Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Fluidity of morality”

The major aim of present study has to explore gender fluidity in Jeet Thayil’s Narcopolis. The gender fluidity is postmodern term that shows the psychological, physical, and physiological changes in an individual with the passage of time. It challenges the traditional binary gender system that shows the mental and physical transformations in the individual in identity, desire, and selfperception. Set in the late 1970s Bombay, the novel Narcopolis represents the city of Mumbai as an urban landscape dominated by crime, drug trade, and the sex industry. The novel unfolds dark sides of the city of Mumbai and its chaotic environment in which the individual’s identity, gender, morality and religion are constantly changing with the passage of time. Moreover, the novel exposes societal and economic diversities on the basis of issues unemployment and illiteracy, child abuse and violence both in domestic and public workplaces. The novel has a multilayer narrative that captures the complexities of life in an evolving and morally ambiguous urban space.

This paper explores the ethical dilemmas within the capitalist framework depicted in Aravind Adiga’s novels, focusing on The White Tiger, Last Man in Tower, and Selection Day. It critically examines the tension between morality and materialism, analyzing how Adiga’s protagonists navigate corrupt socio-economic structures to achieve success. By drawing on neoliberal critiques, the research highlights the commodification of ethics in modern India and how financial incentives often override traditional moral considerations. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the study integrates literary criticism, economic theory, and moral philosophy to establish a new conceptual framework: “Ethical Fluidity under Capitalist Pressures.” This framework explores how individuals adjust their moral principles in response to economic incentives and systemic corruption. Additionally, the study introduces the concept of “Moral Debt” to demonstrate how accumulated ethical compromises shape future decision-making. By positioning Adiga’s works within broader discourses on capitalism, morality, and social justice, this paper offers fresh insights into the socio-economic conditions shaping individual ethics in contemporary Indian fiction. The analysis underscores how Adiga critiques neo-liberalism’s impact on personal integrity, revealing that morality within a capitalist system is often a negotiable commodity rather than an absolute principle. Ultimately, this research argues that Adiga’s narratives serve as cautionary tales, compelling readers to reconsider the ethical costs of economic ambition in an increasingly commodified world.

Bertolt Brecht&rsquo;s <em>The Good Person of Szechwan</em> critiques the hegemony of universal moral ideals, particularly the practicality of God&rsquo;s Ten Commandments in a corrupt and self-serving world. The binary opposition between Shen Te and her alter ego Shui Ta symbolises the clash between idealism and pragmatism. It exposes the limitations of absolute morality in complex societal structures. Shen Te&rsquo;s kindness and adherence to moral commandments reflect the rigidity of hegemonic ideologies, yet, her survival necessitates the emergence of Shui Ta, embodying the hybridity required to navigate societal power dynamics. Through the lens of contextualism and cultural relativism, the article explores how truth and morality are shaped by societal pressures and situational realities rather than being universal constructs. Shen Te&rsquo;s &ldquo;Othering&rdquo; as a good person within a corrupt society further illustrates the impracticality of rigid moral systems. At the same time, Shui Ta&rsquo;s practicality challenges these norms, enabling her to reclaim power and protect her innocence. Brecht subverts traditional moral ideals by portraying the gods as detached figures whose commandments fail to address real-world challenges, offering an ideological critique of divine expectations. The article argues that morality must be flexible and adaptive, shaped by cultural and structural contexts rather than imposed universally. By aligning the moral crises in the play with modern societal issues, this study invites readers to reconsider the relevance of divine commandments, emphasizing the fluidity of truth and ethics. Brecht&rsquo;s narrative ultimately asserts that survival in an ever-changing world requires the coexistence of ethical integrity and practical realism, urging a nuanced and situational approach to morality.

Censorship decisions on cinematic works in Egypt have been characterized by their inconsistency due to the intentional lack of definition of what would constitute a threat to politics, religion and morality. Such fluidity has forced filmmakers to practise self-censorship and deterred them from tackling Coptic problems for fear of igniting sectarianism, as censorship would claim. This article shows the role of public opinion during the period of political instability and aspiration for freedom after the 25 January 2011 Egyptian Revolution in facilitating the approval of the controversial script of Amr Salama’s Excuse My French (2014), which deals with the issue of discrimination against minority Copts in public schools, after five rejections by the censors.