Artigos de revistas: "Shift of responsibility"

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Affolter, Laura. "The Responsibility to Prevent Future Harm". Journal of Legal Anthropology 4, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2020): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jla.2020.040205.

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Through the example of legal resistance to mining in Ecuador, this article explores the shift towards suing states rather than corporations. Key to ongoing resistance struggles is the allocation of preventive responsibility to ‘the state’ through the filing of constitutional lawsuits. I show how both the shift from the ‘politics of space’ to a ‘politics of time’ and a shift in the imaginary of the state contribute to claims of responsibility being increasingly directed at states. The article inquires into the effects of the temporal reversal from assessing past harm (and ruling retrospectively) to assessing the likelihood of future scenarios in order to prevent future harm. Finally, I address the limits of such allocation of responsibility, showing that while constitutional lawsuits are political attempts to challenge the government’s economic programme and disrupt the logic of global capitalism, many powerful policy-shaping actors remain beyond the law’s reach.

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Avery, Gayle. "Top leaders shift their thinking on corporate social responsibility". Strategy & Leadership 45, n.º 3 (15 de maio de 2017): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sl-03-2017-0030.

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Kukathas, Chandran. "Responsibility for Past Injustice: How to Shift the Burden". Politics, Philosophy & Economics 2, n.º 2 (junho de 2003): 165–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x03002002002.

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Jacob, Cecilia. "State Responsibility and Prevention in the Responsibility to Protect". Global Responsibility to Protect 7, n.º 1 (22 de maio de 2015): 56–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00701004.

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This article responds to the 2013 un Secretary General’s (unsg) annual report on the Responsibility to Protect (r2p), titled ‘State Responsibility and Prevention’. The orientation of r2p as a tool for addressing risk factors for atrocity crimes in domestic contexts indicates a conceptual deepening and widening of r2p to provide states with an atrocity prevention lens within their jurisdiction. This article examines state policies and practices of protecting civilians during communal violence in India, arguing that progress on the First Pillar of r2p necessitates a conceptual shift at both the international level and at the domestic level. The politics surrounding communal violence in India provides an important case study to question the salience of r2p norms for domestic practices of state responsibility and prevention that are currently being promoted in the unsg agenda on r2p, and considers the implications this report has for states committed to a narrow interpretation of r2p.

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Paige, Danielle L. "Allocation of Responsibility for Medication Errors". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, n.º 10 (setembro de 2002): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601006.

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This study was designed to assess perceptions of responsibility for consumer safety while using prescription medication. Twenty-five university students were presented with four scenarios depicting an adverse outcome due to negligence involving the administration of a prescription medication. Responsibility could be assigned to the physician, the pharmacist, or the consumer (patient). Scenarios were framed either with no information regarding who committed the error, a physician error, or a patient error. The consumer was given significantly more responsibility overall, mean = 54.59 percent for consumer, compared to 34.48 percent for physician. The percent responsibility allocated to the pharmacist was not a focus of this study as its mean allocation was small, mean = 10.92, and did not vary with experimental manipulations. The shift in responsibility assigned to the consumer when the scenario highlighted consumer error was significantly greater than the corresponding shift in responsibility assigned to the physician in the physician condition.

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van Baalen, Sophie, e Mieke Boon. "An epistemological shift: from evidence-based medicine to epistemological responsibility". Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 21, n.º 3 (13 de novembro de 2014): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jep.12282.

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Lausevic, Savo. "Being and responsibility". Filozofija i drustvo, n.º 21 (2003): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid0321087l.

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Drawing on Levinas, the author seeks to explore the question of being and responsibility, as a relation between ontology and ethics, from the perspective of a meta-position that would enable a critique of the classical West European ontological tradition with its strongly cosmocentric, anthropocentric, and egocentric character. The main purpose of the paper is to examine whether there is in West European thought a possibility to found the ethics of responsibility on overcoming the ontology of being. More precisely, the author seeks to show that in contemporary Western philosophy the significance and validity of the classical ontological principle are declining when it gets separated from the ethos of philosophy itself. Moreover, a gradual shift from the impersonal being to the ontology of the personality takes place. This ontology of the personality is grounded in the Other. It withdraws from the game of consciousness which represents being. The personality thus understood, in Levinas' words, carries within itself vested responsibility, because in the personality there lie the infinite and transcendence.

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Reichenbach, Alexandra, Angela Costello, Peter Zatka-Haas e Jörn Diedrichsen. "Mechanisms of responsibility assignment during redundant reaching movements". Journal of Neurophysiology 109, n.º 8 (15 de abril de 2013): 2021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01052.2012.

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When the two hands act together to achieve a goal, the redundancy of the system makes it necessary to distribute the responsibility for error corrections across the two hands. In an experiment in which participants control a single cursor with the movements of both hands, we show that right-handed individuals correct for movement errors more with their nondominant left hand than with their right hand, even though the dominant right hand corrects the same errors more quickly and efficiently when each hand acts in isolation. By measuring the responses to rapid cursor and target displacements using force channels, we demonstrate that this shift is due to a modulation of the feedback gains of each hand rather than to a shift in the onset of the corrective response. We also show that the shift toward left-hand corrections is more pronounced for errors that lead to adaptation (cursor displacements) than for perturbations that do not (target displacements). This finding provides some support for the idea that the motor system assigns the correction to the most likely source of the error to induce learning and to optimize future performance. Finally, we find that the relative strength of the feedback corrections in the redundant task correlates positively with those found for the nonredundant tasks. Thus the process of responsibility assignment modulates the processes that normally determine the gains of feedback correction rather than completely overwriting them.

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Falk, Barbara J., e Sara M. Skinner. "The Responsibility to Protect: A Normative Shift from Words to Action?" International Peacekeeping 23, n.º 3 (4 de abril de 2016): 493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2016.1159773.

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Arnold, Mark, Ian Kerridge e Paul Komesaroff. "Watching the Responsibility Clock: Medical Care, Ethics, and Medical Shift Work". American Journal of Bioethics 16, n.º 9 (29 de julho de 2016): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2016.1197345.

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Navickas, Valentinas, Rima Kontautiene, Jurgita Stravinskiene e Yuriy Bilan. "Paradigm shift in the concept of corporate social responsibility: COVID-19". Green Finance 3, n.º 2 (2021): 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/gf.2021008.

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Furnari, Marianna Gensabella. "The Covid-19 Pandemic and the Bioethics of Care". Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Bioethica 66, Special Issue (9 de setembro de 2021): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbbioethica.2021.spiss.02.

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"The lecture illustrates how three fundamental dimensions of the human condition (vulnerability, interdependence, uncertainty), highlighted by the pandemic, are also at the root of the bioethics of care. In the first model proposed by Warren T. Reich, the bioethics of care is, in fact, based on Heidegger’s concept of Care and its link with vulnerability. It is proposed that two fundamental principles that remain implicit in the bioethics of care derive from this link: the principle of responsibility and the principle of solidarity. In the first part of the lecture, the theme-problem of preparedness is viewed in light of the principle of responsibility. Dwelling on Hans Jonas’s ideas on responsibility, I examine the duty of fore-seeing and its implications: the heuristics of fear, the difficulty of the shift from individual to collective responsibility, ultimately opposing the parental paradigm of responsibility proposed by Jonas with the paradigm of fraternity. In the second part, the relationship of interdependence between individual health and public health is examined, highlighting the marked inequalities that remain. Starting with some reflections on the principle of solidarity and its relationship with responsibility, the shift from the “fact” of interdependence to the ethical principle of solidarity is retraced, also through the rereading of an opinion issued by Italy’s National Bioethics Council (CNB) in 2020. This shift is seen in conclusion as both utopian and necessary if we are to re-interpret the pandemic emergency as a crisis that may result in a new beginning. "

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Arvidsson, Susanne. "Corporate social responsibility and stock market actors: a comprehensive study". Social Responsibility Journal 10, n.º 2 (27 de maio de 2014): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-08-2012-0099.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyse the views stock market actors have on corporate communication of corporate social responsibility (CSR) information grounded on legitimacy and stakeholder theory. Recent findings suggest that management teams experience an increased interest and demand for CSR information from the actors on the stock market and that this underlie a focus shift. This is quite astonishing considering that the interest from just stock market actors in CSR information always has been meagre. However, due to lack of recent studies, it has not been confirmed that de facto there has been a trend shift among stock market actors towards an increased interest in CSR information. Design/methodology/approach – The data are derived from in-depth semi-structured interviews with financial analysts at international investment banks. Findings – The study confirms that the focus shift is not at all driven by the actors in the stock market. Quite the opposite. They express mistrust towards this information and a continued meagre interest in it. Research limitations/implications – Findings from the study suggest the need for more research on how different stakeholders view CSR information. It also opens up for discussions on regulations concerning CSR information. Practical implications – The findings imply that management teams might have deluded themselves and become victim to what Christensen and Cheney (2000) refer to as self-seduces, i.e. seeing things that are not really there. The findings might also indicate an enlargement of the stakeholder perspective. Thus, a subtle shift from a bilateral relationship (company – shareholders) towards a multilateral set of relationships (company – stakeholders) camouflaged under the justification from management teams that the increased interest comes from the stock market. Originality/value – The study contributes to the scarce research on how actors in the stock market view CSR. The findings are of interest and relevance to the business and academic communities in their ongoing quest of unravelling the core of CSR and business ethics.

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FENSTAD, JENS ERIK. "Science between freedom and responsibility". European Review 11, n.º 3 (julho de 2003): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798703000358.

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The post Second World War period was a good time for modern science-driven technology; it had played a decisive part in the allied victory and now it was to be harnessed to the task of postwar reconstruction, promoting increased welfare, better health and improved security. But there were also misgivings related to the freedom in the conduct of science. Could science be freely pursued under the terms of a social contract so inextricably intertwined with national security concerns? After the end of the Cold War, new concerns emerged. The security element in the old contract had acquired a new meaning and was now understood in the sense of a protected environment, safe living conditions and future sustainability. Previously, science was the problem solver. Now science came to be seen as a major source of the problems. We have seen a shift from issues of freedom and trust to questions of responsibility and accountability. How should science respond?

15

Potocan, Vojko. "Technology and Corporate Social Responsibility". Sustainability 13, n.º 15 (3 de agosto de 2021): 8658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158658.

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This study examined the importance of technologies in advancing modern organizations’ corporate social responsibility (CSR). Drawing upon environmentalist and technological theories, we analyzed the shift from the traditional development of technology to the development of sustainable technologies for the further sustainable advancement of organizations. Technology has decisively influenced the development of humankind, but its research has traditionally excluded sustainable development issues. Newer technological visions have addressed the incorporation of technologies in all industries more comprehensively to solve social issues related to environmental protection and sustainable economic development. Such an orientation is followed by several conceptual solutions, such as the sustainable use of traditional technologies, development of sustainable technologies, and interdisciplinary treatment of sustainable technology to extend the CSR model. The results of our study have theoretical implications, highlighting the effects of technological development and new technologies on the course of further societal sustainable development. Practical implications include extending CSR’s Triple Bottom model with a technological dimension to improve organizations’ further sustainable operating and behavior.

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P R, Aneesha. "Responsibility to Accountability: A Paradigm shift in business and human rights interface". International Journal of Human Rights and Constitutional Studies 6, n.º 4 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhrcs.2019.10021810.

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Aneesha, P. R. "Responsibility to accountability: a paradigm shift in business and human rights interface". International Journal of Human Rights and Constitutional Studies 6, n.º 4 (2019): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhrcs.2019.102484.

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Mickleson, Gavyn, Vinh V. Thai e Zaheed Halim. "The Influence of Responsibility Shift on Warehousing Performance: The Case of Australia". Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics 35, n.º 1 (março de 2019): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsl.2019.03.002.

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Amaeshi, Kenneth, Emmanuel Adegbite, Chris Ogbechie, Uwafiokun Idemudia, Konan Anderson Seny Kan, Mabumba Issa e Obianuju I. J. Anakwue. "Corporate Social Responsibility in SMEs: A Shift from Philanthropy to Institutional Works?" Journal of Business Ethics 138, n.º 2 (31 de março de 2015): 385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2633-1.

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Hobbins, Jennifer. "Young Long-term Unemployed and the Individualization of Responsibility". Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies 6, n.º 2 (17 de junho de 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v6i2.4965.

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In Sweden, as in most Western societies, a common belief is that unemployment is somehow linked to the individual, her lack of work ethic, or other personal shortcomings rather than to structural causes. This is not only manifested in public arenas such as the media or political debates but also in our social surroundings. In recent years, these views have gained importance, indicating a shift in the location of responsibilities from the welfare state to the individual. This shift entails high demands and expectations on unemployed people and is something they have to deal with and relate to. One of the most exposed groups is young long-term unemployed. The aim of this article is to highlight how the discourse of individualized responsibility is reflected in unemployed peoples’ stories, and to shed light on the ways in which young long-term unemployed adults relate to and position themselves toward this discourse. Based on 18 qualitative interviews with young Swedish long-term unemployed people, the findings show three approaches to the discourse: conformity, distancing, and resistance.

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Hobbins, Jennifer. "Young Long-term Unemployed and the Individualization of Responsibility". Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies 6, n.º 2 (17 de junho de 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v6i2.4971.

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In Sweden, as in most Western societies, a common belief is that unemployment is somehow linked to the individual, her lack of work ethic, or other personal shortcomings rather than to structural causes. This is not only manifested in public arenas such as the media or political debates but also in our social surroundings. In recent years, these views have gained importance, indicating a shift in the location of responsibilities from the welfare state to the individual. This shift entails high demands and expectations on unemployed people and is something they have to deal with and relate to. One of the most exposed groups is young long-term unemployed. The aim of this article is to highlight how the discourse of individualized responsibility is reflected in unemployed peoples’ stories, and to shed light on the ways in which young long-term unemployed adults relate to and position themselves toward this discourse. Based on 18 qualitative interviews with young Swedish long-term unemployed people, the findings show three approaches to the discourse: conformity, distancing, and resistance.

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Melander, Goran. "Responsibility for Examining an Asylum Request". International Migration Review 20, n.º 2 (junho de 1986): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000205.

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Parallel to the influx of asylum seekers during the 1980s, xenophobic tendencies have been witnessed in certain Western European countries. While directed at all foreigners, these tendencies sometimes have led to restrictive practices or methods which include both denying that asylum seekers qualify as refugees, so they may be sent home more easily, and shifting the responsibility for examining asylum claims to other countries. An analysis of the increasingly restrictive practices regarding the granting of asylum and the concept of a refugee is a complicated task, which requires a detailed investigation of the jurisprudence in a number of countries. This article, however, will not concentrate on an analysis of jurisprudence regarding asylum but rather on the tendency of various states to shift the responsibility for examining asylum requests to another country.

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Brown, R. C. H., H. Maslen e J. Savulescu. "Responsibility, prudence and health promotion". Journal of Public Health 41, n.º 3 (11 de julho de 2018): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy113.

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Abstract This article considers the role of responsibility in public health promotion. Efforts to tackle non-communicable diseases which focus on changing individual behaviour and reducing risk factor exposure sometimes invoke individual responsibility for adopting healthy lifestyles. We provide a critical discussion of this tendency. First, we outline some key distinctions in the philosophical literature on responsibility, and indicate how responsibility is incorporated into health promotion policies in the UK. We argue that the use of some forms of responsibility in health promotion is inappropriate. We present an alternative approach to understanding how individuals can ‘take responsibility’ for their health, based on the concept of prudence (i.e. acting in one’s interests). In this discussion, we do not prescribe or proscribe specific health promotion policies. Rather, we encourage public health professionals to consider how underlying assumptions (in this case, relating to responsibility) can shape health promotion policy, and how alternative framings (such as a shift from encouraging individual responsibility to facilitating prudence) may justify different kinds of action, for instance, shaping environments to make healthy behaviours easier, rather than using education as a tool to encourage responsible behaviour.

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Valackienė, Asta, e Diana Micevičienė. "PROMOTING SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS AT ENTERPRISE LEVEL: THEORETICAL APPROACH". Journal of Business Economics and Management 16, n.º 3 (2 de outubro de 2013): 558–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2012.745814.

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The paper highlights theoretical construct of the new methodological approach presenting the interaction between the corporate social responsibility and the performance of the sustainable enterprise, through the introduction of the methodological framework of the diagnosis of corporate social responsibility motivations at the level of a firm seeking to sustain. Acting without knowing all (or at least enough) the answers may mean that we purposely shift our focus to those areas where possible solutions do not emerge. However, entrepreneurship as a phenomenon entailing risk and high levels in daily activities is an engine by profit-seeking motives. It shows the complexity of the scientific research object that brings meaningful input into the analysis of the promotion of socially responsible business. This paper aims at discussing and presenting critical reviews of enterprise's commitment to corporate social responsibility with emphasis on methodological positions in its promotion. This implicates a shift from the pure stakeholder perspective of maximizing profits thought introduction of enterprise – level interventions in promoting socially responsible business.

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Dai, Weidong. "V-Shaped Responsibility of China’s Social Welfare for the Elderly: Based on Analyzing Historical Evolution and Future Sustainability". Sustainability 11, n.º 8 (22 de abril de 2019): 2385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082385.

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The aim of this study was to explore the evolution of aging support in China. The findings showed that (1) aging support from 1949–1977 emphasized the responsibility of the family and enterprises; (2) from 1978–2000, government and market responsibility emerged with the shift from a planned economy to a market-oriented economy; and (3) from 2001 onward, a development of social welfare for the elderly was undertaken by the government, but this includes a shared responsibility involving the market, society, family, and individuals. Based on these findings, the responsibility for aging support formed a dynamic V-shaped welfare evolution. This V-shaped welfare responsibility, especially in family support, is sustainable in China and other similar countries around the world.

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Kapust, Antje. "Verantwortung angesichts humanbiologischer Herausforderungen". Labyrinth 18, n.º 1 (7 de setembro de 2016): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.25180/lj.v18i1.38.

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With the advancement of the new biotechnologies the problem of responsibility is becoming particularly acute. Instead of giving an own definition of responsibility, the author proposes to take it as a heuristic concept based on some Husserlian ideas developed in the Krisis. This ideas, which have some similarity with Jonas' principle of responsibility, are: first, responsibility as care for the vulnerable, second, responsibility in the context of a horizon of possibilities, and, third, responsibility for the own prerequisites as human being. By applying the hermeneutics of suspicion to some current issues, the author argues that the biotechnological revolution comes along with a shift of the cultures of recognition onto cultures of consumption. On the base of different arguments used in the biotechnological debates (arguments of status, of action relevance, of moral and right), three types of responsibility are revealed: the aporetic, the consecutive, and the quasi-hermeneutical responsibility, which enables a final controversy about their deficiency.

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De Vries, Catherine E., e Hector Solaz. "Sweeping it under the rug: How government parties deal with deteriorating economic conditions". Party Politics 25, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2019): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068818816967.

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Party competition in advanced industrial democracies is generally characterized as a two-dimensional space consisting of an economic and non-economic dimension. This study examines (a) the extent to which parties strategically place more emphasis on one of these dimensions vis-à-vis the other, something we coin relative emphasis, and (b) the extent to which voters perceive such shifts in relative emphasis. Our specific focus here is on government parties. We expect government parties to shift emphasis away from the economic to the non-economic dimension when economic conditions deteriorate. In doing so, they aim to reduce the importance voters attach to the economy and the degree to which voters attribute responsibility for the economy to the government. By combining expert data for 232 parties with survey data for roughly 30,000 individuals in 28 European countries in 2014, our analysis shows that while government parties generally pay more attention to the economic dimension, they shift attention to the non-economic dimension when economic conditions deteriorate. In contexts where government parties have shifted attention away from the economic to the non-economic dimension, voters overall attach less importance to the economy and attribute less responsibility to the government for the state of the economy.

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Smith, Katherine Taken. "Longitudinal Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility on Company Websites". Business and Professional Communication Quarterly 80, n.º 1 (6 de fevereiro de 2017): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329490616686957.

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As social issues increase, so does the scope of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Companies are expanding their CSR activities and making the terminology used to describe them more specific. This study compares website content of Fortune 500 companies in 2015 with content collected in 2011. Traditionally, two CSR issues have been the dominant focus on company websites: community and environment. Findings reveal that these terms have decreased in usage and new terms have emerged, such as supply chain and volunteer involvement. A shift has occurred that business practitioners will find helpful in communicating CSR initiatives.

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McDiarmid, Claire. "An Age of Complexity: Children and Criminal Responsibility in Law". Youth Justice 13, n.º 2 (agosto de 2013): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225413492056.

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This article examines the age of criminal responsibility in law. It argues that the fair imputation of criminal responsibility requires understanding of a number of interlinked concepts, including knowledge of wrongfulness, understanding of criminality and its consequences and an internalized moral appreciation of the quality of the conduct. Taken together, alongside the child’s psychological development and lived experience, the matter is complex. Development from baby to adulthood also involves a shift from dependence to autonomy. The age of criminal responsibility must be set so as properly to take into account both the underlying complexity and the acquisition of autonomy.

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Epstein, Rachel, e Martin Rhodes. "From governance to government: Banking union, capital markets union and the new EU". Competition & Change 22, n.º 2 (15 de janeiro de 2018): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024529417753017.

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European banking union and Capital markets union have emerged as two of the key pillars of European integration since the post-2008 financial crisis. Neither were anticipated prior to the financial crisis, nor was the rapidity of their construction. Both imply the same critical shifts in Europe’s institutional political economy. The first relocates national oversight and authority to supranational institutions (a political shift), while the second increases the power and responsibility of market actors by reducing national controls (an economic shift). If banking union aims to break the hold of national governments over banking entities to foster a less fragmented and more efficient European union banking market, capital markets union aims to remove national-level impediments to a single market for capital in which jurisdictional differences are minimized, investor freedoms maximized and business gains access to a greater range of financial resources.

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d’Aspremont, Jean. "International Responsibility and the Constitution of Power". International Organizations Law Review 12, n.º 2 (27 de abril de 2015): 382–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01202006.

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This article contests mainstream accounts of international responsibility and argues that the act of subjecting certain forms of conduct to the regime of international responsibility has a constitutive dimension. It argues that international responsibility constitutes, rather than constrains, power. More than legal personality, it is international responsibility that makes international organizations huge hubs of power. This article starts with some introductory remarks on the extent to which responsibility ought to be understood as a set of formal modes of legal reasoning through which the determination and allocation of the burden of compensation is debated, as well as a few reminders of the political choices that informed the design of its main formal modes of legal reasoning. After showing how the rules regarding the responsibility of States are constitutive of the power of States, attention turns to the claim that the regime of responsibility of international organizations similarly constitutes the power of international organizations and their member States. This article ends with some remarks on the divergent constitutive roles of personality and responsibility, and on the consequences of a shift in perspective from accountability to power in studies on international responsibility.

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Warren, Danielle E. "Corporate Scandals and Spoiled Identities: How Organizations Shift Stigma to Employees". Business Ethics Quarterly 17, n.º 03 (julho de 2007): 477–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq200717347.

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ABSTRACT:I apply stigma-management strategies to corporate scandals and expand on past research by (a) describing a particular type of stigma management strategy that involves accepting responsibility while denying it, (b) delineating types of stigma that occur in scandals (demographic versus character), and (c) considering the moral implications of shifting stigmas that arise from scandals. By emphasizing the distinction between character and demographic stigma, I make progress in evaluating the moral implications of shifting different types of stigma.

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Gabriel, E. "S36-02 - The shift of responsibility in the care system during the last decades". European Psychiatry 25 (2010): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(10)70076-6.

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Petcharamesree, Sriprapha. "asean Human Rights Regime and Mainstreaming the Responsibility to Protect: Challenges and Prospects". Global Responsibility to Protect 8, n.º 2-3 (24 de maio de 2016): 133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00803004.

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This article explores the challenges and prospects of mainstreaming RtoP in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (asean) through the analysis of the roles and performance of the asean human rights bodies, in particular the asean Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (aichr). The author argues that although asean has made some progress in institutionalizing the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, it will take more time for asean to mark substantial shift in intra-asean relations and suggests that, in Southeast Asia where sovereignty is still jealously guarded, norms and ideas such as RtoP cannot yet have a decisive impact in practice. Specifically, mainstreaming RtoP in asean is constrained by the principles of non-interference and consensus decision-making, which unfortunately remains the norm. In order for asean to effectively care for people, a paradigm shift is necessary. Such shift can be anchored in the asean Human Rights Declaration (ahdr) as well as employing the ‘asean minus X’ decision-making formula, activating the Troika, and dispatching of special envoys. These options, which are not new to asean and have historically helped in its engagement with human rights, could also enable asean to prevent and respond to systematic human rights violations and other issues which may amount to war crimes. As well, promoting national and regional dialogues on RtoP could influence asean member states, especially those who are not yet comfortable with the principle. Different workshops and seminars that the aichr has been organizing already provide the body opportunities for sharing and learning from other regions.

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Sobczak, André. "Corporate social responsibility: from labour law to consumer law". Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 10, n.º 3 (agosto de 2004): 401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890401000307.

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Corporate social responsibility (CRS) modifies the balance between different branches of law. Indeed, CSR instruments are indicative of the inroads made by commercial and consumer law into the field of labour relations. This paper argues that this shift from labour law to consumer law is not neutral and has more than a purely theoretical impact. It means not only that the existing law is more likely to protect consumers (in Europe or North America) than workers (in developing countries). It may lead to conflicts of interest between the company's different stakeholders, especially between workers and consumers, and also to a selective form of labour regulation, since consumer pressure affects only some companies and some social rights while neglecting others.

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Carvalho, Daniel Campos de, e Letícia Rizzotti Lima. "Protection or Interference? The Legitimacy of Contemporary Humanitarian Interventions and the Engagement of Nonhegemonic Powers". Contexto Internacional 42, n.º 2 (agosto de 2020): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2019420200003.

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Abstract In this article, we use the notion of legitimacy to analyse shifts in global humanitarian interventions since the 1990s, culminating in the contested adoption of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) framework under the United Nationsumbrella in 2005. We assess how this important shift was disputed with narratives of protection and interference, and argue that the engagement of nonhegemonic actors (specifically Brazil and Russia) with the scope of humanitarian protection has influenced the substantive legitimacy of this global governance issue over the past three decades by creating a norm-making process in which the fundamental features of humanitarianism have been tested and challenged.

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Lemke, Thomas. "Molekulare Medizin?" PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 33, n.º 132 (1 de setembro de 2003): 471–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v33i132.662.

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Politicians and scientists claim that today we live in an era of molecnlar medicine in which genetic knowledge will become more and more relevant for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of many diseases. This contribution analyses one central element in this alleged paradigm shift: the concept "genetic disease". It points to some serious limitations and flaws of the current usage of the notion "genetic disease" and stresses the performative and strategic dimension of molecular medicine. The search for genetic causes for diseases aligns with the contemporary political context that increasingly shifts responsibility for human misfortune and misery from social conditions to the individual.

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English, Lyn D. "Promoting a Problem-Posing Classroom". Teaching Children Mathematics 4, n.º 3 (novembro de 1997): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.4.3.0172.

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Children have traditionally solved our problems—problems that we think will be of interest and relevance to them. We need to shift some of this responsibility to students and let them pose problems that they consider to be worthwhile pursuing.

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Gara, Reply. "THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE ON COMPANY PROFITABILITY AND REPUTATION: EVIDENCE OF LISTED FIRMS IN INDONESIA". ACCOUNTABILITY 9, n.º 1 (5 de março de 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/ja.28175.9.1.2020.8-15.

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Corporate social responsibility or later abbreviated to CSR has become a trend and a hot topic that is widely discussed in Indonesia. Business practices in the past that tended to have a negative impact, made the discourse on corporate social responsibility or CSR. There seems to be a paradigm shift from being initially profit oriented, where any activity must be viewed from the point of adding financial benefits or not, becoming more concernedtowards socially responsible responsibilities. This topic became even more interesting with the enactment of Law no. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, (UUPT) as of August 16, 2007, has given rise to a variety of controversies and disagreements. The resultsshow thatcorporate social responsibility disclosure is significant on profitability (ROA) ofhigh profile, but not significant on low profile firms. The Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure is significant on profitability (ROE) of high profile and low profile firms. The Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure is significant on reputation of high profile and low profile firms.

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Rolfe, Steve. "Governance and Governmentality in Community Participation: The Shifting Sands of Power, Responsibility and Risk". Social Policy and Society 17, n.º 4 (30 de outubro de 2017): 579–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746417000410.

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Community participation has become an essential element of government policy around the globe in recent decades. This move towards ‘government through community’ has been presented as an opportunity for citizens to gain power and as a necessary part of the shift from government to governance, enabling states and communities to tackle complex problems in tandem. However, it has also been critiqued as an attempt to shift responsibility from the state onto communities. Using evidence from detailed case studies, this article examines the implementation of Localism in England and Community Empowerment in Scotland. The findings suggest a need for a more nuanced analysis of community participation policy, incorporating risk alongside responsibility and power, as well as considering the agency of communities and the local state. Furthermore, understanding the constraints on community participation is key, particularly in terms of the enveloping impacts of austerity and state retrenchment.

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Kingston, Lindsey N., e Saheli Datta. "Strengthening the Norms of Global Responsibility: Structural Violence in Relation to Internal Displacement and Statelessness". Global Responsibility to Protect 4, n.º 4 (2012): 475–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00404005.

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Norms of global responsibility have changed significantly since the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), and today’s international community critically considers responsibilities within and beyond state borders, as evidenced by the adoption of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine. From this starting point, protection must be extended to large populations susceptible to structural violence – social harms resulting from the pervasive and persistent impact of economic, political and cultural violence in societies. In order to show the potential of expanded conceptions of global responsibility, this article proceeds as follows: First, a discussion of the evolving concepts of responsibility outlines a shift in thinking about sovereignty that creates a multilayered system of responsibility. This section defines key concepts and highlights an ‘unbundled R2P’ framework for approaching structural violence. Second, an overview of two vulnerable populations – internally displaced persons (IDPs) and the stateless – illustrates that large-scale cases of state abuse and neglect are not limited to acts of physical violence, and that pervasive structural violence requires further attention from the international community. Lastly, recommendations are provided for expanding the scope of global responsibility in order to assist the internally displaced and the stateless. These recommendations address who is responsible, when global responsibility is warranted, and how such responsibility should be implemented.

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Jovancevic, B. "INFLUENCE OF NIGHT SHIFT LABOR AT HIGH RESPONSIBILITY JOB ON BLOOD PRESSURE LEVELS: PP.14.26". Journal of Hypertension 28 (junho de 2010): e256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000378952.31490.65.

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CHERUVALATH, Reena. "NEED FOR A SHIFT FROM A PHILANTHROPIC TO A HUMANISTIC APPROACH TO CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY". Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 88, n.º 1 (29 de agosto de 2016): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apce.12146.

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Shahvisi, Arianne. "Towards responsible ejaculations: the moral imperative for male contraceptive responsibility". Journal of Medical Ethics 46, n.º 5 (27 de março de 2020): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105800.

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In this paper, I argue that men should take primary responsibility for protecting against pregnancy. Male long-acting reversible contraceptives are currently in development, and, once approved, should be used as the standard method for avoiding pregnancy. Since women assume the risk of pregnancy when they engage in penis-in-vagina sex, men should do their utmost to ensure that their ejaculations are responsible, otherwise women shoulder a double burden of pregnancy risk plus contraceptive responsibility. Changing the expectations regarding responsibility for contraception would render penis-in-vagina sex more equitable, and could lead to a shift in the discourse around abortion access. I describe the sex asymmetries of contraceptive responsibility and of pregnancy-related risk, and offer arguments in favour of men taking primary responsibility for contraception. My arguments centre on: (1) analogies between contraception and vaccination, and unwanted pregnancy and disease; (2) a veil-of-ignorance approach, in which I contend that if a person were not told their sex, they would find a society in which men were expected to acquire and use effective contraceptives the fairest arrangement for everyone.

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Day, L. "How nurses shift from care of a brain-injured patient to maintenance of a brain-dead organ donor". American Journal of Critical Care 10, n.º 5 (1 de setembro de 2001): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2001.10.5.306.

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BACKGROUND: The responsibility of obtaining organs for transplantation rests partly on critical care nurses. How nurses balance care of critically ill, brain-injured patients with the professional responsibility to procure organs is a question of ethical and clinical importance. OBJECTIVES: To describe the experiences of critical care nurses in making the shift from caring for a brain-injured patient identified as a potential organ donor to maintaining a brain-dead body. METHODS: An interpretive, phenomenological design was used. In 2 trauma centers, 9 critical care nurses were interviewed, and 2 of the 9 nurses were observed. RESULTS: Identification of potential organ donors is made under conditions of prognostic ambiguity. The transition from brain injury to brain death is a period of instability in which the critical care team must decide quickly whether to resuscitate a patient in order to procure organs. After a patient is brain dead, critical care nurses' relationship with and responsibility toward the patient change. CONCLUSIONS: The process of identifying potential organ donors and holding open the tentative possibility of organ procurement illustrates the practical difficulties of early referral of potential donors to organ procurement organizations. Early referral to an organ procurement organization implies a commitment to organ procurement that some nurses may hesitate to make because such a commitment changes their relationship with a brain-injured patient.

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Ivanova-Gongne, Maria, e Stefan Lång. "The drama of corporate social responsibility communication". critical perspectives on international business 16, n.º 3 (2 de dezembro de 2019): 233–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-12-2017-0094.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate a company’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) communications in a business network with regard to the flow of critical events related to CSR. Design/methodology/approach The paper focuses on the drama that unfolded at a Nordic-based multinational corporation, Stora Enso, after a critical event related to CSR and the specific signs and codes applied by the company to justify its actions. To achieve the aims, the authors conducted a dramaturgical and semiotic analysis of the company’s corporate communications in connection with various actions prior to or following the major critical event. Findings The findings consist of a five-act drama that unfolded around certain CSR communication activities at the company. The authors followed the company’s shift in communication strategy as they were compelled to adopt a more responsive and involved approach. The results also show the roles of the various business network actors in shaping CSR communications. Practical implications This case has practical uses for providing the framework to create effective messages at different stages of the communication process related to a major CSR event. Originality/value The originality of the study lies in its application of a dramaturgical and semiotic approach to the analysis of CSR communication. It also contributes to the scarce literature on CSR communication within business networks.

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Rosow, Lois. "From Destouches to Berton: Editorial Responsibility at the Paris Opéra". Journal of the American Musicological Society 40, n.º 2 (1987): 285–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/831518.

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From the death of Lully until the mid-1770s, revivals of old works, edited to conform to contemporary taste, formed a substantial part of the repertory of the Paris Opéra. Examination of the eighteenth-century administrative history of the Opéra shows that the editorial work-modest in scope before 1753 but considerably more extensive after the Guerre des Bouffons -was the responsibility of the inspecteur général from 1713 to 1757 but, as a result of a gradual shift in the administrative structure of the organization, was subsequently carried out by a variety of Opéra officials. The most important editors were André Cardinal Destouches (whose editorial work is evident in a newly-identified musical autograph), François Francoeur, François Rebel, and Pierre Montan Berton.

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Waters, Elissa, e Jon Barnett. "Spatial imaginaries of adaptation governance: A public perspective". Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 36, n.º 4 (21 de julho de 2017): 708–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654417719557.

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While there is a growing literature on the institutional and scalar aspects of governance for adaptation, there remain very few studies that seek to explain how the public imagines the governance of adaptation across scales. Knowing public imaginaries of adaptation governance is important for the legitimacy and efficacy of adaptation processes. In this paper, we explain how the public imagines the governance of adaptation across scales, based on 80 in-depth interviews with coastal residents in south-eastern Australia. We find an overwhelming preference for government leadership on adaptation, little appetite for exclusively non-government responsibility regimes, and limited desire for shared public/private responsibility regimes. Participant responses indicate a broad preference for a multilevel government governance model, with responsibility weighted at local and national scales. This preference for a strong but distributed government function is at odds with the emerging tendency of governments to shift the weight of responsibility for adaptation down to local governments and to private actors.

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Doorn, Neelke, Lieke Brackel e Sara Vermeulen. "Distributing Responsibilities for Climate Adaptation: Examples from the Water Domain". Sustainability 13, n.º 7 (25 de março de 2021): 3676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073676.

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It is often assumed that climate adaptation policy asks for new responsibility arrangements between central government and citizens, with citizens getting a more prominent role. This prompts the question under which conditions these new responsibility arrangements can be justified as they may raise serious ethical concerns. Without paying due attention to these ethical concerns, climate adaptation policy may be unsuccessful and even be considered illegitimate. This paper aims to address this topic by exploring some examples of climate adaptation responses and their associated ethical challenges. The examples from the water domain differ in terms of their primary beneficiaries and the extent to which they are prone to collective action problems. Discussion of the examples shows that any shift of responsibilities towards citizens should be accompanied by a governmental responsibility to make sure that citizens are indeed able to assume these responsibilities and a responsibility to see to it that the greater involvement of responsibilities does not create disproportional inequalities.

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Hiss, Stefanie. "From Implicit to Explicit Corporate Social Responsibility: Institutional Change as a Fight for Myths". Business Ethics Quarterly 19, n.º 3 (julho de 2009): 433–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq200919324.

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ABSTRACTThe focus of this paper is institutional change and the changing role of business in Germany. Back in the 1980s, the German institutional framework was characterized by implicit mandatory and obligatory regulations that set a clear context for responsible corporate behavior. Today, this framework has eroded and given way to a situation in which corporations explicitly and voluntarily take responsibility for social issues. This shift from implicit to explicit corporate social responsibility is an indication of a major institutional change epitomized by the deconstruction of ‘old’ and the reconstruction of ‘new’ institutions. In the course of this change, corporations, state actors, and civil society organizations compete for their ideas and interests in what we call a fight for myths. The paper traces this fight for myths and the changing understanding of corporate responsibility in Germany.

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