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Статті в журналах з теми "140 GHz receiver"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 лютого 2025

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1

Gauthier, G. P., J. P. Raskin, and G. M. Rebeiz. "A 140-170-GHz low-noise uniplanar subharmonic Schottky receiver." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 48, no. 8 (2000): 1416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.859491.

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2

Koch, Stefan, Marc Guthoerl, Ingmar Kallfass, Arnulf Leuther, and Shin Saito. "A 120–145 GHz Heterodyne Receiver Chipset Utilizing the 140 GHz Atmospheric Window for Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Applications." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 45, no. 10 (October 2010): 1961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2010.2057830.

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3

Voll, Patricia, Lorene Samoska, Sarah Church, Judy M. Lau, Matthew Sieth, Todd Gaier, Pekka Kangaslahti, Mary Soria, Sami Tantawi, and Dan Van Winkle. "A G-band cryogenic MMIC heterodyne receiver module for astronomical applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 4, no. 3 (March 12, 2012): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078712000189.

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We report cryogenic noise temperature and gain measurements of a prototype heterodyne receiver module designed to operate in the atmospheric window centered on 150 GHz. The module utilizes monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) InP high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) amplifiers, a second harmonic mixer, and bandpass filters. Swept local oscillator (LO) measurements show an average gain of 22 dB and an average noise temperature of 87 K over a 40 GHz band from 140 to 180 GHz when the module is cooled to 22 K. A spot noise temperature of 58 K was measured at 166 GHz and is a record for cryogenic noise from HEMT amplifiers at this frequency. Intermediate frequency (IF) sweep measurements show a 20 GHz IF band with less than 94 K receiver noise temperature for a fixed LO of 83 GHz. The compact housing features a split-block design that facilitates quick assembly and a condensed arrangement of the MMIC components and bias circuitry. DC feedthroughs and nano-miniature connectors also contribute to the compact design, so that the dimensions of the moduleare approximately 2.5 cm per side.

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4

Testa, Paolo Valerio, Vincent Riess, Corrado Carta, and Frank Ellinger. "A 130 nm-SiGe-BiCMOS Low-Power Receiver Based on Distributed Amplifier Techniques for Broadband Applications From 140 GHz to 200 GHz." IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems 2 (2021): 508–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2021.3103604.

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5

Carpenter, Sona, Zhongxia Simon He, and Herbert Zirath. "Multi-functional D-bandI/Qmodulator/demodulator MMICs in SiGe BiCMOS technology." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 5-6 (April 3, 2018): 596–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718000338.

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AbstractThis paper presents the design and characterization of a D-band (110–170 GHz) monolithic microwave integrated direct carrier quadrature modulator and demodulator circuits with on-chip quadrature local oscillator (LO) phase shifter and radio frequency (RF) balun fabricated in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS process withft/fmaxof 250 GHz/400 GHz. These circuits are suitable for low-power ultra-high-speed wireless communication and can be used in both homodyne and heterodyne architectures. In single-sideband operation, the modulator demonstrates a maximum conversion gain of 9.8 dB with 3-dB RF bandwidth of 33 GHz (from 119 GHz to 152 GHz). The measured image rejection ratio (IRR) and LO suppression are 19 dB and 31 dB, respectively. The outputP1dBis −4 dBm at 140 GHz RF and 1 GHz intermediate frequency (IF) and the chip consumes 53 mW dc power. The demodulator, characterized as an image reject mixer, exhibits 10 dB conversion gain with 23-dB IRR. The measured 3-dB RF bandwidth is 36 GHz and the IF bandwidth is 18 GHz. The active area of both the chips is 620 µm × 480 µm including the RF and LO baluns. A 12-Gbit/s QPSK data transmission using 131-GHz carrier signal is demonstrated on modulator with measured modulator-to-receiver error vector magnitude of 21%.

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6

Yoon, Daekeun, Kiryong Song, Mehmet Kaynak, Bernd Tillack, and Jae-Sung Rieh. "An Oscillator and a Mixer for 140-GHz Heterodyne Receiver Front-End based on SiGe HBT Technology." JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/jsts.2015.15.1.029.

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7

Meaney, Paul, Alexander Hartov, Timothy Raynolds, Cynthia Davis, Sebastian Richter, Florian Schoenberger, Shireen Geimer, and Keith Paulsen. "Low Cost, High Performance, 16-Channel Microwave Measurement System for Tomographic Applications." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 22, 2020): 5436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185436.

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We have developed a multichannel software defined radio-based transceiver measurement system for use in general microwave tomographic applications. The unit is compact enough to fit conveniently underneath the current illumination tank of the Dartmouth microwave breast imaging system. The system includes 16 channels that can both transmit and receive and it operates from 500 MHz to 2.5 GHz while measuring signals down to −140 dBm. As is the case with multichannel systems, cross-channel leakage is an important specification and must be lower than the noise floors for each receiver. This design exploits the isolation inherent when the individual receivers for each channel are physically separate; however, these challenging specifications require more involved signal isolation techniques at both the system design level and the individual, shielded component level. We describe the isolation design techniques for the critical system elements and demonstrate specification compliance at both the component and system level.

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8

Pan, Quan, Xiongshi Luo, Zhenghao Li, Zhengzhe Jia, Fuzhan Chen, Xuewei Ding, and C. Patrick Yue. "A 26-Gb/s CMOS optical receiver with a reference-less CDR in 65-nm CMOS." Journal of Semiconductors 43, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 072401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/43/7/072401.

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Abstract This paper presents a 26-Gb/s CMOS optical receiver that is fabricated in 65-nm technology. It consists of a triple-inductive transimpedance amplifier (TIA), direct current (DC) offset cancellation circuits, 3-stage gm-TIA variable-gain amplifiers (VGA), and a reference-less clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit with built-in equalization technique. The TIA/VGA front-end measurement results demonstrate 72-dBΩ transimpedance gain, 20.4-GHz −3-dB bandwidth, and 12-dB DC gain tuning range. The measurements of the VGA’s resistive networks also demonstrate its efficient capability of overcoming the voltage and temperature variations. The CDR adopts a full-rate topology with 12-dB imbedded equalization tuning range. Optical measurements of this chipset achieve a 10−12 BER at 26 Gb/s for a 215−1 PRBS input with a −7.3-dBm input sensitivity. The measurement results with a 10-dB @ 13 GHz attenuator also demonstrate the effectiveness of the gain tuning capability and the built-in equalization. The entire system consumes 140 mW from a 1/1.2-V supply.

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9

Korneev, D., S. Petrov, and S. Markov. "The latest developments of microwave diagnostics for high temperature plasma in ELVA-1 company." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): C10025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10025.

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Abstract For nearly 30 years, we have been designing and supplying instruments for microwave diagnostics of high temperature plasma. This report provides a description of the mm-wave components we utilize to make diagnostics within the frequency range of 26–330 GHz. While most of these components are standard and readily available on the market, we have also developed a few specific devices that simplify the architecture of our instruments. The article includes descriptions of these devices: Backward Wave Oscillators (BWO), Impact Ionization Avalanche Transit-Time diode (IMPATT) sources, IMPATT Active Frequency Multipliers (AFM), Noise Sources, and Electronically Controlled Attenuators. Furthermore, we offer an overview of the microwave plasma diagnostics we have supplied, including ECE radiometers operating at 50–220 GHz, as well as heterodyne interferometers operating at fixed frequency 94 GHz, 140 GHz, or 300 GHz. We also discuss methods employed to ensure measurement stability and present the achieved results. The advent of the new era of modern Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) based devices has brought forth exciting possibilities. As an example, we discuss the upgrade of the low noise receiver for the Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X, which enables ion temperature measurements in the plasma core [1]. Lastly, we provide a list of MMIC-based devices that are currently available and have garnered the attention of the plasma diagnostics community.

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10

Silva, A., J. Dias, J. Santos, F. da Silva, and B. Gonçalves. "FM-CW compact reflectometer using DDS signal generation." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): C11005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/11/c11005.

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Abstract A prototype of a compact coherent fast frequency sweeping RF back-end is being developed at IPFN-IST using commercial Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMIC). On this work we present the usability of this concept of compact reflectometry associated with a Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) source. Flexibility is one of the design goals for the back-end prototype, so that it can easily match the required frequency range. The backend alone covers the NATO J-band (10 GHz to 20 GHz) and is designed to drive external full band frequency multipliers, resulting in an ultra-wideband coverage of up to 140 GHz. FM-CW radar precision is strongly dependent on the probing source linearity. DDS nowadays plays an important role in signal generation in many fields of applications for communication systems as well as in radar technology. Modern DDSs are fully integrated, low-cost, single chip solutions that only need an external clock source for generating sinusoidal output signals up to several gigahertz. The DDS benefits from the totally digital generation of the output signal, which allows full control of the signal’s frequency and phase, both with very high precision and resolution. Recent implementations feature automatic sweeping capability, thus allowing the DDS to generate very linear and agile frequency chirps, assuming a high quality and constant frequency reference clock source. We propose to implement a DDS signal generation solution with the capability of a full band sweep in 1 μs. On the receiver side the IF and reference signals will be digitised allowing the use of high flexible data processing techniques. Input/output signals will allow the synchronisation of several systems.

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11

Sunada, K., R. Kawabe, and J. Inatani. "Wide-Band Tunerless Mixer Mounts for 100 GHz and 150 GHz SIS receivers." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 140 (1994): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100019175.

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AbstractThe performance of the new SIS receiver systems at the Nobeyama Millimeter Array are described. These receivers operate at 100 GHz and 150 GHz bands and tunerless mixer mounts have been adopted. These receivers show very low noise temperature (< 50 K) over a very wide frequency range because of the large embedding impedance range.

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12

Mirbeik, Amir, Laleh Najafizadeh, and Negar Ebadi. "A Synthetic Ultra-Wideband Transceiver for Millimeter-Wave Imaging Applications." Micromachines 14, no. 11 (October 31, 2023): 2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14112031.

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In this work, we present a transceiver front-end in SiGe BiCMOS technology that can provide an ultra-wide bandwidth of 100 GHz at millimeter-wave frequencies. The front-end utilizes an innovative arrangement to efficiently distribute broadband-generated pulses and coherently combine received pulses with minimal loss. This leads to the realization of a fully integrated ultra-high-resolution imaging chip for biomedical applications. We realized an ultra-wide imaging band-width of 100 GHz via the integration of two adjacent disjointed frequency sub-bands of 10–50 GHz and 50–110 GHz. The transceiver front-end is capable of both transmit (TX) and receive (RX) operations. This is a crucial component for a system that can be expanded by repeating a single unit cell in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The imaging elements were designed and fabricated in Global Foundry 130-nm SiGe 8XP process technology.

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13

Archer, John W. "High‐performance, 2.5‐K cryostat incorporating a 100–120‐GHz dual polarization receiver." Review of Scientific Instruments 56, no. 3 (March 1985): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138321.

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14

Wehres, Nadine, Bettina Heyne, Frank Lewen, Marius Hermanns, Bernhard Schmidt, Christian Endres, Urs U. Graf, Daniel R. Higgins, and Stephan Schlemmer. "100 GHz Room-Temperature Laboratory Emission Spectrometer." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S332 (March 2017): 332–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317007803.

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AbstractWe present first results of a new heterodyne spectrometer dedicated to high-resolution spectroscopy of molecules of astrophysical importance. The spectrometer, based on a room-temperature heterodyne receiver, is sensitive to frequencies between 75 and 110 GHz with an instantaneous bandwidth of currently 2.5 GHz in a single sideband. The system performance, in particular the sensitivity and stability, is evaluated. Proof of concept of this spectrometer is demonstrated by recording the emission spectrum of methyl cyanide, CH3CN. Compared to state-of-the-art radio telescope receivers the instrument is less sensitive by about one order of magnitude. Nevertheless, the capability for absolute intensity measurements can be exploited in various experiments, in particular for the interpretation of the ever richer spectra in the ALMA era. The ease of operation at room-temperature allows for long time integration, the fast response time for integration in chirped pulse instruments or for recording time dependent signals. Future prospects as well as limitations of the receiver for the spectroscopy of complex organic molecules (COMs) are discussed.

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15

Chin, C. C., D. Derdall, J. Sebesta, F. Jiang, P. Dindo, G. Rodrigues, D. Bond, et al. "A Low Noise 100 GHz Sideband-Separating Receiver." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 25, no. 4 (April 2004): 569–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ijim.0000020748.79086.e9.

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16

Ogawa, H., A. Mizuno, H. Hoko, H. Ishikawa, and Y. Fukui. "A 110 GHz SIS receiver for radio astronomy." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 11, no. 6 (June 1990): 717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01010041.

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17

Goel, Ankush, Behnam Analui, and Hossein Hashemi. "A 130-nm CMOS 100-Hz–6-GHz Reconfigurable Vector Signal Analyzer and Software-Defined Receiver." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 60, no. 5 (May 2012): 1375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2012.2190091.

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18

Valenta, Václav, Thomas Spreng, Shuai Yuan, Wolfgang Winkler, Volker Ziegler, Dragos Dancila, Anders Rydberg, and Hermann Schumacher. "Design and experimental evaluation of compensated bondwire interconnects above 100 GHz." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 7, no. 3-4 (March 30, 2015): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000070.

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Different types of bondwire interconnect for differential chip-to-antenna and single-ended chip-to-chip interfaces are investigated. Two differential compensation structures for various lengths of interconnects are designed and experimentally evaluated using dedicated transmit and receive radar modules operating across a 110–156 GHz band. Measurement results demonstrate that a fractional bandwidth of 7.5% and a minimum insertion loss of 0.2 dB can be achieved for differential interconnects as long as 0.8 mm. Design and measurement results of an extremely wideband low-loss single-ended chip-to-chip bondwire interconnect that features 1.5 dB bandwidth from DC to 170 GHz and insertion loss of less than 1 dB at 140 GHz are presented as well. The results show that the well-established wire-bonding techniques are still an attractive solution even beyond 100 GHz. Reproducibility and scalability of the proposed solutions are assessed as well.

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19

Wu, T. Y. "High dynamic range 140–220 GHz radiometer using dual-channel superheterodyne receivers." Electronics Letters 47, no. 19 (2011): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2011.2066.

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20

Sunada, K., R. Kawabe, and J. Inatani. "Tunerless mixer mount for an SIS 80–120 GHz receiver." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 14, no. 6 (June 1993): 1251–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02146255.

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21

Han, Seog-Tae, Chang-Hoon Lee, Hyo-Ryoung Kim, and Dong-Chul Park. "A 100-GHz-band heterodyne sis receiver for the trao telescope." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 17, no. 1 (January 1996): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02088186.

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22

He, Fei, Yuhan Ding, Zhongchen Xu, Menghu Ni, Yibo Tian, Zhenyi Zhang, Zhixiang Shi, Kailei Wang, Qian Xie, and Zheng Wang. "A D-Band Direct-Conversion IQ Receiver with 28 dB CG and 7.3 dB NF in 130 nm SiGe Process." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010087.

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In this paper, a D-band direct conversion IQ receiver with on-chip multiplier chain is presented. The D-band LNA with gain-boosting and stagger-tunning technique is implemented to provide high gain and large bandwidth. X9 multiplier chain including Marchand balun and quadrature (90°) hybrid is employed to provide four path LO signal to drive IQ mixer. This receiver is implemented in a 130nm SiGe process and consumes a core area of 1.04 mm2. From the experimental results, the proposed receiver exhibits a 20 GHz bandwidth from 150 GHz to 170 GHz, with CG of 28 dB and NF of 7.3 dB at 158 GHz.

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23

Jeon, Yuseok, and Jaejin Koo. "Design of Front-End Receiver and Matrix for 2–18 GHz with a Searching and Tracking Function for an ELINT System." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 23, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.1.r.142.

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In this paper, we describe the design and fabrication of a front-end receiver and matrix modules for 2−18 GHz with high gain, good phase matching characteristics, and reliability; this was accomplished by applying a chip-and-wire process using a bare-type monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) device. To compensate for the mismatch among many sub-modules, a front-end module, matrix module, and built-in test module suitable for sub-band frequency characteristics were designed and applied to the direct receiver. The matrix box used a high-pass filter to remove unwanted low frequencies and a 4-way divider to distribute single input BIT signals. The broadband receiver module had two paths: a phase path and an amplitude path. Phase- and amplitude-matched radio frequency semi-rigid cables of different lengths were used to connect to the internal sub-modules of the matrix receiver. The main RF line was a dielectric substrate, RT/Duroid 5880, with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and a dielectric thickness of 0.127 mm. The sizes of the front-end receiver and matrix box were 137 mm × 120 mm × 31 mm and 250 mm × 238 mm × 138 mm, respectively. In the wideband frequency receiver module, the gain was 22.99 dB at mid-band (frequency 2−6 GHz) with a return loss of about 14.76 dB. Th e gain was 23.25 dB at a high band (frequency 6−18 GHz), having a return loss of about 11.63 dB. The peak values of phase matching among the channels for 2–6 GHz were ±3.30°, and the peak values of phase matching among the channels for 6–18 GHz were ±8.24°.

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24

Shitov, S. V., V. P. Koshelets, S. A. Kovtonyuk, An B. Ermakov, N. D. Whyborn, and C. O. Lindstrom. "Ultra-low-noise 100 GHz receiver based on parallel biased SIS arrays." Superconductor Science and Technology 4, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/4/9/006.

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25

Yamamoto, Masayuki, Katsutoshi Yamaji, Keiichi Watazawa, Junji Inatani, Ryohei Kawabe, and Takashi Kasuga. "Dual-frequency (40/100 GHz) SIS receiver for nobeyama millimeter-wave array." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part II: Electronics) 72, no. 12 (1989): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecjb.4420721206.

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26

Gao, Shuang, Yutong Jiang, Zhuoxin Li, Qing Zhong, Min Zhu, and Jiao Zhang. "2 km Uncompressed HD Video Wireless Transmission at 100 GHz Based on All-Optical Frequency Up- and Down-Conversion." Micromachines 15, no. 12 (December 11, 2024): 1488. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15121488.

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The millimeter-wave wireless transmission system is widely regarded as a promising solution for applications of future 6G communication. This paper presents an experimental comparison between all-optical and all-electric receivers for millimeter-wave communication systems over a 15 m wireless link and demonstrates 200 m and 2 km real-time uncompressed HD video transmission using an all-optical transceiver at 100 GHz. The systems leverage photonics-assisted heterodyne beating techniques at the transmitter, while the receivers employ either an avalanche photodiode (APD)-based all-optical approach or an envelope detection-based all-electric approach. Experimental results show that the all-optical transceiver supports significantly higher transmission rates, achieving error-free transmission at up to 11.318 Gbps over a 200 m wireless link without clock recovery, compared to the all-electric receiver, which is limited to only 3.125 Gbps error-free 15 m transmission. This work proves that the proposed system based on the all-optical receiver is more promising for supporting future 6G scenarios requiring ultra-wideband, high capacity, and wide coverage high-speed wireless communications.

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27

Sieth, Matthew, Sarah Church, Judy M. Lau, Patricia Voll, Todd Gaier, Pekka Kangaslahti, Lorene Samoska, et al. "Technology developments for a large-format heterodyne MMIC array at W-band." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 4, no. 3 (April 12, 2012): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078712000293.

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We report on the development of W-band (75–110 GHz) heterodyne receiver technology for large-format astronomical arrays. The receiver system is designed to be both mass producible, so that the designs could be scaled to thousands of receiver elements, and modular. Most of the receiver functionality is integrated into compact monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) amplifier-based multichip modules. The MMIC modules include a chain of InP MMIC low-noise amplifiers, coupled-line bandpass filters, and sub-harmonic Schottky diode mixers. The receiver signals will be routed to and from the MMIC modules on a multilayer high-frequency laminate, which includes splitters, amplifiers, and frequency triplers. A prototype MMIC module has exhibited a band-averaged noise temperature of 41 K from 82 to 100 GHz and a gain of 29 dB at 15 K, which is the state-of-the-art for heterodyne multichip modules.

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28

Masui, Sho, Yasumasa Yamasaki, Hideo Ogawa, Hiroshi Kondo, Koki Yokoyama, Takeru Matsumoto, Taisei Minami, et al. "Development of a new wideband heterodyne receiver system for the Osaka 1.85 m mm–submm telescope: Receiver development and the first light of simultaneous observations in 230 GHz and 345 GHz bands with an SIS-mixer with 4–21 GHz IF output." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 73, no. 4 (June 12, 2021): 1100–1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psab046.

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Abstract We have developed a wideband receiver system for simultaneous observations in CO lines of J = 2–1 and J = 3–2 transitions using the Osaka 1.85 m mm–submm telescope. As a frequency separation system, we developed multiplexers that connect three types of diplexers, each consisting of branch-line couplers and high-pass filters. The radio frequency (RF) signal is eventually distributed into four frequency bands, each of which is fed to a superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) mixer. The RF signal from the horn is divided into two frequency bands by a wideband diplexer with a fractional bandwidth of $56\%$, and then each frequency band is further divided into two bands by each diplexer. The developed multiplexers were designed, fabricated, and characterized using a vector network analyzer. The measurement results showed good agreement with the simulation. The receiver noise temperature was measured by connecting the SIS-mixers, one of which has a wideband 4–21 GHz intermediate frequency (IF) output. The receiver noise temperatures were measured to be ∼70 K in the 220 GHz band, ∼100 K in the 230 GHz band, 110–175 K in the 330 GHz band, and 150–250 K in the 345 GHz band. This receiver system has been installed on the 1.85 m telescope at the Nobeyama Radio Observatory. We succeeded in simultaneous observations of six CO isotopologue lines with the transitions of J = 2–1 and J = 3–2 toward the Orion KL as well as on-the-fly mappings toward the Orion KL and W 51.

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29

Eissa, M. H., A. Awny, M. Ko, K. Schmalz, M. Elkhouly, A. Malignaggi, A. C. Ulusoy, and D. Kissinger. "A 220–275 GHz Direct-Conversion Receiver in 130-nm SiGe:C BiCMOS Technology." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 27, no. 7 (July 2017): 675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2017.2711559.

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30

Winkler, D., N. G. Ugras, A. H. Worsham, D. E. Prober, N. R. Erickson, and P. F. Goldsmith. "A full-band waveguide SIS receiver with integrated tuning for 75-110 GHz." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 27, no. 2 (March 1991): 2634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.133752.

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31

Pei, Xin, Jian Li, Xuefeng Duan, and Hailong Zhang. "QTT Ultra-wideband Signal Acquisition and Baseband Data Recording System Design Based on the RFSoC Platform." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 135, no. 1049 (July 1, 2023): 075003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ace12d.

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Abstract The 110 m QiTai radio Telescope (QTT) will be equipped with multiple Ultra-WideBand (UWB) receivers in the primary and Gregory focus to achieve continuous frequency coverage from 270 MHz to 115 GHz, which poses great challenges to signal acquisition, transmission, and real-time processing. Aiming at 10 GHz and above full-bandwidth acquisition and multi-scientific processing for the QTT UWB signals, an experimental system with high-speed signal acquisition, 100 Gb network multi-path distribution, and fast recording is designed by using advanced direct RF-sampling technology and heterogeneous architecture. The system employs a ZCU111 board to digitize dual-polarization signals with a sampling rate of 4.096 GigaSamples-Per-Second and 12-bit quantization. The collected wideband signals are channelized into 2048 chunks, which are then assembled into 16 sets of digital narrow basebands with 128 MHz bandwidth and transmitted to the processing servers through two 100 Gb ports. A HASPIPE pipeline, UWB_HASHPIPE is designed to receive and store multiple subbands in parallel. Data distribution links can be flexibly configured based on IP addresses and port numbers. The system is verified by pulsar observation experiments on the Nanshan 26 m telescope. 512 MHz bandwidth is selected from the collected L-band receiver signals and recorded in VDIF file format with 8 parallel instances. The test results show that the data integrity is excellent, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the band-merged pulsar profile is stronger than single subband data. This paper provides a high-performance and flexible solution for the design of versatile UWB backends. Meanwhile, the developed platform can be integrated into QTT backends for baseband data collection and Very Long Baseline Interferometry observation.

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32

Silva Valdecasa, Guillermo, Jose A. Altabas, Monika Kupska, Jesper Bevensee Jensen та Tom K. Johansen. "A 5–50 GHz SiGe BiCMOS Linear Transimpedance Amplifier with 68 dBΩ Differential Gain towards Highly Integrated Quasi-Coherent Receivers". Electronics 10, № 19 (26 вересня 2021): 2349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192349.

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Quasi-coherent optical receivers have recently emerged targeting access networks, offering improved sensitivity and reach over direct-detection schemes at the expense of a higher receiver bandwidth. Higher levels of system integration together with sufficiently wideband front-end blocks, and in particular high-speed linear transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs), are currently demanded to reduce cost and scale up receiver data rates. In this article, we report on the design and testing of a linear TIA enabling high-speed quasi-coherent receivers. A shunt-feedback loaded common-base topology is adopted, with gain control provided by a subsequent Gilbert cell stage. The circuit was fabricated in a commercial 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology and has a bandpass characteristic with a 3 dB bandwidth in the range of 5–50 GHz. A differential transimpedance gain of 68 dBΩ was measured, with 896 mVpp of maximum differential output swing at the 1 dB compression point. System experiments in a quasi-coherent receiver demonstrate an optical receiver sensitivity of −30.5 dBm (BER = 1 × 10−3) at 10 Gbps, and −26 dBm (BER = 1 × 10−3) at 25 Gbps. The proposed TIA represents an enabling component towards highly integrated quasi-coherent receivers.

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33

Abbasi, Arash, and Frederic Nabki. "A Design Methodology for Wideband Current-Reuse Receiver Front-Ends Aimed at Low-Power Applications." Electronics 11, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091493.

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This work gives a design perspective on low-power and wideband RF-to-Baseband current-reuse receivers (CRR). The proposed CRR architecture design shares a single supply and biasing current among both LNTA and baseband circuits to reduce power consumption. The work discusses topology selection and a suitable design procedure of the low noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA), down-conversion passive-mixer, active-inductor (AI) and TIA circuits. Layout considerations are also discussed. The receiver was simulated in 130 nm CMOS technology and occupies an active area of 0.025 mm2. It achieves a wideband input matching of less than −10 dB from 0.8 GHz to 3.4 GHz. A conversion-gain of 39.5 dB, IIP3 of −28 dBm and a double-sideband (DSB) NF of 5.6 dB is simulated at a local-oscillator (LO) frequency of 2.4 GHz and an intermediate frequency (IF) of 10 MHz, while consuming 1.92 mA from a 1.2 V supply.

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34

Delgado, G. F. "Optically controlled quasi-optical local oscillator injection for a 100 GHz SIS imaging receiver." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 43, no. 9 (1995): 2364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.414590.

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35

Worsham, A. H., D. E. Prober, J. H. Kang, J. X. Przybysz, and M. J. Rooks. "High-quality sub-micron Nb trilayer tunnel junctions for a 100 GHz SIS receiver." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 27, no. 2 (March 1991): 3165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.133883.

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36

Trinh, Van-Son, Jeong-Moon Song, and Jung-Dong Park. "A 280 GHz 30GHz Bandwidth Cascaded Amplifier Using Flexible Interstage Matching Strategy in 130 nm SiGe Technology." Electronics 11, no. 19 (September 24, 2022): 3045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193045.

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This paper presents a 280 GHz amplifier design strategy for a robust multistage amplifier in a sub-Terahertz (sub-THz) regime in 130 nm SiGe technology. The presented 280 GHz amplifier consists of 14 stages of the cascaded common emitter (CE) amplifier which offers a compact and improved-noise design due to the absence of the area-expensive and lossy baluns at such high frequencies. The interstage-matching network was flexibly constructed with two separate resonant tanks using metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitors and microstrip transmission lines (MSTLs) between each stage. The measured amplifier achieved a peak power gain of 10.9 dB at 283 GHz and a 3 dB gain of bandwidth of 30 GHz between 270 and 300 GHz. The peak output power of the amplifier was 0.8 dBm with an output of 1 dB gain compression point (OP1dB) of -3.6 dBm in simulation. The 14-stage amplifier consumes an area of 0.213 mm2, including all the pads. With the proposed interstage matching approach, a well-balanced 280 GHz amplifier has been demonstrated. The proposed design strategy is widely applicable to sub-THz receivers for future wireless communication systems.

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37

Lopez-Diaz, Daniel, Ingmar Kallfass, Axel Tessmann, Rainer Weber, Hermann Massler, Arnulf Leuther, Michael Schlechtweg, and Oliver Ambacher. "High-performance 60 GHz MMICs for wireless digital communication in 100 nm mHEMT technology." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, no. 2 (March 3, 2011): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000109.

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Wireless data communication is pushing towards 60 GHz and will most likely be served by SiGe and Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technologies in the consumer market. Nevertheless, some applications are imposing superior performance requirements on the analog frontend, and employing III-V compound semiconductors can provide significant advantages with respect to transmitter power and noise figure. In this paper, we present essential building blocks and a novel single-chip low complexity transceiver Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) with integrated antenna switches for 60 GHz communication, fabricated in a 100 nm metamorphic high electron mobility transistor (mHEMT) technology. This technology features a measured noise figure of <2.5 dB in low-noise amplifiers at 60 GHz and the realized medium power amplifiers achieve more than 20 dBm saturated output power. Integrated antenna switches with an insertion loss of less than 1.5 dB enable the integration of the transmit and the receive stages on a single chip. A single-chip transceiver with external subharmonic Local Oscillator (LO) supply for its I/Q down- and up-converter achieves a linear conversion gain in both, the Transmit (Tx) and the Receive (Rx) paths, of more than 10 dB.

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38

Singh, Mehtab. "Simulative Analysis of DWDM-Based Multiple-Beam FSO Communication Network under Adverse Weather Conditions." Journal of Optical Communications 39, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2016-0158.

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Abstract In this paper, a hybrid DWDM/multiple-beam free space optics (FSO) communication link has been proposed consisting of 16 channels with the channel spacing of 100 GHz (0.8 nm) each transmitting at 2.5 Gbps bit rate. At the receiver terminal, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is used to amplify the received signal. The results show an improved performance of hybrid DWDM/multiple-beam FSO link in terms of Q factor, received power, and link distance under rain attenuation of 19.2 dB/km. The proposed link design was able to transmit data from 16 channels, each transmitting at a bit rate of 2.5 Gbps along a link length of 2,300 m in FSO link under heavy rain weather conditions.

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39

F. Khazaal, Hasan, Hawraa Saadoon, and Thamer Jamel. "The Effects Of Different Weather Conditions On 5G Millimeter Waves Propagations at 38 GHz and 73 GHz For Kut-City in Iraq." Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences 10, no. 2 (June 8, 2022): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss2.274.

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It is critical to utilize a good model for predicting acceptable and optimum frequencies while designing and planning for the future generation wireless communications system's channel. This paper explains how the weather conditions affect the strength of the transmitted signal in various environments and circumstances, as well as how the mmWave behaves as it passes through free space and the atmosphere. An NYUSIM simulator package is used for predicting the performance of the channel for two months (January and July). Two frequencies were used, 38 GHz and 73 GHz to test the channel performance and which frequency is the best suited for the Kut city environment. The simulation results shown that an agreement with the 38 GHz for its lower path loss and acceptable received power. The weather database was real and actual obtained from the Iraqi meteorological organization and seismology reports consist of (rain, fog and temperature). The result for both directional and omnidirectional power delay profile showed a great agreement at 38 GHz for the two months (January and July), where the path loss and received power at 38 GHz for January is 127 dB and -47.2 dBm respectively, where for 73 GHz the path loss is 135.4 dB and with a received power of -55.7 dBm. At July the path loss and received power for 38 GHz and 73 GHz is (123 dB, -43.2 dBm) and (130 dB, -43.2 dBm) respectively.

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40

Sitompul, Peberlin Parulian, Pakhrur Razi, Timbul Manik, Mario Batubara, Musthofa Lathif, Farahhati Mumtahana, Rizal Suryana, et al. "A Study for a Radio Telescope in Indonesia: Parabolic Design, Simulation of a Horn Antenna, and Radio Frequency Survey in Frequency of 0.045–18 GHz." Aerospace 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2024): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11010052.

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After years of preparation, the Indonesia National Observatory, located in Mount Timau, Kupang Regency, is currently in the completion stage of research in astronomy and astrophysics and related subjects. An optic telescope with a 3.8 m diameter is expected to receive its first light in mid-2024. A feasibility study for Indonesia’s radio telescopes and networks is in progress. A single-dish parabolic radio antenna with a diameter of 20 m is proposed to work in a frequency range of 1–50 GHz. An array dipole antenna with an area of 100 m × 100 m will also be installed at a 70–350 MHz frequency. A feasibility study about system design is in progress, and a radio frequency interference (RFI) survey has been underway since 2014. In this paper, we described the design of radio telescopes such as parabolic reflectors, horn antenna, and the radio frequency interference (RFI) in the surrounding area of the National Observatory, covering the frequency band from 45 MHz to 18 GHz. The frequencies in 45–85 MHz and 120–360 MHz intervals are still relatively quiet and suitable for developing radio telescopes. The selected higher frequency of 1.4 GHz for a neutral hydrogen (HI) spectral line, 6.6 GHz for a methanol (CH3OH) spectral line, and 8.6 GHz for a helium (3 He+) spectral line is still relatively quiet and suitable for the development of radio telescopes.

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41

Golcuk, Fatih, Tumay Kanar, and Gabriel M. Rebeiz. "A 90 - 100-GHz 4 x 4 SiGe BiCMOS Polarimetric Transmit/Receive Phased Array With Simultaneous Receive-Beams Capabilities." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 61, no. 8 (August 2013): 3099–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2013.2269293.

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42

Sakalas, Mantas, Niko Joram, and Frank Ellinger. "A 1.5–40 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave radar receiver front-end." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 13, no. 6 (February 18, 2021): 532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078721000118.

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AbstractThis study presents an ultra-wideband receiver front-end, designed for a reconfigurable frequency modulated continuous wave radar in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. A variety of innovative circuit components and design techniques were employed to achieve the ultra-wide bandwidth, low noise figure (NF), good linearity, and circuit ruggedness to high input power levels. The designed front-end is capable of achieving 1.5–40 GHz bandwidth, 30 dB conversion gain, a double sideband NF of 6–10.7 dB, input return loss better than 7.5 dB and an input referred 1 dB compression point of −23 dBm. The front-end withstands continuous wave power levels of at least 25 and 20 dBm at low band and high band inputs respectively. At 3 V supply voltage, the DC power consumption amounts to 302 mW when the low band is active and 352 mW for the high band case, whereas the total IC size is $3.08\, {\rm nm{^2}}$.

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43

LIU, J. J., M. A. DO, X. P. YU, K. S. YEO, S. JIANG, and J. G. MA. "CMOS EVEN HARMONIC SWITCHING MIXER FOR DIRECT CONVERSION RECEIVERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 15, no. 02 (April 2006): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126606003131.

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DC offset and high flicker noise are the main problems for the direct conversion CMOS mixer design. A novel even harmonic switching mixer implemented in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process for applications in 2.45 GHz direct conversion receivers is proposed. The mixer circuit overcomes the problems of DC offset and high flicker noise. It achieves -8.24 dB gain, 5.2 dB DSB noise figure at 100 KHz, 17.25 dBm IIP3 and zero DC power consumption.

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44

Antonescu, Bogdan, Miead Tehrani Moayyed, and Stefano Basagni. "Clustering Algorithms and Validation Indices for a Wide mmWave Spectrum." Information 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10090287.

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Radio channel propagation models for the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum are extremely important for planning future 5G wireless communication systems. Transmitted radio signals are received as clusters of multipath rays. Identifying these clusters provides better spatial and temporal characteristics of the mmWave channel. This paper deals with the clustering process and its validation across a wide range of frequencies in the mmWave spectrum below 100 GHz. By way of simulations, we show that in outdoor communication scenarios clustering of received rays is influenced by the frequency of the transmitted signal. This demonstrates the sparse characteristic of the mmWave spectrum (i.e., we obtain a lower number of rays at the receiver for the same urban scenario). We use the well-known k-means clustering algorithm to group arriving rays at the receiver. The accuracy of this partitioning is studied with both cluster validity indices (CVIs) and score fusion techniques. Finally, we analyze how the clustering solution changes with narrower-beam antennas, and we provide a comparison of the cluster characteristics for different types of antennas.

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45

Solano-Perez, Jose Antonio, María-Teresa Martínez-Inglés, Jose-Maria Molina-Garcia-Pardo, Jordi Romeu, Lluis Jofre, José-Víctor Rodríguez, and Antonio Mateo-Aroca. "Linear and Circular UWB Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Monostatic Near-Field Synthetic Aperture Imaging." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 11, 2020): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061544.

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Millimeter-wave and terahertz frequencies offer unique characteristics to simultaneously obtain good spatial resolution and penetrability. In this paper, a robust near-field monostatic focusing technique is presented and successfully applied for the internal imaging of different penetrable geometries. These geometries and environments are related to the growing need to furnish new vehicles with radar-sensing devices that can visualize their surroundings in a clear and robust way. Sub-millimeter-wave radar sensing offers enhanced capabilities in providing information with a high level of accuracy and quality, even under adverse weather conditions. The aim of this paper was to research the capability of this radar system for imaging purposes from an analytical and experimental point of view. Two sets of measurements, using reference targets, were performed in the W band at 100 GHz (75 to 110 GHz) and terahertz band at 300 GHz (220 to 330 GHz). The results show spatial resolutions of millimeters in both the range (longitudinal) and the cross-range (transversal) dimensions for the two different imaging geometries in terms of the location of the transmitter and receiver (frontal or lateral views). The imaging quality in terms of spatial accuracy and target material parameter was investigated and optimized.

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46

Afroz, Sadia, and Kwang-Jin Koh. "$W$ -Band (92–100 GHz) Phased-Array Receive Channel With Quadrature-Hybrid-Based Vector Modulator." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 65, no. 7 (July 2018): 2070–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2017.2779941.

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47

Ding, Cong, Bowen Wang, Haxin Song, Woogeun Rhee, and Zhihua Wang. "A 3.5-GHz 0.24-nJ/b 100-Mb/s Fully Balanced FSK Receiver With Sideband Energy Detection." IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters 4 (2021): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lssc.2021.3050800.

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48

FUJIMOTO, Ryuichi, Mizuki MOTOYOSHI, Kyoya TAKANO, Uroschanit YODPRASIT, and Minoru FUJISHIMA. "A 120-GHz Transmitter and Receiver Chipset with 9-Gbps Data Rate Using 65-nm CMOS Technology." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E95.C, no. 7 (2012): 1154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e95.c.1154.

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49

Alves, Tiago M. F., and Adolfo V. T. Cartaxo. "100-Gb/s DD-MB-OFDM Metro Network With 11-Gb/s Granularity and 2.85-GHz Receiver." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 27, no. 24 (December 15, 2015): 2551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2015.2475717.

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50

Huang, Ching‐Ying, Kun‐Long Wu, Robert Hu, and Chi‐Yang Chang. "Analysis of wide‐IF‐band 65 nm‐CMOS mixer for 77–110 GHz radio‐astronomical receiver design." IET Circuits, Devices & Systems 13, no. 3 (April 2019): 406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cds.2018.5269.

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