Livros: "Expert citizen"

1

Lui, Joyce. The use of local knowledge and expert opinion in resource planning. [British Columbia]: The Section, 1995.

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2

Ottinger, Gwen, e Benjamin R. Cohen. Technoscience and environmental justice: Expert cultures in a grassroots movement. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2011.

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3

Shulman, Seth. Cooler smarter: Practical steps for low-carbon living : expert advice from the Union of Concerned Scientists. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

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4

Expert Meeting on Social Capacity for Environmental Management (2nd 2004 Renmin University of China). The Second Expert Meeting on Social Capacity for Environmental Management (SCEM): Capacity indicators and development process modeling : selected proceedings. Hiroshima, Japan: Hiroshima International Center for Environmental Cooperation, Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, 2005.

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5

Shulman, Seth. Cooler smarter: Practical steps for low-carbon living : expert advice from the Union of Concerned Scientists. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.

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6

Balogh, Brian. Chain reaction: Expert debate and public participation in American commercial nuclear power, 1945-1975. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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7

Expert, Group Meeting (2005 Mombasa Kenya). Gender mainstreaming in water and sanitation in Africa: Report of the Expert Group Meeting held in Mombasa Kenya, 13-17 June 2005. Nairobi: UN-HABITAT, 2005.

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8

Ho, Kong Chong. Neighbourhoods for the City in Pacific Asia. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462983885.

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The largest cities in Pacific Asia are the engines of their countries’ economic growth, seats of national and regional political power, and repositories of the nation’s culture and heritage. The economic changes impacting large cities interact with political forces along with social cultural concerns, and in the process also impact the neighbourhoods of the city. Neighbourhoods for the City in Pacific Asia looks at local collective action and city government responses and its impact on the neighbourhood and the city. A multi-sited comparative approach is taken in studying local action in five important cities (Bangkok, Hong Kong, Seoul, Singapore and Taipei) in Pacific Asia. With site selection in these five cities guided by local experts, neighbourhood issues associated with the fieldsites are explored through interviews with a variety of stakeholders involved in neighourhood building and change. The book enables comparisons across a number of key issues confronting the city: heritage (Bangkok and Taipei), local community involved provisioning of amenities (Seoul and Singapore), placemaking versus place marketing (Bangkok and Hong Kong). Cities are becoming increasingly important as centers for politics, citizen engagement and governance. The collaborative efforts city governments establish with local communities become an important way to address the liveability of cities.

9

McLeod, Mike. Ethnic trade and the inner cities, West Indian business links with the Caribbean. Coventry: Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick, 1990.

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10

Expert Group Meeting on Assessing Regional Development Planning in the Management of Urbanization (1997 Nairobi, Kenya). Report of the Expert Group Meeting on Assessing Regional Development Planning in the Management of Urbanization. Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1997.

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11

Lindio-McGovern, Ligaya. Globalization, labor export and resistance: A study of Filipino migrant domestic workers in global cities. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2011.

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12

Expert Group Meeting on Introducing Water Education in African Cities (2001 Johannesburg, South Africa). Water education in African cities: Report of an expert group meeting, Johannesburg, South Africa, 30 April-2 May, 2001. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 2001.

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13

Baños, Josep-Eladi, Carlo Orefice, Francesca Bianchi e Stefano Costantini, eds. Good Health, Quality Education, Sustainable Communities, Human Rights. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-896-9.

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The publication collects the contributions presented during the International Symposium of the Italian UNESCO Chairs (CONIUS) entitled Human Rights and Sustainable Development Goals 2030, which took place on 16 November 2018 at the University of Florence. The contributions of national and international experts address the Global Aims for Sustainable Development of the UNESCO including Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) n. 3 Improvement of the ‘Global Health’, n. 4 ‘Quality Education’, n. 11 ‘Cities and Inclusive Human Sett lements’ and n. 16 ‘Peace and Justice’, using transdisciplinary and transnational perspectives and implemented through theoretical studies and good practices.

14

Chung, Simone Shu-Yeng, e Mike Douglass, eds. The Hard State, Soft City of Singapore. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729505.

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With Singapore serving as the subject of exploration, The Hard State, Soft City of Singapore explores the purview of imaginative representations of the city. Alongside the physical structures and associated practices that make up our lived environment, and conceptualized space engineered into material form by bureaucrats, experts and commercial interests, a perceptual layer of space is conjured out of people’s everyday life experiences. While such imaginative projections may not be as tangible as its functional designations, they are nonetheless equally vital and palpable. The richness of its inhabitants’ memories, aspirations and meaningful interpretations challenges the reduction of Singapore as a Generic City. Taking the imaginative field as the point of departure, the forms and modes of intellectual and creative articulations of Singapore’s urban condition probe the resilience of cities and the people who reside in them, through the images they convey or evoke as a means for collective expressions of human agency in placemaking.

15

Fortun, Kim, Gwen Ottinger, Benjamin R. Cohen e Rebecca Gasior Altman. Technoscience and Environmental Justice: Expert Cultures in a Grassroots Movement. MIT Press, 2011.

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16

Fortun, Kim, Gwen Ottinger, Benjamin R. Cohen e Rebecca Gasior Altman. Technoscience and Environmental Justice: Expert Cultures in a Grassroots Movement. MIT Press, 2011.

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17

Earthtalk: Expert answers to everyday questions about the environment : selections from E/the environmental magazine's nationally syndicated column. New York: Plume, 2009.

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18

Balogh, Brian. Chain Reaction: Expert Debate and Public Participation in American Commercial Nuclear Power 19451975. Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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19

United Nations. Division for Public Administration and Development Management. e Expert Group Meeting on Engaged Governance: Citizen Participation in the Implementation of the Developmental Goals including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (2006 : New York, N.Y.), eds. Participatory governance and the millennium development goals (MDGs): Publication based on the Expert Group Meeting on Engaged Governance: Citizen Participation in the Implementation of the Developmental Goals including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 1-2 November 2006, New York. New York: United Nations, 2008.

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20

United Nations. Division for Public Administration and Development Management. e Expert Group Meeting on Engaged Governance: Citizen Participation in the Implementation of the Developmental Goals including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (2006 : New York, N.Y.), eds. Participatory governance and the millennium development goals (MDGs): Publication based on the Expert Group Meeting on Engaged Governance: Citizen Participation in the Implementation of the Developmental Goals including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 1-2 November 2006, New York. New York: United Nations, 2008.

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21

Leighninger, Matt. The Next Form of Democracy: How Expert Rule Is Giving Way to Shared Governance -- and Why Politics Will Never Be the Same. Vanderbilt University Press, 2006.

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22

Leighninger, Matt. The Next Form of Democracy: How Expert Rule Is Giving Way to Shared Governance -- and Why Politics Will Never Be the Same. Vanderbilt University Press, 2006.

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23

Fischer, Frank. Citizens, Experts, and the Environment. Duke University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9780822380283.

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24

Dryzek, John S. 4. Leave it to the Experts: Administrative Rationalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199696000.003.0004.

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This chapter examines administrative rationalism, a discourse of environmental problem solving which captures the dominant governmental response to the onset of environmental crisis. Administrative rationalism emphasizes the role of the expert rather than the citizen or producer/consumer in social problem solving, and which stresses social relationships of hierarchy rather than equality or competition. The chapter first considers the manifestations of administrative rationalism in various institutions and practices, including environmental impact assessment, planning, and rationalistic policy analysis techniques, before discussing the discourse analysis of administrative rationalism. It then explains the justification of administrative rationalism and problems of administrative rationalism, caused in part by its association with bureaucracy. It also explores the implications of the transition from government to governance for administrative rationalism.

25

Gastil, John, e Katherine Knobloch. Hope for Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190084523.001.0001.

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Concerned citizens across the globe fear that democracy is failing them, but civic reformers are crafting new tools that bring back into politics the wider public and its capacity for reason. This book spotlights one such innovation—the Citizens’ Initiative Review (CIR). Each review gathers a random sample of twenty voters to study a statewide ballot measure. These citizen panelists interrogate advocates, opponents, and experts and distill what they learn into a one-page analysis for the official Voters’ Pamphlet. The Oregon government permanently established the CIR in 2011, and reformers have tested it in locations across the United States and Europe. This book introduces the citizen activists responsible for the development of the CIR, as well as key participants at the inaugural CIR whose experiences changed their lives. Along with these stories, this book provides evidence of the CIR’s impact on voters, who not only make better decisions as a result of reading the citizen analysis but also change the way they understand their role in government. The CIR fits into a larger set of deliberative reforms occurring around the world and into a long history of democratic experiments that stretch back through the American revolution to ancient Athens. The book weaves together historical vignettes, contemporary research, and personal narratives to show how citizens, civic reformers, and politicians can work together to revitalize modern democracy.

26

Fischer, Frank. Democracy at Risk: From Citizen Activism to Techno-Environmentalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199594917.003.0003.

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The climate crisis has led various prominent writers to call for greater reliance on experts. Not only have they called on experts for technical solutions, but also for a greater role in the policy decision processes. If central governments step in with strong measures, even more authoritarian forms of rule, the turn to technocratic experts will undoubtedly be a part of the strategy. The chapter seeks to sort out the issues and questions posed by this appeal to technical expertise. It begins by looking at the evolution of techno-managerial expertise in modern environmental politics, before examining the technocratic mode of reason and the depoliticization of the policymaking that it advocates. The discussion then moves from the realm of theory to examine specific contemporary technocratic arguments and concludes with a discussion of the nature of technocratic power.

27

Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection., ed. Urban environment: Expert contributions. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communties, 1991.

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28

Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection. e Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Telecommunications, Information Industries, and Innovation., eds. Urban environment: Expert contributions. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation, 1990.

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29

Koch, Susanne, e Peter Weingart. The Delusion of Knowledge Transfer: The Impact of Foreign Aid Experts on Policy-making in South Africa and Tanzania. African Minds, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928331391.

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With the rise of the knowledge for development paradigm, expert advice has become a prime instrument of foreign aid. At the same time, it has been object of repeated criticism: the chronic failure of technical assistance a notion under which advice is commonly subsumed has been documented in a host of studies. Nonetheless, international organisations continue to send advisors, promising to increase the effectiveness of expert support if their technocratic recommendations are taken up. This book reveals fundamental problems of expert advice in the context of aid that concern issues of power and legitimacy rather than merely flaws of implementation. Based on empirical evidence from South Africa and Tanzania, the authors show that aid-related advisory processes are inevitably obstructed by colliding interests, political pressures and hierarchical relations that impede knowledge transfer and mutual learning. As a result, recipient governments find themselves caught in a perpetual cycle of dependency, continuously advised by experts who convey the shifting paradigms and agendas of their respective donor governments. For young democracies, the persistent presence of external actors is hazardous: ultimately, it poses a threat to the legitimacy of their governments if their policy-making becomes more responsive to foreign demands than to the preferences and needs of their citizens.

30

Fischer, Frank. Citizens, Experts, and the Environment: The Politics of Local Knowledge. Duke University Press, 2000.

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31

Fischer, Frank. Citizens, Experts, and the Environment: The Politics of Local Knowledge. Duke University Press, 2000.

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32

Tam, Henry, ed. Whose Government is it? Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529200980.001.0001.

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Civic disengagement has left us with a dangerous chasm between political institutions and the public. This book sets out why and how governments should reconnect with the citizens they serve, both for the sake of democratic legitimacy and public service improvement. It brings together a team of academic experts and public policy leaders to examine the pros and cons of different approaches to develop effective state-citizen cooperation. While there is a role for activities which are designed to bypass the state by leaving matters to private organisations, or pressurise it through lobbying or protesting, no democratic society can function well unless citizens and their government are able to work in partnership in defining and pursuing the public interest. Drawing on extensive research and practical experience of participatory engagement, civic co-production, deliberative democracy, citizenship education, community empowerment from around the world, as well as the UK’s nationwide action-learning programme for civil renewal, ‘Together We Can’, this book analyses the pitfalls and obstacles that need to be anticipated and overcome, and puts forward clear recommendations for achieving sustainable improvements in how state bodies and citizens can secure the common good.

33

Caldwell, Peter C. Democracy, Capitalism, and the Welfare State. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833819.001.0001.

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This book investigates political thought under the conditions of the postwar welfare state, focusing on the Federal Republic of Germany (1949–89). It argues that the welfare state informed and altered basic questions of democracy as those institutions take on broader and more concrete forms after the 1950s. These questions were especially important for West Germany, given its recent experience with the collapse of capitalism, the disintegration of democracy, and National Socialist dictatorship after 1930. Three central issues emerged. First, the development of a nearly all-embracing set of social services and payments recast the problem of how social groups and interests related to the state, as state agencies and affected groups generated their own clientele, their own advocacy groups, and their own expert information. Second, the welfare state blurred the line between state and society that is constitutive of basic rights and the classic world of liberal freedom. Rights became claims on the state, and social groups became integral parts of state administration. Third, the welfare state potentially reshaped the individual citizen, who became wrapped up with mandatory social insurance systems, provisioning of money and services related to social needs, and the regulation of everyday life. This book describes how West German experts sought to make sense of this vast array of state programs, expenditures, and bureaucracies aimed at solving social problems. Coming from politics, economics, law, social policy, sociology, and philosophy, they sought to conceptualize their state, which was now social (one German word for the welfare state is indeed Sozialstaat), and their society, which was permeated by state policies.

34

Martin, Kevin W. Syria's Democratic Years: Citizens, Experts, and Media in The 1950s. Indiana University Press, 2015.

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35

Fischer, Frank. Citizens, Experts, and the Environment: The Politics of Local Knowledge. Duke University Press, 2000.

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36

Martin, Kevin W. Syria's Democratic Years: Citizens, Experts, and Media in The 1950s. Indiana University Press, 2015.

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37

Sherman, Joan, Michael Gismondi e Mary Richardson. Winning Back the Words Confronting Exper. Garamond Press, 1993.

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38

Stewart, Edmund. Tragedy in Attica c.500–300 BC. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747260.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 examines Athenian festival culture in the fifth and fourth centuries. It is argued that the process of tragedy’s dissemination began not with the ‘export’ of plays out of Athens, but even at the very moment of their first performance in the theatre of Dionysus. Athens attracted a wide range of visitors to its festivals, who could be both performers and spectators. Here we examine the evidence for the activities of ninety non-citizen musicians, poets, and actors and the contribution they made to the Dionysia and other festivals. We shall see that Athens is best understood as a major Panhellenic centre within a broader network of other Greek cities and sanctuaries.

39

Barnhurst, Kevin G. Modernism Exposed the Flaws of News. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040184.003.0020.

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This chapter examines the flaws of modern news practice. Modern news practice aims to perfect the accuracy, reliability, and insight of reporting. Accuracy requires mature judgment about the facts. Reliability requires making those facts clear in the context of the past, present, and future. And insight requires conveying the story in ways that reveal what the facts mean. But news practice operates under conditions that place all three dimensions beyond its grasp. The chapter addresses the following questions: Can citizens expect the accurate performance that modern news pursues and that the machine apparently delivers? Can citizens expect the reliable news that modern practice aims to achieve and that its automation might deliver? Can citizens expect the insight that news practitioners want to supply and the machine might generate?

40

Shuy, Roger W. Cooperating Witnesses Use Deceptive Ambiguity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190669898.003.0006.

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Cooperating witness are individuals who replace agents in undercover operations, often because they are con men who the police have caught in a crime, are believable experts about how the crime works, and expect to receive lighter sentences for their cooperation with law enforcement. This chapter describes three investigations in which the cooperating witnesses used deceptive ambiguity by misrepresenting the speech events that led to conflicting schemas about what they were doing, by manipulating and reinterpreting the targets’ agendas and speech acts, by using ambiguous conversational strategies to persuade the targets to accept their propositions, and by misinterpreting the targets’ words, all to the advantage of the prosecution. The cooperating witnesses’ use of deceptive ambiguity is illustrated in the FBI’s investigations of oil millionaire T. Cullen Davis, successful military armor manufacturer Yochanan Cohen, and Ohio citizen Marwan El-Hindi’s investigation for planning to create a terrorist cell in Toledo.

41

Douglas, Gordon C. C. “I’m an Expert on Public Space”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190691332.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 focuses on the personal and professional background of many do-it-yourselfers who employ sophisticated knowledge of professional planning and scholarly urbanism in their interventions. In doing so, it begins to challenge binary notions of formality and informality in urbanism. The chapter includes discussion of the history of informality in cities and the development of professionalized urban planning and placemaking practices. It then discusses how many do-it-yourself urban designers have professional design training that they to use in their projects. Where others lack such a background, they often seek information from official sources in order to strengthen and legitimate their interventions, from tools, techniques, and guidelines to justifications grounded in social science research. Although this may lead to better-designed and more effective improvements, it also gives the individuals a certain confidence in the quality of their actions and their right to make them.

42

Smith, Sybil C. Twin Cities Fishing Guide: Where the Experts Fish & How! 2^a ed. Smith House Press/Fins Publications, 1993.

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43

Uy, Michael Sy. Ask the Experts. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510445.001.0001.

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From the end of World War II through the U.S. Bicentennial, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Ford Foundation granted close to $300 million (approximately $2.3 billion in 2017 dollars) in the field of music alone. In deciding what to fund, these three grantmaking institutions decided to “ask the experts,” adopting seemingly objective, scientific models of peer review and specialist evaluation. They recruited music composers at elite institutions, professors from prestigious universities, and leaders of performing arts organizations. Among the most influential expert-consultants were Leonard Bernstein, Aaron Copland, Lukas Foss, and Milton Babbitt. The significance was twofold: not only were male, Western art composers put in charge of directing large and unprecedented channels of public and private funds, but also, in doing so, they determined and defined what was meant by artistic excellence. They decided the fate of their peers and shaped the direction of music making in this country. By asking the experts, the grantmaking institutions produced a concentrated and interconnected field of artists and musicians. Officers and directors utilized ostensibly objective financial tools like matching grants and endowments in an attempt to diversify and stabilize applicants’ sources of funding, as well as the number of applicants they funded. Such economics-based strategies, however, relied more on personal connections among the wealthy and elite, rather than local community citizens. Ultimately, this history demonstrates how “expertise” served as an exclusionary form of cultural and social capital that prevented racial minorities and nondominant groups from fully participating.

44

Leskinen, Pekka, Marcus Lindner, Pieter Johannes Verkerk, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Jo Van Brusselen, Elena Kulikova, Mariana Hassegawa e Bas Lerink, eds. Russian forests and climate change. European Forest Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36333/wsctu11.

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We live in an intricate and changing environment with interrelated feedback between ecosystems, society, economy and the environment. EFI’s ‘What Science Can Tell Us’ series is based on collective scientific expert reviews providing interdisciplinary background information on key and complex forest-related issues for policy and decision makers, citizens and society in general.

45

Scoones, Ian. Agricultural Futures. Editado por Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.031.

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Global assessments have become central to international debates on a range of key policy issues. They attempt to combine “expert assessment” with processes of “stakeholder consultation” in what are presented as global, participatory assessments on key issues of major international importance. This chapter focuses on the IAASTD—the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development—through a detailed analysis of the underlying knowledge politics involved, centered particularly on the controversy over genetically modified crops. Global assessments contribute to a new landscape of governance in the international arena, offering the potential for links between the local and the global and new ways of articulating citizen engagement with global processes of decision making and policy. The chapter argues that in global assessments the politics of knowledge need to be made more explicit and that negotiations around politics and values must be put center stage. The black-boxing of uncertainty, or the eclipsing of more fundamental clashes over interpretation and meaning, must be avoided for processes of participation and engagement in global assessments to become more meaningful, democratic, and accountable. A critique is thus offered of simplistic forms of deliberative democratic practice and the need to “bring politics back in” is affirmed.

46

Lupia, Arthur. Uninformed Why People Seem to Know So Little about Politics and What We Can Do about It. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190263720.001.0001.

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Research polls, media interviews, and everyday conversations reveal an unsettling truth: citizens, while well-meaning and even passionate about current affairs, appear to know very little about politics. Hundreds of surveys document vast numbers of citizens answering even basic questions about government incorrectly. Given this unfortunate state of affairs, it is not surprising that more knowledgeable people often deride the public for its ignorance. Some experts even think that less informed citizens should stay out of politics altogether. As Arthur Lupia shows in Uninformed, this is not constructive. At root, critics of public ignorance fundamentally misunderstand the problem. Many experts believe that simply providing people with more facts will make them more competent voters. However, these experts fail to understand how most people learn, and hence don't really know what types of information are even relevant to voters. Feeding them information they don't find relevant does not address the problem. In other words, before educating the public, we need to educate the educators. Lupia offers not just a critique, though; he also has solutions. Drawing from a variety of areas of research on topics like attention span and political psychology, he shows how we can actually increase issue competence among voters in areas ranging from gun regulation to climate change. To attack the problem, he develops an arsenal of techniques to effectively convey to people information they actually care about. Citizens sometimes lack the knowledge that they need to make competent political choices, and it is undeniable that greater knowledge can improve decision making. But we need to understand that voters either don't care about or pay attention to much of the information that experts think is important. Uninformed provides the keys to improving political knowledge and civic competence: understanding what information is important to and knowing how to best convey it to them.

47

Annas, Julia. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755746.003.0001.

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This chapter gives an overview of the argument in the book. It explains how Plato’s ideal state in the Republic has virtuous expert rulers; in the later Laws the citizens of the ideal state strictly obey laws. This is not, as often thought, to be viewed as a ‘pessimistic’ downgrading of the need for citizens to be virtuous in order to live happily; rather it is that Plato develops a new account of the relation of virtue and law. In the ancient world this new attempt leaves no tradition, but Cicero and Philo of Alexandria independently take it up in interesting ways.

48

Zevenbergen, Chris, e Andras Szollosi-Nagy. Urban Flood Management: Introduction - 1st International Expert Meeting on Urban Flood Management. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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49

Zevenbergen, Chris, e Andras Szollosi-Nagy. Urban Flood Management: Introduction - 1st International Expert Meeting on Urban Flood Management. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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50

Zevenbergen, Chris, e Andras Szollosi-Nagy. Urban Flood Management: Introduction - 1st International Expert Meeting on Urban Flood Management. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Livros sobre o tema "Expert citizen"

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