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Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Reference tissue

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Reference tissue”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 2 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Reference tissue"

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Ong, Oselyne T. W., Lauren J. Young, and Julie M. Old. "Evaluation of reference genes for gene expression in red-tailed phascogale (Phascogale calura) liver, lung, small intestine and spleen." PeerJ 4 (October 13, 2016): e2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2552.

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BackgroundReference genes serve an important role as an endogenous control/standard for data normalisation in gene expression studies. Although reference genes have recently been suggested for marsupials, independent analysis of reference genes on different immune tissues is yet to be tested. Therefore, an assessment of reference genes is needed for the selection of stable, expressed genes across different marsupial tissues.MethodsThe study was conducted on red-tailed phascogales (Phascogale calura) using five juvenile and five adult males. The stability of five reference genes (glyceraldehyde

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Zheng, Yangyi, Yao Ma, Jianning Luo, et al. "Identification and Analysis of Reference and Tissue-Specific Genes in Bitter Gourd Based on Transcriptome Data." Horticulturae 9, no. 12 (2023): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9121262.

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Accurate and standardized quantification of reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) results relies on the use of a dependable reference gene. The precise control of transgene expression in terms of both spatial and temporal aspects necessitates the utilization of tissue-specific gene promoters. However, the identification of stable reference genes across various tissues, particularly in fruits at different ripening stages, as well as tissue-specific genes in bitter gourds, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we employed RNA-Seq-based transcriptome datasets obtained from nine tissues to comp

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Zuba, Iga, and Halina Polkowska-Motrenko. "Ratio primary reference measurement procedure (RPRMP) for the certification of chromium content in biological reference materials." Radiochimica Acta 107, no. 2 (2019): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-2993.

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Abstract Primary reference measurement procedure for Cr determination in biological samples by radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) has been elaborated. The procedure is based on quantitative and selective separation of chromium from neutron irradiated sample by column chromatography using MnO2-Resin and determination of 51Cr by γ-ray spectrometry. Quality components have been incorporated into the RNAA method which makes it possible to meet the requirements of the definition of ratio primary reference measurement procedure. The usefulness of the elaborated procedure to assign the

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Yaqub, Maqsood, Berckel Bart NM van, Alie Schuitemakers, et al. "Optimization of supervised cluster analysis for extracting reference tissue input curves in (R)-[(11)C]PK11195 brain PET studies." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 32, no. 8 (2012): 1600–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2012.59.

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Performance of two supervised cluster analysis (SVCA) algorithms for extracting reference tissue curves was evaluated to improve quantification of dynamic (R)-[(11)C]PK11195 brain positron emission tomography (PET) studies. Reference tissues were extracted from images using both a manually defined cerebellum and SVCA algorithms based on either four (SVCA4) or six (SVCA6) kinetic classes. Data from controls, mild cognitive impairment patients, and patients with Alzheimer's disease were analyzed using various kinetic models including plasma input, the simplified reference tissue model (RPM)

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Xue, Miaomiao, Haibo Wen, Pao Xu, et al. "Validation and Functional Analysis of Reference and Tissue-Specific Genes in Adipose Tissue of Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus grunniens, under Starvation and Hypothermia Stress." Cells 12, no. 9 (2023): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12091328.

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Adipose tissue is critical to the growth, development, and physiological health of animals. Reference genes play an essential role in normalizing the expression of mRNAs. Tissue-specific genes are preferred for their function and expression in specific tissues or cell types. Identification of these genes contributes to understanding the tissue–gene relationship and the etiology and discovery of new tissue-specific targets. Therefore, reference genes and tissue-specific genes in the adipose tissue of Aplodinotus grunniens were identified to explore their function under exogenous starvation (1 d

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Chen, Xiatian, Yujie Yu, Tao Gao, Zhifei Liu, Shuaiyu Chen, and Yudong Jia. "Determination of Stable Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis in Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) Under Hypoxia Stress." Genes 16, no. 1 (2024): 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16010009.

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Background: Hypoxia triggers stress, leading to significant alterations in gene expression patterns, which in turn affect fish’s growth and development. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a pivotal technique for assessing changes in gene expression. However, its accuracy is highly contingent upon the stable expression of reference genes. Ribosomal RNA (18s), β-actin (actb), elongation factor 1-α (ef1a), α tubulin (tuba), and ribosomal protein L17 (rpl17) are the widely used reference genes, but their expression stability in the tissues of black rockfish under hypoxic conditions remains un

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Okamoto, Kensaku, and Keiichiro Fuwa. "Mussel tissue powder, a certified reference material." Analyst 110, no. 7 (1985): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9851000785.

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Paredes, L., J. Azorín, M. Balcázar, and J. L. François. "Neutron kerma coefficient: Reference tissue for tumours." Radiation Measurements 45, no. 10 (2010): 1445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.05.024.

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Yaqub, Maqsood, Bart NM van Berckel, Alie Schuitemaker, et al. "Optimization of Supervised Cluster Analysis for Extracting Reference Tissue Input Curves in (R)-[11C]PK11195 Brain PET Studies." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 32, no. 8 (2012): 1600–1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2012.59.

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Performance of two supervised cluster analysis (SVCA) algorithms for extracting reference tissue curves was evaluated to improve quantification of dynamic (R)-[11C]PK11195 brain positron emission tomography (PET) studies. Reference tissues were extracted from images using both a manually defined cerebellum and SVCA algorithms based on either four (SVCA4) or six (SVCA6) kinetic classes. Data from controls, mild cognitive impairment patients, and patients with Alzheimer's disease were analyzed using various kinetic models including plasma input, the simplified reference tissue model (RPM) and RP

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Ma, Long, Ting Jiang, Xiangya Liu, Haijun Xiao, Yingchuan Peng, and Wanna Zhang. "Evaluation of candidate reference genes for gene expression analysis in the brassica leaf beetle, Phaedon brassicae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0251920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251920.

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The brassica leaf beetle Phaedon brassicae is a notorious defoliator of cruciferous vegetables. However, few molecular studies of this pest have been conducted due to limited sequence data. Recently, RNA sequencing has offered a powerful platform to generate numerous transcriptomic data, which require RT-qPCR to validate target gene expression. The selection of reliable reference genes to normalize RT-qPCR data is a prerequisite for gene expression analysis. In the present study, the expression stabilities of eight candidate reference genes under biotic conditions (development stages and vario

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Reference tissue"

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Tabe, R. H. "Biochemical studies in plant tissue culture with reference to hyperhydration." Thesis(M.Sc.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2000. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2128.

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Wood, Adrian J. "Subcellular analysis of normal and pathological gastrointestinal tissue with specific reference to peroxisomes." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386569.

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Bindon, Keren (Keren Ann). "Carbon partitioning in sugarcane internodal tissue with special reference to the insoluble fraction." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51642.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The changes in carbon allocation to sucrose, hexoses, fibre, starch and respiration were investigated in developing internodes of sugarcane. Radiolabelling studies were conducted on internode 3, 6 and 9 tissue, representing three stages of increasing maturity. It was apparent that a high rate of cycling between triose-phosphate and hexose-phosphate occurred. A maximum of 50% of carbon entering triose-phosphates was returned to hexose-phosphate in internode 3 tissue, and this flux decreased with tissue maturity to 30%.

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Hendre, R. R. "Molecular basis of differentiation in plant tissue culture with special reference to sugarcane." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1988. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3309.

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Jaggar, Sian Isobel. "Studies of inflammatory hyperalgesia with special reference to the viscera." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7989.

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Heuch, J. H. R. "The tissue culture and biology of bamboos with special reference to Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Munro." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305447.

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Bamboos are plants of economic importance that have flower rarely. The inability to obtain flowering material on a routine basis has hindered the scientific investigation of bamboo. Paucity of flowering and the resulting lack of seed has led to extreme difficulty in taxonomic work and large-scale propagation respectively. Tissue culture appears to offer potential methods to overcome the shortage of propagules. The micropropagation potential of bamboo seedling material was investigated. Both callus methods and <i>in vitro</i> cuttings of <i>Dendrocalamus hamiltonii</i> Munro were used. Although

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Wu, Qinyang. "Galanin and leu-enkephalin in the rat with special reference to adjuvant arthritis /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-977-3/.

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Rosdahl, Hans. "Microdialysis sampling from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue with special reference to the effects of insulin on tissue blood flow and glucose metabolism /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3050-3.

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Longmore, J. "Investigation of the pharmacology of autonomically innervated human tissue in situ with special reference to the effects of some novel antidepressant drugs." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377654.

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Kureshi, A. K. "Identifying the origins of collagen connective tissue growth and expansion with reference to inguinal herniation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19713/.

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The aim of this project was to understand the key mechanisms which control and initiate the process(es) by which collagen connective tissues extend, remodel and grow under the influence of external tensile loads. Inguinal herniation was used as a model of natural cell mediated bio-creep to investigate the mechanisms behind such a process since the transversalis fascia (TF); a thin collagen connective tissue undergoes dramatic extension during herniation. It was hypothesized that the TF expands due to a process of growth and remodelling rather than stretch or injury and repair. The relationship

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Książki na temat "Reference tissue"

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(Organization), UNOS. Organ and tissue donation: A reference guide for clergy. Mid-South Transplant Foundation [distributor], 1988.

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Newland, J. Robert. Oral hard tissue diseases: A reference manual for radiographic diagnosis. Lexi-Comp, 2003.

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Newland, J. Robert. Oral soft tissue diseases: A reference manual for diagnosis & management. 5th ed. Lexi-Comp, 2011.

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Newland, J. Robert. Oral hard tissue diseases: A reference manual for radiographic diagnosis. 2nd ed. Lexi-Comp, 2007.

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Robert, Newland J., ed. Oral soft tissue diseases: A reference manual for diagnosis & management. 3rd ed. Lexi-Comp, 2005.

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Robert, Newland J., ed. Oral soft tissue diseases: A reference manual for diagnosis & management. Lexi-Comp, 2001.

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Dirr, Michael A. The reference manual of woody plant propagation: From seed to tissue culture. Varsity Press, 1987.

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G, Davis Charles. Soft tissue index: Essential medical & crash studies : for trial & forensic witnesses : a quick reference to the findings from key medical and crash studies on the causation of soft tissue and related trauma-induced injuries. Litigation One Pub., 2003.

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Davis, Charles G. Soft tissue index: Essential medical & crash studies : for trial counsel & forensic witnesses : a quick reference to the findings from key medical and crash studies on the causation of soft tissue and related trauma-induced injuries. Litigation One, 2003.

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International, Academic Otological Conference (2nd 1984 Lövångers Kyrkstad Sweden). Middle ear with special reference to connective tissue and middle ear effusion: Proceedings of the 2nd International Academic Otological Conference, Lövångers Kyrkstad, August 22-24, 1984. Universitets Tryckeri, 1987.

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Części książek na temat "Reference tissue"

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Stief, T. "Tissue Factor." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3049.

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Stief, T. "Tissue-Plasminogenaktivator." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3054.

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Holdenrieder, S., and P. Stieber. "Tissue Polypeptide Antigen." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3052.

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Oganesyan, Artem, and Narine Sarvazyan. "Reference Search, Image and Data Analysis." In Tissue Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39698-5_1.

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Stief, T., and P. Kiefer. "Tissue factor pathway inhibitor." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3050.

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Holdenrieder, S., and P. Stieber. "Tissue Polypeptide Specific Antigen." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3053.

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Holdenrieder, S., and P. Stieber. "Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3051.

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Singh, Garima, and Bismita Nayak. "Processing of Tissue Specimen with Special Reference to Fatty Tissue." In Springer Protocols Handbooks. Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2425-8_37.

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Yancheva, Svetla, and Violeta Kondakova. "Plant Tissue Culture Technology: Present and Future Development." In Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54600-1_16.

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Yancheva, Svetla, and Violeta Kondakova. "Plant Tissue Culture Technology: Present and Future Development." In Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32004-5_16-1.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Reference tissue"

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Thrapp, Andrew D., Philipp Rauschendorfer, Lillian Wang, Farouc Jaffer, and Guillermo Tearney. "Improved intravascular fluorescence quantification using a reusable tissue mimicking phantom with conical lumen and an absorptive reference." In Light in Cardiology 2025, edited by Gijs van Soest, Christos Bourantas, and Irina V. Larina. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3048734.

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Muhammad, Alhassan, Abdul Rahman Azhar, Iskandar Shahrim Mustafa, and Abdul Aziz Mohd Zahri. "Impact of Maltose Additive on Improving the Radiation Sensitivity of HEMA Polymer Gel Dosimeter for Radiotherapy." In International Conference on X-Rays and Related Techniques in Research and Industry 2023. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xu3z3u.

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The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of maltose additive on the radiation sensitivity of the polymer gel dosimeter (PGD), made from a less toxic monomer, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA). The sensitivity of the PGD recipe made from HEMA as monomer, N,N’- Methylene-Bis-Acrylamide (BIS) as cross linker, Gelatin as gel matrix and Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) as antioxidant, was evaluated using UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis.) when irradiated with x-ray, using clinical linear accelerator (LINAC), within the dose range of 0–30 Gy. The baseline correction was perf

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Di Ninni, Paola, Fabrizio Martelli, and Giovanni Zaccanti. "Toward a reference standard for tissue phantoms." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Robert J. Nordstrom and Gerard L. Coté. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.874658.

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Kim, Kyungsang, Inki Hong, Young Don Son, Jong-Hoon Kim, and Quanzheng Li. "Residual Simplified Reference Tissue Model with Covariance Estimation." In 2020 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi45749.2020.9098583.

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Nguyen, Trong, Minh Do, and Michael L. Oelze. "Sensitivity Analysis of Reference-Free Quantitative Ultrasound Tissue Classification." In 2018 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2018.8579885.

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Dunkers, Joy P., Stefan D. Leigh, Marcus T. Cicerone, Forrest A. Landis, Francis W. Wang, and John A. Tesk. "NIST Development of Reference Material Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82012.

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In consultation with ASTM and other stakeholders in Tissue-Engineered Medical Products (TEMPs) industry, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) initiated a project designed to produce Reference Material scaffolds for tissue engineering. The rationale for Reference Material scaffolds was developed through several NIST/Industry workshops. In brief, Reference Material scaffolds have multiple uses: facilitating the development and the validation of new test methods that measure interactions among various components of a TEMP; comparison with other scaffolds and scaffold material

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Kim, Kyungsang, Young Don Son, Jong-Hoon Kim, and Quanzheng Li. "Parametric image estimation using Residual simplified reference tissue model." In The Fifteenth International Meeting on Fully Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, edited by Samuel Matej and Scott D. Metzler. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2534958.

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Liu, Z. P., W. Y. Gu, W. M. Lai, and V. C. Mow. "Analysis of One-Dimensional Confined Swelling of Charged-Hydrated Soft Tissues." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0289.

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Abstract Charged hydrated soft tissues such as articular cartilage and the intervertebral disc have a strong tendency to swell in a hypotonic bath because of the high fixed charge density (FCD) within the tissue [e.g., 1–4]. For an excised tissue without externally applied loads, the tissue volume will change in response to changes in a bathing solution (free swelling) until the osmotic pressure is balanced by the elastic stresses on the solid matrix. A mechanical stress is needed to prevent the tissue from swelling from a given reference state (e.g., 0.15M NaCl). This stress may be called the

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Di Ninni, Paola, Yves Bérubé-Lauzière, and Fabrizio Martelli. "Possible diffusive reference standards for tissue phantoms based on fat emulsions." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Robert J. Nordstrom and Gerard L. Coté. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.908621.

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van Niekerk, Douglas, Tomi Baikie, and Róisín Owens. "Redefining Reference Electrode Design Principles for Enhanced Sensitivity in Tissue Monitoring." In Bioelectronic Interfaces: Materials, Devices and Applications. FUNDACIO DE LA COMUNITAT VALENCIANA SCITO, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.cybioel.2024.054.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Reference tissue"

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Suriyaphol, Gunnaporn. Study the gene expression of E-cadherin, syndecan1, matrix metalloproteinases-2, -7, -9, -14 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -2 in canine oral melanoma. Chulalongkorn University, 2015. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2015.80.

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The objectives of this study were to 1.) select the suitable reference genes for quantitative real-time polymerse chain reaction in the most common canine oral cancers: oral melanoma (OM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 2.) study the gene expression of E-cadherin (CDH1), syndecan 1 (SDC1), matrix metalloproteinases-2, -7, -9, -14 (MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, MMP14) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -2 (TIMP1, TIMP2) in canine OM at the mRNA level and study the CDH1, SDC1 and Ki-67 protein expression by immunohistochemistry, and 3.) study the association of gene expression and th

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Liu, Zhen, Zhizhen Lv, Jiao Shi, et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Manipulative Therapy for Patients with Chronic Neck Pain. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0123.

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Review question / Objective: Manipulative therapy has been increasingly applied to alleviate those who suffer from chronic neck pain. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to determine the efficacy of manipulative therapy for chronic neck pain. P: Patients with Chronic Neck Pain. I: Manipulative therapy. C: Exercise, rehabilitation, or other physical therapy. O: Pain intensity and Neck disability. S: Randomized controlled trials. Condition being studied: Pain in the neck is a disagreeable sensory and emotional experience associated with the poten

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Lindsay, Denise, J. Mylroie, Kurt Gust, Elijah Cowan, and Richard Lance. Investigation of environmental messenger RNA (e-mRNA) for detection of genes sensitive to PFOS exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2025. https://doi.org/10.21079/11681/49841.

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Environmental RNA (eRNA) is gaining ground as an environmental monitoring and assessment tool. Whereas environmental DNA is mainly utilized for species detection, and sometimes population size estimation, eRNA potentially provides additional scales or classes of inference. eRNA’s comparatively more rapid signal decay rates provide narrower temporal windows for species presence, while detection of messenger RNAs or other cell regulatory RNAs in environmental samples could provide evidence of genomic responses to environmental stressors. We tested select environmental messenger RNAs (e-mRNAs) of

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Matthews, Lisa, Guanming Wu, Robin Haw, et al. Illuminating Dark Proteins using Reactome Pathways. Reactome, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3180/poster/20221027matthews.

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Diseases are often the consequence of proteins or protein complexes that are non-functional or that function improperly. An active area of research has focused on the identification of molecules that can interact with defective proteins and restore their function. While 22% percent of human proteins are estimated to be druggable, less than fifteen percent are targeted by FDA-approved drugs, and the vast majority of untargeted proteins are understudied or so-called "dark" proteins. Elucidation of the function of these dark proteins, particularly those in commonly drug-targeted protein families,

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Davis, Andy, Andrea Atkinson, Michael Feeley, et al. Coral reef ecosystem water temperature monitoring: Protocol narrative—version 1.2. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2308365.

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The Coral Reef Ecosystem Water Temperature Monitoring protocol is a guide for the deployment, maintenance, and data management of South Florida/Caribbean Network temperature loggers. These loggers are deployed at long-term benthic monitoring sites and help interpret coral health at these locations. The three primary objectives for this monitoring protocol include: 1) Determine occurrence and duration of warm- and cold-water events that exceed thresholds known to cause stress (e.g., coral bleaching) to coral species for the purpose of interpreting trends in coral community metrics; 2) Determine

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Miller, Gad, and Jeffrey F. Harper. Pollen fertility and the role of ROS and Ca signaling in heat stress tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598150.bard.

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The long-term goal of this research is to understand how pollen cope with stress, and identify genes that can be manipulated in crop plants to improve reproductive success during heat stress. The specific aims were to: 1) Compare heat stress dependent changes in gene expression between wild type pollen, and mutants in which pollen are heat sensitive (cngc16) or heat tolerant (apx2-1). 2) Compare cngc16 and apx2 mutants for differences in heat-stress triggered changes in ROS, cNMP, and Ca²⁺ transients. 3) Expand a mutant screen for pollen with increased or decreased thermo-tolerance. These aims

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