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1
Rorbach-Dolata, Anna, Ewa Żurawska-Płaksej e Agnieszka Piwowar. "Quercetin influences BSA alpha-helical structures of native, ACR- and NaNO2-modified BSAs". Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research 75, n.º 6 (31 de dezembro de 2018): 1339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/appdr/89724.
2
Pendleton, Rosemary L., Stanley G. Kitchen, E. Durant McArthur e Joann E. Mudge. "The ‘Appar’ flax release: origin, distinguishing characteristics, and use; and a native alternative". Native Plants Journal 9, n.º 1 (abril de 2008): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/npj.2008.9.1.18.
3
Ilina, N. I., N. V. Shartanova, E. A. Latysheva e M. A. Denisov. "NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF UNCONTROLLED ASTHMA IN RUSSIA". Russian Journal of Allergy 11, n.º 5 (15 de dezembro de 2014): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja531.
Resumo:
Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most socially significant diseases of the respiratory system. The control over the symptoms of BA is achieved less than in 50% of cases even in highly developed countries. The reasons for the lack of control are heterogeneous. One of the most important reasons for the lack of control over symptoms BA in Russia is the unavailability of highly effective drugs for socially unprotected layers of the population. The solution of this problem could be the creation of Russian analogs for asthma treatment. A new Russian product - a combination of topical corticosteroids and DBA (fluticasone/salmeterol) - Suticase-native is going to appear on the Russian market. A study to assess the efficacy and safety of the new product was carried out on the base of three Russian scientific centers. This trail compared a new drug Suticase-nativ (salmeterol 50 mcg plus fluticasone propionate 250 mcg/dose), powder for inhalation (produced by «Nativ» - company, Russia), with its famous counterpart - a Seretide accuhaler diskus (salmeterol 50 mcg plus fluticasone propionate 250 mcg/ dose), powder for inhalation dosed, production Glaxo Operates UK Ltd, in patients with bronchial asthma. The results of the study showed high efficiency and safety of Suticase-Nativ, comparable to Seretide.
4
Lester, David. "Suicide Rates among Native Americans in 1890". Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, n.º 3 (junho de 1995): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3.830.
Resumo:
From 1890 to 1980, estimated suicide rates for Chinese males and Native American females appear to have decreased while the suicide rates of white, African American, and Native American males have increased.
5
Gonzales, E. K., Y. F. Wiersma, A. I. Maher e T. D. Nudds. "Positive relationship between non-native and native squirrels in an urban landscape". Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, n.º 5 (maio de 2008): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-006.
Resumo:
Paradoxically, non-native species sometimes displace native species that appear to be well adapted to local landscapes. That many landscapes have been altered by humans, creating habitat suitable for non-native species, helps explain this apparent paradox. We asked whether the abundance of native Douglas ( Tamiasciurus douglasii (Bachman, 1839)) and northern flying ( Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)) squirrels was best explained by the abundance of non-native eastern grey squirrels ( Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788), the proportion of urban development, or both using available squirrel abundance data from wildlife shelters and land-use maps. There was no evidence that non-native squirrels replaced native squirrels given that their abundances were positively related, whereas native squirrels varied negatively with the amount of development. The best model explaining variation in the abundance of Douglas and northern flying squirrels incorporated both eastern grey squirrels and development, which is consistent with the hypothesis that regional declines in native squirrels are more likely to be predicated by the alteration of native conifer habitats by humans independent of the effects of non-native squirrels.
6
Peterson, Douglas P., e William R. Ardren. "Ancestry, population structure, and conservation genetics of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in the upper Missouri River, USA". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, n.º 10 (outubro de 2009): 1758–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-113.
Resumo:
We genotyped Arctic grayling ( Thymallus arcticus ) at 10 microsatellite loci in 18 samples (n = 726) from Montana, Wyoming, and Saskatchewan to determine genetic relationships among native, captive, and naturalized populations in the upper Missouri River basin, to assess patterns in genetic diversity, and to infer recent demographic histories. Substantial genetic subdivision was observed among sample populations (global FST = 0.10). Canadian populations have been isolated from Missouri River populations long enough for mutation to cause genetic differences between regions (mean pairwise FST = 0.18, RST = 0.54). Within the Missouri River basin, most naturalized lacustrine populations traced their ancestry to Red Rock lakes. Two populations in headwater lakes within the Big Hole River watershed appear to be native. We found neither evidence for introgression of Canadian-origin grayling nor any effect of hatchery stocking in native populations. The native fluvial Big Hole River group was genetically distinct and most diverse (HE = 0.89), whereas native Madison River and Red Rock lakes populations exhibited lower genetic diversity (HE = 0.74 and 0.80, respectively) and evidence of recent bottlenecks. The existing Big Hole and Red Rock populations are at low abundance but do not appear to be at immediate risk of inbreeding depression (Ne = 207.7–228.2).
7
Alraimi, Looloo Mohammed, e Abdalla Yassin Abdalla. "Interpersonal Meaning in Media texts Written by Native & Non-native Writers of English". International Journal of Linguistics 11, n.º 1 (20 de fevereiro de 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v11i1.14370.
Resumo:
This study presents an exploration of how interpersonal meaning is created and recognized in media texts written by native and non-native writers of English. The objectives of this study are: to compare and describe the types of interpersonal meaning, and the various structures and speech functions realized in media texts from native and non-native online newspapers that reveal the authors' intention to influence the readers. Eight articles from Washington Post (WP) & Arab News (AN) online newspapers were collected for the analysis. The texts' clauses were identified and analyzed for mood and modality based on Halliday's framework of Systemic Functional Grammar. The analysis reveals that the most dominant mood type is declarative, and modality of medium value pervades all the texts with higher frequency in WP newspaper which makes the authors appear to be more personal and certain about their claims than the AN authors. Yet, declarative moods have varying structures and varying degrees of ‘functions’. The conclusion shows that this variation in the clause structures and functions is done with the authors' intention to get the readers persuaded.
8
Franceschina, Florencia. "Against an L2 morphological deficit as an explanation for the differences between native and non-native grammars". EUROSLA Yearbook 1 (1 de janeiro de 2001): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.1.12fra.
Resumo:
One proposed explanation for the observed differences between native and non-native speakers has been that certain peripheral systems interacting with the computational system are defective in L2 acquisition. This paper will consider some of the predictions that follow from assuming that the morphological module which interacts with the computational system (or their interface) is defective. If this basic assumption is correct, we should expect all learners to be able to acquire the L2 grammar equally well, and where mistakes are found they should be due to problems in the morphology. The results of an empirical study of the acquisition of grammatical gender in advanced English and Italian speakers of L2 Spanish do not support these predictions, as the errors found appear to be syntactic in nature.
9
Tarsi, Matteo. "Samspil tökuorða og innlendra orða í Þriðju málfræðiritgerðinni". Orð og tunga 22 (30 de junho de 2020): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.22.5.
Resumo:
The article is concerned with the coexistence and interplay of loanwords and native words (synonymic word pairs) in the Third Grammatical Treatise. The discussion offered in the present article is part of a larger research project on loanwords and native synonyms in Icelandic in the period from the twelfth century to around 1550. The focus of this article is on how loanword/native word pairs appear in the Third Grammatical Treatise and thus on the dynamics at the core of the alternation between loanwords and native words in this work. In addition, the research seeks to establish a relative chonology for the constituents of each word pair. Finally, the dynamics between loanwords and native words in the lexicon are illustrated in a set of generalizations.
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Pettibone, Erin, Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux e Gabrielle Klassen. "Old Grammars New (?) Scope: Adjective Placement in Native and Non-Native Spanish". Languages 6, n.º 1 (29 de janeiro de 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6010022.
Resumo:
Prior studies have examined the association between modifying adjective placement and interpretation in second language (L2) Spanish. These studies show evidence of convergence with native speaker’s intuitions, which is interpreted as restructuring of the underlying grammar. Two issues deserve further study: (i) there are debates on the nature of native speaker’s interpretations; (ii) previous results could be explained by a combination of explicit instruction and access to the first language (L1). The present study re-examines native and non-native intuitions on the interpretation of variable order adjectives in pre-nominal and post-nominal positions, and extends the domain of inquiry by asking if L2 learners have intuitions about the order of two-adjective sequences, which appear in mirror image order in English and Spanish (faded blue pants vs. pantalones azules desteñidos). Two-adjective sequences are rare in the input, not typically taught explicitly, and have a different word order that cannot be [partially] derived from the L1 subgrammar. Two groups of non-native speakers (n = 50) and native speaker controls (n = 15) participated in the study. Participants completed a preference task, testing the interaction between word order and restrictive/non-restrictive interpretation, and an acceptability judgement task, testing ordering intuitions for two-adjective sequences. Results of the preference task show that the majority of speakers, both native and non-native, prefer variable adjectives in a post-nominal position independent of interpretation. Results of the acceptability judgement task indicate that both native and non-native speakers prefer mirror image order. We conclude that these results support underlying grammar reanalysis in L2 speakers and indicate that the semantic distribution of variable adjectives is not fully complementary; rather, the post-nominal position is unmarked, and generally preferred by both native and non-native speakers.
11
Natraj, U., S. George e M. S. Kadam. "Characterization of antibodies to chicken riboflavin carrier protein. Immunoneutralizing ability of antibodies to a sequence-specific region of the protein". Biochemical Journal 254, n.º 1 (15 de agosto de 1988): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2540287.
Resumo:
The properties of antibodies generated in rabbits against native riboflavin carrier protein (cRCP), riboflavin carrier protein that had been denatured/renatured by SDS treatment (SDS-RCP) or disulphide-bond-reduced then S-carboxymethylated (Carb-RCP) were studied. SDS-RCP could displace native RCP in radioimmunoassay (r.i.a.), whereas Carb-RCP could not. By using antibodies raised in five different rabbits against native cRCP, 125I-labelled Carb-RCP could bind between 0 and 30% of the native antibodies. Antibodies raised against native RCP appear to be largely directed towards specific conformational determinants of RCP. Carb-RCP displaced native RCP in an r.i.a. using antibodies raised against SDS-RCP. SDS denaturation presumably unmasks cryptic epitopes in native RCP. Carb-RCP was a weak immunogen and elicited, presumably, antibodies to sequential epitope/epitopes. When injected into pregnant mice the antibodies caused neutralization of RCP, leading to termination of pregnancy, indicating highly conserved sequential epitopes in chicken and rodent RCP. Antibodies raised against Carb-RCP or native RCP reacted with CNBr fragments of native RCP, further confirming the presence of sequence-specific antibodies elicited by Carb-RCP.
12
Silva, David J. "Variation in Voice Onset Time for Korean Stops". Korean Linguistics 13 (1 de janeiro de 2006): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.13.01djs.
Resumo:
Abstract. Acoustic data elicited from 34 native speakers of Korean living in the United States pro-vide evidence for diachronic change in the voice onset time (VOT) of phrase-initial aspirated and lax stop phonemes. While older speakers produce aspirated and lax stops with clearly differentiated average VOT values, many younger speakers appear to have neutralized this difference, producing VOTs for aspirated stops that are substantially shorter than those of older speakers, and comparable to those for corresponding lax stops. The data further indicate that, within each age group, older speakers manifest sex-based differences in VOT while younger speakers do not. Despite this appar-ent shift in VOT values, the acoustic evidence suggests that all speakers in this study, regardless of age, continue to mark underlying differences between aspirated and lax stops in terms of stop closure and the fundamental frequency of the following vowel. It is concluded that the data point to a recent phonetic shift in the language, whereby VOT no longer serves as the primary cue to differentiate between lax and aspirated stops. There is not, however, evidence of any reorganization of the lan-guage as the phonemic level: the language's underlying lax ~ aspirated ~ tense contrasts endure.
13
Daidone, Danielle, e Sara Zahler. "A Variationist Analysis of Second Language Spanish Trill Production". Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 14, n.º 1 (1 de maio de 2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2021-2038.
Resumo:
Abstract The current study examines the production of the Spanish trill by advanced second language (L2) learners using a variationist approach. Findings indicate that learners produced less multiple occlusion trills than native speakers and their variation was not constrained by the same factors as native speakers. Phonetic context conditioned the use of the multiple occlusion variant for native speakers, whereas frequency and speaker sex conditioned this variation for learners, and in the opposite direction of effect as expected from previous native speaker research. Nevertheless, the majority of tokens produced by learners were other variants also produced by native speakers, and when the variation between native and non-native variants was examined, learners’ variation was conditioned not only by frequency, but also phonetic context. Some of the phonetic contexts in which learners produced non-native variants were comparable to those in which native speakers were least likely to produce the multiple occlusion trill, indicating that articulatory constraints governed variation in trill production similarly for both groups. Thus, although L2 learners do not exhibit native-like trill variation, they appear to be developing toward a more native-like norm. These insights provide support for adopting a multifaceted variationist approach to the study of L2 phonological variable structures.
14
Shubert, Serena K., Jan H. Spyridakis, Heather K. Holmback e Mary B. Coney. "The Comprehensibility of Simplified English in Procedures". Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 25, n.º 4 (outubro de 1995): 347–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wg69-d74b-4dll-2wbk.
Resumo:
Anecdotal evidence suggests that using a restricted language called Simplified English (SE) to write procedural documents is the best method to accommodate specific audiences. Providing empirical data to prove or disprove this hypothesis is the point of the experiment reported here. This study examined the effect of document type (SE versus non-SE), passage (Procedure A versus Procedure B), and native language (native versus non-native English speakers) on the comprehensibility, identification of content location, and task completion time of procedure documents for airplane maintenance. This research suggests that using SE significantly improves the comprehensibility of more complex documents. Further, readers of more complex SE documents can more easily locate and identify information within the document. For the documents tested in this experiment, the SE and non-SE documents took essentially the same amount of time for subjects to read and complete the test. Finally, while the difference between native and non-native English speakers could not be tested statistically because of extremely different cell sizes, the comprehensibility and content location scores for the native and non-native speakers appear to be quite different, with the non-native speakers benefiting from SE more than the native speakers.
15
Evers, D., C. Schweitzer, N. Nicot, S. Gigliotti, M. R. Herrera, J. F. Hausman, L. Hoffmann, B. Trognitz, J. Dommes e M. Ghislain. "Two PR-1 loci detected in the native cultivated potato Solanum phureja appear differentially expressed upon challenge by late blight". Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 67, n.º 3-5 (setembro de 2005): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2005.12.003.
16
Jusczyk, Peter W. "Some Critical Developments in Acquiring Native Language Sound Organization during the First Year". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 111, n.º 5_suppl (maio de 2002): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00034894021110s503.
Resumo:
Although infants are born with rather sophisticated capacities for discriminating and categorizing speech sounds, they still must learn about the sound organization of their native language. Before 6 months, infants show relatively little sensitivity to native language versus non-native language sound organization. Shortly thereafter, infants recognize which sounds and sound sequences and rhythmic patterns are likely to appear in native language words. Knowledge of these features plays a critical role in how and when infants segment words from fluent speech. Word segmentation abilities develop rapidly between 7.5 and 10.5 months. Initially, English-learners segment words using stress cues. Soon after, they learn to use other potential cues to word boundaries. As their lexicons develop during the second year, they begin to use information about known words in segmenting and learning new words.
17
Venn, Jonathan. "MMPI Profiles of Native-, Mexican-, and Caucasian-American Male Alcoholics". Psychological Reports 62, n.º 2 (abril de 1988): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.2.427.
Resumo:
Sixteen Native-American and 16 Mexican-American men were matched with Caucasian-American men on the basis of age and marital status. All subjects took the MMPI during inpatient rehabilitation for alcoholism. The present findings support earlier observations that (a) the 2–4 code type is a normative group profile among alcoholics, (b) Mexican Americans tend to score higher than Caucasians on Scale L, and (c) significant differences between ethnic groups tend not to appear when the samples are matched for relevant variables like age and marital status.
18
Kane, Maeve. "For Wagrassero’s Wife’s Son: Colonialism and the Structure of Indigenous Women’s Social Connections, 1690–1730". Journal of Early American History 7, n.º 2 (21 de julho de 2017): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00702002.
Resumo:
This article utilizes digital humanities social network analysis to examine Native women’s roles in overlapping familial and economic social ties revealed in two early Dutch account books. Taken individually these records are difficult to fit into broader analyses; many of the individual Native people who appear in early account books are recorded only once or at most a handful of times and rarely appear in other documentary sources. The contrasting structures of two contemporary Iroquois and Munsee social networks reconstructed from these account books illustrates the extent of colonial views into indigenous social life and colonial perceptions of indigenous women within their communities. Where Iroquois women were visible in these networks as bridges between indigenous kin groups, Munsee women were perceived as pushed to the margins of their own kinship networks, illustrating the process of erasure in the settler colonial archive.
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Lee, Crystal, Melva Thompson-Robinson e Carolee Dodge-Francis. "Acceptability of an Adapted HIV Prevention Intervention for Native American Adolescents". AIDS Education and Prevention 30, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2018): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2018.30.1.72.
Resumo:
Relatively few HIV evidence-based interventions (EBIs) among Native Americans have been developed, adapted, evaluated, and/or published in the scientific literature. An adolescent HIV EBI was adapted in three phases: (1) securing input from a Native American Advisory Board; (2) modifying the EBI to be more consistent with Native American culture; and (3) conducing a pilot with 14 Native American adolescents to examine acceptability and cultural congruence between the adapted intervention and the youth's culture based on Likert-scale ratings and a focus group. The adaptations included diverse Native American social and cultural stories that assisted with responsible decision-making skills. The adolescents consistently rated each intervention session as highly acceptable. A difference in knowledge from pre-survey (M = 13.93, SD = 3.08) to post-survey (M = 17.14, SD = 2.25) was statistically significant; t(13) = 4.166, p < .0005. The adapted curriculum did appear culturally responsive based on the pilot test results.
20
Carpluk, Lenora, e Beth Leonard. "Engaging Indigenous Communities in Higher Education: An Analysis of Collaboration and Ownership in Alaska Native Teacher Preparation". Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning 2, n.º 1 (29 de julho de 2017): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15402/esj.v2i1.199.
Resumo:
In 2008, our institution was awarded an Office of Indian Education pre-service teacher preparation grant intended to increase the number of Alaska Native/ American Indian teachers in Alaska. Our research examines grant objectives and outcomes, specifically related to the institution’s stated focus on “culturally responsive teacher preparation” and “preserving and advancing” Alaska Native languages and cultures. We also explore challenges and opportunities encountered during the development of a cultural mentoring community for Alaska Native pre-service teachers, facilitated through collaboration with two Alaska Native teacher community organizations. Our work is informed by foundational literature in Indigenous culture-based pedagogy (Demmert & Towner, 2003), Indigenous higher education (Brayboy, 2012), and culturally responsive/ culturally relevant pedagogy (Ladson-Billings, 1994). Decolonizing methodologies and TribalCrit (Castagno, 2012) are particularly significant in our analysis, as the institution’s mission, vision, and strategic directions initiatives appear to be at odds with outcomes that suggest a continuation of top-down, colonized practices that perpetuate marginalization of Alaska Native students.
21
Butcher, Kristin F. "Black Immigrants in the United States: A Comparison with Native Blacks and other Immigrants". ILR Review 47, n.º 2 (janeiro de 1994): 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399404700207.
Resumo:
This analysis of 1980 Census data shows that in 1979 immigrant black men had higher employment rates than native-born black men, but the wages of employed members of the two groups were nearly the same. Further, the wage differences that did exist between these groups appear to have stemmed from the selection process associated with migration, not (as has been argued by-some) from differences between the cultural traditions of immigrant and native-born blacks: on a variety of employment and wage measures, black Jamaican and other Caribbean immigrant men in 1979 were remarkably similar to native-born black “movers” (men who had moved out of their state of birth by the Census date).
22
Evans, Lauran, SeHoon Park, Christie Elliott e Courtney Garrett. "Ectopic Papillary Carcinoma in the Midline Neck Accompanied by a Benign Thyroid Gland". Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2019 (10 de janeiro de 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9172942.
Resumo:
Ectopic thyroid tissue can deposit anywhere in the body. There are several cases reporting papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) arising from ectopic tissues; however, these cases largely presented with primary PTC within the native thyroid gland as well. Alternatively, some cases report of PTC found solely in an ectopic thyroglossal duct cyst, but reports of isolated malignancy in other types of ectopic thyroid tissue with normal native tissue are sparse throughout the literature. Here, we present an unusual case of PTC in the midline anterior neck that does not appear to be consistent with a thyroglossal duct cyst, accompanied by a completely benign native thyroid gland, of which only few cases have been reported.
23
Bagley, Christopher, Michael Wood e Helda Khumar. "Suicide and Careless Death in Young Males: Ecological Study of an Aboriginal Population in Canada". Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 9, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 1990): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-1990-0009.
Resumo:
Problems in estimating rates of suicide in North American Native populations are considered. Despite many problems of research, there does appear to be evidence that suicide rates are much higher in Native groups. An ecological method of calculating rates of suicide and careless death (including open and many accident verdicts) in males aged 15 to 34 is described. This method indicates that in Alberta Native reserves have substantially higher rates of suicide and careless death than adjacent rural areas. There is a south to north trend in these rates. Economic development (more common in the central and southern region of the province) is associated with lower death rates. It appears from these data that modernization and increased economic opportunities among Native communities is associated with decreased rates of suicide and of alcohol-related rates of careless death.
24
Giles, N. C., e L. E. Halliburton. "Native Defects in the Ternary Chalcopyrites". MRS Bulletin 23, n.º 7 (julho de 1998): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400029079.
Resumo:
Ternary-chalcopyrite crystals contain a variety of point defects—the most common of which are vacancies, antisite ions, and impurities. Usually these defects are isolated, but they can also appear as complexes involving two or more of the simple defects. Depending on the material, the concentrations of these defects may vary from a few hundred parts per billion to a few hundred parts per million. Many of the point defects in the ternary chalcopyrites have associated optical-absorption bands with significant oscillator strengths. It is these absorption features that become important when the crystals are exposed to intense laser beams during device operation. Even a small amount of absorption will seriously degrade the performance of the device if any of the wavelengths of the various propagating beams happen to overlap an absorption band. This phenomenon can be a problem for both second-harmonic-generator and optical-parametric-oscillator applications. In general the absorption leads to heating of the crystal and results in-thermal lensing (due to temperature dependence of the index of refraction) and dephasing of the beams, and it can ultimately lead to thermal fracturing of the crystal. Thus it is important to develop a fundamental understanding of the defect structure of the ternary-chalcopyrite crystals if they are to serve as the critical component in midinfrared frequency-conversion devices. Once the nature and behavior of the point defects are established, processes can be developed to remove the defects from the crystals either during the growth itself or during post-growth treatments.
25
Sari, Mezia Kemala. "Apology Strategy in English By Native Speaker". Lingua Cultura 10, n.º 1 (31 de maio de 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v10i1.815.
Resumo:
This research discussed apology strategies in English by native speaker. This descriptive study was presented within the framework of Pragmatics based on the forms of strategies due to the coding manual as found in CCSARP (Cross-Cultural Speech Acts Realization Project).The goals of this study were to describe the apology strategies in English by native speaker and identify the influencing factors of it. Data were collected through the use of the questionnaire in the form of Discourse Completion Test, which was distributed to 30 native speakers. Data were classified based on the degree of familiarity and the social distance between speaker and hearer and then the data of native will be separated and classified by the type of strategies in coding manual. The results of this study are the pattern of apology strategies of native speaker brief with the pattern that potentially occurs IFID plus Offer of repair plus Taking on responsibility. While Alerters, Explanation and Downgrading appear with less number of percentage. Then, the factors that influence the apology utterance by native speakers are the social situation, the degree of familiarity and degree of the offence which more complicated the mistake tend to produce the most complex utterances by the speaker.
26
Ucar, Serpil. "A Corpus-based Study on the Use of Three-word Lexical Bundles in the Academic Writing by Native English and Turkish Non-native Writers". English Language Teaching 10, n.º 12 (31 de outubro de 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n12p28.
Resumo:
The utilization of English recurrent word combinations –lexical bundles- play a fundamental role in academic prose (Karabacak & Qin, 2013). There has been highly limited research about comparing Turkish non-native and native English writers’ use of lexical bundles in academic prose in terms of frequency, structure and functions of lexical bundles (Bal, 2010; Karabacak & Qin, 2013, Öztürk, 2014). Therefore, this current research was conducted in order to investigate the most frequently used lexical bundles in the academically published articles of Turkish non-native and native speakers of English and to investigate whether there was a significant difference between native and non-native scholars with respect to the frequency, structures and functions of English language lexical bundles. The data were collected from two corpora; 15 scientific articles of native speakers and 15 scientific articles of Turkish advanced writers. The investigation included a quantitative analysis of the use of three-word lexical bundles and a qualitative analysis of the functions and structures they serve. To be more conservative, three-word lexical bundles which occur 40 times per million words and appear in 5 different texts were described a lexical bundle in this current research. The findings revealed that Turkish non-native writers showed underuse and less variation in the use of lexical bundles in their academic prose compared to native speakers.
27
Peng, C. X., Hui Min Weng, K. F. Wang, F. L. Guo, B. J. Ye, X. Y. Zhou e Rong Dian Han. "Characterizing Native Point Defects in ZnO Bulk by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy". Materials Science Forum 607 (novembro de 2008): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.607.137.
Resumo:
Positron annihilation spectroscopy was employed to study the native point defects in ZnO single crystal, in combination with calculated results of positron lifetime and electron momentum distribution. The theoretical and experimental results of the positron lifetime in ZnO bulk ensure the presence of zinc monovacancy, and zinc monovacancy concentration begins to decrease above 600oC annealing treatment. Oxygen vacancies have been characterized by coincidence Doppler broadening (CDB) spectroscopy, combined with calculated electron momentum distribution. CDB spectroscopies show that oxygen vacancies don't appear until 600oC annealing treatment, and increase due to ZnO decomposition with annealing temperature rising.
28
Van Vuuren, Sanne, e Janine Berns. "Same difference? L1 influence in the use of initial adverbials in English novice writing". International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 56, n.º 4 (27 de novembro de 2018): 427–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iral-2016-0077.
Resumo:
Abstract This paper examines the use of clause-initial adverbials in English novice writing. Previous research has identified frequent use of such adverbials as characteristic of Dutch EFL writing. Our contrastive corpus analysis of novice writing by Dutch and Francophone learners as well as native speakers allows us to determine whether this use of initial adverbials is (a) a V2 transfer effect, (b) a general interlanguage feature, independent of learners’ L1, or (c) a characteristic of novice writing in general, holding true for both native and non-native writers. We will show that both learner groups are ‘equally different’ from the native-speaker novice writers in their frequent use of initial adverbials, but appear to have distinct underlying reasons for this linguistic behaviour: Francophone writers place adverbials in initial position more often for stylistic purposes, while Dutch writers have a stronger tendency to use initial adverbials for local discourse linking.
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Majka, Christopher G., Joyce Cook e Susan Westby. "Introduced Carabidae (Coleoptera) from Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island: new records and ecological perspectives". Canadian Entomologist 138, n.º 5 (outubro de 2006): 602–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n06-009.
Resumo:
AbstractSeven species of introduced Carabidae are newly reported in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Trechus quadristriatus (Schrank), Amara ovata (Fabricius), and Harpalus rubripes (Duftschmid) are newly recorded in Atlantic Canada as a whole. Possible modes of introduction of these species to the region are discussed. Several may have been introduced in association with dry ballast shipments. Some may have arrived via natural dispersion from neighbouring areas; others appear to have been present and undetected for a considerable time. The possible impact of such introductions is also discussed. Synanthropic environments have higher proportions of introduced species than relatively undisturbed, native habitats. Some adventive species do become widespread in native environments; however, negative impacts on native species may not be readily apparent.
30
Leege, Lissa M., e Peter G. Murphy. "Ecological effects of the non-native Pinus nigra on sand dune communities". Canadian Journal of Botany 79, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2001): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-015.
Resumo:
Owing to their successional nature, sand dunes provide an opportunity to examine the effects of non-native species introduced into multiple habitats. We investigated the biotic and abiotic effects of non-native Pinus nigra in four habitats on the dunes of the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. The 26 000 pines were planted in foredunes, forest edges, wetpannes, and inland blowouts as a stabilization measure in 19561972, and in 1995 the surviving trees ranged in stand density from 2741176 trees per hectare. Pinus nigra stands were associated with reduced cover of dune vegetation except in forest edges, and with depressed species richness only in wetpanne sites. Higher densities of woody stems occurred in P. nigra stands at the edge of native forest than in sites lacking P. nigra, suggesting that pines accelerate succession to a woody community. Pinus nigra stands were associated with lower light levels than native stands of comparable or greater stand densities (Pinus banksiana in wetpannes and Populus deltoides in foredunes). In addition, P. nigra sites were drier than P. banksiana sites in wetpannes. The non-native pines may have modified the four dune habitats and appear to be functionally different from stands of native trees.Key words: functional equivalency, non-native species, Pinus nigra, plant invasion, sand dunes.
31
Shoji, Shinichi. "English Speaker Acquisition of Topic and Subject in Multiple Clause Sentences in Japanese". Studia Orientalia Electronica 8, n.º 1 (13 de maio de 2020): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23993/store.82595.
Resumo:
This study investigated native English speakers’ acquisition of the constraint for topic-wa and the preference for subject-ga in multiple-clause sentences in Japanese. The constraint for topic-wa is that the topic-wa cannot appear in certain types of subordinate clauses, and the preference for subject-ga is that the overt subject-ga in a subordinate clause should not overlap the topic for a matrix clause. Two sentence-completion experiments were conducted with native English-speaking participants, who were considered advanced-level Japanese learners, as well as native Japanese-speaking participants (the control group). The results indicated that although English speakers followed the constraint for the topic-wa, they frequently used the topic-wa as non-subject topics (unlike native Japanese speakers) when an embedded subordinate clause intervened between the topic-wa and the rest of the matrix clause. Also, English speakers used the same subject-ga for both subordinate and matrix clauses, unlike the native Japanese speakers’ preference. The outcome implies that English speakers associated the topic-wa with English non-subject topics, and the subject-ga with English subjects.
32
Lacy, Shaw, Fernando Ugalde e Luca Mao. "Invasive Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Are Not Affected by Different Land Uses in a Multi-Use, Mediterranean Climate Landscape". Fishes 3, n.º 4 (26 de setembro de 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes3040037.
Resumo:
Land use carries implications for freshwater fish conservation. Plantation forestry practices have been shown to have negative impacts on resident fish fauna, but little work has been conducted to assess these impacts on invasive vs. native fish populations. Ten headwater catchments in the Mediterranean climate zone of Chile were used to assess the impacts of land use (pine plantations vs. native forests) on fish condition (length-weight relationship) and abundance (catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE)) of the invasive trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and the threatened native catfish Nematogenys inermis. Negative impacts on trout condition were associated with a lack of canopy cover and river topology. The presence of N. inermis was associated with catchment factors less favourable to trout. Current environmental regulations and forestry management practices do not appear to create negative pressures on invasive trout from land use practices, despite expectations from the literature. Assessing how land use management regulations impact invasive and native fishes should be a part of species conservation and territorial planning.
33
Foran, Ian M., Vincent Hussey, Rushil A. Patel, Jaemyoung Sung e Sameer B. Shah. "Native paraneurial tissue and paraneurial adhesions alter nerve strain distribution in rat sciatic nerves". Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 43, n.º 3 (12 de outubro de 2017): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193417734433.
Resumo:
Paraneurial adhesions have been implicated in the pathological progression of entrapment neuropathies. Surgical decompression of adhesions is often performed, with the intent of restoring nerve kinematics. The normal counterpart of adhesions, native paraneurium, is also thought to influence nerve deformation and mobility. However, influences of native or abnormal paraneurial structures on nerve kinematics have not been investigated. We measured regional strains in rat sciatic nerves before and immediately after decompression of native paraneurial tissue, and before and after decompression of abnormal paraneurial adhesions, which formed within 6 weeks of the initial decompression. Strain was significantly higher in the distal-femoral than in the mid-femoral region of the nerve before either decompression. Decompression of native and abnormal paraneurial tissue removed this regional strain difference. Paraneurial tissues appear to play a major role in distributing peripheral nerve strain. Normal nerve strain distributions may be reconstituted following decompression, even in the presence of paraneurial adhesions.
34
Ayoun, Dalila. "Verb movement in French L2 acquisition". Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2, n.º 2 (agosto de 1999): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136672899900022x.
Resumo:
This study investigates the acquisition of verb movement phenomena in the interlanguage of English native speakers learning French as a second language. Participants (n=83), who were enrolled in three different classes, were given a grammaticality judgment task and a production task. The French native speakers' results (n=85) go against certain theoretical predictions for negation and adverb placement in nonfinite contexts, as well as for quantification at a distance. The production task results, but not the grammaticality judgment results, support the hypothesis that the effects of parameter resetting successfully appear in the interlanguage of adult L2 learners.
35
Valcic, Susanne, Gloria Montenegro, Ana-Maria Mujica, Guacolda Avila, Scott Franzblau, Maya P. Singh, William M. Maiese e Barbara N. Timmermann. "Phytochemical, Morphological, and Biological Investigations of Propolis from Central Chile". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 54, n.º 5-6 (1 de junho de 1999): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1999-5-617.
Resumo:
Abstract Propolis from Central Chile was investigated for its plant origin by microscopical analysis of pollen grains and leaf fragments found in the sample. The pollen grains that appear with significant higher frequency in the sample corresponded to four native and two introduced species, whereas leaf fragments corresponded to four native species. Seventeen phenolic com pounds that belong to the phenylpropane, benzaldehyde, dihydrobenzofuran, or benzopyran classes, were isolated from an organic extract that was found to have a moderate growth inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium avium , M. tuberculosis, and two strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The components responsible for activity were determined.
36
Schoennagel, Tania L., e Donald M. Waller. "Understory responses to fire and artificial seeding in an eastern Cascades Abies grandis forest, U.S.A." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, n.º 9 (15 de setembro de 1999): 1393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-120.
Resumo:
To mitigate erosion after fire, land managers often seed non-native grasses onto burned slopes. To assess how post-fire seeding affects plant recovery, we compared areas that were either unseeded or artificially seeded after high-intensity fire in a dry Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl. forest in the northeastern Cascades. Seeding with a mix of non-native grasses and a legume significantly reduced the cover of native plants and shifted patterns of relative abundance after 2 years. Although seeding did not significantly affect total cover or native species richness, it reduced overall native plant cover by 47%. Species that recolonize via wind-dispersed seeds (e.g., Epilobium angustifolium L., Lactuca serriola L., and Arenaria macrophylla Hook.), species with long-lived seeds that germinate after fire (e.g., Ceanothus velutinus Dougl.), and species with wide successional amplitudes that resprout after fire (e.g., Apocynum androsaemifolium L. and Salix scouleriana Barratt) all declined steeply in cover on seeded plots. In addition, conifer seedlings were only half as abundant on seeded plots. As seeding after fire does not boost total plant cover and limits conifer tree establishment on the study area, it appears to do little to reduce the risk of soil erosion. It also appears to inhibit native shrub and herb re-establishment. These substantial effects on native species appear to alter plant communities well beyond the life of the seeded species.
37
London, Nir, e Ora Schueler-Furman. "FunHunt: model selection based on energy landscape characteristics". Biochemical Society Transactions 36, n.º 6 (19 de novembro de 2008): 1418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0361418.
Resumo:
Protein folding and binding is commonly depicted as a search for the minimum energy conformation in a vast energy landscape. Indeed, modelling of protein complex structures by RosettaDock often results in a set of low-energy conformations near the native structure. Ensembles of low-energy conformations can appear, however, in other regions of the energy landscape, especially when backbone movements occur upon binding. What then characterizes the energy landscape near the correct orientation? We have applied a machine learning algorithm to distinguish ensembles of low-energy conformations around the native conformation from other low-energy ensembles. FunHunt, the resulting classifier, identified the native orientation for 50/52 protein complexes in a test set, and for all of 12 recent CAPRI targets. FunHunt is also able to choose the near-native orientation among models created by algorithms other than RosettaDock, demonstrating its general applicability for model selection. The features used by FunHunt teach us about the nature of native interfaces. Remarkably, the energy decrease of trajectories toward near-native orientations is significantly larger than for other orientations. This provides a possible explanation for the stability of association in the native orientation. The FunHunt approach, discriminating models based on ensembles of structures that map the nearby energy landscape, can be adapted and extended to additional tasks, such as ab initio model selection, protein interface design and specificity predictions.
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Wu, Rachel, Rebecca Nako, Jared Band, Jacquelyne Pizzuto, Yalda Ghoreishi, Gaia Scerif e Richard Aslin. "Rapid Attentional Selection of Non-native Stimuli despite Perceptual Narrowing". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, n.º 11 (novembro de 2015): 2299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00857.
Resumo:
Visual experiences increase our ability to discriminate environmentally relevant stimuli (native stimuli, e.g., human faces) at the cost of a reduced sensitivity to irrelevant or infrequent stimuli (non-native stimuli, e.g., monkey/ape faces)—a developmental progression known as perceptual narrowing. One possible source of the reduced sensitivity in distinguishing non-native stimuli (e.g., one ape face vs. another ape face) could be underspecified attentional search templates (i.e., working memory representations). To determine whether perceptual narrowing stems from underspecified attentional templates for non-native exemplars, this study used ERP (the N2pc component) and behavioral measures in a visual search task, where the target was either an exemplar (e.g., a specific ape face) or a category (e.g., any ape face). The N2pc component, an ERP marker of early attentional selection emerging at 200 msec poststimulus, is typically modulated by the specificity of the target and, therefore, by the attentional template—the N2pc is larger for specific items versus categories. In two experiments using both human and ape faces (i.e., native and non-native stimuli), we found that perceptual narrowing affects later response selection (i.e., manual RT and accuracy), but not early attentional selection relying on attentional templates (i.e., the N2pc component). Our ERP results show that adults deploy exemplar level attentional templates for non-native stimuli (as well as native stimuli), despite poor downstream behavioral performance. Our findings suggest that long-term previous experience with reduced exemplar level judgments (i.e., perceptual narrowing) does not appear to eliminate early attentional selection of non-native exemplars.
39
Whiteside, Erin. "Politics in the Toy Box: Sports Reporters, Native American Mascots, and the Roadblocks Preventing Change". International Journal of Sport Communication 9, n.º 1 (março de 2016): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2015-0072.
Resumo:
Numerous educational institutions and professional sports teams still use Native American mascots, despite strong opposition ranging from Native American groups to the American Psychological Association. Fans, community members, and teams defend the mascots by asserting that they honor Native American peoples. Sports journalists occupy a unique location in the debate, as they regularly cover teams with such mascots and commonly refer to them in stories. In light of this ongoing debate and pressure to change reporting practices, this research used a survey to examine sports reporters’ experiences and attitudes toward Native American mascots and their beliefs about the role they themselves should take in the public debate. Results show an overall lack of support for Native American mascots, with key differences based on participant race, job title, and belief in the value that sports bring to society. Furthermore, sports journalists appear to support taking a public stand on the issue but resist the idea of eliminating mascot references from stories. The author discusses the implications of these findings in light of the growing movement to ban these mascots, as well as the evolving role that sports journalists embody at the intersection of sports and social issues.
40
Ahmad, Nurfarahin, Nalini Arumugam e Kaarthiyaini Supramaniam. "A Study of the Speech Act of Complaining". International Journal of Modern Languages And Applied Linguistics 1, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v1i1.7616.
Resumo:
The present study aims to examine the speech act of complaining performed by consumers of a particular organisation by investigating the pragmatics strategies employed by the consumers in complaining. The behaviours of Malaysian non-native English speakers when making online complaints directed to an organisation is expected to have different approaches and preferences compared to complaints produced by native speakers of English. A case study approach was used in this qualitative study to investigate the preference of Malaysian non-native speakers of English language when making online complaints with respect to the components of the speech act set of complaining by analysing 50 online complaints, posted by 50 customers via www.complaintsboard.com. The results indicated that the component of complaining is found to be the most frequent in online complaints. Besides, it was also found that the complaints made by non-native speakers did not appear in isolation but accompanied by other components of speech act like criticism, justification, request for explanation, warning and threat and sarcasm. In addition, Malaysian non-native English speakers employed complaint strategy that lies under the third level of severity of complaint which means they produced the complaint by expressing it explicitly.
41
Cameron, Erin K., e Erin M. Bayne. "An experimental test of facilitation between non-native earthworms". Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2011): 1223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-102.
Resumo:
Invasional meltdowns, in which facilitation between species causes an accelerating increase in the number of introduced species or impacts, can cause large impacts in invaded systems. Earthworm invasion of northern forests has been suggested as a meltdown, with litter-dwelling species altering soil structure and facilitating mineral-soil or deep-burrowing earthworms that may be less capable of invading intact forest floors. We examined facilitation and synergistic effects of a litter-dwelling species ( Dendrobaena octaedra Savigny, 1826) and a deep-burrowing species ( Lumbricus terrestris L., 1758). Boreal forest soil cores were inoculated with D. octaedra, L. terrestris, both species, a higher density of L. terrestris, or no worms. After 4.5 months, we found no differences in survival or biomass between treatments for either species. Cocoon production did not differ for L. terrestris, but D. octaedra produced significantly fewer cocoons with L. terrestris. The two species had an additive effect on organic horizon depths and bulk densities. Thus, they did not appear to facilitate each other or have synergistic effects as would be predicted in an invasional meltdown.
42
Flanders, Aron A., William P. Kuvlesky, Donald C. Ruthven, Robert E. Zaiglin, Ralph L. Bingham, Timothy E. Fulbright, Fidel Hernández e Leonard A. Brennan. "Effects of Invasive Exotic Grasses on South Texas Rangeland Breeding Birds". Auk 123, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2006): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/123.1.171.
Resumo:
AbstractInvasive exotic plants are a major threat to many species of wild birds. When these plants become established and widespread, the floristic composition of native plant communities becomes simplified, which can result in long-term and often irreversible habitat degradation for birds and other animals. Until recently, few studies have focused on the effect of invasive exotic grasses on breeding birds in southwestern rangelands. During the 2001 and 2002 breeding seasons (May-June), we compared the abundance and species richness of breeding birds, native flora, and arthropods on South Texas rangeland plots dominated by native grasses and plots dominated by two invasive exotic grasses, Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana) and buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Native-grass cover was >400% greater on native-grass sites than on exotic-grass sites. Forb and grass species-richness were higher on native-grass sites. Shrub canopy cover, bare ground, and vegetation height measurements were similar on native-grass and exotic-grass sites. Overall bird abundance was 32% greater on native-grass sites than on exotic-grass sites. Lark Sparrows (Chondestes grammacus) were 73% more abundant on native-grass sites. Four other species—Black-throated Sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata), Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), and Cassin’s Sparrow (Aimophilla cassini)— were 26–70% more abundant on native-grass sites. The guild of birds that foraged on the ground under open brush canopies was almost twice as abundant on native-grass sites. Arthropod abundance was 60% greater on the native-grass site we sampled. Specifically, spiders, beetles, and ants were 42–83% more abundant on a native-grass site than on a buffelgrass site. Compared with rangelands dominated by native vegetation, areas dominated by Lehmann lovegrass and buffelgrass in South Texas appear to provide less suitable habitat for breeding birds, especially for bird species that forage on or near the ground.Efectos de Pastos Invasores Exóticos en las Aves que Nidifican en los Campos de Pastoreo del Sur de Texas
43
Patil, D. A., e S. B. Khairnar. "Plants Seem Prima Facie Indian But Alien In Origin: A Nomenclatural Chaos". Plantae Scientia 4, n.º 2 (22 de março de 2021): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v4i2.117-120.
Resumo:
The alien species, as the native ones, are assigned two names. These are based on choice of nomenclaturist. The nominclaturists are preforce been forced to adapt the scientific names in accordance with the rules and principles of ICN (International Code of Nomenclature) for uniformity and convenience internationally. The present authors could notice some plant taxa which by their names and on etymological analysis, prima facie, appear to be Indian species. The fact is, however, contrary. When select 26 such species were studied critically for their nativity consulting relevant literature, they turned out to be aliens. Maximum alien species belong to various parts of American continent, while other regions or countries are represented by a few or a single species each. The taxa which appear to be Indian but basically they are aliens, a new term ‘pseudo-native’ for them is proposed. The authors also pointed out necessity to have evaluation regarding exotic status of species of flora of a region for better management of plant-wealth in future.
44
Tyler, Andrea. "The Coconstruction of Cross-Cultural Miscommunication". Studies in Second Language Acquisition 17, n.º 2 (junho de 1995): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100014133.
Resumo:
This paper examines the sources of miscommunication in a videotaped tutoring session involving a native speaker of Korean and a native speaker of U.S. English. Analysis revealed an initial nonmutual interpretation of participant role and status. These divergent interpretations appear to have resulted from the Korean tutor's transfer of a Korean conversational routine, which he defined as involving polite speaker modesty, to the U.S. English context. The initial conflicting interpretations are maintained and solidified by additional mismatches in discourse management strategies, schema, and contextualization cues. The cumulative effect of these mismatches was the judgment on the part of each of the interlocutors that the other was uncooperative.
45
Planken, Brigitte, Frank Van Meurs e Karin Maria. "Do Errors Matter? The effects of actual and perceived L2 English errors in writing on native and non-native English speakers’ evaluations of the text, the writer and the persuasiveness of the text". International Journal of English Language Teaching 6, n.º 1 (20 de novembro de 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijelt.v6n1p1.
Resumo:
Building on studies of L1 error effects in writing, the present study aimed to gain further insight into thecommunicative consequences of actual and perceived L2 errors in writing by investigating their effects beyond theevaluation of text quality. No studies of L2 writing would appear to have investigated the impact of errors onperception of the author and communicative outcomes. We investigated the effect of L2 English errors in persuasivewriting on native and non-native English speakers’ evaluation of the text, of the author, and of the persuasiveness ofthe text. Selected, authentic, errors from a corpus of petitions written in English by Dutch native speakers wereincluded in a stimulus text. Two versions of the text were presented to (non-teacher) participants in a 2 (errors vs. noerrors) by 2 (native vs. non-native judges) between-subject experimental design. It was found that, while actual errorhad no effect on the participants’ evaluation of the text, the author, or the persuasiveness of the text, perceived error(that is, if participants thought the text contained errors) had a significant negative effect on text attractiveness andthe author’s trustworthiness, friendliness and competence. Thus, the findings would suggest that perceived errorplays an important role in how non-teacher judges evaluate a text and its author, and, more generally, that suchjudges would seem to use their own standards of correctness against which to judge writing and the writer, regardlessof whether the judges are native or non-native speakers.
46
Dai, Yaoyao, e Luwei Luqiu. "Camouflaged propaganda: A survey experiment on political native advertising". Research & Politics 7, n.º 3 (julho de 2020): 205316802093525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168020935250.
Resumo:
We examine a new form of propaganda, political native advertising, in which political actors, including foreign governments, buy space in independent media outlets to publish advertisements that are camouflaged as standard news stories. Those who engage in this form of propaganda hope to exploit the higher credibility of the hosting media site to enhance the persuasiveness of their message. Despite the obvious political implications and ethical issues at stake, political native advertising has received almost no scholarly attention. Our article begins to redress this imbalance. Using an online survey experiment with real political native advertisements in the Washington Post and The Telegraph bought by the Chinese government, we provide some of the first empirical evidence on basic but important features of political native advertising. We find, among other things, that respondents struggle to distinguish political advertisements from standard news stories regardless of their level of education and media literacy, that political advertisements are more convincing if they appear on and are perceived as news from an independent hosting media site than in a government-controlled news outlet, and that trust in the hosting media site declines if the political advertisement is detected.
47
Butcher, Kristin F., e Anne Morrison Piehl. "Recent Immigrants: Unexpected Implications for Crime and Incarceration". ILR Review 51, n.º 4 (julho de 1998): 654–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399805100406.
Resumo:
This analysis of data from the 5% 1980 and 1990 Public Use Microdata Samples shows that among 18–40-year-old men in the United States, immigrants were less likely than the native-born to be institutionalized (that is, in correctional facilities, mental hospitals, or other institutions), and much less likely to be institutionalized than native-born men with similar demographic characteristics. Furthermore, earlier immigrants were more likely to be institutionalized than were more recent immigrants. Although all immigrant cohorts appear to have assimilated toward the higher institutionalization rates of the native-born as their time in the country increased, the institutionalization rates of recent immigrants did not increase as quickly as would be predicted from the experience of earlier immigrant cohorts. These results contradict what one would predict from the literature on immigrant earnings, which suggests that more recent immigrants have worse permanent labor market characteristics than earlier immigrants.
48
Ward, David L., e Chester R. Figiel. "Behaviors of Southwestern Native Fishes in Response to Introduced Catfish Predators". Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 4, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 2013): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/092012-jfwm-084.
Resumo:
Abstract Native fishes reared in hatcheries typically suffer high predation mortality when stocked into natural environments. We evaluated the behavior of juvenile bonytail Gila elegans, roundtail chub Gila robusta, razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus, and Sonora sucker Catostomus insignis in response to introduced channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris. Our laboratory tests indicate these species did not inherently recognize catfish as a threat, but they can quickly (within 12 h) change their behavior in response to a novel predator paired with the sight and scent of a dead conspecific. Chubs appear to avoid predation by swimming away from the threat, whereas suckers reduced movement. Effects of antipredator conditioning on survival of fish reared in hatcheries is unknown; however, our results suggest some native fish can be conditioned to recognize introduced predators, which could increase poststocking survival.
49
Greenblatt, H. M., H. Feinberg, P. A. Tucker e G. Shoham. "Carboxypeptidase A: Native, Zinc-Removed and Mercury-Replaced Forms". Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 54, n.º 3 (1 de maio de 1998): 289–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444997010445.
Resumo:
The crystal structure of the zinc-containing exopeptidase bovine carboxypeptidase A (CPA) has been refined to high resolution, based on a data set collected from a single crystal, incorporating new sequence information based on cloning of the bovine gene. In addition, new refined structures are available for the zinc-removed form of the enzyme, apo-CPA, as well as the mercury-replaced form, Hg-CPA. The native structure reveals that the zinc-bound water molecule does not appear to be more loosely bound than the rest of the zinc ligands, at least when B factor values are considered. Nor is there any evidence for a secondary location of this water molecule. The apo-enzyme structure does not show any density in the place of the removed zinc ion. The only significant change appears to be a χ2 rotation of one zinc histidine ligand to form an ion-pair interaction with a glutamic acid side chain. The structure of Hg-CPA reveals a solvent tris molecule bound to the mercury cation, as well as an unidentified cation bound to Glu270. The location of this cation agrees with previous proposals for the binding site of inhibitory zinc. These observations may explain some of the differences in kinetics observed in metal-replaced CPA.
50
Irastorza, Nahikari, e Iñaki Peña-Legazkue. "Immigrant Entrepreneurship and Business Survival during Recession: Evidence from a Local Economy". Journal of Entrepreneurship 27, n.º 2 (24 de julho de 2018): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971355718781248.
Resumo:
Empirical evidence suggests that immigrants appear to be more entrepreneurially active than native people. While the formation of new firms by immigrants has been widely studied, the literature about the performance of these new ventures created by immigrants after their inception remains scarce and anecdotal. This study sheds light on firm-internal and firm-external factors that affect the life expectancy of new firms created by immigrants within a local economy during a period of recession, when the creation of firms is particularly important. The results show that immigrant entrepreneurs are more likely to quit their businesses earlier than their native counterparts. We argue that this may be partially explained by the liability of foreignness faced by immigrants.