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Ibrahim, Sameh Awadalla El-Sayad. "The Role of Media Campaigns in Raising Awareness of Development Issues and Their Relationship to the Level of Anxiety in Adolescents". Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, n.º 2 (30 de abril de 2021): 332–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.27.
Resumo:
The study sought to determine the role of media campaigns in educating university youth about various developmental issues and their relationship to their level of anxiety. The study is descriptive. It relied on the survey method on a sample of 400 adolescents at Ain Shams University. The most important forms of benefiting from the follow-up of media campaigns related to development issues came to provide them with important information about development issues, give a sense of confidence in state institutions, increase the sense of responsibility towards society, follow up on current development issues, awareness and interest in them. The most important media campaigns presented on satellite channels related to development issues are health awareness campaigns (Coronavirus - C virus campaign - 100 million health campaign - breast cancer), slum development campaigns, solidarity and dignity campaign to support the needy, small and micro enterprises support campaign, payment campaigns, electronic, economic campaign (price reduction - price control), low-income support campaign (supply system - bread system), campaigns for the disabled and people with special needs. The positive aspects of media campaigns related to development issues came as follows: The presented development issues are new and consistent with the current needs of society, their goals are clear and specific, their design is innovative, they encourage positive change, they seek to meet the needs of the ordinary citizen, the celebrities involved in media campaigns, the serious development issues that It presents it through its messages, the technical methods used in presenting development issues.
2
Jaber, Mazen, e Kylie Jaber. "Cause-related marketing and the effect of 99-ending pricing". Journal of Consumer Marketing 37, n.º 3 (16 de janeiro de 2020): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-12-2018-2993.
Resumo:
Purpose Cause-related marketing (CRM) campaigns have become common features of the marketplace. CRM often involves a for-profit business agreeing to contribute a specified amount to a cause when the business’s customers engage in revenue-generating exchanges. Despite the central role that price is likely to play in a consumer’s decision to purchase or not to purchase an offer associated with a CRM campaign, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, very few have examined price framing effects in a CRM context. This paper aims to explore the effect of rightmost digits manipulation in prices on participation intentions for CRM campaigns. Design/methodology/approach In Study 1, 241 college students participated in an online experiment for class credit. The experiment used a 3 (price level: low, medium and high) × 2 (price ending: 99 ending and no ending) between-subjects design. The dependent variable was participation intention, and several moderators and mediators were considered. PROCESS was used to test the moderated mediation. In Study 2, 351 subjects participated in an online experiment with a design similar to the earlier study. In Study 2, however, new mediators were added and the moderated mediation was tested using SPSS PROCESS macro. Findings This research shows that price ending impacts the effectiveness of CRM as a tactic on consumers’ purchase intentions. Consistent with the authors’ prediction, this study shows that consumers exposed to a 99-ending CRM offer are more likely to participate in the offer compared to consumers exposed to a no-ending priced offer. Offer attractiveness, elaboration and corporate social responsibility were also shown to have a strong effect on participation intentions. Practical implications This research indicates that for moderately priced products, 99-ending prices led to an increased influence on consumer purchase intentions; on the other hand, no-ending/even-ending prices were more effective for high-priced products. Thus, the use of the right digit effect by managers in a CRM context as way of increasing consumers’ participation likelihood is likely to be more successful for moderately priced offers. Originality/value This research extends previous work on CRM and right digit effect in pricing. This study’s findings, in both Studies 1 and 2, demonstrate that the effectiveness of CRM campaigns on consumer choice is dependent on the offer price ending. Consumers exposed to the no-ending priced CRM offers tend to be affected less by CRM campaigns compared to consumers exposed to 99-ending offers, who perceive the offer as more attractive.
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Kučerová, Vladimíra, e Jaroslav Zeman. "Methodology for planning a successful store flyer campaign based on a case study from a Czech retail market". Oeconomia Copernicana 9, n.º 4 (31 de dezembro de 2018): 755–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2018.037.
Resumo:
Research background: An essential part of marketing practice in contemporary food retail is the store flyer campaign, in which goods are offered at discounted prices. Even if it is not a new innovation in the field of sales promotion, its popularity does not decrease, and what’s more, in many countries it is still one of the most successful forms of promotion and communication with customers.
Purpose of the article: This article brings an answer to the question of how to plan a successful store flyer campaign. The goal is to design the process of planning such campaign based on the knowledge of price elasticity of demand. The rate of success is represented by the level of fulfillment of goals set by the merchant.
Methods: The area of the research is the Czech retail food market . The knowledge of the price elasticity of demand is based on the analysis of real terms of prices, sales volumes and margins, and the typology of goals we want to achieve. The proposed method of planning determines the evaluation rules for products in terms of their suitability for inclusion in a store flyer. The calculated values of price elasticity of demand and their changes during the time phases of the campaign are used as a knowledge base for a planning of consumers’ responses to the store flyer. The principle of planning is demonstrated in a case study.
Findings & Value added: The practical output of the proposed process is the answer to the question of which goods should be included in the store flayer to achieve the goals set for the campaign. This study gives the method of identifying the groups of products which are suitable for inclusion in the store flyer and recommends the rules for the planning of the campaign.
4
Zhu, Yuqing, Jing Tang e Xueyan Tang. "Pricing influential nodes in online social networks". Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 13, n.º 10 (junho de 2020): 1614–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3401960.3401961.
Resumo:
Influential nodes with rich connections in online social networks (OSNs) are of great values to initiate marketing campaigns. However, the potential influence spread that can be generated by these influential nodes is hidden behind the structures of OSNs, which are often held by OSN providers and unavailable to advertisers for privacy concerns. A social advertising model known as influencer marketing is to have OSN providers offer and price candidate nodes for advertisers to purchase for seeding marketing campaigns. In this setting, a reasonable price profile for the candidate nodes should effectively reflect the expected influence gain they can bring in a marketing campaign. In this paper, we study the problem of pricing the influential nodes based on their expected influence spread to help advertisers select the initiators of marketing campaigns without the knowledge of OSN structures. We design a function characterizing the divergence between the price and the expected influence of the initiator sets. We formulate the problem to minimize the divergence and derive an optimal price profile. An advanced algorithm is developed to estimate the price profile with accuracy guarantees. Experiments with real OSN datasets show that our pricing algorithm can significantly outperform other baselines.
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Untinen, Kelly. "Price matrix heart of successful supply acquisition campaign". Natural Gas 12, n.º 3 (9 de janeiro de 2007): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.3410120306.
6
Bonneau, Chris W. "What Price Justice(s)? Understanding Campaign Spending in State Supreme Court Elections". State Politics & Policy Quarterly 5, n.º 2 (junho de 2005): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153244000500500201.
Resumo:
Among the least-researched American elections are those for seats on the states' supreme courts, arguably some of the most important political positions in the states. We know not only that campaign spending in these races has increased sharply in the past 20 years but also that there is great variation in spending among them. What factors cause campaign spending to vary among races for the states' highest courts? And what can an understanding of campaign spending in these races tell us about campaign spending for other offices? I use data from 281 state supreme court races in 21 states from 1990 to 2000 to answer these questions. I find that state supreme court campaign spending is driven by the characteristics of the race, institutional arrangements, and the electoral and state supreme court context.
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Yang, Lusi, Zhiyi Wang e Jungpil Hahn. "Scarcity Strategy in Crowdfunding: An Empirical Exploration of Reward Limits". Information Systems Research 31, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2020): 1107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2020.0934.
Resumo:
Scarcity-based marketing strategy has been prevalently implemented in reward-based crowdfunding in the form of reward limits, whereby campaign creators restrict the number of backers for each reward tier. This study uncovers the effect of reward limits on eventual and concurrent funding performance. Specifically, we performed campaign-level and campaign day–level analyses on a unique data set from a dominant crowdfunding platform. At the campaign level, we determined that setting reward limits at the beginning of a campaign is beneficial, with the number of limited reward tiers exerting an inverted-U-shaped relationship with campaign performance. Further exploration of different forms of reward limits suggests that the scarcity effects largely originate from limited edition and price discount rewards. At the campaign day level, we determined that incorporating new limited edition rewards is helpful for attracting new contributions, whereas depleted price discount rewards will demotivate subsequent contributions. In addition, the goal-directed mechanism in crowdfunding plays an influential role in shaping scarcity effects. Our findings highlight the importance of considering backer-as-consumer needs in crowdfunding campaign design and the dynamics of campaign attribute changes in the fundraising process. Our findings also provide important practical implications for platform operators, campaign creators, and marketers.
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Thompson, Erika Beseler, Frank Heley, Laura Oster-Aaland, Sherri Nordstrom Stastny e Elizabeth Crisp Crawford. "The Impact of a Student-Driven Social Marketing Campaign on College Student Alcohol-Related Beliefs and Behaviors". Social Marketing Quarterly 19, n.º 1 (3 de janeiro de 2013): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500412472668.
Resumo:
Researchers examined a student-driven campaign intended to reduce high-risk drinking at a Midwestern, public research university in the United States. The campaign was implemented as part of a comprehensive social marketing effort to address high-risk drinking. Efforts employed on campus addressed various aspects of the marketing mix, including product, price, place, and promotion through late-night alcohol-free activities, increased enforcement, a substance abuse mentoring program, and the student-driven promotional campaign. Outcome measures of the campaign evaluation included assessing the effectiveness of promotional materials in prompting student visits to the campaign website and assessing the impact on students’ reported drinking-related beliefs and behaviors. Following extensive formative research, student developers designed campaign promotional materials that incorporated socially relevant images and messages to enhance students’ confidence related to making simple, low-risk decisions about drinking. Evaluation included an anonymous survey sent to a stratified random sample of undergraduate students. Responses were gathered regarding student demographics, appeal of promotional materials, self-reported drinking patterns, and whether the campaign impacted students’ reflections on drinking or beliefs and behaviors concerning their own alcohol consumption. Study results indicate online and interactive promotional materials (i.e., Facebook page and campaign video) increased the likelihood of student visits to the website, and students exposed to the website reported increased confidence and use of techniques to reduce alcohol-related harm. Use of socially relevant messages and online or interactive campaign components appear to be promising when implementing campaigns to address college student high-risk drinking.
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Chandra, Deddy, e Petra Surya Mega Wijaya. "F aktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perhatian Konsumen terhadap Iklan di Internet". Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis 4, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2009): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/jrmb.2009.42.218.
Resumo:
Facebook is a social networking website that is operated and privately owned by Faceboolc, Inc. The website has cttrrently more than 350 million active users with second position populrity worldwide ofier Google. More than 50?5 of Facebook users access their account daib. The website is free to users andit generates revenuefrom advertising, such as banner adt. Today, Facebook advertisernents become a reasonable optionfor mt ny cottp(mies on a smoll to giant scale as an ffictive media for publishing their promotion campaign. Facebook advertisernents hmte many different variables, ways, audierrces, and rnethods to mix their promotion campaigns thsn conventional prornotions do. A company, that wants to do online promotion oa Facebaok, needs to lonw which variables there are that influerrces Facebook user's attention beforethey do the promotion campaign This research is aimed a learning the effects of product, price, messoges, design, and layout on qdvertisement attention on the Facebookwebsite. The sampling was takenfrom college students who had had Facebook accountfor, at leost, 3 months and accessed their occount minimum 3 times a week. The research result showed that generally, as a whole when using collective methods, all variables (product, price, messages, design, and layout)influenced advertisement attention on the Facebook website. In partial method, however, the result demonstroted that indivi&tally, product, and layout variables influenced the attention of the advertisements but price and design variables did not intluence advertisenents attention on the Facebook website.Kqruords: product, price, messages, desisrr, layout, Facebaok
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Houÿez, François. "High Price Medicines and Health Budgets: The Role Patients’ and Consumers’ Organisations Can Play". European Journal of Health Law 27, n.º 3 (18 de maio de 2020): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-bja10008.
Resumo:
Abstract Healthcare systems face challenges due to budget constraints, complex therapies, and new treatments for rare diseases. One of the most successful patient advocacy campaigns of all times was initiated by people living with HIV and AIDS in African countries. Facing industry giants, they won court cases allowing governments to ignore intellectual property rights when the price of a medicine was abnormally high. This led to the approval of the international ‘Agreement on Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights’, which contributed to improving the availability of AIDS treatments for millions of people. Beyond this successful patient advocacy campaign, patient organisations have an important role to play in national discussions on prices of treatments and pharmaceuticals, especially for rare diseases. This article first discusses the specificity of the pricing of orphan medicinal products, and then provides an overview of some of the important actions that can be carried out by patients’ organisations.
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Chasse, J. Dennis. "THE ECONOMISTS OF THE LOST CAUSE AND THE MONETARY EDUCATION OF JOHN R. COMMONS". Journal of the History of Economic Thought 36, n.º 2 (29 de abril de 2014): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837214000224.
Resumo:
Wild price swings following World War I motivated some economists and their allies to start a stable money campaign. John R. Commons joined this campaign, and the story of his participation opens a window into an historical learning episode in which the campaign, though it failed, sparked intellectual efforts and interacted with events in ways that changed beliefs about relations between central bank actions, on the one hand, and unemployment, inflation, and economic growth, on the other. The paper dwells on Commons’ role and on the long learning experience that led participants to conclusions they could not have anticipated when they embarked on their campaign.
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Denzau, Arthur T., e Michael C. Munger. "Legislators and Interest Groups: How Unorganized Interests Get Represented". American Political Science Review 80, n.º 1 (março de 1986): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1957085.
Resumo:
This paper derives a supply price for public policy using a constrained maximization model. In the model, three sets of agents each have preferences over outcomes: organized interest groups offer campaign contributions to improve their own wealth, voters offer votes to obtain outcomes closer to their most preferred outcomes, and legislators seek both campaign contributions and votes to obtain reelection. A given legislator's supply price for policy is shown to depend on the productivity of his effort, as determined by committee assignments, priority and ability, and by the preferences of his unorganized constituency in the home district. Two extreme assumptions about the effectiveness of campaign spending in eliciting votes are used to illustrate the comparative statics properties of the model. The prediction of the model is that interest groups will, in general, seek out legislators whose voters are indifferent to the policy the interest group seeks. Thus, voters who do have preferences over policy are in effect represented, even though they are not organized.
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Arifin, S. M. Niaz, Christoph Zimmer, Caroline Trotter, Anaïs Colombini, Fati Sidikou, F. Marc LaForce, Ted Cohen e Reza Yaesoubi. "Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Uses of Polyvalent Meningococcal Vaccines in Niger: An Agent-Based Transmission Modeling Study". Medical Decision Making 39, n.º 5 (julho de 2019): 553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x19859899.
Resumo:
Background. Despite the introduction of an effective serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MenAfriVac™), sporadic epidemics of other Neisseria meningitidis serogroups remain a concern in Africa. Polyvalent meningococcal conjugate (PMC) vaccines may offer alternatives to current strategies that rely on routine infant vaccination with MenAfriVac plus, in the event of an epidemic, district-specific reactive campaigns using polyvalent meningococcal polysaccharide (PMP) vaccines. Methods. We developed an agent-based transmission model of N. meningitidis in Niger to compare the health effects and costs of current vaccination practice and 3 alternatives. Each alternative replaces MenAfriVac in the infant vaccination series with PMC and either replaces PMP with PMC for reactive campaigns or implements a one-time catch up campaign with PMC for children and young adults. Results. Over a 28-year period, replacement of MenAfriVac with PMC in the infant immunization series and of PMP in reactive campaigns would avert 63% of expected cases (95% prediction interval 49%–75%) if elimination of serogroup A is not followed by serogroup replacement. At a PMC price of $4/dose, this would cost $1412 ($81–$3510) per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. If serogroup replacement occurs, the cost-effectiveness of this strategy improves to $662 (cost-saving, $2473) per DALY averted. Sensitivity analyses accounting for incomplete laboratory confirmation suggest that a catch-up PMC campaign would also meet standard cost-effectiveness thresholds. Limitations. The assumption that polyvalent vaccines offer similar protection against all serogroups is simplifying. Conclusions. The use of PMC vaccines to replace MenAfriVac in routine infant immunization and in district-specific reactive campaigns would have important health benefits and is likely to be cost-effective in Niger. An additional PMC catch-up campaign would also be cost-effective if we account for incomplete laboratory reporting.
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Ouattara, N’Banan, Clékaman Maïmouna Koné e Xueping Xiong. "Impact of COVID-19 on Cashew Price and Cashew Producers’ Income in Côte d’Ivoire: A Case Study in Five Departments". Journal of Agricultural Science 12, n.º 8 (15 de julho de 2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n8p117.
Resumo:
In Côte d’Ivoire, cashew has become an important cash crop. Nevertheless, Côte d’Ivoire’s cashew relies on the international market, with more than 90% of the production exported as raw nuts. The 2020 commercialization campaign started a few days after the outbreak of COVID-19 in China, which spread worldwide. This work assesses the impact of this pandemic on the cashew price and cashew producers’ income in Côte d’Ivoire. We used the cashew price database over ten weeks in five cashew production areas and an interview-guided to collect the data. We used the Producer Price Index (PPI), descriptive statistic, and theoretical analysis of the income forecasting for data analysis. Results reveal that the lack of funds resulting from the fear of investors has caused a gradual drop in prices since February. This decrease has been more severe when restriction measures have been enforced. The purchase of cashews even stopped in some localities of the study areas. Compared to the first week of the campaign, the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced cashew producer income hugely to 50% in the sixth week and to 37.5% in the ninth and tenth weeks of our observation. Nonetheless, institutional factors such as the lack of control have also contributed to prices decrease. As recommendations, in the short-run, some resilience strategies such as subsidizing the local cashew market should be set up by the authorities. In the mid-term, the country should strengthen the cashew commercialization chain. In long-run, the local cashew transformation should be prioritized instead of raw nuts commercialization.
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Gao, Fei. "Cause Marketing: Product Pricing, Design, and Distribution". Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 22, n.º 4 (julho de 2020): 775–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2019.0772.
Resumo:
Problem definition: In a cause marketing (CM) campaign, a firm donates part of its sales revenue to a charity for a social cause when customers purchase the cause-linked product. We study a firm’s pricing decisions with CM and the implications for the participating charity. We also consider the design and distribution of cause-linked products. Academic/practical relevance: CM has become popular in recent years. However, there is little analytical work on how a firm’s strategic actions (e.g., product pricing, design, and distribution) impact the effectiveness of a CM campaign. We address this gap. Methodology: Game theory. Results: First, it may be optimal for the firm to decrease the price after the implementation of CM despite the donation cost. Second, a higher level of firm–cause fit may lead to a smaller total donation amount to the charity in a CM campaign. Third, the choice to design a special version of the product for a CM campaign depends on the size of the prosocial segment in the market. Fourth, a decentralized supply chain may generate more social value through CM compared with the centralized case. Managerial implications: For firms, we show that it may not be optimal to increase the price of cause-linked products and identify conditions where firms should introduce a special product in a CM campaign. For charities, we show that a high firm–cause fit level may have a negative effect on the total donation amount and further identify conditions under which charities should collaborate with a downstream retailer or an upstream manufacturer in a CM campaign. Our results indicate that the correlation between customer preferences for the product and the social cause has a significant impact in a CM campaign for both firms and charities.
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Septiyanti, Anggi. "Political Marketing dalam Pemilihan Gubernur Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2018 (Studi Kasus Tim Pemenangan Herman Deru-Mawardi Yahya di Kota Palembang)". Ampera: A Research Journal on Politics and Islamic Civilization 1, n.º 1 (25 de janeiro de 2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/ampera.v1i1.5184.
Resumo:
The title of this research is "Political Marketing in Pilkada (Case Study: Victory of the Herman Deru-Mawardi Yahya Pair in the Election of the Governor of South Sumatra 2018 in the City of Palembang)". This study examines the phenomenon of political marketing as a strategy in a campaign. This paper elaborates and discusses how the political marketing process carried out by the successful team of the couple Herman Deru-Mawardi Yahya in Palembang City. The findings obtained from this study indicate that the political marketing process carried out by the success team of Herman Deru-Mawardi Yahya in Palembang City was very structured and managed to get the voice of the people of Palembang City. The political marketing process carried out by the success team of Herman Deru-Mawardi Yahya in the city of Palembang is first, showing the political products of this couple to the community such as spreading the vision and mission program of this couple to the entire Palembang City community. Secondly, to promote the people of Palembang City both through direct interaction and through print media, electronic media, and social media carried out directly by successful teams. Third, determine prices in the campaign, both in the campaign funding process and to build the price of the image of the couple. Fourth, the location of the campaign which was not only focused on one place but spread throughout the corner of the city of Palembang, because there was no major campaign in the city of Palembang.
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Rosilawati, Yeni, Chi-Ying Chen, Adhianty Nurjanah, Dianita Sugiyo e Shuhui Sophy Cheng. "Social Marketing Campaign in Tobacco Control (A Comparative Analysis of Indonesia and Taiwan)". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, T4 (28 de março de 2021): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5864.
Resumo:
BACKGROUND: Concern about the introduction of young adult smoking is increasing, perhaps because young adults have become a major tobacco marketing target. To solve this issue, both Bali and Taiwan have imposed local regulations on smoke-free areas. Concern about the legalization of young adult smoking is increasing, possibly because young adults have become a major marketing target for tobacco. Both Bali and Taiwan have placed local restrictions on smoke-free areas to solve this issue. AIM: This study will analyze the social marketing strategies used to impact young adults in Indonesia and Taiwan focusing specifically on aspects of the social marketing strategy, including channel analysis, market segmentation and consumer analysis, product, price, location and promotion considerations, as well as the implementation and evaluation. METHODS: This research employed a qualitative approach. Qualitative inquiry is a way of analysis by understanding the meaning of individuals or groups in social problems or human problems. The process comprises questions and procedures. Data collection was conducted by face-to-face interviews. The basic data for this paper came from face-to-face interviews with local government officials, local community leaders and members of the NGO community. RESULTS: The study found that 4P (Product, Price, Place, and Promotions) with the additional +2P (Partnership and Policy) elements of social marketing are employed by social marketing in Bali and Taiwan. The product refers to the principle of a safe life, in which it is easier to avoid than to cure. Price relates to the shift in behavior and the avoidance of early smokers, from smoking to stopping. The distribution networks used in Bali concentrate more on support for families and neighborhoods. CONCLUSION: The social marketing strategy using 4P (Product, Price, Place, and Promotion) and additional +2P (Partnership and Policy) elements is an effective model both in Taiwan and Bali. The commodity on the market is the concept of a safe life, where prevention is better than cure. The price is the shift in action, from smoking to stopping, and the prevention of early smoking. The two countries also include other parties, such as schools and community groups, to collaborate.
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Jones, G. L. "DAVID H. PRICE, Johannes Reuchlin and the Campaign to Destroy Jewish Books." Journal of Semitic Studies 58, n.º 2 (8 de julho de 2013): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgt018.
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Heberlig, Eric, Marc Hetherington e Bruce Larson. "The Price of Leadership: Campaign Money and the Polarization of Congressional Parties". Journal of Politics 68, n.º 4 (novembro de 2006): 992–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00485.x.
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Hou, Xiaohui, e Shuo Li. "The price of official-business collusion". China Finance Review International 10, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2019): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-07-2018-0114.
Resumo:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the anti-corruption campaign, “Hunting the Tigers,” incurs a significant short-term loss of shareholders’ returns. Design/methodology/approach A sophisticated event study approach is employed. Findings The results show that the “Hunting the Tigers” has incurred a significant short-term loss of investment returns for shareholders in China’s main stock market board. In addition, the beginning of a new assault on China’s official mogul corruption in another round of political anti-corruption cycle after the 18th National Congress of the CPC has reduced this price significantly. Originality/value This finding should be perceived as the price of the corruption of official-business collusion within capital markets in contemporary China.
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Safitri, Yuanita, e Mia Angeline. "SOCIAL MARKETING ASPECT IN ANTI-VIOLENCE AGAINTS WOMEN CAMPAIGN IN INDONESIA". INJECT (Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication) 4, n.º 1 (26 de julho de 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/inject.v4i1.93-114.
Resumo:
This article aims to answer how anti-violence against women campaigns and social marketing aspects are carried out by the four selected institutions or communities in 2016-2018 period. The four institutions chosen were UN Women, the Alliance of New Men, Indonesian OBR, and The National Commission on Violence Againts Women. The four institutions were chosen because they were considered as the most active institutions or communities in voicing the issue through online media. This research used descriptive qualitative approaches and case study methods. The result shows that the anti-violence against women campaign from four institutions is included in the social marketing concept and uses the marketing mix. Products sold are not like the commercial marketing, but the 16 Days Anti Violence Against Women event, and information to the target audiences. The price concept used is non-monetary incentives, and the distribution channels used are quite diverse, both online and offline.
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Sepriansyah, Muhamad, Yazwardi Yazwardi e Yulion Zalpa. "Strategi dan Marketing Politik Caleg Anwar Al Sadat Dalam Pileg 2019 Dapil Palembang II Sumsel". Ampera: A Research Journal on Politics and Islamic Civilization 2, n.º 2 (28 de abril de 2021): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/ampera.v2i2.7864.
Resumo:
The election of legislative candidates is a legitimate link between the people and the government in a democratic society. Political strategy is a political force that will occupy a power in the future, the strategy used is to use battle to win wars and aims to achieve peace.
The purpose of this study was to determine the strategy carried out by M. Anwar Al Syadat in the 2019 legislative elections in the Palembang II electoral district. This research is field research or "field research" which is carried out in the real world.
The results of field research show that the strategy carried out by M. Anwar Al Syadat in the 2019 legislative election uses a political marketing strategy, namely first, showing a political product which contains the vision and mission and excellent work programs of M. Anwar Al Syadat and the winning team. to be shown to the community in the 9 Districts where the campaign is. Second, this promotion is carried out by means of direct dialogue with the community and through social media such as Facebook and Instagram. Third, determine the price during the campaign, both in the campaign funding process and in building the image price of the legislative candidates. Fourth, the place for the campaign, which at that time was not only focused on 1 sub-district, but all sub-districts in the electoral district of Palembang II.
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Csink, Lóránt. "Does identity matter?" Bratislava Law Review 3, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2019): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2019.3.1.127.
Resumo:
During Brexit campaign leave supporters reckoned that their sovereignty is priceless. They meant that Britain’s status within or outside the European Union should not be decided upon economic reasons only. The campaign was successful and now the Kingdom is paying the price of her sovereignty. In Hungary in 2015 the government decided to ban shops to open on Sundays which was against the aspirations of both enterprises and consumers. The government found the measure so symbolic, so close to its identity that it did not respect any criticism. The government paid the political price of the unpopularity of the measure. Later on the government realised that the stake was too high and withdrew the piece of legislation. Such events clearly highlight that maintaining identity always has its price. Such price can be either economic or political. The question is if governments are ready to pay the price. It does not seem proper if mere economic and political expectations overrule symbolic issues. Neither it is acceptable if the government gives the nation’s entire fortune for symbolic reasons. It must always be considered how much identity costs and if it is worth paying the price. The question can be answered upon the identity test that has two factors: first how important the issue is (how close it is to identity) and if the price of identity is proportionate to the economic, political price. The more important the issue is the greater price can be paid. And conversely, the greater the economic or political price is, the more cautious one should be. The present article sums up the most basic information on constitutional identity and analyses the factors of the identity of the Hungarian constitution, the Basic Law, with special attention to the contemporary identity debate. It argues that constitutional identity is not a strict and non-changing phenomenon but rather the procedure of continuous development.
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Troise, Ciro. "Marketing Strategies in Equity Crowdfunding: A Comparative Study of Italian Platforms". International Journal of Marketing Studies 11, n.º 4 (29 de setembro de 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v11n4p16.
Resumo:
This paper explores equity crowdfunding platforms from a marketing perspective. The present exploratory study attempts to make a double contribution to the current literature on equity crowdfunding. Firstly, it analyzes the marketing strategies of the platforms by focusing on the well-known 4Ps marketing mix framework, i.e. product, price, promotion and placement. Each dimension presents three types of categories. Second, the study investigates the marketing strategies of both large platforms and small platforms, then the differences between these two types of platforms are examined in terms of campaigns’ outcomes, i.e. funding collected (in %), funding amount (in €) and number of investors. Platforms adopt a standardization strategy for pricing and placement, while a differentiation strategy is mainly adopted for promotion and products. Large platforms offer a wider range of services (in particular ongoing campaign services and post-campaign services) and promotional activities (in particular leverage many communication channels). The analyses disclose significant statistically differences between these two types of platforms. Projects posted on large platforms are more likely to get higher campaigns’ outcomes. In literature, little is known about marketing strategies in equity crowdfunding platforms, thus this study tries to fill this gap. The paper is the first to analyze the 4Ps of platforms and to conduct a comparative empirical study to determine the differences of campaigns’ outcomes between large and small platforms. The Italian context represents a significant case of developed country in theme of equity crowdfunding. The results are useful for platform managers, entrepreneurs, investors and authorities.
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Cates, Joan R., Autumn Shafer, Sandra J. Diehl e Allison M. Deal. "Evaluating a County-Sponsored Social Marketing Campaign to Increase Mothers' Initiation of HPV Vaccine for Their Preteen Daughters in a Primarily Rural Area". Social Marketing Quarterly 17, n.º 1 (25 de fevereiro de 2011): 4–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245004.2010.546943.
Resumo:
Routine vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV), the main cause of cervical cancer, is recommended for 11–12-year-old girls, yet vaccine uptake is low. This study evaluates a social marketing campaign initiated by 13 North Carolina counties to raise awareness among parents and reduce barriers to accessing the vaccine in a primarily rural area. The 3-month campaign targeted mothers of girls ages 11–12 and health care practices serving preteen girls in 4 counties. Principles of social marketing were product (recommended vaccine against HPV), price (cost, perception of safety and efficacy, and access), promotion (posters, brochures, website, news releases, doctor's recommendation), and place (doctors' offices, retail outlets). We analyzed website traffic, hotline calls, and media placement; cross-sectional surveys of mothers and providers; and HPV immunization rates in intervention versus nonintervention counties. Of respondent mothers ( n =225), 82% heard or saw campaign messages or materials. Of respondent providers ( n = 35), 94% used campaign brochures regularly or occasionally in conversations with parents. HPV vaccination rates within 6 months of campaign launch were 2% higher for 9–13-year-old girls in 2 of the 4 intervention counties compared to 96 nonintervention counties. This evaluation supports campaign use in other primarily rural and underserved areas.
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BONFIL, ROBERT. "Johannes Reuchlin and the Campaign to Destroy Jewish Books - By David H. Price". Renaissance Studies 26, n.º 5 (4 de outubro de 2012): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-4658.2012.00800.x.
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Rummel, E. "Johannes Reuchlin and the Campaign to Destroy Jewish Books. By DAVID H. PRICE." Journal of Theological Studies 62, n.º 2 (8 de agosto de 2011): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jts/flr098.
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Kaplan, Debra. "Johannes Reuchlin and the Campaign to Destroy Jewish Books. By David H. Price." Jewish History 27, n.º 1 (março de 2013): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10835-012-9175-1.
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Jagau, Henrik Luis, e Jana Vyrastekova. "Behavioral approach to food waste: an experiment". British Food Journal 119, n.º 4 (3 de abril de 2017): 882–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-05-2016-0213.
Resumo:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of behavioral interventions and nudging in dealing with the food waste problem. In particular, the authors implement an information campaign aiming to increase consumers’ awareness of the food waste problem. Design/methodology/approach In the period of three weeks, the authors observe intentions to prevent food waste and actual food waste of the consumers in a university restaurant serving ready meals. During the intervention period, consumers are exposed to an information campaign, designed to avoid consumers’ insufficient planning problem. Findings Consumers are willing to pay the same price for less food more often during the campaign than before the campaign, but the approximated impact on the food waste is not significant. Social emotions of guilt and shame are linked to consumers’ intentions to prevent food waste, suggesting channels to be included in a successful information campaign nudging consumers toward food waste reduction. Research limitations/implications The authors were not able to measure precisely food waste, but observed consumers in a real-life context. Consumers were not aware of the study, and made daily purchase decisions before and after the information campaign. Social implications Consumer behavior is at the core of the food waste problem in developed countries. It is important to understand how consumers can be nudged at low cost, using an information campaign, to change their attitude to food waste, and to decrease food waste. Originality/value The authors collected an original dataset on the impact of an information campaign, observing behavior of consumers in a real-life context.
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Damiri, Devi Melisa. "Analisis Persaingan Tarif antara Telkomsel dan Indosat di Industri Telekomunikasi". Journal of Secretary and Business Administration 1, n.º 1 (26 de outubro de 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31104/jsab.v1i1.4.
Resumo:
Established Law No. 5 of 1999 on the prohibition of monopolistic practices and unfair business competition can not be separated from IMF pressure on the Indonesian government on the government to combat monopolistic practices and unfair business competition that occurred in Indonesia by immediately enacting the legislation. The purpose of this study is analyzing the telecommunications industry price war that occurs between the Telkomsel operator and Indosat Ooredoo against unfair competition. The method used in this research is descriptive method of analysis. Data used are secondary data. Results of analysis showed that Indosat Ooredoo trying to overthrow the corporate image Telkomsel in their campaign fare Rp. 1,0 and Telkomsel operator also negotiate interconnection prices unfair to Indosat Ooredoo.
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Wright, John. "Campaign Contributions and Congressional Voting on Tobacco Policy, 1980–2000". Business and Politics 6, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2004): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1066.
Resumo:
This paper analyzes congressional voting on tobacco issues over two decades. Contrary to existing claims, the analysis shows that the tobacco industry's legislative success is more a function of representatives' regulatory and pro-business ideologies than of tobacco PAC money or a geographically-based tobacco voting bloc. In most cases, the tobacco voting bloc—representatives and senators from major tobacco producing districts and states—is not strong enough to protect and sustain the tobacco price support system, let alone affect the outcome of commercial issues such as cigarette taxes and regulation. The industry's campaign contributions also have sporadic and limited impact on commercial issues affecting tobacco. Only on agricultural issues do tobacco PAC contributions exhibit any influence.
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Whaley, Joachim. "Book Review: David H. Price: Johannes Reuchlin and the Campaign to Destroy Jewish Books". Journal of European Studies 42, n.º 1 (27 de fevereiro de 2012): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244111428848p.
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Hu, Juncheng, Xiaorong Li, Keith Duncan e Jia Xu. "Corporate relationship spending and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China's anti-corruption campaign". Journal of Banking & Finance 113 (abril de 2020): 105758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2020.105758.
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Krzysiak, Zbigniew. "Profitability of Sugar Beet Crop in 2018/2019 Campaign on the Example of Lubelskie Province". Agricultural Engineering 24, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2020): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2020-0025.
Resumo:
Abstract The work presents a complex analysis and cost accounting of beet sugar cultivation in 2018/2019 campaign for individual farms of Lublin region. The economic results obtained by producers are mainly affected by indirect costs accounting for 60.11% of the revenue from the total production. Within this group of costs, the major components are sowing service, harvest and soil liming operations reaching 39.38%. Sugar beet production in the analyzed campaign was profitable, with the profitability index of 1.24 and unit production cost 14.33 PLN∙dt−1 is considered one of the profit-making activities in agricultural production, yet it is characterized by a high production cost that gobbled up to 80.39% of the total revenue in the analyzed 2018/19 campaign. The main factor influencing the income from sugar beet cultivation was the price for the raw material, which in the considered business year in relation to the previous season increased by only 0.77 PLN∙t−1.
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JIANG, YUANCHUN, e YEZHENG LIU. "OPTIMIZATION OF ONLINE PROMOTION: A PROFIT-MAXIMIZING MODEL INTEGRATING PRICE DISCOUNT AND PRODUCT RECOMMENDATION". International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 11, n.º 05 (setembro de 2012): 961–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622012500289.
Resumo:
Price promotion and product recommendation are important tactics to gain market share in the e-commerce context. To increase sales and enhance promotion profits, practitioners often recommend non-discounted products in the promotional campaign for a product. However, no analytical model is hitherto available to jointly optimize the price discount for the promoted product and the product portfolio to recommend. This paper provides a probability model to complete the task. The proposed model motivates customers through an attractive price discount for the promoted product, while simultaneously encouraging customers to purchase the non-discounted products through the recommendation system. The numerical studies show that the proposed method attains higher profits than do conventional methods. Finally, we offer managerial insights and provide useful guidelines to help e-tailers to make the most profitable online promotional decisions.
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Cha, Myung Soo. "Imperial Policy or World Price Shocks? Explaining Interwar Korean Consumption Trend". Journal of Economic History 58, n.º 3 (setembro de 1998): 731–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700021148.
Resumo:
Japan vigorously enforced wide-ranging developmental policies in colonial Korea, including a “green revolution” and an industrialization drive. Why did then colonial per capita food availability decline? Simulations using a dynamic general equilibrium model indicate that tax raises, which financed expanding public investment, did not lower, but raised consumption levels over time by accelerating accumulation. Food consumption fell because these policy efforts were inadequate to defeat population explosion initiated by a health campaign. The interwar agricultural depression exacerbated this Malthusian situation. Nevertheless, interwar Korean consumption trend compares favorably with most other rice producers, where the level of government intervention appeared suboptimal.
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Duarte, Adriano Luiz. "The Right to the City in Two Moments: The Bus and Tram Riots in São Paulo City in 1947 and 2013". Historical Materialism 24, n.º 3 (27 de setembro de 2016): 147–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341486.
Resumo:
At the beginning of 1947 the first elections in fourteen years were held for state governors. Adhemar de Barros, elected in São Paulo with large support from the communists, was an old ally of Vargas who ran his own political party, the Progressive Social Party (psp), and began to compete with Vargas himself for the working-class vote. His campaign for the Government of the State of São Paulo had been based on lowering the high cost of living. He promised strict price controls on basic necessities and an intensive campaign against price rises. Therefore, when the Mayor of São Paulo announced a rise in transport fares a few months after the election of Adhemar, the hostile reaction spread through the city like wildfire. Rapid growth and the disregard of public authorities contributed to a chaotic and profoundly unequal urban landscape, where the most visible problem was the public transport system. The aim of this article is to understand the popular reaction to the rise in bus and tram fares which led to the largest urban riots in the history of the city, at that time already the largest industrial metropolis in Latin America.
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Bang, Hyejin, Dongwon Choi, Sukki Yoon, Tae Hyun Baek e Yeonshin Kim. "Message assertiveness and price discount in prosocial advertising: differences between Americans and Koreans". European Journal of Marketing 55, n.º 6 (11 de fevereiro de 2021): 1780–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-10-2019-0791.
Resumo:
Purpose Prosocial advertisers widely use assertive messages to encourage prosocial attitudes and behaviors, but ironically, assertive messages may cause reactance. By applying cultural theories and the reciprocity principle, this study aims to observe whether consumers’ responses to assertive messages hold across culturally different audiences (Americans vs South Koreans) and different consumption situations (price discount vs no discount). Design/methodology/approach American and Korean participants take part in three experimental studies examining the interactions of nationality, price discounts and assertive messaging for influencing consumer responses, first to a prosocial ad encouraging recycling (Study 1), the second for a campaign requesting donations for disadvantaged children (Study 2) and the third to prosocial messages encouraging water conservation (Study 3). Findings The three experiments strongly support the moderating role of price discounts and cultural backgrounds in the persuasiveness of assertive prosocial messages. American consumers generally dislike assertive messages, but feel reciprocal obligations if marketers include price discounts, whereas South Korean consumers accept both assertive and nonassertive messages without resistance, and discounts have no effects on persuasion. Research limitations/implications The findings make two key contributions to the literature and to prosocial advertising practices. First, although many corporations have adopted philanthropic strategies, few researchers have examined how specific consumption contexts determine the effectiveness of prosocial persuasion. The findings show how price discounts and message framing potentially alter the effectiveness of prosocial messages across Eastern and Western cultures. Second, assertive language evokes reactance, but the findings suggest that reactive responses to prosocial advertising are culture-specific. Practical implications International nonprofit organizations and brands using philanthropic strategies might use the guidelines of this study for tailoring strategic, practical prosocial messages that will appeal to consumers from diverse cultural backgrounds. In particular, pro-environmental and charity campaigns targeting North American or Western European populations may consider bundling discounts into promotions to evoke reciprocity. Originality/value Findings provide novel implications for social marketers regarding on how to couple message assertiveness and price discounts to maximize the success of prosocial messages in different cultures.
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Wickramasinghe, Nira. "Sri Lanka in 2008: Waging War for Peace". Asian Survey 49, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2009): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2009.49.1.59.
Resumo:
The year 2008 saw a successful military campaign by government security forces against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in the North. Elections to the Eastern Province resulted in a break away faction of the LTTE sharing power with the government. People continued to endure high inflation in the price of essential goods and services, and the country's human rights record remained dismal.
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Lambe, Fiona, Oliver Johnson, Caroline Ochieng, Lillian Diaz e Koheun Lee. "What’s health got to do with it?" Journal of Social Marketing 9, n.º 1 (7 de janeiro de 2019): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-03-2018-0027.
Resumo:
Purpose Clean cookstoves have emerged over the past half century as an important technological innovation to reduce indoor air pollution from cooking with traditional fuels. However, widespread adoption remains elusive, suggesting the need for other measures to accompany dissemination of clean cookstoves. Despite knowledge about health impacts of cookstove smoke and a body of evidence pointing to the efficacy of health education for supporting behaviour change, health messaging is relatively unexplored in the cookstove sector. This paper aims to present findings from action research in Cambodia that investigates how social innovation around positive and negative health messaging influences demand for clean biomass cookstoves. Design/methodology/approach An action research approach was taken, involving the design and implementation of a health marketing campaign alongside promotion of a clean burning biomass cookstove. Four communes were assigned as intervention communes and a fifth as the control group. Among the four intervention communes, two were provided with positive health messaging and the other two with negative health messaging. The methods included a baseline study of 381 households using structured surveys, roll-out of the health campaign, in-depth interviews with households and sales agents, ten focus group discussions with households and an endline structured survey of all 381 households. Findings Neither the type (positive/negative) nor the intensity of the health campaigns had a significant impact on stove sales. Sales results show no pattern in either variable, and sales in the control commune were not lower than in communes where health campaigns were used. However, health messaging did increase awareness about health impacts of cooking with traditional biomass burning stoves. For almost all communes, in particular those that received positive-tone messages, an increased awareness of the health impact of cooking with traditional biomass burning stoves was observed. Cookstove price and personal characteristics of individual sales agents were shown to be the strongest factors affecting sales. Research limitations/implications The study relied on sales agents to deliver pre-assigned health messages. However, some sales agents did not follow instructions in delivering the messages, which made it difficult to compare the efficacy of the different campaign approaches. Due to a delay in the study, the campaign overlapped with the planting season when disposable incomes of famers is typically limited, reducing their ability to purchase a new cookstove. The 10-week duration of the campaign may not have been long enough to see an impact on sales, particularly for a product viewed as expensive for the average consumer. Practical implications The skill and motivation of individual sales agents can greatly affect cookstove marketing campaigns. The efficacy of individual sales agents appears to have been the strongest factor affecting sales, with the most successful sales agent using a combination of messages, including health information, to convince households to purchase the stoves. This warrants further study; designers of stove promotion campaigns might be able to learn from the behaviour and strategies of highly effective sales agents. Price continues to be an important factor influencing the adoption of clean cookstoves. In Cambodia, the main drivers of cookstove purchase (beside the sales agent) were availability of disposable income, time and fuel saved. Social implications Health messaging was shown to have minimal effect on cookstove purchase. Indeed, it is clear that cookstove adoption is influenced by multiple factors linked in complex ways. This is a very important finding for public health workers, who need to think more broadly about how they achieve the public health goals associated with cleaner cooking through approaches that do not necessarily focus on individual health goals. Originality/value Although health messaging has shown promise as an approach for supporting behaviour change in other sectors, it has not been widely studies in the context of clean cookstove adoption. This paper contributes to filling this gap and suggests some lines of enquiry for future research. The study pioneered innovative methods such as action research, use of graphic images and using established local sales agents as means of communicating messages about the health risks of cooking smoke and the benefits of improved cookstoves.
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Rouhana, Nadim N. "““Jewish and Democratic””? The Price of a National Self-Deception". Journal of Palestine Studies 35, n.º 2 (1 de janeiro de 2006): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2006.35.2.64.
Resumo:
The current academic and legal campaign to constitutionalize Israel as a state that is both ““Jewish and democratic”” amounts to an act of national self-deception, rooted in the collective inability or unwillingness to accept that discriminatory policies toward the non-Jewish minority contradict democratic processes, on the part of that country's Jewish majority. The author addresses the recent efforts to create an Israeli constitution by the consent of the Jewish majority that would legitimatize the denial of equal citizenship rights for non-Jewish citizens. Because Israeli Jews have constructed opposition to the ““Jewish and democratic”” model as ““extremism,”” Palestinian citizens of Israel are forced to limit their resistance to passive rejection of the concept, refusing to acquiesce in their own subordination and denying moral legitimacy to the system that discriminates against them.
42
Couture Gagnon, Alexandre, e Filip Palda. "The price of transparency: do campaign finance disclosure laws discourage political participation by citizens’ groups?" Public Choice 146, n.º 3-4 (4 de fevereiro de 2010): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-010-9594-9.
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Johnston, R. J. "The price of admission: An illustrated Atlas of campaign spending in the 1988 congressional elections". Political Geography 11, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1992): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-6298(92)90024-n.
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Levit, Tatiana, Magdalena Cismaru e Alexis Zederayko. "Application of the Transtheoretical Model and Social Marketing to Antidepression Campaign Websites". Social Marketing Quarterly 22, n.º 1 (15 de dezembro de 2015): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500415620138.
Resumo:
Antidepression social marketing (SM) campaigns are often accompanied by comprehensive websites to engage and help people with mental health problems; however, the use of theory is not always apparent. The transtheoretical model (TTM) involves five stages of change through which a person transitions to a healthier life. This paper combines TTM and the fundamental principles of SM, such as consumer orientation, targeting, and value creation and exchange through 4Ps (product, place, promotion, and price), and applies them to mental e-health. We create a set of detailed criteria to guide the development of antidepression websites. These criteria are further used to analyze the online content of five antidepression campaigns and to demonstrate the relevance of TTM and SM to online delivery of the information and self-help interventions in the context of depression.
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Ross, Hana, Leelmanee Moussa, Tom Harris e Rajive Ajodhea. "The heterogeneous impact of a successful tobacco control campaign: a case study of Mauritius". Tobacco Control 27, n.º 1 (15 de março de 2017): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053412.
Resumo:
BackgroundMauritius has one of the highest smoking prevalences in Africa, contributing to its high burden of non-communicable diseases. Mauritius implemented a series of tobacco control measures from 2009 to 2012, including tobacco tax increases. There is evidence that these policies reduced tobacco consumption, but it is not clear what impact they had across different socioeconomic groups.MethodThe impact of tobacco control measures on different income groups was analysed by contrasting household tobacco expenditures reported in 2006–2007 and 2012 household expenditure surveys. We employed the seemingly unrelated regression model to assess the impact of tobacco use on other household expenditures and calculated Gini coefficients to assess tobacco expenditure inequality.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2012, excise taxes and retail cigarette prices increased by 40.6% and 15.3% in real terms, respectively. These increases were accompanied by numerous non-price tobacco control measures. The share of tobacco-consuming households declined from 35.7% to 29.3%, with the largest relative drop among low-income households. The Gini coefficient of household tobacco expenditures increased by 10.4% due to decreased spending by low-income households. Low-income households demonstrated the largest fall in their tobacco budget shares, and the impact of tobacco consumption on poverty decreased by 26.2%. Households that continued purchasing tobacco reduced their expenditures on transportation, communication, health, and education.ConclusionsThese results suggest that tobacco control policies, including sizeable tax increases, were progressive in their impact. We conclude that tobacco use increases poverty and inequality, but stronger tobacco control policies can mitigate the impact of tobacco use on impoverishment.
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Bruce, Norris I. "Effective Display Advertising: Improving Engagement with Suitable Creative Formats". GfK Marketing Intelligence Review 9, n.º 1 (1 de maio de 2017): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gfkmir-2017-0009.
Resumo:
Abstract Online advertisers have the non-trivial job of jointly assessing the effects of banner ad design elements available in a large number of such formats. Our research found that animated formats are superior to static formats in most settings. It confirms that they can improve engagement, since they can generate higher recall, attract user attention, and create favorability for the advertised brand. Yet, static formats can still be effective when it comes to price ads and re-targeting. Most interestingly, we found that re-targeted ads are effective only if they offer price incentives. Another interesting finding is that the tactic of serving blanks – for instance, for page views from foreign countries – can distort simple measures of campaign effectiveness, such as click-through rates.
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Jia, Susan (Sixue). "Local Food Campaign in a Globalization Context: A Systematic Review". Sustainability 13, n.º 13 (5 de julho de 2021): 7487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137487.
Resumo:
As a basic commodity, food has undergone thorough globalization, with the global food market totaling 1392 billion USD in 2019. Despite such a great amount of global food trade, the idea of favouring the consumption of local food, or local food campaigns, has won ever growing attention and advocacy in recent years as an effort to enhance social and environmental sustainability. This systematic review study draws wisdom from the extant literature and provides critical thinking on how local food differs from non-local food and whether the two are more antagonistic or more complementary. Results suggest that although the term “local food” has hardly been clearly defined, it is possible to accommodate different opinions in a set of common constructs in Eriksen’s “three domains of proximity”. Regarding the strengths of local food, researchers agree more on its strong personal connection, distinctive culture, and high quality, but less on its supporting local economy, reduced energy consumption, and environmental friendliness. Meanwhile, local food has its current weaknesses in terms of higher price and unsuccessful information communication; however, these are not without solutions. Overall, while food localization and globalization differ in purpose, they can well co-exist, promote collaboration rather than confrontation, and together accelerate the sustainable growth of the food market.
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Laird, Yvonne, Fiona Myers, Garth Reid e John McAteer. "Tobacco Control Policy in Scotland: A Qualitative Study of Expert Views on Successes, Challenges and Future Actions". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n.º 15 (25 de julho de 2019): 2659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152659.
Resumo:
The Scottish Government launched a tobacco control strategy in 2013 with the ambition of making Scotland tobacco smoke-free by 2034. However, 17% of the adult population in Scotland smoke cigarettes. This study aimed to provide insight into why policies are successful or not and provide suggestions for future policy actions. Individual interviews with ten tobacco control experts were conducted and the results were analyzed using thematic analysis. Key successes included strong political leadership, mass media campaigns, legislation to address availability and marketing of cigarettes and tobacco products, and legislation to reduce second-hand smoke exposure. Challenges included implementing policy actions, monitoring and evaluation of tobacco control actions, addressing health inequalities in smoking prevalence, and external factors that influenced the success of policy actions. Key suggestions put forward for future policy actions included addressing the price and availability of tobacco products, maintaining strong political leadership on tobacco control, building on the success of the ‘Take it Right Outside’ mass media campaign with further mass media campaigns to tackle other aspects of tobacco control, and developing and testing methods of addressing inequalities in cigarette smoking prevalence. The findings of this study can inform future tobacco control policy in Scotland and have relevance for tobacco control policies in other countries.
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McCarty, Nolan, e Lawrence S. Rothenberg. "The Time to Give: PAC Motivations and Electoral Timing". Political Analysis 8, n.º 3 (23 de março de 2000): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pan.a029815.
Resumo:
There has been much discussion about how members of Congress desire money early in the campaign season. However, theoretical models of how contributions are allocated during the electoral cycle have been lacking. Our analysis attempts to remedy this gap by providing and testing a model which specifies how the process of bargaining between members of Congress and organized interests produces the pattern of donations observed over the course of the electoral cycle. Most notably, our results suggest that strategic incumbents can receive money early in the campaign if they desire but that they are generally unwilling to pay the price of lower aggregate fundraising and greater provision of access. These findings buttress earlier empirical findings that question the instrumental value of early money. In addition, our results highlight that contribution choices are fundamentally influenced by short-term factors, especially electoral conditions, that do not lend themselves to the routinized behavior necessary for contributors to invest in incumbents for long-run payoffs.
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Arianto, Arianto. "Political Transtactions and Expenxive Costs on Regional Head Election". Journal of Local Government Issues 1, n.º 2 (30 de novembro de 2018): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/logos.vol1.no2.226-243.
Resumo:
Once the proliferation of regional head elections in Indonesia recently shows that our society many are interested to become a head of the region because there is recognition of its existence within the community so that competing both from the bureaucrats and from the private or legislative.The political costs incurred are not written so it is very difficult to identify how much each party pegs the price is not the same depending on the number of seats in the legislature or the amount of support available in the region or the networks that belong to the village will be different from the new party. Likewise, if through an independent channel, so much money must be spent to get administrative support from the community as from certain groups or individual, not to mention the cost of campaigns that must be issued by the candidate pair, almost not comparable if calculated by the salary of a regional head with the cost incurred, but it is still many who are interested to become a governor or mayor.Various studies conducted by many experts show, even though democracy is something that deserves to have aspired, it turns out that democracy produces many problems, even new problems that would not exist if not practiced democracy. Legislation has not regulated and limited the expenditures of candidates before and after the campaign, how much money is spent before and after the campaign, so it cannot be supervised. Supervision conducted by Banwaslu, PPATK and law enforcement officers is still not effective because there are still many gaps that can be done by a regional head in different ways and tactics.Key Words: Money Politics, Democracy, Political Monitoring.