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1

OYEBOLA, Blessed Olalekan. "PASSWORD BASED ELECTRIC LOAD SWITCHING GEAR FOR THE SAFETY OF LINEMAN." International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies 1, no. 1 (2019): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijoest.v1.i1.2017.05.

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Safety of human life is of a paramount importance. In high current switching system, switch gear protects electrical circuit. However there is need to provide confidence to working engineers during installation work on high voltage installations. To prevent accidental switching on of switch gear by unauthorized workforce, this paper proposed a more life secured switching password-enabled device that strengthen working confidence and inactivate unauthorized person from hazardous switching of electrical power installation without the notice of field working engineers.
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Blessed, Olalekan OYEBOLA. "PASSWORD BASED ELECTRIC LOAD SWITCHING GEAR FOR THE SAFETY OF LINEMAN." International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies 1, no. 1 (2017): 48–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.283787.

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Safety of human life is of a paramount importance. In high current switching system, switch gear protects electrical circuit. However there is need to provide confidence to working engineers during installation work on high voltage installations. To prevent accidental switching on of switch gear by unauthorized workforce, this paper proposed a more life secured switching password-enabled device that strengthen working confidence and inactivate unauthorized person from hazardous switching of electrical power installation without the notice of field working engineers.
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BERSHADSKIY, Il'ya A., Aleksandr Yu GLADKOV, and Vladimir V. IVANILOV. "Analysis of Electrical Explosion Safety Based on Dynamic Electrical Circuit Switching Discharge Models." Elektrichestvo, no. 2 (2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2022-2-19-28.

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A mathematical model describing a switching arc discharge in an RL electric circuit based on the Mayr equation is developed and tested. The body of mathematics representing an arc discharge appearing in an RL circuit that takes into account the dynamic current-voltage arc characteristic and arc thermal processes is described. The results from calculating the arc thermal inertia constant for the switching period for a resistive circuit by several known methods, including the values obtained during simulation, are given. It has been found that the arc discharge model that takes into account the
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Putera, Andhika Rizkita, Muhammad Nizam, and Feri Adriyanto. "Design and Build Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) Based Internet of Things on Microgrid System." Journal of Electrical, Electronic, Information, and Communication Technology 4, no. 2 (2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jeeict.4.2.64700.

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Electrical energy is a primary human requirement for continuously operating electronic devices. However, nonrenewable electrical energy is becoming increasingly scarce. As a backup power source, regenerative energy sources are an option. Because the conventional power grid transfer system takes a relatively long time, the application of a control system on the power grid transfer automatically can maximize efficiency, safety, and accuracy. In this study, an ATS system was developed using the electrical grid switching method for 300ms, 600ms, and 1000ms, as well as IoT to optimize the ATS manua
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Dhenge, Kirti, Kartik Wani, Devashish Panchbhai, and Vaibhav Mohare. "IOT Based Electrical Switching Circuit for the Safety of Human and Electrical System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (2023): 1939–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50516.

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Abstract: In this paper, we present an IoT-based electrical switching circuit that ensures the safety of both humans and electrical systems. The circuit has the capability to be broken manually by inserting a password via Wi-Fi and automatically by sensing smoke and temperature using smoke and temperature sensors. The proposed system provides an efficient and effective way to protect against electrical hazards.
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Hartanto, Endin Tri, Bagus Irawan, Sunarta Sunarta, and Atet Saputra. "DESIGN OF PROTOTYPE ELECTRICAL FIRING DEVICE SMOKE POWDER BOMB INTEGRATED IN ANDROID." JOURNAL ASRO 11, no. 1 (2020): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v11i1.214.

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Threats are any businesses and activities, both from domestic and foreign countries which are consideredendangering the Indonesian sovereignty, the territorial integrity of the country, and the safety of the wholenation. Military threats are threats that use organized armed forces that are judged to have abilities thatjeopardize the country's sovereignty, the territorial integrity of the country, and the safety of the whole nation.This smoke powder firing system is to utilize the internet network so that to trigger the smoke powder bomb canbe carried out from various places and anywhere the sm
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Agbese Echo Agbese, Victor Ugonna Akpulonu, Chijioke Emmanuel Obizue, et al. "Design and construction of a IoT based automated circuit breaker system." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 12, no. 2 (2024): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2024.12.2.0281.

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Electrocution is a major fatal issue faced by electricians worldwide. A Circuit breaker is a device for automatic switching of electrical devices against overload and short circuits. However, advancements in technology allow for a more sophisticated approach: the cloud-based circuit breaker with a microcontroller and sensors for monitoring the line current and voltage levels. This system switches OFF the affected line when an electrical wire becomes defective, and the lineman may safely repair it. This design integrates real-time monitoring, remote control, and internet connectivity, enhancing
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8

Dhenge, Kirti, Priyanka B. Petkar, Rajat S. Kothe, and Rohan Z. Gaidhane. "An Overview on Electric Switching Circuit for the Safety of Electrical System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (2023): 2328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50640.

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Abstract: The regulating and monitoring of circuit breakers using internet of things (IoT) is the topic of this study. Circuit breakers are a crucial component of the power system and play a significant role in the generation and transmission of electricity. When this action needs to be done online, maintaining reliable operation and monitoring of the high voltage circuit breakers is a significant problem. This paper outlines the design of an electrical equipment online monitoring and diagnosis system that collects, transmits, and processes data regarding the equipment under observation. The s
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Hasan, KK, Shakir Saat2, Y Yusof, Muhammad Asraf H, Zakiah Mohd Yusoff, NM Meor Shaari, and MZ Mustapa. "Design of Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) for Low Power Application using Power Converter Class E triggered by Arduino Uno Switching Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.22 (2018): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.22.22194.

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This paper presents Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) design for low power application using Arduino Uno Switching Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Generally, the CPT system consists of primary side direct current to alternate current (DC-to-AC) resonant converter that converts DC to high frequency AC energy to the secondary side receiver via energy medium transfer. The secondary side is not connected electrically with the primary side, which is movable (linearly or/and rotating) to offer flexibility, mobility, and safety for supplied loads. The CPT that is examined in this study used TC 4422 and C
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10

Shelekh, Yurii, Myroslav Sabat, Vladyslav Lysiak, and Lidija Parashchuk. "Enhancing safety and reliability of electric power supply to consumers through safe electricity networks of up to 1 kV." Energy engineering and control systems 7, no. 2 (2021): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jeecs2021.02.097.

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The study presents an electric network that allows both increasing the level of electrical safety and eliminating one-phase damage to the electrical network without switching off the consumer's electric energy. The application of the network does not require significant investments. The technical feasibility of implementing an electrical installation with voltage values in the emergency mode on the leading parts, which does not exceed the permissible values for normal mode, is demonstrated. An additional advantage of the proposed technical solution is the immutability of the voltage at the cus
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11

Karrupusamy, P. "Microcontroller-Based Switching for Cost-Effective Load Management and Industrial Automation." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Automation 6, no. 3 (2024): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2024.3.007.

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This study proposes a microcontroller-based switching system designed for cost-effective load management and industrial automation. Using a microcontroller such as Arduino or PIC, this system controls relay modules to manage various electrical loads efficiently. Real-time data from current and temperature sensors enable accurate load management, preventing overloads and improving power usage. The system automates load switching based on predefined schedules and real-time conditions, reducing energy consumption and operational costs. Safety is enhanced through overcurrent and temperature protec
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12

Kinev, E. S., A. A. Tyapin, V. I. Panteleev, M. V. Pervukhin, and A. I. Bezrukikh. "Technological equipment for foundry production, efficiency and safety." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2388, no. 1 (2022): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2388/1/012069.

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Abstract The article discusses the results of the development and research of controlled electrical preheating of casting troughs and intermediate tanks in the system of transport trays for pouring aluminum melt. Electric heating contributes to high-quality and safe pouring of the melt in the cold shop. The heating of the casting track links eliminates the possibility of an explosion when the melt contacts water or ice, and also maintains the fluidity of the metal and limits the temperature gradient in the melt. Evaluation of the efficiency of the heater system was carried out on the basis of
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13

Ciszewski, Tomasz, Jerzy Wojciechowski, Mieczysław Kornaszewski, Grzegorz Krawczyk, Beata Kuźmińska-Sołśnia, and Artur Hermanowicz. "Assessment of the Risk of Failure in Electric Power Supply Systems for Railway Traffic Control Devices." Sensors 25, no. 14 (2025): 4501. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144501.

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This paper provides a reliability analysis of selected components in the electrical power supply systems used for railway traffic control equipment. It includes rectifiers, controllers, inverters, generators, batteries, sensors, and switching elements. The study used failure data from power supply system elements on selected railway lines. The analysis was performed using a mathematical model based on Markov processes. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to improve safety levels. The results presented in the paper could serve as a valuable source of information for operators of po
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14

Habchi, R., C. Salame, P. Mialhe, and A. Khoury. "Switching times variation of power MOSFET devices after electrical stress." Microelectronics Reliability 47, no. 8 (2007): 1296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2006.09.044.

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SHICHKOV, LEONID P. "DOSED-CAPACITY ELECTRODE WATER HEATER USED IN BOILING AND HEATING INSTALLATIONS." Agricultural engineering, no. 4 (2021): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2021-4-72-75.

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Power change of electrode water heaters depending on the water quality is their main disadvantage. To eliminate this drawback and improve the reliability of water heaters, an electrode water heating system was developed and its operating mode was analyzed. The paper considers an aggregated system of electric water heating, consisting of a single-phase electrode water heater connected to a single-phase network via a valve-capacitor converter with a metered energy transfer. To regulate and stabilize the heating power, the storage capacity of the converter is divided into separate sections. The p
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16

Bajracharya, Samyak, Sukriti Paudel, Pratibha Lama, and Rishikesh Upadhyay. "Smart Multiplug: IoT-Based Energy Monitoring and Remote-Control System for Sustainable Power Management." International Journal on Engineering Technology 2, no. 2 (2025): 248–55. https://doi.org/10.3126/injet.v2i2.78651.

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This paper presents an IoT-based smart multiplug system designed for energy conservation and device protection. The system leverages an ESP32 microcontroller with integrated Wi-Fi connectivity to enable remote monitoring and control of electrical appliances through the Arduino IoT Cloud platform. Key features include real-time current and temperature monitoring, remote switching capability, and customizable threshold alerts for device protection. Evaluation results demonstrate the system's effectiveness in monitoring power consumption with a current threshold of 10A and temperature threshold o
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Łowczowski, Krzysztof, Piotr Miller, Magdalena Udzik, and Daria Złotecka. "Switching Operations in 110 kV Networks in the Context of Synchro-Check and Mitigation of Switching Stress by Utilizing Proper Control of Renewables and Energy Storages." Energies 16, no. 18 (2023): 6434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16186434.

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Synchro-check (SC) relays are devices that control synchronization between different fragments of power system networks. Synchronism is monitored by controlling the voltage amplitude, angle, and frequency differences. The goal of monitoring is to avoid dangerous transients after the circuit breaker (CB) closing, which occur when the differences between the voltage, angle, and frequency at both sides of the CB are above the threshold. Although the idea of SC is straightforward, one needs to realize that blocking of the CB closing may cause even more severe issues, i.e., the deterioration of pow
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18

Yau, Yeu-Torng, and Tsung-Liang Hung. "An LLC Converter with Capacitive Insulation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (2022): 4950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104950.

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Offline power converter products must apply for and pass the national electrical safety code before they can be marketed. The transformers of offline power converters must be made from certificated materials with a high voltage rating and high electrical insulation, which increases the volume of the transformers and the printed circuit boards. In most studies, the miniaturization of a power converter is usually achieved by increasing the conversion efficiency and reducing the heat sink, or by increasing the switching frequency to reduce the size of the transformers. In this paper, the insulati
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19

Shpolianskii, O. G. "ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT PROCESSES DURING ENERGISATION OF THE AC OVERHED TRANSMITION LINE IN THE HIBRID POWER SYSTEMS." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2022, no. 6 (2022): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2022.06.058.

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The paper analyses the transients that occur during the energisation of overhead transmission line 750 kV in a hybrid power system. It is shown that the power supply of the AC transmission line from the high voltage direct current transmission allows using converter control system to limit the switching overvoltage and the aperiodic currents. This enriches the list of traditional measures to improve the safety of AC power systems. References 8, tables 2, figures 1.
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Suffian Ahmad Taufik, Ahmad Danish, Rina Abdullah, Afiza Nur Jaafar, Nik Nur Shaadah Nik Dzulkefli, and Syila Izawana Ismail. "A low-cost Wi-Fi smart home socket using internet of things." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 2 (2024): 930–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i2.6521.

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With the emergence of smart home appliances, traditional power sockets are becoming less compatible with modern living styles. Furthermore, modern commercialized sockets are expensive and unaffordable. This project presents the development of a low-cost Wi-Fi smart home socket using internet of things (IoT) technology that is user-friendly for smartphone users to control home appliances. Smart home socket devices can turn on and off power outlets automatically from any location if they are linked to the internet and providing the user with more convenience and energy savings. This project uses
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21

Ma, Kuichao, Mohsen Soltani, Amin Hajizadeh, Jiangsheng Zhu, and Zhe Chen. "Wind Farm Power Optimization and Fault Ride-Through under Inter-Turn Short-Circuit Fault." Energies 14, no. 11 (2021): 3072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113072.

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Inter-Turn Short Circuit (ITSC) fault in stator winding is a common fault in Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based Wind Turbines (WTs). Improper measures in the ITSC fault affect the safety of the faulty WT and the power output of the Wind Farm (WF). This paper combines derating WTs and the power optimization of the WF to diminish the fault effect. At the turbine level, switching the derating strategy and the ITSC Fault Ride-Through (FRT) strategy is adopted to ensure that WTs safely operate under fault. At the farm level, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based active power dispatch
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Miroshnyk, Oleksandr, Oleksandr Moroz, Taras Shchur, Andrii Chepizhnyi, Mohamed Qawaqzeh, and Sławomir Kocira. "Investigation of Smart Grid Operation Modes with Electrical Energy Storage System." Energies 16, no. 6 (2023): 2638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062638.

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The paper considers the issues of maintaining an equality of flow in generated and consumed electric energy in an electric network incorporating an electric power storage system. An analysis of ways to equalize the energy and power balance was carried out, and the advantages of using electricity storage systems in electrical networks was assessed. Upon simulation using the Power Factory program, we noted that, after switching on the load, a transient process occurs, characterized by a jump in active power, which was caused by the need for time to initiate the electric energy storage system. Ho
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Yan, Dong, Lijun Hang, Yuanbin He, Zhen He, and Pingliang Zeng. "An Accurate Switching Transient Analytical Model for GaN HEMT under the Influence of Nonlinear Parameters." Energies 15, no. 8 (2022): 2966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082966.

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The Gallium Nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) has been considered as a potential power semiconductor device for high switching speed and high power density application since its commercialization. Compared with the traditional Si transistors, GaN HEMT has faster switching speed and lower on-off loss. As a result, it is more sensitive to the nonlinear parameters due to the fast switching speed. The subsequent voltage and current overshooting will affect the efficiency and safety of the GaN HEMT and power electronic systems. In this paper, an accurate switching transient analy
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Ma, Chao-Tsung, and Zhen-Huang Gu. "Review on Driving Circuits for Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Switching Devices for Mid- to High-Power Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010065.

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Wide-bandgap (WBG) material-based switching devices such as gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are considered very promising candidates for replacing conventional silicon (Si) MOSFETs for various advanced power conversion applications, mainly because of their capabilities of higher switching frequencies with less switching and conduction losses. However, to make the most of their advantages, it is crucial to understand the intrinsic differences between WBG- and Si-based switchin
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Ma, Chao-Tsung, and Zhen-Huang Gu. "Review on Driving Circuits for Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Switching Devices for Mid- to High-Power Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010065.

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Wide-bandgap (WBG) material-based switching devices such as gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are considered very promising candidates for replacing conventional silicon (Si) MOSFETs for various advanced power conversion applications, mainly because of their capabilities of higher switching frequencies with less switching and conduction losses. However, to make the most of their advantages, it is crucial to understand the intrinsic differences between WBG- and Si-based switchin
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Leuchter, Jan, Radim Bloudicek, Jan Boril, Josef Bajer, and Erik Blasch. "Influence of Aircraft Power Electronics Processing on Backup VHF Radio Systems." Electronics 10, no. 7 (2021): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070777.

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The paper describes the influence of power electronics, energy processing, and emergency radio systems (ERS) immunity testing on onboard aircraft equipment and ground stations providing air traffic services. The implementation of next-generation power electronics introduces potential hazards for the safety and reliability of aircraft systems, especially the interferences from power electronics with high-power processing. The paper focuses on clearly identifying, experimentally verifying, and quantifiably measuring the effects of power electronics processing using switching modes versus the ele
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Ren, Zhibin, Meng Wang, Xianhu Luo, Chentao Wang, and Tailong Chen. "Research on Underwater Constant High-Voltage DC Switching Technology for MCSEM." Sensors 24, no. 20 (2024): 6598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24206598.

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The marine controlled source electromagnetic (MCSEM) transmitter can transmit high currents near the seabed to detect the electrical structure of the seafloor. The use of three-phase alternating current (AC) transmission can lead to three-phase imbalance, which results in an excessive current in one phase’s power line and affects the safety of the tow cable. This paper proposes an MCSEM underwater constant high-voltage direct-current (DC) switching scheme that replaces AC transmission with DC transmission. This scheme can fundamentally avoid three-phase imbalance and the AC loss caused by indu
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P, Sivasankaran, Akash R, Harish R, and Suresh S. "Generation of Power from Footpath Using IOT." International Research Journal of Computer Science 11, no. 04 (2024): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/irjcs.2024.v1104.32.

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The present scenario, the requirement for energy has been increasing in a distressing rate and the availability of the energy resources are not abundant for sustainable development and the need of the hour is to establish an economical pollution free inexhaustible energy resource to compensate the increasing demands. Since, walking is the most common activity in human day to day life, whenever a person walks, he exhausts energy to the ground which goes as a waste. In order to preserve and make use of this energy we are converting it into electrical energy using piezoelectric effect. Piezoelect
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Kolosjuk, Volodymyr, Dmytro Rieznik, Olha Chencheva, Boris Bolibrukh, and Batyr Khalmuradov. "INCREASING INTRINSIC SAFETY IN PULSE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF CONSUMERS IN COMPARISON WITH DC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS." JOURNAL of Donetsk mining institute, no. 2 (2020): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2020-2-133-141.

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The purpose of the work is to evaluate the magnitude of the arc sparking energy during switching in the wires of a pulsed power supply system when compared with the energy when powered from a direct current source and to determine the flammable currents of the methane-air mixture to improve intrinsic safety. Methodology. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of the application of the theory of electrical engineering, the theory of planning a scientific experiment, computer and simulation modelling. The experimental data were obtained in the laboratories of the Kremenc
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Serikov, Ya, O. Nikitchenko, and K. Serikova. "STATE AND PROBLEMS OF PRODUCTION AND HOUSEHOLD ELECTROTRAUMATISM IN UKRAINE." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 164 (2021): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-4-164-234-239.

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Technogenic development of society has caused widespread use in the system «man – production environment» and the system «man – household environment» of household electrical equipment, industrial electrical installations. Failure to comply with the regulated rules of electrical safety of electric current leads to electrical injuries. Designs of electrical installations, equipment, electrical protective measures are constantly being improved. But the level of electrical injuries in Ukraine and abroad tends to increase. This leads to social and economic losses as a result of economic costs in a
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Jasika, Ranko, Jovan Mrvić, and Stefan Obradović. "Insulation stresses of power equipment exposed to non-standard overvoltage waveforms." Zbornik radova Elektrotehnicki institut Nikola Tesla, no. 32 (2022): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zeint32-41430.

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During its operation, electrical equipment is constantly exposed to overvoltages of various waveforms, such as lightning discharges, switching operations, faults, etc. Therefore, adequate selection of overvoltage protection and equipment insulation withstand voltages are key factors in increasing system reliability. In general, insulation coordination is carried out by analyzing the insulation behavior for standard impulse and switching overvoltage waveforms. However, overvoltages that occur in operating conditions can significantly deviate from the standard waveforms of insulation withstand v
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Jasika, Ranko, Jovan Mrvić, and Stefan Obradović. "Insulation Stresses of Power Equipment Exposed to Non-standard Overvoltage Waveforms." Zbornik radova, Elektrotehnički institut Nikola Tesla 32, no. 32 (2022): 27–41. https://doi.org/10.5937/zeint32-41430.

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During its operation, electrical equipment is constantly exposed to overvoltages of various waveforms, such as lightning discharges, switching operations, faults, etc. Therefore, adequate selection of overvoltage protection and equipment insulation withstand voltages are key factors in increasing system reliability. In general, insulation coordination is carried out by analyzing the insulation behavior for standard impulse and switching overvoltage waveforms. However, overvoltages that occur in operating conditions can significantly deviate from the standard waveforms of insulation withstand v
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Straßer, Xenia, Guy Williams Ngaleu, Christian Hanzl, Mohamed Azzam, Christian Endisch, and Meinert Lewerenz. "Influence of Switching on the Aging of High Energy Lithium-Ion Cells." Batteries 9, no. 2 (2023): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9020139.

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An AC-battery or multilevel inverter used to increase safety and flexibility is realizable by switching the cells and modules on and off in a defined way and thus can replace the bidirectional converter. Assessing possible additional aging due to switching, the results of a previous study for a high-power optimized cell showed no influence on the current rates or the switching. In this paper, a highly energy-optimized LG 18650-cell is investigated to discuss the influence of switching during the charge and discharge process, respectively, as well as combining both processes together with clear
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Muhamad Ariandi and Jajang M Hambiah. "Automatic Task Receiving and Safety Device." Uranus : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro, Sains dan Informatika 3, no. 1 (2025): 230–42. https://doi.org/10.61132/uranus.v3i1.699.

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Technological innovation always follows user needs and current trends that make it easier for users. One of the applications is in the form of an automatic task receiving and safety device. Automatic task receiving and safety device is an innovative solution that utilizes GM66 sensor, ESP32 module, ESP32 Cam, solenoid, limit switch and Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS). The system allows users to collect tasks or documents through an easily accessible Telegram Bot integration. This tool uses a GM66 sensor that functions to read Quick Response (QR) on the learning module, while the ESP32 function
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35

Manakov, A. D., V. A. Shatokhin, and A. A. Poroshin. "ACTIVE PROTECTION METHOD FOR POWER SUPPLY OF MICROPROCESSOR COMPLEXES OF RAILWAY AUTOMATION AND REMOTE CONTROL." Automation on Transport 7, no. 4 (2021): 522–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2021-7-4-522-538.

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The article discusses the issues of increasing the reliability, safety, and survivability of power supply for railway automation and remote control devices. The authors have analyzed failures in the automation and remote control facilities in recent years, estimated the proportion of device failures due to lightning overvoltages, and highlighted an upward trend in the railway automation and remote control failures due to switching and lightning overvoltages. The design of modern uninterruptible power supply devices is provided with a description of the main structural units. Methods are propos
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36

Kupin, A., A. Uchytel, V. Shapovalov, V. Lyashenko, and S. Uchytel. "JUSTIFICATION OF REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF SUPPLY VOLTAGE OF SUBSTATIONS OF MINING AND PROCESSING PLANTS." Sciences of Europe, no. 149 (September 26, 2024): 51–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13842719.

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Purpose. Justification of rational levels of reactive power compensation to improve the quality of the supply voltage of substations of mining and processing plants. This will reduce both current and voltage harmonics, as well as increase the energy efficiency of synchronous motors involved in reactive power compensation. <strong>Methods</strong>. The following were used: data from literary sources and patent documentation in the field of improving the quality of the supply voltage of substations of mining and processing plants, justification of rational levels of reactive power compensation o
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37

González-Sentís, M. A., P. Tounsi, A. Bensoussan, and A. Dufour. "Degradation indicators of power-GaN-HEMT under switching power-cycling." Microelectronics Reliability 100-101 (September 2019): 113412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2019.113412.

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38

Manihuruk, Jonner, Toga Simorangkir, and Novrin L. Sitanggang. "Studi Kemampuan Arrester Untuk Pengaman Transformator Pada Gardu Induk Tanjung Morawa 150 KV." Jurnal ELPOTECS 4, no. 1 (2021): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51622/elpotecs.v4i1.447.

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Overvoltage is a voltage that can only be held for a very limited time. Overvoltage that occurs for a time that exceeds the equipment's capacity limit will damage the equipment connected to the network that is subjected to overvoltage. Lightning overvoltage is a periodic overvoltage caused by external overvoltage, both direct and indirect strikes. Lightning overvoltage only lasts a very short time but has a voltage that is so high that it exceeds the operating voltage of the equipment so it is potentially very damaging. Lightning Arrester is an installation safety equipment from overvoltage di
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39

Siagian, Lestina, Widia Viviana Simanjuntak, and Junus Sunaryo Banjarnahor. "Desain Pemrograman Visual Pengendalian Nomor Urut." Jurnal ELPOTECS 4, no. 1 (2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51622/elpotecs.v4i1.448.

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Overvoltage is a voltage that can only be held for a very limited time. Overvoltage that occurs for a time that exceeds the equipment's capacity limit will damage the equipment connected to the network that is subjected to overvoltage. Lightning overvoltage is a periodic overvoltage caused by external overvoltage, both direct and indirect strikes. Lightning overvoltage only lasts a very short time but has a voltage that is so high that it exceeds the operating voltage of the equipment so it is potentially very damaging. Lightning Arrester is an installation safety equipment from overvoltage di
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40

De Carvalho, Caíque C. A., Paulo R. D. R. Da Silva, José M. Araújo, and José A. Pomilio. "Leakage Current Mitigation in On-Grid Photovoltaic Systems Using a Flexible Multi-Level Inverter Topology." Eletrônica de Potência 30 (March 18, 2025): e202527. https://doi.org/10.18618/rep.e202527.

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Leakage current is an issue that often causes problems in transformerless grid-connected PV inverters, such as electromagnetic interference, which is conducted or radiated and derates the quality of power injected into the grid. It can also lead to electrical safety problems, impair the performance of other equipment nearby, and thus make the generation system unavailable. Therefore, mitigation procedures for the leakage current in transformerless grid-connected PV inverters are essential to ensure system efficiency and safety. In this sense, a new single-phase grid-connected transformerless i
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41

Radhika, G., K. Sashidhar, P. Aravinda Sai Krishna, and C. Avaneesh. "Flexible output pattern high-power pulse generator." E3S Web of Conferences 472 (2024): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447201016.

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Day by day, the need for renewable fuel has increased to reduce the usage of non-renewable fuels and also to provide adequate fuel for vehicle use worldwide. Organic fuels that can be derived from different sources are renewable fuels, of which oil extracted from algae cells can also be used as a biofuel. Algae oil extraction can be achieved by applying a Pulsed Electric Field across the algae cell to rupture its membrane and to remove oil. A Pulse Generator, capable of carrying out this operation, although in existence, has some drawbacks including lack of versatility, performance and reliabi
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42

Cihan, Katar, and Polat Uzunoğlu Cengiz. "A comparative study on AC/DC analysis of an operational low voltage distribution system." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 10, no. 3 (2021): 193–206. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v10.i3.pp193-206.

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In the near future, the digitalizing world will continue to improve and the need for DC based devices will be increased beyond doubt. Today&rsquo;s electrical grid is strictly dependent on AC-DC rectifiers. Each conversion process means additional power losses and signal quality deteriorations for the network. In addition, networks which are fed by batteries and renewable sources such as solar panels, and wind turbines are suffering from conversion-based power losses. In this respect, the idea of switching to DC on the low voltage side of the networks has become an intriguing subject. In this
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43

Cihan, Katar, and Polat Uzunoğlu Cengiz. "A comparative study on AC/DC analysis of an operational low voltage distribution system." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 10, no. 3 (2021): 193~206. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7344511.

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In the near future, the digitalizing world will continue to improve and the need for DC based devices will be increased beyond doubt. Today&rsquo;s electrical grid is strictly dependent on AC-DC rectifiers. Each conversion process means additional power losses and signal quality deteriorations for the network. In addition, networks which are fed by batteries and renewable sources such as solar panels, and wind turbines are suffering from conversion-based power losses. In this respect, the idea of switching to DC on the low voltage side of the networks has become an intriguing subject. In this
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44

Żyluk, Andrzej, Mariusz Zieja, Andrzej Szelmanowski, Justyna Tomaszewska, Magdalena Perlińska, and Krzysztof Głyda. "Electrical Disturbances in Terms of Methods to Reduce False Activation of Aerial Fire Protection Systems." Sensors 22, no. 20 (2022): 8059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22208059.

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The paper presents an analysis of false triggers of fire protection systems installed on aircraft. They not only cause task interruption but also have a direct impact on flight safety, forcing the crew to land in a risky area. Simulation models of electronic actuators were developed to determine the conditions under which false alarms occur. Testing of the simulation models was carried out in the computational package Matlab-Simulink and Circum-Maker for different electrical disturbance generation conditions. The simulation of overvoltage, voltage drops and voltage decays in the on-board elect
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45

Alderete, Bruno, Christian Schäfer, U. Pranav Nayak, Frank Mücklich, and Sebastian Suarez. "Modifying the Characteristics of the Electrical Arc Generated during Hot Switching by Reinforcing Silver and Copper Matrices with Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 7 (2024): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8070285.

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Switching elements are crucial components in electrical and electronic systems that undergo severe degradation due to the electrical arc that is generated during breaking. Understanding the behavior of the electrical arc and modifying its characteristics via proper electrode design can significantly improve durability while also promoting optimal performance, reliability, and safety in circuit breakers. This work evaluates the feasibility of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced silver and copper metal matrix composites (MMCs) as switching electrodes and the influence of CNT concentration on the ch
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46

Wang, Junyi, Tiezhu Zhang, Hongxin Zhang, Jian Yang, Zhen Zhang, and Zewen Meng. "Research on Braking Efficiency of Master-Slave Electro-Hydraulic Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Electronics 11, no. 12 (2022): 1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11121918.

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To address the problems of short-rangee and poor braking safety of electric vehicles, this paper proposes a master-slave electro-hydraulic hybrid passenger car drive system based on planetary gear. The system couples the electrical energy output from the electric motor with the hydraulic energy output from the electro-hydraulic pump/motor through the planetary gear. The hydraulic system is used as the auxiliary power source of the power system giving full play to the advantages of the hydraulic system and the electric system. After theoretical analysis, this paper establishes a master-slave el
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47

Ozturk, Metin. "A Simplified Design Method for Quasi-Resonant Inverter Used in Induction Hob." Electronics 12, no. 19 (2023): 4145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194145.

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Induction heating (IH) technology is widely recognized and utilized in residential applications due to its high efficiency and safe operating characteristics. Resonant inverter circuits are widely used in IH systems because of their high efficiency and ability to perform soft switching. Among the various resonant inverters used in IH systems, the single-switch quasi-resonant (SSQR) inverter topology is typically preferred for low-cost and low-output-power applications. Despite its cost advantage, the SSQR topology has a relatively narrow soft-switching range, which can be unstable depending on
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48

Lin, Cuixia, Wenguang Luo, Hongli Lan, and Cong Hu. "Research on Multi-Objective Compound Energy Management Strategy Based on Fuzzy Control for FCHEV." Energies 15, no. 5 (2022): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051721.

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A compound energy management strategy is proposed to improve the fuel cell’s durability and the economy of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEV). A control strategy that combines fuzzy control and switching control is proposed, taking into account factors that affect the fuel cell’s durability and the supercapacitor park’s safety. To smooth the output power of fuel cells under frequent variable load conditions, a moving average filtering algorithm has been added. Finally, co-simulation using Advisor and Matlab/Simulink under the World Light Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) compares the proposed
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49

Obukoeroro, John, and H. E. Uguru. "Acute epileptic electricity supply in Isoko North Local Government Area of Delta State: Its causes and remediation." Applied Journal of Physical Science 3, no. 1 (2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/ajps2021.041.

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Epileptic electric power supply had become a common factor in Isoko North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. This study looks at the immediate causes of the prolong power failure in the area, in order to proffer solutions to them. Field work and questionnaires were used to obtain data for this study. During the field work, the main 33 KVA Isoko-Kwale transmission line was thoroughly inspected to ascertain its current state. In addition, the primary (11 KVA) and secondary (415 V) distribution lines, the transformer and feeder pillars were also inspected. Furthermore, questionnaires
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Reza Sarwo Widagdo, Puji Slamet, and Fernanda Eka Saputra. "Performance Analysis of SF6 Circuit Breakers: Case Study of Rungkut 150 kV Main Substation." WAHANA 76, no. 1 (2024): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/wahana.v76i1.8487.

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Electrical energy transmission plays an important role as a means of distributing electrical energy from generation to distribution and consumers. During the process of distributing electrical energy, disturbances such as short circuits often occur. Therefore, there needs to be safeguards so that the distribution process runs well. One of the safety equipment in the main substation is the circuit breaker. Circuit breaker is a mechanical switch or switching equipment that can close, transmit or disconnect the load current under normal conditions or under abnormal conditions such as a short circ
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