, Stephanie J. "Choosing conflict : explaining the form of redistributive policies /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3170255.

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Hajjat, Mahmood Mohammad. "A multidimensional model of conflict attitude-behavior relationship in channels of distribution". The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269533822.

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Kuroda, Scott H. "Distribution of Conflict Detection of Aircraft for Next Generation Flight Management Systems". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1043.

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As the number of aircraft is expected to triple in the coming decades, the manual process used to safely route aircraft while in flight will become insufficient. There already exist work to algorithmically detect safe and unsafe routes between aircraft. This thesis extends that system such that the computation is distributed across multiple machines. In addition it also supports the detection of an unsafe route as it is actively modified by a third party. Furthermore, the system supports providing safe or unsafe route notification to multiple interested clients.

Van, Daalen Corne Edwin. "Conflict detection and resolution for autonomous vehicles". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3994.

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Thesis (PhD (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Autonomous vehicles have recently received much attention from researchers. The prospect of safe and reliable autonomous vehicles for general, unregulated environments promises several advantages over human-controlled vehicles, including increased efficiency, reliability and capability with the associated decrease in danger to humans and reduction in operating costs. A critical requirement for the safe operation of fully autonomous vehicles is their ability to avoid collisions with obstacles and other vehicles. In addition, they are often required to maintain a minimum separation from obstacles and other vehicles, which is called conflict avoidance. The research presented in thesis focuses on methods for effective conflict avoidance. Existing conflict avoidance methods either make limiting assumptions or cannot execute in real-time due to computational complexity. This thesis proposes methods for real-time conflict avoidance in uncertain, cluttered and dynamic environments. These methods fall into the category of non-cooperative conflict avoidance. They allow very general vehicle and environment models, with the only notable assumption being that the position and velocity states of the vehicle and obstacles have a jointly Gaussian probability distribution. Conflict avoidance for fully autonomous vehicles consists of three functions, namely modelling and identification of the environment, conflict detection and conflict resolution. We present an architecture for such a system that ensures stable operation. The first part of this thesis comprises the development of a novel and efficient probabilistic conflict detection method. This method processes the predicted vehicle and environment states to compute the probability of conflict for the prediction period. During the method derivation, we introduce the concept of the flow of probability through the boundary of the conflict region, which enables us to significantly reduce the complexity of the problem. The method also assumes Gaussian distributed states and defines a tight upper bound to the conflict probability, both of which further reduce the problem complexity, and then uses adaptive numerical integration for efficient evaluation. We present the results of two simulation examples which show that the proposed method can calculate in real-time the probability of conflict for complex and cluttered environments and complex vehicle maneuvers, offering a significant improvement over existing methods. The second part of this thesis adapts existing kinodynamic motion planning algorithms for conflict resolution in uncertain, dynamic and cluttered environments. We use probabilistic roadmap methods and suggest three changes to them, namely using probabilistic conflict detection methods, sampling the state-time space instead of the state space and batch generation of samples. In addition, we propose a robust and adaptive way to choose the size of the sampling space using a maximum least connection cost bound. We then put all these changes together in a proposed motion planner for conflict resolution. We present the results of two simulation examples which show that the proposed motion planner can only find a feasible path in real-time for simple and uncluttered environments. However, the manner in which we handle uncertainty and the sampling space bounds offer significant contributions to the conflict resolution field
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Outonome voertuie het die afgelope tyd heelwat aandag van navorsers geniet. Die vooruitsig van veilige en betroubare outonome voertuie vir algemene en ongereguleerde omgewings beloof verskeie voordele bo menslik-beheerde voertuie en sluit hoër effektiwiteit, betroubaarheid en vermoëns asook die gepaardgaande veiligheid vir mense en laer bedryfskoste in. ’n Belangrike vereiste vir die veilige bedryf van volledig outonome voertuie is hul vermoë om botsings met hindernisse en ander voertuie te vermy. Daar word ook dikwels van hulle vereis om ’n minimum skeidingsafstand tussen hulle en die hindernisse of ander voertuie te handhaaf – dit word konflikvermyding genoem. Die navorsing in hierdie tesis fokus op metodes vir effektiewe konflikvermyding. Bestaande konflikvermydingsmetodes maak óf beperkende aannames óf voer te stadig uit as gevolg van bewerkingskompleksiteit. Hierdie tesis stel metodes voor vir intydse konflikvermyding in onsekere en dinamiese omgewings wat ook baie hindernisse bevat. Die voorgestelde metodes val in die klas van nie-samewerkende konflikvermydingsmetodes. Hulle kan algemene voertuig- en omgewingsmodelle hanteer en hul enigste noemenswaardige aanname is dat die posisie- en snelheidstoestande van die voertuig en hindernisse Gaussiese waarskynliksheidverspreidings toon. Konflikvermyding vir volledig outonome voertuie bestaan uit drie stappe, naamlik modellering en identifikasie van die omgewing, konflikdeteksie en konflikresolusie. Ons bied ’n argitektuur vir so ’n stelsel aan wat stabiele werking verseker. Die eerste deel van die tesis beskryf die ontwikkeling van ’n oorspronklike en doeltreffende metode vir waarskynliksheid-konflikdeteksie. Die metode gebruik die voorspelde toestande van die voertuig en omgewing en bereken die waarskynlikheid van konflik vir die betrokke voorspellingsperiode. In die afleiding van die metode definiëer ons die konsep van waarskynliksheidvloei oor die grens van die konflikdomein. Dit stel ons in staat om die kompleksiteit van die probleem beduidend te verminder. Die metode aanvaar ook Gaussiese waarskynlikheidsverspreiding van toestande en definiëer ’n nou bogrens tot die waarskynlikheid van konflik om die kompleksiteit van die probleem verder te verminder. Laastens gebruik die metode aanpasbare integrasiemetodes vir vinnige berekening van die waarskynlikheid van konflik. Die eerste deel van die tesis sluit af met twee simulasies wat aantoon dat die voorgestelde konflikdeteksiemetode in staat is om die waarskynlikheid van konflik intyds te bereken, selfs vir komplekse omgewings en voertuigbewegings. Die metode lewer dus ’n beduidende bydrae tot die veld van konflikdeteksie. Die tweede deel van die tesis pas bestaande kinodinamiese beplanningsalgoritmes aan vir konflikresolusie in komplekse omgewings. Ons stel drie veranderings voor, naamlik die gebruik van waarskynliksheid-konflikdeteksiemetodes, die byvoeg van ’n tyd-dimensie in die monsterruimte en die generasie van meervoudige monsters. Ons stel ook ’n robuuste en aanpasbare manier voor om die grootte van die monsterruimte te kies. Al die voorafgaande voorstelle word saamgevoeg in ’n beplanner vir konflikresolusie. Die tweede deel van die tesis sluit af met twee simulasies wat aantoon dat die voorgestelde beplanner slegs intyds ’n oplossing kan vind vir eenvoudige omgewings. Die manier hoe die beplanner onsekerheid hanteer en die begrensing van die monsterruimte lewer egter waardevolle bydraes tot die veld van konflikresolusie

Więcej źródeł

Książki na temat "Distributive conflict":

Rodrik, Dani. Capital mobility, distributive conflict and international tax coordination. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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Christopher, Cramer. Inequality and conflict: A review of an age-old concern. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 2005.

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Stewart, Frances, Arnim Langer i Rajesh Venugopal. Horizontal inequalities and post-conflict development. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

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Fraser, Nancy. Justice interruptus: Critical reflections on the "postsocialist" condition. New York, USA: Routledge, 1997.

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Hein, Eckhard. Money, Distribution Conflict and Capital Accumulation. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230595606.

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Peter, Skott, red. Conflict, inflation and the distribution of income. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1992.

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Alier, Juan Martínez. Metabolic profiles of countries and ecological distribution conflict. Delhi: Institute of Economic Growth, 2005.

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Shlomo, Maital, Lipnowski Irwin i American Economic Association Meeting, red. Macroeconomic conflict and social institutions. Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger Pub. Co., 1985.

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Heymann, Daniel. Conflicto distributivo y deficit fiscal: Algunos juegos inflacionarios. Buenos Aires: Instituto Torcuato Di Tella, Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, 1988.

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P, Shrestha Ananda, Uprety Hari, Nepal Foundation for Advanced Studies. i Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Nepal), red. Distribution of goods and services in Nepal's conflict situation. Kathmandu: Nepal Foundation for Advanced Studies in cooperation with Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Nepal, 2006.

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Części książek na temat "Distributive conflict":

Scott, John T. "Cutting Your Cake and Having It Too: Or, Is Equality a Distributive Justice Principle?" W Justice, Conflict and Wellbeing, 31–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0623-9_2.

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Amico, Fabián, i Alejandro Fiorito. "Exchange Rate Policy, Distributive Conflict and Structural Heterogeneity: The Argentinean and Brazilian Cases". W Sraffa and the Reconstruction of Economic Theory: Volume One, 284–308. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316837_14.

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Hein, Eckhard. "Introduction: Money, Distribution Conflict and Capital Accumulation". W Money, Distribution Conflict and Capital Accumulation, 1–3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230595606_1.

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Palley, Thomas I. "Class Conflict and the Cambridge Theory of Income Distribution". W Wages, Employment, Distribution and Growth, 223–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371781_11.

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Hein, Eckhard. "The Model Economy". W Money, Distribution Conflict and Capital Accumulation, 68–81. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230595606_10.

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Hein, Eckhard. "The Rate of Interest in the Kaldor-Robinson Model of Distribution and Growth". W Money, Distribution Conflict and Capital Accumulation, 82–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230595606_11.

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Hein, Eckhard. "The Rate of Interest in Kaleckian Models of Distribution and Growth". W Money, Distribution Conflict and Capital Accumulation, 87–99. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230595606_12.

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Hein, Eckhard. "Kaleckian Models Extended". W Money, Distribution Conflict and Capital Accumulation, 100–123. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230595606_13.

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Hein, Eckhard. "Interest Rate, Distribution and Accumulation in Post-Keynesian Models: Summary and Conclusions of Part II". W Money, Distribution Conflict and Capital Accumulation, 124–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230595606_14.

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Hein, Eckhard. "Distribution Conflict, Inflation and Monetary Policy in a Credit Economy: Introduction to Part III". W Money, Distribution Conflict and Capital Accumulation, 131–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230595606_15.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Distributive conflict":

Hornung, Severin, i Thomas Höge. "THE DARKSIDE OF IDIOSYNCRATIC DEALS: HUMANISTIC VERSUS NEOLIBERAL TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS". W International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact097.

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"Theory-building on workplace flexibility is extended, based on a critical Human Resource (HR) systems framework and paradox (conflict) perspective on employee-oriented vs. capacity-oriented flexibility. Differentiated are variabilities in HR practices by: a) content (functional, temporal, spatial, numerical, financial); b) control (employer, employee); and c) creation (top-down, bottom-up). Hybrid types of bottom-up initiated and top-down authorized flexibility, idiosyncratic deals (i-deals), describe mutually beneficial, negotiated agreements on non-standard working conditions between employees and employer. If their real-world manifestations reflect idealized assumptions, however, remains obscure. Integrating institutional logics, HR systems embody values of humanistic ideals vs. neoliberal ideology: (1) individuation vs. individualism; (2) solidarity vs. competition; (3) emancipation vs. instrumentality. Reflecting these antipodes, construed ideal-type and anti-type i-deals facilitate: (a) self-actualization vs. self-reliance (needs vs. interests); (b) common good vs. tournament situations (triple-win vs. winner-take-all); (c) social transformation vs. economic rationalization (development vs. performance). In humanistic management theory, i-deals increase employee-oriented flexibility, but, in reality, risk being co-opted for economic rationalization and divisive labor-political power strategies. Antagonistic applications involve: humanization vs. rationalization goals; egalitarian vs. elitist distribution; relational vs. transactional resources; need-based vs. contribution-based authorization; procedural vs. distributive justice; supplementing vs. substituting collective HR practices. Instrumental adoption in high-performance work environments likely facilitates harmful internalizations as subjectification and self-exploitation."

Đorđević, Slavko. "Merodavno pravo za ugovor o distribuciji u međunarodnom privatnom pravu Srbije". W XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.075dj.

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In this paper author analyses the conflict-of-law regime for cross-border distribution contracts in Serbian private international law. The study begins with the characterisation of distribution contract and its delimitation form other similar contracts in Serbian legal system, such as a sale contract, franchising contract and agency contract. It continues with the analysis of conflict-of-law rules of Serbian PIL Act which have to be applied to distribution contract, where the attention is given to the choice of law rule of Art. 19 of Serbian PIL Act and to the hard conflict-of law rule for innominate contracts contained in Art. 20 point 20 of Serbian PIL Act which may be derogated by special escape clause (Art. 20 sentence 1 of Serbian PIL Act). This hard conflict-of-law rule is heavily criticised because it deviates from the principle of characteristic performance which has been established in hard conflict- of-law rules of Art. 20 point 1-19 that apply to nominate contracts. Finally, author analyses the issue of determining applicable law for formal validity of distribution contract as well as the application of overriding mandatory rules which directly affect the cross-border distribution contracts.

Zhou, Xia, Zengbin Zhang, Gang Wang, Xiaoxiao Yu, Ben Y. Zhao i Haitao Zheng. "Practical conflict graphs for dynamic spectrum distribution". W the ACM SIGMETRICS/international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2465529.2465545.

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Xia Zhou, Zengbin Zhang, Gang Wang, Xiaoxiao Yu, Ben Y. Zhao i Haitao Zheng. "Measurement-calibrated conflict graphs for dynamic spectrum distribution". W 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DYSPAN). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dyspan.2012.6478150.

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Đorđević, Slavko. "ODREĐIVANjE MERODAVNOG PRAVA ZA UGOVOR O FRANŠIZINGU – NEKOLIKO NAPOMENA IZ UGLA MEĐUNARODNOG PRIVATNOG PRAVA SRBIJE". W XVIII Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xviiimajsko.113dj.

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In this paper author analyses the conflict-of-law regime for cross-border franchise contracts in Serbian private international law. The study begins with the characterisation of franchise contract and its delimitation form other similar contracts in Serbian legal system, such as a distribution contract and licence contract. It continues with the analysis of conflict-of-law rules of Serbian PIL Act which have to be applied to franchise contract, where the attention is given to the choice of law rule of Art. 19 of Serbian PIL Act and to the hard conflict-of law rule for innominate contracts contained in Art. 20 point 20 of Serbian PIL Act which may be derogated by special escape clause (Art. 20 sentence 1 of Serbian PIL Act). This hard conflict-of-law rule deviates heavily from the principle of characteristic performance, which has been established in hard conflict-of-law rules of Art. 20 point 1-19 that apply to nominate contracts, so the author finds that it should be considered as meaningless and, therefore, replaced with the new conflict-of-law rule based upon mentioned principle of characteristic performance which can be created in accordance with Art. 2 of Serbian PILA. Finally, author analyses the issue of determining applicable law for formal validity of franchise contract and applicable law for master franchise contracts as well as the issue of application of overriding mandatory rules which directly affect the cross-border franchise contracts.

Sun, Schyler C., Bailu Jin, Zhuangkun Wei i Weisi Guo. "Revealing the Excitation Causality between Climate and Political Violence via a Neural Forward-Intensity Poisson Process". W Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/718.

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The causal mechanism between climate and political violence is fraught with complex mechanisms. Current quantitative causal models rely on one or more assumptions: (1) the climate drivers persistently generate conflict, (2) the causal mechanisms have a linear relationship with the conflict generation parameter, and/or (3) there is sufficient data to inform the prior distribution. Yet, we know conflict drivers often excite a social transformation process which leads to violence (e.g., drought forces agricultural producers to join urban militia), but further climate effects do not necessarily contribute to further violence. Therefore, not only is this bifurcation relationship highly non-linear, there is also often a lack of data to support prior assumptions for high resolution modeling. Here, we aim to overcome the aforementioned causal modeling challenges by proposing a neural forward-intensity Poisson process (NFIPP) model. The NFIPP is designed to capture the potential non-linear causal mechanism in climate induced political violence, whilst being robust to sparse and timing-uncertain data. Our results span 20 recent years and reveal an excitation-based causal link between extreme climate events and political violence across diverse countries. Our climate-induced conflict model results are cross-validated against qualitative climate vulnerability indices. Furthermore, we label historical events that either improve or reduce our predictability gain, demonstrating the importance of domain expertise in informing interpretation.

Jun-wei Li, Yong-mei Cheng, Shao-wu Zhang i Yan Liang. "Research of combination rule based on evidence distance and local conflict distribution". W 2010 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2010.5498881.

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Saldías, C., S. Speelman i G. Van Huylenbroeck. "A source of conflict? Distribution of water rights in Abanico Punata, Bolivia". W WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm110411.

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Gabor, Gabriel, i Doina Muresan. "THE PHYSIOGNOMY OF MILITARY CONFLICTS IN THE FUTURE AND THE NEED FOR TRANSFORMATION IN THE MILITARY". W eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-042.

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In the future, war will mainly settle in the sphere of the politics and economics and will have as general purpose to aim at major economic projects, such as: control over strategic raw materials, from the point of view of their exploitation, access routes and trade markets; restricted access to high performance technologies; political and military control over some of the world's "hot spots" etc.. Basically, war will become an informational confrontation based on the use of certain mechanisms of distribution and combination of ways and means to support the conflict, falling within the politics area and hardly requiring any use of armed means. Transformation is a strategic imperative. At NATO member states defense ministries level, modernization needs to be shaped and influenced by the imperative realities specific to the competition in the information age. This is the age when power will directly depend on such aspects as: increased information dissemination capacity, easy access to information and increased decision-making speed. Military transformation involves changes in the doctrine, organization and structure of forces, capabilities, business intellingence, training, education and procurement, human rtesources management and budgetary programming which become the main areas where modernization of the military occurs. The strategies that define transformation cover three major areas: military culture, capabilities planning and capabilities transformation. NATO's credibility degree is and will also be depending on its military capabilities. Therefore, the final goal of the military organization transformation is to create new military capabilities that enable the armed forces to carry on operations across the entire spectrum of conflicts

Wang, Yunxia. "The Cross-Cultural Meanings Analysis of Workers Work Conflict Distribution in Foreign Companies". W 2016 5th International Conference on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ssehr-16.2016.58.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Distributive conflict":

Rodrik, Dani, i Tanguy van Ypersele. Capital Mobility, Distributive Conflict, and International Tax Coordination. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, czerwiec 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7150.

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Balza, Lenin, Lina M. Díaz, Nicolás Gómez Parra i Osmel Manzano. The Unwritten License: The Social License to Operate in Latin America's Extractive Sector. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003820.

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The Latin America and the Caribbean region has benefited significantly from economic growth driven by the extractive sector. At the same time, the region has experienced high levels of conflicts related to this sector. This paper presents an overview of citizens' perceptions of the extractive industries in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Using a representative sample for each country, we identify regional and country-specific determinants of the Social License to Operate (SLO). The SLO is an unwritten license of social approval accorded to extractive projects by citizens. In this paper, we investigate a generalized version of the SLO, capturing public sentiment toward the mining and the oil and gas sectors in general. While our findings confirm that perceptions vary across countries, we show that governance is the strongest predictor of trust between citizens and the extractive sector, which is consistent with the evidence in the literature. In addition, procedural justice, distributive justice, and nationalism play essential roles in shaping individuals' attitudes. These findings suggest that strengthening government institutions could contribute to the prevention of conflict around extractive industries.

Idris, Iffat. Conditions for Elections to Succeed in Reducing Conflict and Instability. Institute of Development Studies, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.124.

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Post-conflict elections can pave the way for democratisation and peacebuilding, but can also lead to renewed conflict. Minimum conditions for ensuring that elections promote the former and reduce conflict and instability include: peace and demilitarisation; international involvement; not holding post-conflict elections too early; holding national and local elections separately – ideally, local before national; election systems (notably proportional representation) that distribute rather than concentrate power; independent, permanent and well-resourced election management bodies; and media that promote voter education, messaging by parties and candidates, and election transparency. However, it is important to stress that specific criteria needed for successful post-conflict elections will be context-dependent.Post-conflict elections have the potential to establish legitimate government and can pave the way for democratisation and sustained peace. However, because they determine the distribution of power, they can also trigger renewed conflict. The risk of this is exacerbated by the difficult circumstances in which post-conflict elections are typically held (e.g. damaged infrastructure, weak institutions). The challenge is how to achieve the potential benefits while avoiding the risks. What are the conditions or criteria needed to ensure that post-conflict elections do not lead to conflict and instability?This review looks at the conditions needed to ensure that post-conflict election reduce conflict and instability. It draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature. While there was substantial literature on the various criteria, notably international involvement and election administration, it was largely gender-blind, as well as disability-blind.

Pérez i Pastor, Plàcid. Conflict Generated by the Land Distribution after the Feudal Conquest of Majorca (1230-1244). Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/itma.2020.14.09.

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Rheinberger, Christoph, i Nicolas Treich. Catastrophe aversion: social attitudes towards common fates. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, czerwiec 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/882rpq.

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In light of climate change and other existential threats, policy commentators sometimes suggest that society should be more concerned about catastrophes. This document reflects on what is, or should be, society’s attitude toward such low-probability, high-impact events. The question underlying this analysis is how society considers (1) a major accident that leads to a large number of deaths; (2) a large number of small accidents that each kill one person, where the two situations lead to the same total number of deaths. We first explain how catastrophic risk can be conceived of as a spread in the distribution of losses, or a “more risky” distribution of risks. We then review studies from decision sciences, psychology, and behavioral economics that elicit people’s attitudes toward various social risks. This literature review finds more evidence against than in favor of catastrophe aversion. We address a number of possible behavioral explanations for these observations, then turn to social choice theory to examine how various social welfare functions handle catastrophic risk. We explain why catastrophe aversion may be in conflict with equity concerns and other-regarding preferences. Finally, we discuss current approaches to evaluate and regulate catastrophic risk, with a discussion of how it could be integrated into a benefit-cost analysis framework.

Khorsheed, Najmadeen. The Necessity of Collaborative Federalism for Oil and Gas Management in Iraq. Fribourg (Switzerland): IFF, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51363/unifr.diff.2017.18.

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The distribution of power and wealth is a contentious issue of federalism in Iraq. It has caused major conflicts between the federal government and the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), especially over the management of oil and gas. This paper aims to clarify the nature of those disputes and their possible solution through Elazar’s theory of collaborative federalism. After presenting the principal elements of collaborative federalism, it provides eight rationales for adopting collaborative approach in Iraq. The rationales are mainly examined in the context of managing oil and gas between the central government and KRG. The paper then discusses some potential challenges for changing the nature of federalism in Iraq from competitive to collaborative.

Lind, Jeremy. Politics and Governance of Social Assistance in Crises From the Bottom Up. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.004.

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This paper reviews existing perspectives on the politics and governance of social assistance in crises from the bottom up – from sub-national regions (or states/provinces) down to districts, sub-districts, towns, and villages. It begins by examining recent literature on the politics of social protection, which is mostly based on assessment of political dynamics and relationships in settings that are peaceful and only minimally affected (or unaffected) by conflict-related violence. Key insights from political economy analysis of humanitarian assistance, alongside the ‘political marketplace’ – a more recent concept used to understand governance in fragile and conflict-affected settings (FCAS) – are introduced to deepen understanding of politics specifically in situations where statehood is both limited and negotiated. The second part of the paper reviews various insights into sub-national and local governance, focusing on the role of non-state actors in provisioning and distribution at the edges of state power, delivery configurations in these settings, and the rationalities of local governance and ‘real implementation’. Understanding the arrangements and dynamics of governance sub-nationally and locally is essential for designing and planning the provision of social assistance in ways that are more likely to be politically and socially acceptable while also being inclusive and delivering value for money. The conclusion draws together these various perspectives on politics and governance from the bottom up to consider the implications and questions for further research on social assistance in crises.

Siebert, Rudolf J., i Michael R. Ott. Catholicism and the Frankfurt School. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4301.

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The paper traces the development from the medieval, traditional union, through the modern disunion, toward a possible post-modern reunion of the sacred and the profane. It concentrates on the modern disunion and conflict between the religious and the secular, revelation and enlightenment, faith and autonomous reason in the Western world and beyond. It deals specifically with Christianity and the modern age, particularly liberalism, socialism and fascism of the 2Oth and the 21st centuries. The problematic inclination of Western Catholicism toward fascism, motivated by the fear of and hate against socialism and communism in the 20th century, and toward exclusive, authoritarian, and totalitarian populism and identitarianism in the 21st. century, is analyzed, compared and critiqued. Solutions to the problem are suggested on the basis of the Critical Theory of Religion and Society, derived from the Critical Theory of Society of the Frankfurt School. The critical theory and praxis should help to reconcile the culture wars which are continually produced by the modern antagonism between the religious and the secular, and to prepare the way toward post-modern, alternative Future III - the freedom of All on the basis of the collective appropriation of collective surplus value. Distribution and recognition problems are equally taken seriously.

Land Conflicts in India: An Interim Analysis. Rights and Resources Initiative, listopad 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/dogb3075.

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Land and resource conflicts in India have deep implications for the well-being of the country’s people, institutions, investments, and long-term development. These conflicts reveal deep structural flaws in the country’s social, agrarian, and institutional structures, including ambiguities in property rights regimes and institutions. In 2014, a study focusing primarily on reports in the national media reflected the gravity of these conflicts. There was great interest in this narrow exercise, which prompted a more rigorous and detailed data collection on conflicts and creation of an interactive web portal on land and resource conflicts in India. While the exercise is ongoing, this brief provides an interim analysis of approximately 289 conflicts for which data was collected thus far, covering the period between January-September, 2016. This analysis provides a powerful instrument to understand land resource conflicts in India. The emerging patterns from the analysis of the 289 conflicts provide inferences about sectoral and spatial distribution of conflicts. Based on these patterns, our assessment is that this brief has captured roughly 25- 40 percent of active and substantive land conflicts in the country.