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1
Gaudin, Germain, e Alexander White. "Vertical Agreements and User Access". American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 13, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2021): 328–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20180339.
Resumo:
Platforms acting as sales channels for producers often charge users for access via a subscription fee or a markup on hardware. We compare two common forms of vertical pricing agreement that platforms use with sellers: per unit and proportional fees. In particular, we analyze the critical role that user access plays on prices, profits, and welfare under both forms of agreement. We characterize this role and show how it potentially overturns standard results saying that proportional fees lead to lower prices and higher profits. (JEL D21, D43, K21, L42, L86)
2
Moorefield-Lang, Heather Michele. "User agreements and makerspaces: a content analysis". New Library World 116, n.º 7/8 (13 de julho de 2015): 358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nlw-12-2014-0144.
Resumo:
Abstract – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the user agreements of makerspaces in public and academic libraries. User agreements, also known as maker agreements, user forms and liability forms, can be very important documents between library patrons, staff and faculty. User agreements are similar to the earlier creation of acceptable use policies for technology use in libraries. The author of this study will delve into the user agreements created for public and academic libraries across the USA. Design/methodology/approach – The researcher used content analysis to investigate 24 different user agreements written for public and academic library makerspaces. NVivo qualitative data analysis software was integrated into this research to aid in the breakdown of commonalities across terms, themes and purpose within the user agreements. Findings – Although makerspaces are a very exciting topic in the field of library science at this time, the implementation of a maker learning space is still new to many libraries. Creating a user agreement for a makerspace is newer still. Most user agreements in this study were six months to a year old. Some consistencies found across makerspace user agreements include liability waivers, permissions for minors, safety, copyright and technology replacement costs. Originality/value – At this time, most publications on makerspaces are held in the realm of popular publications (blogs, magazines, zines, etc.). The body of peer-reviewed and scholarly research on makerspaces is growing. Makerspace user agreements are new to this growing field of interest, and a content analysis of these documents will pave the way for the writing of future forms.
3
Hane, Francis. "Intellectual property rights and user facility agreements". Nature Biotechnology 31, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2013): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2494.
4
Nekit, Kateryna. "Terms of service as a ground for establishment of ownership to virtual property". Law and innovations, n.º 4 (32) (15 de dezembro de 2020): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2020-4(32)-9.
Resumo:
Problem setting. Today, the use of numerous sites is allowed only with the consent of the user agreements (Terms of Service) offered by them. Most often, users tick them, which is tantamount to signing such agreements, without even reading. However, it turns out that in most cases, user agreements, which are essentially agreements between users and providers, are aimed only at securing the interests of providers and in fact impose significant restrictions on users without granting them any rights other than the right to use the service. In addition, providers create them in such a way as not to draw the attention of users to the presence of the contract in this relationship. Such agreements are generally placed as hyperlinks at the bottom of the page or are created as a step that the user must agree to during registration. On this basis, the question of the need to strengthen the protection of users’ rights as a weaker party to the contract, by analogy with consumer protection, is increasingly raised. Moreover, the possibility of considering a user agreement as a kind of contract is widely discussed. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Given the novelty of such a phenomenon as user agreement, today there are not many studies devoted to them, especially in domestic science. Among foreign researchers of the legal nature and specifics of user agreements can be mentioned K. Cornelius, L. Belli and J. Venturini, T. Romm, P. Randolph, M. Radin, A. Savelyev, N. Vlasova. Thus, there is a lack of domestic research on the legal nature of user agreements, so there is an urgent need for research in this area. Target of research is to study the legal nature of the user agreement and analyze the possibility of it to become a ground for legal relationships, in particular, a ground for establishment of ownership to virtual property. Article’s main body. The article analyzes the possibility of considering user agreements as potential grounds for the emergence of ownership to virtual property. The judicial practice to protect the rights of users of accounts and European approaches to the protection of user rights are analyzed in the article. The research data, which give grounds to speak about violation of user rights by user agreements are given. In turn, this gives reason to question the possibility of considering the user agreement as a kind of contract. However, the analysis performed allows us to conclude that it is possible to consider the user agreement as a mixed contract, which can potentially serve as a ground for the emergence of virtual property rights. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Terms of Service agreements should be considered as mixed agreements that contain elements of several agreements. In particular, in the context of the emergence of virtual property rights from such agreements, elements of the Terms of Service agreement should be distinguished, which determine the legal consequences for the virtual property created within the online platforms. In the doctrine, the concept of virtual property as a kind of property right is already quite common today, and this kind of right may well arise from the contract, which in this case may be the Terms of Service agreement. If the Terms of Service agreement is recognized as the ground for the emergence of virtual property rights, it is necessary to provide in it how the balance of interests of platform developers and users in relation to virtual property will be determined. Obviously, all the features of the implementation and protection of virtual property rights, cases of its restriction will be specified in the contract.
5
Nekit, Kateryna. "Terms of service as a ground for establishment of ownership to virtual property". Law and innovations, n.º 4 (32) (15 de dezembro de 2020): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2020-4(32)-9.
Resumo:
Problem setting. Today, the use of numerous sites is allowed only with the consent of the user agreements (Terms of Service) offered by them. Most often, users tick them, which is tantamount to signing such agreements, without even reading. However, it turns out that in most cases, user agreements, which are essentially agreements between users and providers, are aimed only at securing the interests of providers and in fact impose significant restrictions on users without granting them any rights other than the right to use the service. In addition, providers create them in such a way as not to draw the attention of users to the presence of the contract in this relationship. Such agreements are generally placed as hyperlinks at the bottom of the page or are created as a step that the user must agree to during registration. On this basis, the question of the need to strengthen the protection of users’ rights as a weaker party to the contract, by analogy with consumer protection, is increasingly raised. Moreover, the possibility of considering a user agreement as a kind of contract is widely discussed. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Given the novelty of such a phenomenon as user agreement, today there are not many studies devoted to them, especially in domestic science. Among foreign researchers of the legal nature and specifics of user agreements can be mentioned K. Cornelius, L. Belli and J. Venturini, T. Romm, P. Randolph, M. Radin, A. Savelyev, N. Vlasova. Thus, there is a lack of domestic research on the legal nature of user agreements, so there is an urgent need for research in this area. Target of research is to study the legal nature of the user agreement and analyze the possibility of it to become a ground for legal relationships, in particular, a ground for establishment of ownership to virtual property. Article’s main body. The article analyzes the possibility of considering user agreements as potential grounds for the emergence of ownership to virtual property. The judicial practice to protect the rights of users of accounts and European approaches to the protection of user rights are analyzed in the article. The research data, which give grounds to speak about violation of user rights by user agreements are given. In turn, this gives reason to question the possibility of considering the user agreement as a kind of contract. However, the analysis performed allows us to conclude that it is possible to consider the user agreement as a mixed contract, which can potentially serve as a ground for the emergence of virtual property rights. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Terms of Service agreements should be considered as mixed agreements that contain elements of several agreements. In particular, in the context of the emergence of virtual property rights from such agreements, elements of the Terms of Service agreement should be distinguished, which determine the legal consequences for the virtual property created within the online platforms. In the doctrine, the concept of virtual property as a kind of property right is already quite common today, and this kind of right may well arise from the contract, which in this case may be the Terms of Service agreement. If the Terms of Service agreement is recognized as the ground for the emergence of virtual property rights, it is necessary to provide in it how the balance of interests of platform developers and users in relation to virtual property will be determined. Obviously, all the features of the implementation and protection of virtual property rights, cases of its restriction will be specified in the contract.
6
Ekstrand, Victoria Smith. "Online News: User Agreements and Implications for Readers". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 79, n.º 3 (setembro de 2002): 602–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900207900305.
Resumo:
This study is a legal analysis of the online news user agreements of the Top 50 U.S. daily circulation newspapers in the United States. News user agreements are contracts that specify the conditions under which readers may access news. The contracting of news online represents a fundamental shift in the way consumers, who once bought their news, must now agree to terms of access. This study concludes that such terms often expand ownership of content that might otherwise flow freely in the public domain. It also concludes that limitations on liability as expressed in these agreements raise questions about the commitment to free speech and journalistic values online.
7
Anesa, Patrizia. "Translating end-user license agreements: issues, strategies and techniques". ASp, n.º 65 (1 de março de 2014): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/asp.4205.
8
Lavesson, Niklas, Martin Boldt, Paul Davidsson e Andreas Jacobsson. "Learning to detect spyware using end user license agreements". Knowledge and Information Systems 26, n.º 2 (16 de janeiro de 2010): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10115-009-0278-z.
9
Torres-Hostench, Olga, Ramon Piqué Huerta e Pilar Cid Leal. "Decision-making in the translation of end-user license agreements". Culture & Society issue 4, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2015): 216–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.4.2.03tor.
Resumo:
EULAs (End-User License Agreements) present specific translation challenges, ones contingent on how the EULAs will be used. In a recent study, the decisions made by forty-seven translation students while translating a EULA were observed and analyzed. The aim of the study was threefold: (1) to observe the criteria used for decision-making when translating a EULA; (2) to observe how decision-making criteria changed after using specific resources designed for translating EULAs (lawcalisation.com); and (3) to evaluate the overall usefulness of the lawcalisation.com resource. Results suggest that by providing translators with a single website portal of specific resources, they were able not only to find the equivalents they needed but also to consult the relevant legal and translation information that ultimately helped them develop more solid criteria for translation decision-making. Decisions were guided by principles of law applicability, terminology, legislation, and translation studies Skopos theories.
10
Lavesson, Niklas, e Stefan Axelsson. "Similarity assessment for removal of noisy end user license agreements". Knowledge and Information Systems 32, n.º 1 (28 de julho de 2011): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10115-011-0438-9.
11
Puchkov, Vladislav O. "THE POSTMORTEM TRANSFER OF DIGITAL OBJECTS: A USER AGREEMENT VS NATIONAL INHERITANCE LAW". Law of succession 3 (8 de outubro de 2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-4179-2020-3-17-23.
Resumo:
The article reviews the issue of the correlation of rules for the postmortem transfer of digital objects established by user agreements of online communities as public agreements on the one hand and national inheritance law on the other hand. Essentially, the problem is that the case law of the Supreme Court of Russia de facto sanctions contractual restriction of inheritance even in cases not directly stipulated by law. Such restriction is imperatively stipulated in the majority of user agreements. The author concludes that three approaches to the determination of the essence of a legal relation between a user being a testator and an Internet community administrator have been currently established in the doctrine and judicial practice. According to the first approach, such a legal relation is a legal relation involving a consumer, thus, the postmortem transfer of rights under a user agreement (and therefore digital objects assigned to the heir's account) should be carried out even notwithstanding any possible contractual limitations. The second approach is based on the conceptualization of such a legal relation as a legal relation not involving a consumer, for which cause contractual limitation of inheritance under a user agreement is possible. The third approach is based on the conceptualization of a separate type of such a legal relation — a legal relation between a player and an online game administrator — as a legal relation concerning the organization of a game and participation in it, the rights whereunder are not subject to judicial protection and thus may be restricted. Based on an analysis of specific cases, legal doctrine and legislation files, the author concludes that there are grounds for the determination of relations between a user being a testator and an Internet community (social media, game platform, etc.) administrator as relations involving a consumer. Therefore, a conclusion is made that the restriction of inheritance rights under a user agreement is inadmissible.
12
Petersen, Carolyn. "User-focused data sharing agreements: a foundation for the genomic future". JAMIA Open 2, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 2019): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooz043.
Resumo:
Abstract Data sharing agreements that clearly describe what individuals are agreeing to and what responsibilities data stewards will undertake are crucial for the establishment, maintenance, and flourishing of genomic datasets. To optimize genomic data resources, researchers, care professionals, and informaticians must regard system design, user objectives, and environmental considerations through users’ eyes, identifying fundamental values on which to build and potential barriers to success that must be avoided. Design of agreements that promote desired data sharing and protect valuable data resources as necessary begins with a review of user interests and concerns. Nontraditional approaches for informed consent (eg, abbreviated informed consent, electronic informed consent, and dynamic consent) can facilitate achievement of data donors’ privacy-related goals while making data available to researchers. Transparency in individual-researcher interactions, recognition and accommodation of cultural differences, and identification of shared needs and goals create a foundation for data sharing agreements that work over short and long terms.
13
Langenderfer, Jeff. "End-User License Agreements: A New Era of Intellectual Property Control". Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 28, n.º 2 (setembro de 2009): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.28.2.202.
14
Polunina, Mariya M. "Click-Wrap Agreements for Computer Programs Distributed in the Internet". Juridical Science and Practice 16, n.º 2 (2020): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0410-2020-16-2-67-73.
Resumo:
The study identified several issues relating to click-wrap agreements in legislation and case law, namely: difficulty in reading terms of contract for an average user which results in users’ refusal to read them, and including onerous conditions by the rightholder. A range of measures to protect users’ rights from click-wrap agreements: consolidation of special conditions of click-wrap agreement invalidity, application of the rules relating to protection of a weak party of an agreement and consumers’ rights, application of the principle of good faith in case law.
15
Netes, V. A. "SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS AND DEPENDABILITY". Dependability 17, n.º 4 (22 de novembro de 2017): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2017-17-4-27-30.
Resumo:
The Service Level Agreement (SLA) is an efficient and proven tool for regulation of the relations between the supplier and the user of services that is designed to ensure their quality. Such agreements are well known and successfully used in the information and communication industry. They are also applicable in other areas. Essentially, SLA stipulates certain requirements for the service level of which the fulfilment is guaranteed by the provider. In case of SLA violation the service provider is usually financially liable. As a rule, in such cases the user is remunerated with a discount for services provided in the following accounting period. Dependability requirements are an important part of the SLA. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize a wide range of experts from various industries with the general matters of SLA application and the aspects related to the dependability requirements specification. The paper refers to the relevant documents of international standardization organizations (ITU, ISO/IEC, ETSI, TMForum) and the Russian standards. Recommendations are given for selecting the dependability indicators and standard values to be included in the SLA, as well as for defining the amounts of compensation payed by service providers to the customers in case of non-compliance with requirements for the availability factor. The availability factor is normally used in the SLA as the primary dependability indicator that defines the allowable total time of non-operability over the specified base period. Additionally, a client might be interested in restricting the duration of each individual downtime as well. For that purpose, the guaranteed recovery time can also be specified and exceeding this time would be deemed an SLA violation. The choice of the standard values for inclusion in the SLA is a search for a compromise between the intent to satisfy the user requirements and the wish to get ahead of the competition on the one hand and the requirement to ensure the feasibility of the assumed obligations and minimize the risk of SLA violation that involve financial and reputational losses on the other hand. Therefore, before proposing an SLA to a customer, a service provider must thoroughly analyze its actual ability to make sure that the probability of SLA requirements violation is sufficiently low. The computational or computational and experimental methods are suggested for its evaluation. The amount of compensation for a violation depends on its gravity, i.e. the achieved and the standard values of an indicator. In practice, this relation is usually expressed with a step (piecewise constant) function. A formula is proposed that expresses the theoretical relation between the relative amount of compensation for violation of the availability factor requirements and the severity of violation and the standard value of this indicator. It can be used in defining the technically substantiated reference for SLA conditions development and assessment, of which the value will be relevant to both the service providers and users.
16
Brunon-Ernst, Anne. "The Fallacy of Informed Consent: Linguistic Markers of Assent and Contractual Design in Some E-User Agreements". Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, n.º 28 (15 de novembro de 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2015.28.03.
Resumo:
Orthodox contract law theory assumes that parties agree to the terms of a contract before entering into an agreement. However, recent factual evidence points towards the fact that consumers do not systematically read, and thus become informed of, the terms of a contract. Academics are asking for mandatory frameworks to ensure that informed consent is indeed sought and given by parties to a contract. The present study looks into the user agreements of four online companies that provide a marketplace for the sale of goods or free provision of services by other sellers and/or users (Ebay, Tripadvisor, YouTube and Amazon). The aim is firstly to identify the lexical/textual markers and peri-textual features of agreement in order to highlight the fallacy of informed consent. Secondly, the paper lists textual and peri-textual alternative contractual design (here called counter-design) in online user agreement. In so doing, contractual design features are distinguished from nudges. Suggested counter-design features help make informed consent effective.
17
Janssen-Jansen, Leonie B., e Menno van der Veen. "Contracting communities: Conceptualizing Community Benefits Agreements to improve citizen involvement in urban development projects". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, n.º 1 (28 de setembro de 2016): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16664730.
Resumo:
Contractual agreements are becoming increasingly important for city governments seeking to manage urban development. Contractual governance involves direct relations between the local state and different public and private actors and citizens. Although abundant literature exists on public–private partnerships related to urban development projects, agreements made between citizens, interest organizations and market parties, such as Community Benefits Agreements remain under-explored and under-theorized. While it may seem that the state is absent from contemporary forms of contractual governance, such agreements remain highly intertwined with government policies. The central aim of this paper is to better conceptualize Community Benefits Agreement practices in order to build understanding of how contractual governance caters for direct end-user involvement in urban development, and to yield insights into its potential as to render development processes more inclusive. Based on academic literature in planning and law, expert interviews and several case studies in New York City, this paper conceptualizes end-user involvement in urban development projects and innovates within urban planning and governance theory through the use of two new concepts—project collectivity and the image of a fourth chair.
18
Mangiaracina, Silvana, Ornella Russo e Alessandro Tugnoli. "To each his own: how to provide a library user with an article respecting licence agreements". Interlending & Document Supply 43, n.º 4 (16 de novembro de 2015): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilds-07-2015-0022.
Resumo:
Purpose – This paper aims to describe the state of the art of the Italian Archivio Licenze Periodici Elettronici (ALPE) project which aims to improve the understanding of the issues raised by licence agreements of electronic resources in the Inter-Library Loan Service and to support librarians in the implementation of the right policies. Design/methodology/approach – ALPE – (E-Journals Licenses Archive) is a national archive of interlibrary loan (ILL) clauses, extracted from standard and negotiated licences, to manage, to publicly share and to check the permitted uses of e-resources for ILL and document delivery. Findings – The ALPE archive facilitates public and free access to a remarkable amount of information and data about ILL conditions granted by the most important commercial and academic publishers, and responds to the practical problems of managing and understanding ILL clauses in e-licences. Originality/value – The solutions adopted by ALPE effectively solve many of the problems reported in the literature. These should help ILL librarians in dealing with the problems associated with ILL and licensing.
19
Kumar, Narander, e Surendra Kumar. "Conceptual Service Level Agreement Mechanism to Minimize the SLA Violation with SLA Negotiation Process in Cloud Computing Environment". Baghdad Science Journal 18, n.º 2(Suppl.) (20 de junho de 2021): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.2(suppl.).1020.
Resumo:
Online service is used to be as Pay-Per-Use in Cloud computing. Service user need not be in a long time contract with cloud service providers. Service level agreements (SLAs) are understandings marked between a cloud service providers and others, for example, a service user, intermediary operator, or observing operators. Since cloud computing is an ongoing technology giving numerous services to basic business applications and adaptable systems to manage online agreements are significant. SLA maintains the quality-of-service to the cloud user. If service provider fails to maintain the required service SLA is considered to be SLA violated. The main aim is to minimize the SLA violations for maintain the QoS of their cloud users. In this research article, a toolbox is proposed to help the procedure of exchanging of a SLA with the service providers that will enable the cloud client in indicating service quality demands and an algorithm as well as Negotiation model is also proposed to negotiate the request with the service providers to produce a better agreement between service provider and cloud service consumer. Subsequently, the discussed framework can reduce SLA violations as well as negotiation disappointments and have expanded cost-adequacy. Moreover, the suggested SLA toolkit is additionally productive to clients so clients can secure a sensible value repayment for diminished QoS or conceding time. This research shows the assurance level in the cloud service providers can be kept up by as yet conveying the services with no interruption from the client's perspective
20
Evans, N. D. "SHaRE: A DOE User Facility For Microscopy and Microanalysis". Microscopy Today 2, n.º 6 (setembro de 1994): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500066475.
Resumo:
The Shared Research Equipment (SHaRE) Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) provides microanalytical facilities to researchers from U.S. universities, industries, and government laboratories for studies within the materials sciences. SHaRE is one of four microscopy and microanalysis research user facilities supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES). All BES user facilities, including SHaRE, are available to in order to foster collaborative research, scientific leadership, international competitiveness, and the education of graduate students being prepared for careers in materials science. Based on the scientific excellence and relevance of the proposed experiments, free operating time is available to researchers who then publish their results in open literature. Proprietary research can be accomplished on a full cost-recovery basis or by Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs). However, services that can be purchased from commercial laboratories are not appropriate for the SHaRE Program.
21
Wilczyński, Robert. "Charakter i przedmiot porozumień zbiorowych z udziałem agencji pracy tymczasowej". Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 105 (27 de janeiro de 2017): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.105.14.
Resumo:
NATURE AND SUBJECT OF COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS INVOLVING THE TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT AGENCYThe article presents the view of doctrine and jurisprudence relating to collective agreements involving the temporary employment agency. The specifics of temporary employment in which there are temporary work agency and the user employer acting at employer’s side makes collective agreements conditions much more complicated against those settled in the Labour Code. Collective agreements should play an increasing role in the system of sources of labour law. In particular, in non-standard forms of employment mainly at temporary work. Collective agreements in a more perfect way are able to reconcile the protective function of labor law and the need for flexibility of employment.
22
Triadi, Gede Darwis, Johannes Ibrahim Kosasih e Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti. "Perjanjian Oligopoli dan Asas Keseimbangan dalam Persaingan Usaha Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 BUSINESS COMPETITION BASED ON LAW NUMBER 5 OF 1999". Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 1, n.º 1 (27 de agosto de 2020): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jkh.1.1.2140.103-108.
Resumo:
An oligopoly agreement is a form of agreement in which business actors own all kinds of objects and activities. The existence of this agreement requires a principle of balance in doing business in protecting others in carrying out quality and balanced economic enterprises based on applicable regulations. The purpose of this study is to determine the principle of balance that must be carried out against sellers in relation to the existing regulations, knowing the practice of the oligopoly agreement associated with Law Number 5 Year 1999, knowing Law No. 5 of 1999, and efforts to anticipate the occurrence of Oligopoly agreement practices and accommodate the principle of balance. The method used in this research is normative legal research. The results show that the principle of balance between business actors is associated with the enforcement of Law Number 5 of 1999, namely Protecting small businesses, maintaining healthy competition, and economic efficiency. Meanwhile, the practice of oligopoly agreements has a huge impact on consumer losses and among business actors, and in article 4 of law number 5 of 1999, oligopoly agreements are prohibited if they can harm competition. So that the anticipation efforts that can be made against the traffickers with a system of compliance and implementation of obligations as well as managing a relationship with the provider of the spreader and the user which must agree with the regulations.
23
Cant, MC, JW Strydom, VM Moodley e DH Tustin. "A customer-centric approach towards evaluating single-choice information technology service provision to the parastatal sector of South Africa". South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 9, n.º 4 (22 de maio de 2014): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v9i4.1030.
Resumo:
The article presents a case study whereby the service performance of a single-choice information technology service provider in the parastatal industry of South Africa is measured against multi-choice private service providers without any provisional agreements. The outcome of the case study reveals that single-choice service provision options with provisional agreements have a limited chance of success if they are not supported by strong service user inputs. In fact, provisional strategies that disallow sound competition among service providers are bound to impact negatively on user preferences as well as information technology skills development opportunities that are required to improve service provision generally and long-term survival in particular.
24
Youmans, William Lafi, e Jillian C. York. "Social Media and the Activist Toolkit: User Agreements, Corporate Interests, and the Information Infrastructure of Modern Social Movements". Journal of Communication 62, n.º 2 (16 de março de 2012): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01636.x.
25
Oprysk, Liliia, e Karin Sein. "Limitations in End-User Licensing Agreements: Is There a Lack of Conformity Under the New Digital Content Directive?" IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 51, n.º 5 (junho de 2020): 594–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40319-020-00941-y.
26
Falcão, David. "Algumas Notas Sobre a Tutela do Utente de Serviços Públicos Essenciais". Revista Electrónica de Direito 23, n.º 3 (outubro de 2020): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2182-9845_2020-0003_0003.
Resumo:
In the present study we dedicate ourselves to make an analysis of the Law of Essential Public Services, giving a special focus to the mechanisms of protection of the user of such services. If it is true that, on the one hand, it has not been doctrinally peaceful to qualify contracts for the provision of essential public services as public or private law agreements, on the other, and consequently, the question of where to bring legal action arising from disputes that oppose the provider and the user, therefore, we will try to answer that question. Having made a general analysis of the user protection mechanisms, we focus on issues related to the suspension of the service for non-payment, establishing a parallel between the regimes of the Essential Public Services Law and the Electronic Communications Law. Finally, we will address the issue of prescription and lapse periods related to the right to receive the price of the service provided. At this point we will try to give an adequate answer regarding which prescription period to resort whenever the service is provided by a local authority (8 years or 6 months).
27
Marepalli, Sai Manoj, Razia Sultana e Andreas Christ. "Research on System Architecture to Provide Maximum Security, End User Device Independency and User Centric Control over Content in Cloud". International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation 4, n.º 3 (julho de 2013): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeei.2013070103.
Resumo:
Cloud computing is the emerging technology providing IT as a utility through internet. The benefits of cloud computing are but not limited to service based, scalable, elastic, shared pool of resources, metered by use. Due to mentioned benefits the concept of cloud computing fits very well with the concept of m-learning which differs from other forms of e-learning, covers a wide range of possibilities opened up by the convergence of new mobile technologies, wireless communication structure and distance learning development. The concept of cloud computing like any other concept has not only benefits but also introduces myriad of security issues, such as transparency between cloud user and provider, lack of standards, security concerns related to identity, Service Level Agreements (SLA) inadequacy etc. Providing secure, transparent, and reliable services in cloud computing environment is an important issue. This paper introduces a secured three layered architecture with an advance Intrusion Detection System (advIDS), which overcomes different vulnerabilities on cloud deployed applications. This proposed architecture can reduce the impact of different attacks by providing timely alerts, rejecting the unauthorized access over services, and recording the new threat profiles for future verification. The goal of this research is to provide more control over data and applications to the cloud user, which are now mainly controlled by Cloud Service Provider (CSP).
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MacPhail, Victoria J., Shelby D. Gibson, Richard Hatfield e Sheila R. Colla. "Using Bumble Bee Watch to investigate the accuracy and perception of bumble bee (Bombus spp.) identification by community scientists". PeerJ 8 (29 de junho de 2020): e9412. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9412.
Resumo:
Community science programs provide an opportunity to gather scientific data to inform conservation policy and management. This study examines the accuracy of community science identifications submitted to the North American Bumble Bee Watch program on a per species level and as compared to each species’ conservation status, as well as users (members of the public) and experts (those with expertise in the field of bumble bee biology) perceived ease of species identification. Photos of bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) are submitted to the program by users and verified (species name corrected or assigned as necessary) by an expert. Over 22,000 records from over 4,900 users were used in the analyses. Accuracy was measured in two ways: percent agreement (percent of all records submitted correctly by users) and veracity (percent of all verified records submitted correctly by the users). Users generally perceived it harder to identify species than experts. User perceptions were not significantly different from the observed percent agreement or veracity, while expert perceptions were significantly different (overly optimistic) from the observed percent agreement but not the veracity. We compared user submitted names to final expert verified names and found that, for all species combined, the average percent agreement was 53.20% while the average veracity was 55.86%. There was a wide range in percent agreement values per species, although sample size and the role of chance did affect some species agreements. As the conservation status of species increased to higher levels of extinction risk, species were increasingly more likely to have a lower percent agreement but higher levels of veracity than species of least concern. For each species name submitted, the number of different species verified by experts varied from 1 to 32. Future research may investigate which factors relate to success in user identification through community science. These findings could play a role in informing the design of community science programs in the future, including for use in long-term and national-level monitoring of wild pollinators.
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Mutichiro, Briytone, e Younghan Kim. "User preference–based QoS-aware service function placement in IoT-Edge cloud". International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 17, n.º 5 (maio de 2021): 155014772110199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501477211019912.
Resumo:
In the Internet of Things-Edge cloud, service provision presents a challenge to operators to satisfy user service-level agreements while meeting service-specific quality-of-service requirements. This is because of inherent limitations in the Internet of Things-Edge in terms of resource infrastructure as well as the complexity of user requirements in terms of resource management in a heterogeneous environment like edge. An efficient solution to this problem is service orchestration and placement of service functions to meet user-specific requirements. This work aims to satisfy user quality of service through optimizing the user response time and cost by factoring in the workload variation on the edge infrastructure. We formulate the service function placement at the edge problem. We employ user service request patterns in terms of user preference and service selection probability to model service placement. Our framework proposal relies on mixed-integer linear programming and heuristic solutions. The main objective is to realize a reduced user response time at minimal overall cost while satisfying the user service requirements. For this, several parameters, and factors such as capacity, latency, workload, and cost constraints, are considered. The proposed solutions are evaluated based on different metrics and the obtained results show the gap between the heuristic user preference placement algorithm and the optimal solution to be minimal.
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Humphreys, Sal. "Computer Games: Co-Creation and Regulation". Media International Australia 130, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2009): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0913000107.
Resumo:
This introduction to the special issue on games, co-creation and regulation introduces some key concepts arising from the phenomenon of user-generated content in interactive media environments such as online computer games. It canvasses the work of the seven authors who have contributed to the special issue, covering a range of areas such as advertising and surveillance, participatory design, end user licence agreements, user-generated classification and participant rights.
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Allard, L. F., T. A. Nolan e A. E. Pasto. "The High Temperature Material Laboratory: A National User Facility For Advanced Materials Characterization". Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (agosto de 1999): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600013362.
Resumo:
The High Temperature Materials Laboratory (HTML, Fig. 1) is a national resource for materials characterization sponsored by the Department of Energy’s Office of Transportation Technology, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The HTML comprises six principal user centers: Materials Analysis, Thermophysical Properties, X-ray and Neutron Diffraction, Mechanical Characterization and Analysis, Residual Stress, and Machining and Inspection Research. Instruments available at the user centers have extensive capabilities for characterizing the microstructure, microchemistry, and physical and mechanical properties of materials over a wide range of temperatures. Details of all the capabilities of the various user centers are available on the World Wide Web at http://www.ms.ornl.gov/htmlhome/default.htm.http://www.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=43210To date, more than 300 different institutions, evenly divided between university and industry, have formal research agreements with the HTML. Three separate programs are available to meet the needs of these users as well as those from federal agencies wishing to gain access to the HTML.
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Marthaler, Florian, Sven Stahl, Andreas Siebe, Nikola Bursac, Markus Spadinger e Albert Albers. "Future-oriented PGE-product Generation Engineering: An Attempt to Increase the Future User Acceptance through Foresight in Product Engineering Using the Example of the iPhone User Interface". Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, n.º 1 (julho de 2019): 3641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.371.
Resumo:
AbstractDuring the process of product engineering, decisions with uncertain consequences have to be made about future development (Albers et al., 2017a). Customer, user and vendor requirements that are already known and those who are relevant for the future have to be recognized and transferred into consistent projects. Classical approaches like customer surveys or market analyses are only partially useful for anticipating or validating future product requirements since they rather evaluate todays situation. Methods of foresight are preferably applied to make decisions under circumstances of uncertainty and to generate future knowledge. The following work treats thus a system that enables the user to deduce future requirements based on trend analyses. The system which was first mentioned in Albers et al. and further developed in Marthaler et al. will serve as the basis. (Albers et al., 2018a; Marthaler et al., 2019). The goal is to present and evaluate a system based on the analysis and identification of trends that allows to identify robust requirements for future product generations and to transfer them into concrete development agreements in the form of a development road map.
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Rallapalli, Murthy V. "A Privacy Agreement Negotiation Model in B2C E-Commerce Transactions". International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 5, n.º 4 (outubro de 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jisp.2011100101.
Resumo:
This article presents an alternate approach to effectively address the way privacy agreements are initiated through web services. In this new framework, the consumer and the service provider can mutually negotiate on the privacy terms. It contains a privacy model in which the transaction takes place after a negotiation between the service provider and the web user is completed. In addition, this framework would support various negotiation levels of the agreement lifecycle which is an important aspect of the dynamic environment of a B2C e-commerce scenario. A third party trusted agency and a privacy filter are included to handle privacy information of the web user. The author seeks to raise awareness of the issues surrounding privacy transactions and the potential ongoing impact to both service providers and clients as the use of web services accelerates.
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Sulistianingsih, Dewi, e Gianefi Safitri. "The Licensors’ Economic Right for Creative Commons Licensed Works Used for Commercial Purposes In Indonesia". Halu Oleo Law Review 3, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33561/holrev.v3i1.5180.
Resumo:
A Creative Commons License is a public license which can be used by a creator or an inventor regarding a royalty-free license both for commercial and non-commercial uses. The commercial use of a creation financially inflicts the licensor since there is no economic right from the royalty from the user of the creation. This paper is a result of a study which applied a normative juridical approach. The study aims to find out the protection of economic right of the licensor for his or her creation, which is under creative commons license, which is used for commercial purposes. The economic right protection of the licensor whose work is under common creative license which is used commercially is the same as that of other licenses because a creative commons license is basically the same as other license agreements which bind parties involved in an agreement. The protection is given through the Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 Year 2003 Concerning Copyright.
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Ugwu, Uchenna Felicia. "Reconciling the Right to Learn with Copyright Protection in the Digital Age: Limitations of Contemporary Copyright Treaties". Law and Development Review 12, n.º 1 (28 de janeiro de 2019): 41–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0007.
Resumo:
Abstract This article examines whether the current exceptions to copyright granted in contemporary intellectual property agreements give effect to the user rights to learn. It looks into the nature of the user rights to learn and how it is affected by copyright, technological protection measures, and digital rights management. Critical analysis is made of the effectiveness of exceptions to copyrights in international law, for advancing the users’ right to learn in the digital age. The article proposes the right to learn as an independent user right and examines how it can be incorporated in the copyright regulations by maximizing the differentiation principle, so as to advance the overall development in society.
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Goldkind, Lauri, e Lea Wolf. "Selling Your Soul on the Information Superhighway: Consenting to Services in Direct-to-Consumer Tele-Mental Health". Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 101, n.º 1 (3 de novembro de 2019): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044389419872125.
Resumo:
Direct-to-consumer tele-mental health services—therapy delivered by video conference, email, and text message—is a burgeoning model of service delivery. The practice of on-demand digital psychotherapy presents ethical questions, as new economic models, service delivery systems, and therapeutic models are introduced. Virtual therapy, now offered on a subscription basis by third-party providers, requires users to accept Terms of Service (ToS) agreements to access services. This article describes the results of a survey in which participants ( n = 579) were asked to compare the values of the Human Rights Framework with the language of one tele-mental health platform’s ToS user agreement. Findings suggest that those clients with prior experience with a mental health professional will find the ToS agreements to be the most ethically compromised. Similarly, employed and better educated individuals also found the ToS to be ethically suspect. The most vulnerable of the groups we surveyed, individuals who hold less education and those who are unemployed, may be at most risk for signing consent to a system they do not understand. The study provides one example of the ethical questions that emerge from the introduction of a new model of for-profit service provision in mental health. Recommendations for consumers and practitioners are suggested.
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Moline, Danae Bacells. "My face is yours: facial recognition software and copyright ownership". Interactive Entertainment Law Review 3, n.º 2 (23 de dezembro de 2020): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/ielr.2020.02.06.
Resumo:
The popular NBA 2K series include a facial recognition software that scans the user's face to generate a lookalike avatar. However, end user licence agreements provide for all intellectual property rights, including copyright, to be licensed or assigned to game publishers or developers. Consequently, the user may have no say whether an avatar with their facial features may be used, for instance in advertising for the game. In addition, the facial features stored in the game may be biometric data, and thus subject to strict data protection rules. This paper will analyse whether the avatar generated using a face scan is a copyrightable work of authorship. The analysis questions whether the face scan fits into different categories of works; photography, film and databases, including the sui generis photography and database rights. It concludes that copyright fails to protect the individual's facial features. Even so, the ownership clause in licence agreements on the one hand and the facial features as biometric data on the other further complicate the question of what the individual can assert as his own.
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Moline, Danae Bacells. "My face is yours: facial recognition software and copyright ownership". Interactive Entertainment Law Review 3, n.º 2 (23 de dezembro de 2020): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/ielr.2020.02.06.
Resumo:
The popular NBA 2K series include a facial recognition software that scans the user's face to generate a lookalike avatar. However, end user licence agreements provide for all intellectual property rights, including copyright, to be licensed or assigned to game publishers or developers. Consequently, the user may have no say whether an avatar with their facial features may be used, for instance in advertising for the game. In addition, the facial features stored in the game may be biometric data, and thus subject to strict data protection rules. This paper will analyse whether the avatar generated using a face scan is a copyrightable work of authorship. The analysis questions whether the face scan fits into different categories of works; photography, film and databases, including the sui generis photography and database rights. It concludes that copyright fails to protect the individual's facial features. Even so, the ownership clause in licence agreements on the one hand and the facial features as biometric data on the other further complicate the question of what the individual can assert as his own.
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Subramanian, Hemang, Sabyasachi Mitra e Sam Ransbotham. "Capturing Value in Platform Business Models That Rely on User-Generated Content". Organization Science 32, n.º 3 (maio de 2021): 804–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.1408.
Resumo:
Business models increasingly depend on inputs from outside traditional organizational boundaries. For example, platforms that generate revenue from advertising, subscription, or referral fees often rely on user-generated content (UGC). But there is considerable uncertainty on how UGC creates value—and who benefits from it—because voluntary user contributions cannot be mandated or contracted or its quality assured through service-level agreements. In fact, high valuations of these platform firms have generated significant interest, debate, and even euphoria among investors and entrepreneurs. Network effects underlie these high valuations; the value of participation for an individual user increases exponentially as more users actively participate. Thus, many platform strategies initially focus on generating usage with the expectation of profits later. This premise is fraught with uncertainty because high current usage may not translate into future profits when switching costs are low. We argue that the type of user-generated content affects switching costs for the user and, thus, affects the value a platform can capture. Using data about the valuation, traffic, and other parameters from several sources, empirical results indicate greater value uncertainty in platforms with user-generated content than in platforms based on firm-generated content. Platform firms are unable to capture the entire value from network effects, but firms with interaction content can better capture value from network effects through higher switching costs than firms with user-contributed content. Thus, we clarify how switching costs enable value for the platform from network effects and UGC in the absence of formal contracts.
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Sulistyandari. "Fintech Indonesia User Legal Protection in Balance Borrowing Money Based on Information Technology". SHS Web of Conferences 54 (2018): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185406003.
Resumo:
The growth of FinTech companies in Indonesia is very rapid, currently, there are 142 FinTech Companies in Indonesia. The Financial Services Authority (OJK) continues to encourage the development of information technology-based financial service provider company (FinTech). OJK considers that the more number of FinTech companies, the better it would be. It is important to pay attention to legal protection for FinTech Users, because lending and borrowing services-based information technology has the potential to cause harm to FinTech users, besides being done online, the lender and recipient of the loan do not know each other, and there is no collateral in information technology-based lending and borrowing services. This paper discusses the legal protection of FinTech Users in information technology-based lending and borrowing services, and settlement of dispute in the event of a dispute between FinTech Companies and FinTech Indonesia Users. Legal protection for FinTech Users is provided in agreements made between FinTech Indonesia Companies and FinTech Users and law enforcement OJK Regulation No. 77/POJK.01/2016 The settlement of disputes by complaining to the FinTech Company, to the Financial Services Authority (OJK) or claiming through the General Court.
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Utami, Pangestika Rizki. "Penerapan Prinsip Hukum Perjanjian dalam Kontrak Kerjasama Pengelolaan Barang Milik Daerah". Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi 3, n.º 1 (18 de junho de 2020): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v3i1.3512.
Resumo:
The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal construction of the Regional Property Management Agreement. Regional property in the form of land and/or buildings and other than land and/or buildings that have been handed over by the user to the manager can be utilized optimally in order not to burden the Regional Budget and Revenues particularly maintenance costs. This article are reviewing several types of agreements by analyzing the application of the legal agreement principles in the cooperation contract in the management of property in Regional Government of Banyumas Regency. The principles of treaty law which is a concept of civil law applied in the concept of state administration law are interesting because the agreement is in the regulation of private law and public law. Government Contract is a routine legal act of government, to ensure legal certainty for the parties involved required legislation that specifically regulates commercial contracts by the government regarding procedures and authority limits.
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Indrawati, Chrys Wahyu, e Sukarmi Sukarmi. "KONSEP IDEAL PEMBUATAN AKTA PERJANJIAN KERJA OUTSOURCING WAKTU TERTENTU (STUDI DI BANK JATENG)". Jurnal Akta 4, n.º 3 (10 de setembro de 2017): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v4i3.1803.
Resumo:
Research on "The Ideal Concept of Establishing a Deed of Working Outsourcing of Certain Time (Study In Bank Jateng)" aims to know and analyze outsourcing agreement for certain time in Bank Central Java still cause uncertainty to employees and the ideal concept of employee outsourcing agreement certain time. This research approaches sociological jurisprudence and data collection through interviews, document studies and bibliography, as well as qualitative data analysis.Establishment of Deed of Working Agreement of Outsourcing of Certain Time in Central Java Bank has not applied the principle of freedom of full contract or using standard agreement. The employment agreement still creates uncertainty for employees because of employment agreements such as provisions requiring employees to submit an original diploma that leads to uncertain employee futures because employees do not have a chance to find another job better and there is no provision for contract renewal. In addition, there is still the influence of Central Java Bank in the work agreement between the providers of labor with workers whereas Central Java Bank is not a party to the agreement or the worker has no legal relationship with the Central Java bank. The effect is in terms of placement of labor and the termination of the employment agreement and the absence of a guarantee whether the workers will work continuously on the employment provider. Barriers to employees who have completed a certain time outsourcing agreement that is no term extension of the contract and Bank Central Java can not intervene directly on a certain time outsourcing agreement between PT Bhumi Elang Perkasa with labor security unit that is not renewed his contract period. The solution selects recruitment of contract employees who have completed certain time outsourcing agreements as permanent employees and extend the contract period in certain time outsourcing agreement in the provision of security unit personnel between PT Bhumi Elang Perkasa and Bank Jateng Ideally Employee Employee Outsourcing Working arrangements should consider the principles of the agreement, particularly the principle of freedom of contract. Although this is very difficult because of standard agreements that have been standard applied by the company because it is related and influenced by company regulations. Companies should provide a wider protection of labor to create a balanced working relationship. One effort that can be done is to provide an opportunity for the workforce to contribute to determine the contents of the agreement and or to approve or disapprove of certain things that may be done by both parties. One of the provisions that can be accommodated is the provision of the obligation to submit a diploma as a guarantee, the terms of the certainty of employment, and the working relationship between the provider of labor, the user labor and the labor itself.Keywords: Deed, Specific Time Working Agreement, outsourcing
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Humphreys, Sal, Brian Fitzgerald, John Banks e Nic Suzor. "Fan-Based Production for Computer Games: User-Led Innovation, the ‘Drift of Value’ and Intellectual Property Rights". Media International Australia 114, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2005): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0511400104.
Resumo:
Fan-based or third party content creation has assumed an integral place in the multi-million dollar computer games industry. The emerging production ecology that involves new kinds of distributed organisations and ad hoc networks epitomises the ‘drift of value’ from producer to consumer and allows us to understand how user-led innovation influences the creative industries. But the ability to control intellectual property rights in content production is critical to the power structures and social dynamic that are being created in this space. Trainz, a train simulation game released by Brisbane developer Auran, which relies heavily on fan-created content for its success, is used as a case study. The licence agreements between Auran and the fan creators are analysed in order to understand how the balance between the commercial and non-commercial is achieved and how the tension between open networks of collaboration and closed structures of commercial competitive environments are negotiated.
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Sharma, Oshin, e Hemraj Saini. "SLA and Performance Efficient Heuristics for Virtual Machines Placement in Cloud Data Centers". International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 9, n.º 3 (julho de 2017): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijghpc.2017070102.
Resumo:
Cloud computing has revolutionized the working models of IT industry and increasing the demand of cloud resources which further leads to increase in energy consumption of data centers. Virtual machines (VMs) are consolidated dynamically to reduce the number of host machines inside data centers by satisfying the customer's requirements and quality of services (QoS). Moreover, for using the services of cloud environment every cloud user has a service level agreement (SLA) that deals with energy and performance trade-offs. As, the excess of consolidation and migration may degrade the performance of system, therefore, this paper focuses the overall performance of the system instead of energy consumption during the consolidation process to maintain a trust level between cloud's users and providers. In addition, the paper proposed three different heuristics for virtual machine (VM) placement based on current and previous usage of resources. The proposed heuristics ensure a high level of service level agreements (SLA) and better performance of ESM metric in comparison to previous research.
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Geng, Linna, Nilupa Herath, Lihai Zhang, Felix Kin Peng Hui e Colin Duffield. "Reliability-Based Decision Support Framework for Major Changes to Social Infrastructure PPP Contracts". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 21 (29 de outubro de 2020): 7659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217659.
Resumo:
In the operational phase of public-private partnership (PPP) contracts, undue delay in addressing real needs may lead to poor service outcomes; conversely, commencing variations to a PPP agreement on the whim of end-user runs the risk of reducing the value created by detailed structuring and considerations undertaken in establishing agreement. This difficulty is exasperated as there is generally a lack of understanding by the end-user as to the specifics of service delivery performance requirements contracted. In order to address this question, this study, for the first time, develops a reliability-based decision support framework (RDSF) that incorporates end-user’s perceived service quality (i.e., how satisfied it is with the space, operation and maintenance activities) with those specified in the PPP agreement, and further identifies when the gap between end-user’s expectations and contractual obligations warrants reconsideration. This developed framework is then implemented to test the data gathered from three PPP schools in Australia based on both a current snapshot of performance data, i.e., abatements as gathered through contract documents and end-user’s perception through in-depth interviews, and a projected scenario of the future as well. Reliability analysis used here compares time-dependent risk profiles of current and expected performance and thereby identifies major changes in a PPP contract that would sensibly require reconsideration. The specific results indicate there is no current difficulty between end-user’s perception and the contract. However, the projected long-term scenario demonstrates how the decision framework can identify areas for review and changes if end-users are more dissatisfied with the service being achieved. The RDSF is capable of quantifying current service performance, considering the engagement of the end-user. Thus it enriches theories in the field of performance management system (PMS), and also contributes to knowledge regarding an evidence-based test for justifying possible agreement modifications or additional works in social PPPs operations. In addition, guidance for performance improvement strategies in aspects of the dissatisfied area is also provided. Application of this approach would assist in maintaining the long-term value for money of social infrastructure PPP agreements.
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Siôn ap Gruffudd, Gwilym. "A user evaluation of a local air ambulance service in North Wales". International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 21, n.º 6 (5 de setembro de 2008): 585–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09526860810900736.
Resumo:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the current state and utilisation of user evaluation consultation adopted by Wales Air Ambulance (WAA) within the policy context. It is intended to provide a baseline for further evaluative research in the field and to highlight existing practices and resources. Gaps in strategic planning and service delivery are identified, with local recommendations proposed.Design/methodology/approachSemi‐structured, in‐depth face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with ten participants drawn from a convenient sample representative of stakeholders including practitioners, fundraisers and operational staff. These groups represent primary actors involved in the delivery of services and policy implementation and also secondary actors involved in the delivery as users. Documentary analysis of WAA dispatch policy and protocols combined with secondary quantitative data of key performance indicators was undertaken.FindingsIn total, 80 per cent of the sample stated their satisfaction with WAA dispatch policy with no perceived need or benefit to further development of policy or local agreements. About 70 per cent of participants had received direct comments that were 100 per cent positive from primary users/patients. All organisations shared the same concerns regarding lack of appropriate present communication.Research limitations/implicationsThe research design was driven by practicalities of time‐scale and resources. Owing to these constraints, plus the legal and ethical requirements relating to the involvement of patients in research, primary users were not included in this study. Areas for future research are identified.Practical implicationsRecommendations being implemented by WAA include further engagement with primary users of the service in order to enhance standards.Originality/valueThis paper reports the first empirical research conducted with WAA and users of the service.
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Peterson, M. Kathryn, e Leigh Lammert Parker. "Surviving the International Usability Test: Tools and Strategies for a Successful Outcome". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, n.º 24 (setembro de 2005): 2080–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504902403.
Resumo:
International usability testing presents unique challenges for planning and conducting labs. Many factors that affect the design and execution of an international study — factors such as travel requirements, participant recruiting, test plan and interface localization, translation, and legal agreements — make the challenges seem insurmountable. However, increasing preparation time, using local resources, and utilizing remote user testing tools will significantly reduce costs and barriers to success.
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Fragkouli, Georgia, Katerina Argyraki e Bryan Ford. "MorphIT: Morphing Packet Reports for Internet Transparency". Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2019, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2019): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popets-2019-0021.
Resumo:
Abstract Can we improve Internet transparency without worsening user anonymity? For a long time, researchers have been proposing transparency systems, where traffic reports produced at strategic network points help assess network behavior and verify service-level agreements or neutrality compliance. However, such reports necessarily reveal when certain traffic appeared at a certain network point, and this information could, in principle, be used to compromise low-latency anonymity networks like Tor. In this paper, we examine whether more Internet transparency necessarily means less anonymity. We start from the information that a basic transparency solution would publish about a network and study how that would impact the anonymity of the network’s users. Then we study how to change, in real time, the time granularity of traffic reports in order to preserve both user anonymity and report utility. We evaluate with real and synthetic data and show that our algorithm can offer a good anonymity/utility balance, even in adversarial scenarios where aggregates consist of very few flows.
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Rossmaier, Leon. "Commercial Mhealth Apps and Exploitative Value Trade-Offs". Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Bioethica 66, Special Issue (9 de setembro de 2021): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbbioethica.2021.spiss.98.
Resumo:
"Mobile health (mHealth) apps are becoming progressively important for primary care, disease prevention, and public health interventions. They promise to empower its users by offering them more independence, better access to health services, and more insight into their health status resulting in better informed medical decision-making and lifestyle changes. Disadvantages of mHealth apps often include a lack of privacy protection, a decrease in personal attachment, and the acceptance of a normative conception of health challenging the user’s self-determination. Privacy, attachment, and self-determination are, alongside health, linked to fundamental dimensions of human well-being. Users of mHealth apps can either accept those disadvantages or abstain from using this technology entirely. Users, therefore, have to trade-off fundamental dimensions of well-being to gain a certain health benefit if they want to use commercial mHealth apps. This presentation will clarify the values most relevant in this context, focusing on privacy, self-determination, and attachment. I claim that these values imply fundamental conditions of well-being that should not be undermined, especially in the context of health care. I will argue that the value trade-offs users must engage in are an instance of mutually advantageous agreements by which the provider of the app takes unfair advantage of the user. This renders such agreements exploitative. I will discuss the notion of exploitation that I think applies in this case and explain under what circumstances exploitative agreements that come with the use of commercial mHealth apps oppose the empowerment narrative. "
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Biebl, Johanna Theresia, Marzena Rykala, Maximilian Strobel, Pawandeep Kaur Bollinger, Bernhard Ulm, Eduard Kraft, Stephan Huber e Andreas Lorenz. "App-Based Feedback for Rehabilitation Exercise Correction in Patients With Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis: Prospective Cohort Study". Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, n.º 7 (13 de julho de 2021): e26658. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26658.
Resumo:
Background The use of digital therapeutic solutions for rehabilitation of conditions such as osteoarthritis provides scalable access to rehabilitation. Few validated technological solutions exist to ensure supervision of users while they exercise at home. Motion Coach (Kaia Health GmbH) provides audiovisual feedback on exercise execution in real time on conventional smartphones. Objective We hypothesized that the interrater agreement between physiotherapists and Motion Coach would be noninferior to physiotherapists’ interrater agreement for exercise evaluations in a cohort with osteoarthritis. Methods Patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip were recruited at a university hospital to perform a set of 6 exercises. Agreement between Motion Coach and 2 physiotherapists’ corrections for segments of the exercises were compared using Cohen κ and percent agreement. Results Participants (n=24) were enrolled and evaluated. There were no significant differences between interrater agreements (Motion Coach app vs physiotherapists: percent agreement 0.828; physiotherapist 1 vs physiotherapist 2: percent agreement 0.833; P<.001). Age (70 years or under, older than 70 years), gender (male, female), or BMI (30 kg/m2 or under, greater than 30 kg/m2) subgroup analysis revealed no detectable difference in interrater agreement. There was no detectable difference in levels of interrater agreement between Motion Coach vs physiotherapists and between physiotherapists in any of the 6 exercises. Conclusions The results demonstrated that Motion Coach is noninferior to physiotherapist evaluations. Interrater agreement did not differ between 2 physiotherapists or between physiotherapists and the Motion Coach app. This finding was valid for all investigated exercises and subgroups. These results confirm the ability of Motion Coach to detect user form during exercise and provide valid feedback to users with musculoskeletal disorders.