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Готові списки джерел за темами / 2-step pyrolysis / Статті в журналах

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Статті в журналах з теми "2-step pyrolysis"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 червня 2025

Оновлено: 2 серпня 2025

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1

Liu, Lu, Yali Zheng, Peng Gong, Guangcai Shao, and Xu Huang. "Influence of preparation conditions on the physical structure and surface properties of enteromorpha clathrate bio-char." MATEC Web of Conferences 358 (2022): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235801032.

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Анотація:

Bio-char with rich pore structure was obtained by pyrolysis of enteromorpha clathrate (EC) and subsequent activation process. The effect of pyrolysis methods, KOH concentrations used in activation and heating rate was studied. A new method that combined pyrolysis and activation into one step was proposed. The bio-char obtained via slow pyrolysis at 450°C and 700°C had a certain pore structure. The bio-char obtained via fast pyrolysis had almost no effective pore structure and a large amount of organic matters still exist in the bio-char, while it had the largest specific surface area after act

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2

Ravichandran, P., P. Sugumaran, S. Seshadri, and Altaf H. Basta. "Optimizing the route for production of activated carbon from Casuarina equisetifolia fruit waste." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 7 (2018): 171578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171578.

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Анотація:

This work deals with optimizing the conditions of pyrolysis and type of activator to upgrade the use of Casuarina equisetifolia fruit waste (CFW) as available and a potential precursor, in production of activated carbon (AC). In this respect, the route of activation was carried out through one- and two-step pyrolysis processes, using different chemical activating agents, such as H 3 PO 4 , KOH and ZnCl 2 . The performance of the CFW-based ACs is assessed by estimating the physico-chemical characteristics (pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density and hardness), surface morphology and scanning

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3

Goodwin, Vituruch, Phanwatsa Amnaphiang, Pimpreeya Thungngern, Kong Kah Shin, Parncheewa Udomsap, and Nuwong Chollacoop. "Zeolite Supported Bimetallic Catalyst System: The Effect of Metal Loading for Catalytic Pyrolysis of Jatropha Residue." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.494.

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Two transition metals were loaded on H-ZSM-5 zeolite to produce bimetallic zeolite supported catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis reaction. Ni and Co metal were loaded on H-ZSM-5 via wet impregnation method. The loading sequence was applied using one-step and two-step loading method. The different loading sequence affect surface properties of catalyst and catalytic activity in pyrolysis reaction. The bimetallic catalysts were prepared at Ni+Co metal loading content of 10+10 wt% (Ni:Co=1:1) to 10+20 wt% (Ni:Co=1:2 or 2:1). All bimetallic catalysts supported on H-ZSM-5 were calcined and characteriz

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4

Zhou, Quan Cheng, Hong Mei Zhang, and De Mao Li. "Thermal Stability and Kinetic Analysis of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Polysaccharide." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3904–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3904.

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Pyrolysis and kinetic analysis of Xanthoceras Sorbifolia polysaccharide were evaluated using the TG-DTG/DTA method. The results indicated that its mass loss occured in three-step process . The first step could be attributed to the expulsion of water of crystallization at 25 - 176 °C. The second step corresponded to the large scale degradation of X. Sorbifolia polysaccharide in the temperature range of 179 - 661 °C. The final step was slow degradation of residues. Heating rate had significant effects on the pyrolysis of X. Sorbifolia polysaccharide and nitrogen could improve its stability. A cl

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5

Gupta, Murlidhar, Benjamin King, Fernando Preto, and Andrew McFarlan. "A comparative analysis of heat recovery and product stabilization in fluid-bed and ablative pyrolysis systems." E3S Web of Conferences 61 (2018): 00017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186100017.

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Nearly all existing commercial pyrolysis technologies employ single-step rapid condensation of vapours from 500 oC to 50 oC using sprays of cold bio-oil or liquid hydrocarbon as a quench fluid. This approach produces raw bio-oil, a non-homogenous mixture of hundreds of oxygenated organic compounds including organic acids and water. Single-step quench also results in loss of high quality heat to the ambient. In this work, a novel 3-stage fractional condensation approach has been proposed. The intent is to produce targeted stable products for value added applications as well to enhance the overa

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6

Cui, Ning, Kexiao Bi, Wei Sun, et al. "Effect of Pyrolysis Conditions on the Performance of Co–Doped MOF–Derived Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (2021): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101163.

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MOF–derived porous carbon is a type of promising catalyst to replace expensive Pt–based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The catalytic activity for ORR depends closely on pyrolysis conditions. In this work, a Co–doped ZIF–8 material was chosen as a research object. The effect of pyrolysis conditions (temperature, heating rate, two–step heating) on the ORR performance of ZIF–derived carbon catalysts was systematically studied. The Co–ZIF–8 catalyst carbonized at 900 °C exhibits better ORR catalytic activity than that carbonized at 800 °C and 1000 °C. Moreover, a low heating rate c

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7

Li, Jing, Chenmin Zhou, Jianshuai Mu, En-Cui Yang, and Xiao-Jun Zhao. "In situ synthesis of molybdenum carbide/N-doped carbon hybrids as an efficient hydrogen-evolution electrocatalyst." RSC Advances 8, no. 31 (2018): 17202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02020e.

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Анотація:

The molybdenum carbide/N-doped carbon hybrids (Mo<sub>2</sub>C@NC) were synthesized facilely via one-step high-temperature pyrolysis, which exhibited efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance.

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8

Yang, Ke, Yu Yan, Haiyang Wang, et al. "Monodisperse Cu/Cu2O@C core–shell nanocomposite supported on rGO layers as an efficient catalyst derived from a Cu-based MOF/GO structure." Nanoscale 10, no. 37 (2018): 17647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr04475a.

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9

Paalo, Maarja, Anu Adamson, Meelis Härmas, Enn Lust, and Alar Janes. "Peat Derived Carbon – Perfect Fit as an Electrode Material for High Power Supercapacitors and High Capacity Sodium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 11 (2024): 1515. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02111515mtgabs.

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In this work, we show how peat, abundant and cheap biomass, can be successfully used as a precursor to synthesize peat-derived carbons (PDCs), applicable as electrode materials both for supercapacitors (SC) and sodium-ion batteries (SIB). For supercapacitors, high surface area micro- and mesoporous carbon material is needed. For that, ZnCl2 activation method was used. From the comparative data characterizing the material with and without the ZnCl2 activation, it can be seen that mesopores have been formed in noticeable quantities after the ZnCl2 activation step (Fig. 1a), and the S BET value i

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10

Yousaf, Balal, Guijian Liu, Qumber Abbas, et al. "Enhanced removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous media using a highly stable and magnetically separable rosin-biochar-coated TiO2@C nanocomposite." RSC Advances 8, no. 46 (2018): 25983–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02860e.

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11

Wu, Jiafeng, Yonghai Song, Rihui Zhou, et al. "Zn–Fe–ZIF-derived porous ZnFe2O4/C@NCNT nanocomposites as anodes for lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 15 (2015): 7793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta00805k.

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12

Xu, Yan, Shumin Wu, Xianliang Li, et al. "Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic degradation properties of ZnO/ZnFe2O4 magnetic heterostructures." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 24 (2017): 15433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj03373g.

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13

Song, Yan-Yan, Ya-Hang Li, Jing Guo, Zhi-Da Gao, and Ying Li. "Facile method to synthesize a carbon layer embedded into titanium dioxide nanotubes with metal oxide decoration for electrochemical applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 47 (2015): 23754–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta05691h.

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Анотація:

We report a facile and economical method to form a carbon layer embedded into self-organized titanium dioxide nanotubes (C/TiO<sub>2</sub> NTs) with a double-walled morphology using a one-step pyrolysis method.

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14

Lataf, Amine, Andrew E. Khalil Awad, Bjorn Joos, et al. "Iron Oxide-Activated Carbon Composites for Enhanced Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Hardwood." Environments 11, no. 5 (2024): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments11050102.

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A commercial activated carbon (AC) was modified through iron oxide incorporation to obtain microwave absorbers (MWAs) for microwave-assisted pyrolysis. The influence of iron oxide content (5 and 20 wt% Fe3O4) and the modification methods were tested as follows: (1) in situ co-precipitation + washing step with Milli-Q; (2) in situ co-precipitation + washing step with Milli-Q/ethanol; and (3) physical iron oxide blending. The resulting MWAs were evaluated on the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of hardwood in a Milestone Flexiwave microwave reactor. The biochar yield varied from 24 wt% to 89 wt% and

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15

Jiang, Anning, Wei Zhang, Zegao Wang, et al. "Direct synthesis of bifunctional nanorods from a Co–adenine–MoO3 hybrid for overall water splitting." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 2 (2020): 546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00626e.

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Анотація:

Well-defined core–shell Co-Mo<sub>2</sub>C@NGCS nanorods are designed and synthesized through one-step pyrolysis of a Co–adenine–MoO<sub>3</sub> hybrid and are used as highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

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16

Trung Kien, Pham, Bui Thi Thao Nguyen, and Tran Ngo Quan. "Fabrication of Sugar Bagasse-Dervied Activated Biochar using 2-Step Method: Pyrolysis and Steam Hydrothermal Reaction." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1399, no. 1 (2024): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1399/1/012006.

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Abstract Vietnam is a leading producer of sugarcane, and sugarcane bagasse (SB), a by-product of sugarcane processing, can be repurposed as a raw material for manufacturing highly interconnected capillary porous structure activated carbon (AC). This process involves two main steps: (1) pyrolysis and (2) steam hydrothermal activation. During pyrolysis, sugarcane bagasse is subjected to heating at 550°C for 3 hours in the condition of lacking O2, leading to thermal decomposition and the formation of carbon-rich biochar. This initial step plays a crucial role in establishing the structure of the

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17

Wang, Xilong, Chen Yang, Peng Guo, Yadong Li, Nannan Gao, and Han-Pu Liang. "Construction of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets decorated with Fe–N4 and iron oxides by a biomass coordination strategy for efficient oxygen reduction reaction." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 32 (2021): 14570–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj02769g.

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A highly efficient Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@C/FeNC electrocatalyst with Fe–N<sub>4</sub> and iron oxides decorated on nitrogen doped carbon nanosheets has been synthesized by the one-step pyrolysis of Fe-coordinated egg white without acid leaching assistance.

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18

Balahmar, Norah, Abdul Salam Al-Jumialy, and Robert Mokaya. "Biomass to porous carbon in one step: directly activated biomass for high performance CO2 storage." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 24 (2017): 12330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta01722g.

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The direct conversion of biomass to activated carbons in a simple and lower cost one step process, which negates the need for hydrothermal carbonisation or pyrolysis, generates activated carbons with properties and CO<sub>2</sub> uptake comparable or superior to those of conventionally prepared activated carbons.

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19

Lv, Hualiang, Guangbin Ji, Haiqian Zhang, and Youwei Du. "Facile synthesis of a CNT@Fe@SiO2 ternary composite with enhanced microwave absorption performance." RSC Advances 5, no. 94 (2015): 76836–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra11162e.

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The CNTs@Fe@SiO<sub>2</sub> ternary core-structure was prepared by a simple two-step approach consisting a pyrolysis process and then decomposition. At a thin thickness of 1.5 mm, the optimal reflection loss value of the ternary composite is as high as −14.2 dB.

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20

Kalytta-Mewes, Andreas, Sebastian Spirkl, Sebastian Tränkle, Manuel Hambach, and Dirk Volkmer. "Carbon supported Ru clusters prepared by pyrolysis of Ru precursor-impregnated biopolymer fibers." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 42 (2015): 20919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta04253d.

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Ru clusters deposited on pyrolyzed bacterial nanocellulose (Ru/p-BNC) were prepared in a single step by controlled pyrolysis at 1250 °C (under Ar gas), starting from bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) fibers impregnated with [RuCl<sub>2</sub>(DMSO)<sub>4</sub>], which serves as a Ru precursor.

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21

Anderson, MR, RFC Brown, KJ Coulston, FW Eastwood, and A. Ward. "The Pyrolysis of Phenylnaphthalenedicarboxylic Anhydrides: Products of Ring Contraction and of Radical Cyclization." Australian Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 7 (1990): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9901137.

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Naphthalene-1,2,-dicarboxylic anhydrides with neighbouring phenyl substituents give on flash vacuum pyrolysis (850-900°/0.02-0.04 mm) ring-contracted carbenes which insert into the phenyl groups. The 8- phenyl anhydride (7) gives acephenanthrylene (10) as the major product, and the 3-phenyl anhydride (15) gives 1,2 : 4,5-dibenzopentalene (indeno [2,1-a]indene) (18). The anhydrides (7) and (15) were � synthesized by pyrolysis of the corresponding 1-naphthylmethyl propynoates (2) and (13) through a new one-step process of intramolecular Diels -Alder addition/retro-Diels -Alder elimination of ace

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22

Li, Zhong-Xuan, and Hai-Ping Huang. "Bulk and molecular composition variations of gold-tube pyrolysates from severely biodegraded Athabasca bitumen." Petroleum Science 17, no. 6 (2020): 1527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-020-00484-4.

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AbstractGold-tube pyrolysis experiments were performed on two Athabasca oil sand bitumens at 300 °C to 525 °C with 2 °C/h rate and 25 °C step under 50 MPa. Pyrolysis temperature of 425 °C is critical for weight loss of bulk bitumen and hydrocarbon generation and destruction. Polar compounds are the main source of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon, gas and coke fractions. Molecular compositions in pyrolyzates vary systematically with increasing pyrolysis temperatures. High molecular weight n-alkanes (C26+) are gradually destructed during pyrolysis due to thermal cracking. Moderate molecular we

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23

López-Beceiro, Jorge, Ana María Díaz-Díaz, Ana Álvarez-García, Javier Tarrío-Saavedra, Salvador Naya, and Ramón Artiaga. "A Logistic Approach for Kinetics of Isothermal Pyrolysis of Cellulose." Processes 9, no. 3 (2021): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030551.

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A kinetic model is proposed to fit isothermal thermogravimetric data obtained from cellulose in an inert atmosphere at different temperatures. The method used here to evaluate the model involves two steps: (1) fitting of single time-derivative thermogravimetric curves (DTG) obtained at different temperatures versus time, and (2) fitting of the rate parameter values obtained at different temperatures versus temperature. The first step makes use of derivative of logistic functions. For the second step, the dependence of the rate factor on temperature is evaluated. That separation of the curve fi

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24

Cho, M. J., Sang Heum Youn, Jae Jun Kim та ін. "Synthesis of Nanocrystalline α-Al₂O₃ Using a 2-Step Calcination Method". Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (серпень 2006): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.199.

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Nanocrystalline α-Al2O3 powders have been prepared by the pyrolysis of a resin compound of aluminum with polyester by a two-step calcination process. A polymeric precursor was prepared using a complexing agent to keep the metal ions in homogeneous solution, which gives sufficient flexibility for the system to exist homogeneously throughout the reaction without undergoing precipitation. The metal-ion-polyester resin forms the precursor material on complete polymerization reaction of aluminum nitrate, citric acid and ethylene glycol. A single-phase α-Al2O3 powder resulted after calcinations abov

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25

Mati, Alessandro, Marco Buffi, Stefano Dell’Orco, et al. "Fractional Condensation of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil to Improve Biocrude Quality towards Alternative Fuels Production." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (2022): 4822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104822.

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Fast pyrolysis of biomass is a well-known opportunity for sustainable alternative fuel production for transport and energy. However, bio-oils from biomass pyrolysis are viscous, acidic bio-crudes that need further steps of upgrading before being used either as fuels or chemicals. A process that is complementary to bio-oil hydrotreatment or co-processing consists of optimizing and tuning the upstream condensation steps of fast pyrolysis to separate and concentrate selected classes of compounds. This can be implemented by varying the condensation temperatures in a multi-step condensation unit. I

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26

Zhang, Youchao, Bo Wang, Li Xu, and Zhiming Ma. "Pyrolysis Modeling and Kinetic Study of Typical Insulation Materials for Building Exterior Envelopes." Buildings 14, no. 12 (2024): 3956. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14123956.

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Thermal insulation materials are important for building energy conservation, but the inherent combustibility of these materials increases the fire risk of building facades. To better understand the fire behaviors of these materials, the study of the kinetics of thermal insulation pyrolysis is particularly important because it is the initial step in ignition and combustion during fire. In this paper, the pyrolysis behavior of expanded polystyrene (EPS), a typical non-charring insulation polymer, has been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis at five different heating rates. The model-free

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27

Fenda Florena, Fenfen, Dwindra Wilham Maulana, Ferry Faizal, and Bambang Mukti Wibawa. "Ultraviolet and violet-blue emission of Zn doped MgO/mg(OH)2 particles prepared by one step spray pyrolysis method." Journal of Powder Technology and Advanced Functional Materials 1, no. 1 (2018): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29253/jptafm.1.1.2018.8.

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Анотація:

Spherical particles of Zn doped MgO were prepared by one-step spray pyrolysis method. The crystalline nature and particle size of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The morphology of samples was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the presence of Zn in the sample was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The optical properties of the samples were investigated using photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) analysis to obtain excitation and emission spectra of the samples. Results indicated that the doped MgO particles exhibited a cubic st

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28

Fenda Florena, Fenfen, Dwindra Wilham Maulana, Ferry Faizal, and Bambang Mukti Wibawa. "Ultraviolet and violet-blue emission of Zn doped MgO/mg(OH)2 particles prepared by one step spray pyrolysis method." Journal of Powder Technology and Advanced Functional Materials 1, no. 1 (2018): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29253/jptafm.v1i1.8.

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Анотація:

Spherical particles of Zn doped MgO were prepared by one-step spray pyrolysis method. The crystalline nature and particle size of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The morphology of samples was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the presence of Zn in the sample was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The optical properties of the samples were investigated using photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) analysis to obtain excitation and emission spectra of the samples. Results indicated that the doped MgO particles exhibited a cubic st

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29

Li, Xiya, Jieqiong Qiu, Yiqi Hu, et al. "Characterization and comparison of walnut shells-based activated carbons and their adsorptive properties." Adsorption Science & Technology 38, no. 9-10 (2020): 450–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617420946524.

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Анотація:

The production of low-cost biologically activated carbons (BACs) is urgent need of environmental protection and ecological sustainability. Hence, walnut shells were treated by traditional pyrolysis, direct KOH impregnation and combined activation composed of hydrothermal carbonization and two-step H3PO4- and pyrolysis-activation process to obtain porous carbon with high adsorption capacity. It was found that the best adsorption capacity for iodine and organic dye methylene blue (MB) can be obtained using the KOH impregnation at impregnation ratio of 1:1 or combined activation comprising of 2 h

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30

Hou, Xiaoyu, Yanjie Hu, Hao Jiang, Yunfeng Li, Wenge Li, and Chunzhong Li. "One-step synthesis of SnOx nanocrystalline aggregates encapsulated by amorphous TiO2 as an anode in Li-ion battery." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 18 (2015): 9982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01106j.

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Анотація:

SnO<sub>x</sub> nanocrystalline aggregates (NAs) encapsulated by an amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> layer have been successfully designed by a one-step flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) method. As an anode in LIBs, the SnO<sub>x</sub> NAs@TiO<sub>2</sub> electrode exhibits a capacity of 350 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> after 300 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g<sup>−1</sup>, which is much superior to pure SnO<sub>x</sub> NAs and TiO<sub>2</sub> NAs.

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31

Hoffmann, Viola, Dennis Jung, Joscha Zimmermann, et al. "Conductive Carbon Materials from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Vineyard Residues for the Application in Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLCs) and Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFCs)." Materials 12, no. 10 (2019): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101703.

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Анотація:

This study investigates the production of bio-based carbon materials for energy storage and conversion devices based on two different vineyard residues (pruning, pomace) and cellulose as a model biomass. Three different char categories were produced via pyrolysis at 900 °C for 2 h (biochars, BC), hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) (at 220, 240 or 260 °C) with different reaction times (60, 120 or 300 min) (hydrochars, HC), or HTC plus pyrolysis (pyrolyzed hydrochars, PHC). Physicochemical, structural, and electrical properties of the chars were assessed by elemental and proximate analysis, gas ad

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32

Viswanathan, Raja, Subramanian Yugeswaran, P. Amarnath, EA Sona, Ramaswamy Murugan, and Jose P. Sujin. "Large Scale Production of Lithium and Sodium Based NMC Oxide Cathodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 4 (2024): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-014665mtgabs.

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Анотація:

The ongoing embrace of innovative renewable energy conversion methods, couple with diverse and dynamic energy storage applications, necessitates the adoption of new adaptable process lines in industrial settings [1]. The adopting process line and methods are chosen based on various factors like overall cost, sustainable process, adaptable infrastructure, and pollution standards. Interestingly recent developments in lithium containing high energy dense battery for electric mobility solutions require varied industrial solutions in every other step for adopting the transition ahead. For example,

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Justicia, Jéssica, Francisco Heras, Inés Moreno, et al. "Understanding the relationship between catalytic pyrolysis conditions and hydrogen production by aqueous phase reforming of the water-soluble fractions of bio-oils." Energy Conversion and Management 320 (June 7, 2024): 118999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118999.

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The valorization to H<sub>2</sub> of real aqueous fractions of bio-oil (AFBs) from catalytic pyrolysis of woodchips was carried out by aqueous phase reforming (APR). Notable gas yield (23 mmol/gTOC<sub>o</sub>) and H<sub>2</sub> concentration (46 mol%) were achieved, with values among the best published for the APR of real biorefinery streams. The reforming of AFBs was favoured by a high concentration of levoglucosan and low proportion of acids and ketones, with acetone and acetic acid being the most refractory compounds to APR. Relationships between the pyrolysis conditions and the

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34

Ramírez, E. A., A. Ramírez, and G. Gordillo. "Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 films grown in one-step process by spray pyrolysis with improved properties." Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 67 (August 2017): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2017.05.024.

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35

Hernando, Héctor, Ana M. Hernández-Giménez, Cristina Ochoa-Hernández, et al. "Engineering the acidity and accessibility of the zeolite ZSM-5 for efficient bio-oil upgrading in catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulose." Green Chemistry 20, no. 15 (2018): 3499–511. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8gc01722k.

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The properties of the zeolite ZSM-5 have been optimised for the production and deoxygenation of the bio-oil* (bio-oil on water-free basis) fraction by lignocellulose catalytic pyrolysis. Two ZSM-5 supports possessing high mesopore/external surface area, and therefore enhanced accessibility, have been employed to promote the conversion of the bulky compounds formed in the primary cracking of lignocellulose. These supports are a nanocrystalline material (n-ZSM-5) and a hierarchical sample (h-ZSM-5) of different Si/Al ratios and acid site concentrations. Acidic features of both zeolites have been

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36

Fengkai, Lin, Wang Yu, and Xu Zeng. "Pretreatment of wastewater from heavy-oil-pyrolysis-gas-making system." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 2-3 (1997): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0526.

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It was found that the process of pressure-hydrolysis failed for the treatment of a wastewater containing cyanide and nickel from heavy-oil-pyrolysis-gas-making system. The analysis of the wastewater showed the existence of Ni2+,CN−,NH3, Ca2+ and HCO3−. Therefore, the coordinate compounds of [Ni(CN)4]2− and [Ni(NH3)n]2+ could be expected. Considering the Ca2+ and potential CO32− transformed from HCO3−, it was not surprising that white precipitate blocked the pipeline within the pressure-hydrolysis process under the condition of high pH. A pretreatment step of calcium removal was suggested. Vari

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37

Madou, Marc. "Carbon-Origami: Controlling 3D Shapes and Microstructure." Engineering Proceedings 4, no. 1 (2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/micromachines2021-09557.

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Over the last two decades, we have gained more and more insight into how to convert patterned polymer precursors into predicable 3D carbon shapes using pyrolysis/carbonization (carbon origami are a more recent example). Over the last four years, we have started gaining control over the internal carbon microstructure and its functionality. The key to the latter is a precise control of the polymer precursor chains and the exact polymer atomic composition of the polymer before and during pyrolysis. Contradicting Rosalind Franklin, we have found that it is possible to graphitize even non-graphitiz

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Carriel Schmitt, Caroline, Anna Zimina, Yakub Fam, Klaus Raffelt, Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt, and Nicolaus Dahmen. "Evaluation of High-Loaded Ni-Based Catalysts for Upgrading Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil." Catalysts 9, no. 9 (2019): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9090784.

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The catalytic activity of high-loaded Ni-based catalysts for beech wood fast-pyrolysis bio-oil hydrotreatment is compared to Ru/C. The influence of promoter, temperature, reaction time, and consecutive upgrading is investigated. The catalytic activity is addressed in terms of elemental composition, pH value, H2 consumption, and water content, while the selectivity is based on the GC-MS/FID results. The catalysts showed similar deoxygenation activity, while the highest hydrogenation activity and the highest upgraded oil yields were obtained with Ni-based catalysts. The elemental composition of

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39

Sukhbaatar, Bayaraa, Jinmyeong Seo, Wang Qing, Sanghwa Yoon, and Bongyoung Yoo. "Uniformly Dispersed Cobalt Catalyst on the Coffee Waste-Derived Carbon Support for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 36 (2023): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01362019mtgabs.

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The research interests in transition metal catalysts on carbon support have increased last decade for expensive noble metal catalyst replacement. Because those catalysts have a large surface area, good chemical stability, and are cheap and earth-abundant. Mainly structured with Co-N-C catalysts such as Cobalt (Co) nanoparticle embedded N-doped carbon, Co single-atom catalyst on carbon, etc., are highly efficient for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Here, we report the uniformly dispersed cobalt catalysts (Co-SCC-N) on nitrogen (N)-doped spent coffee ground

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40

Sun, Chenhao, Zhongyang Luo, Peng Yu, and Qinhui Wang. "Comparative Study on the Performance and Mechanism of Adsorption–Oriented Phosphorus–Modified High–Efficiency and Durable Activated Biochar from Fast Pyrolysis." Energies 16, no. 14 (2023): 5363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145363.

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Extensive research has demonstrated the advantageous utilization of medium–low temperature fast pyrolysis (FP) for biomass, yielding high–grade liquid–phase chemicals or fuels. However, the field of FP–based high–performance solid biochar research still presents several gaps. Herein, a one–step versus two–step method for biomass H3PO4 activation under FP was comparatively analyzed for the first time, and efficiently activated carbons (ACs) for dye removal were successfully synthesized at a low temperature (723 K). Investigation of methylene blue (MB) adsorption revealed that the one–step sampl

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41

Tekin, Burak, Mehmet Akif Ilgaz, Görkem Dila Karaaslan, Buse Ecevit, Tuğba Bolat Maden, and Yıldıray Topcu. "Hemp-Derived Activated Carbon for the New Generation Zn-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 5 (2023): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-015932mtgabs.

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In this study, Active carbon material was produced from Hemp-based biomasses (they are called Vezir and Narlı) that are Turkey’s first patented plants to be developed by Academic researchers of Ondokuz mayıs University, Agriculture Department, and were first tested as a cathode material for new trend Zn-ion supercapacitors. The stem parts of the hemp plants were used as a precursor in an attempt to obtain the activated carbon, yielding the final product “ activated carbon” by following hydrothermal, pyrolysis and activation processes with KOH. The solid products obtained in each production ste

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Garcia‐Torregrosa, Ivan, Yannick G. Geertzema, Ahmed S. M. Ismail, Tien‐Lin Lee, Frank M. F. Groot, and Bert M. Weckhuysen. "Facile Two‐Step Synthesis of Delafossite CuFeO 2 Photocathodes by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis and Hybrid Microwave Annealing." ChemPhotoChem 3, no. 12 (2019): 1238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cptc.201900136.

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43

Minář, Ján, Stanislav Honus, Petr Pavlík, Ondřej Němček, Jaroslav Frantík, and Veronika Sassmanová. "Design of the Reactor for the Partial Oxidation of the Pyrolysis Gas Using the Mathematical Modeling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 832 (April 2016): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.832.95.

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This contribution describes a design of experime ntal reactor for decomposing the process of gasses with different contents of hydrocarbons (CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 6 , C 3 H 8 ) . It shows pyrolysis process as a possible source for synthesis gas production . The mathematical modeling ( Ansys Fluent) was used to predict maximal temperature and velocity in three designs and the best result was chosen for manufacturing. Optimal dimensions and material s were chos en basing on the analysis. The ch emical analysis is a second step of research and it is not used in this article .

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44

Lu, Guilong, Xin Wang, Janis Timoshenko, et al. "A 3D Macroporous Carbon NiCu Single-Atom Catalyst for High Current Density CO2 Electroreduction." Advanced functional materials 35 (November 10, 2024): 2419075. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202419075.

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Transition metal and nitrogen co-decorated carbon materials are promising platforms for CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction. A hard-template 2-step pyrolysis method is proposed for the fabrication of highly dispersed Ni and Cu atomic active sites on a 3D macroporous carbon matrix. The pyrrolic N-type Ni−N<sub>x</sub> sites serve as dominant active sites toward selective CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction to CO. The incorporation of Cu alters the distribution of N species and simultaneously optimizes the electronic state and geometric structure of the Ni−N<sub>x</sub> moiety, thereby impro

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45

Ivanova, Pavlina, Ditso Stratiev, and Antoaneta Pavlova. "Verification of a Method for Microcoulometric Determination of Adsorbable Organic Halide Pollutants in Natural, Drinking, Waste, and Treated Waters." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 3 (2006): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.3.735.

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Abstract A microcoulometric method is described for the determination of organic-halide pollutants at 2-2000 μg/L in natural, drinking, waste, and treated waters. The conditions for the adsorption of organic halides, using a microcolumn with activated charcoal-and for the desorption of inorganic halides-as well as for the pyrolysis process, were optimized for the successful determination of priority organic halide pollutants. An appropriate criterion was proposed to stop the desorption step. The mean recovery was 100.3%, and the mean relative standard deviation was 9.9%. The detection limit ba

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46

Fontão, Natália C., Lucas N. Ferrari, Joice C. Sapatieri, Kurosch Rezwan, and Michaela Wilhelm. "Influence of the Pyrolysis Temperature and TiO2-Incorporation on the Properties of SiOC/SiC Composites for Efficient Wastewater Treatment Applications." Membranes 12, no. 2 (2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020175.

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This study focuses on the development of porous ceramer and SiOC composites which are suitable for microfiltration applications, using a mixture of polysiloxanes as the preceramic precursor. The properties of the membranes—such as their pore size, hydrophilicity, specific surface area, and mechanical resistance—were tailored in a one-step process, according to the choice of pyrolysis temperatures (600–1000 °C) and the incorporation of micro- (SiC) and nanofillers (TiO2). Lower pyrolysis temperatures (<700 °C) allowed the incorporation of TiO2 in its photocatalytically active anatase phase,

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47

S. Wibowo, W. Syafii, G. Pari, E. N. Herliyana, N. A. Saputra, and L. Efiyanti. "THE EFFECT OF PYROLYSIS TEMPERATURE STRATIFICATION ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOUND OF WOOD VINEGAR PRODUCTION FROM HARDWOOD, SOFTWOOD, AND BAMBOO." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry, Special Issue (2022): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2023.1558146.

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Generally, wood vinegar (WV) is produced from one-step carbonization for all purposes, i.e., antibacterial, food preservative, and agriculture. This carbonization process will result in WV with high phenol content. High phenol is beneficial for antimicrobials but can cause damage to plants if the WV concentration is not suitable. This research aimed to examine the effects of pyrolysis temperature stratification on three other biomass pyrolysis. This study uses hardwood, softwood, and nonwood waste, which are pyrolyzed with temperature stratification, namely 200, 300, 400, and 500 oC. Proximate

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48

Tadeo, Inyalot Jude, Emma P. Mukhokosi, Saluru B. Krupanidhi, and Arun M. Umarji. "Low-cost VO2(M1) thin films synthesized by ultrasonic nebulized spray pyrolysis of an aqueous combustion mixture for IR photodetection." RSC Advances 9, no. 18 (2019): 9983–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00189a.

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49

Sarma, Saurav Chandra, Jesus Barrio, Magda Titirici, and Ifan Erfyl Lester Stephens. "Tuning CO₂ to CO Conversion on Metal-Doped Carbon Catalysts." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 36 (2022): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01361613mtgabs.

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One of the significant challenges faced during electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECO2RR) is the low selectivity of the products obtained. The best example is polycrystalline Cu, which can electrochemically produce hydrocarbons and alcohols but with poor selectivity.1, 2 To date, high selectivity has been achieved only towards CO and formate on Au and Sn surface, respectively but scalability and commercialization are limited owing to their cost and stability. Metal-nitrogen-carbon (MNC) materials are comparable to Au or Ag catalysts, albeit with their lower overpotentials, higher mass activity and

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50

Cavalli, F., M. Viana, K. E. Yttri, J. Genberg, and J. P. Putaud. "Toward a standardised thermal-optical protocol for measuring atmospheric organic and elemental carbon: the EUSAAR protocol." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 2, no. 5 (2009): 2321–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-2321-2009.

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Abstract. Thermal-optical analysis is a conventional method for determining the carbonaceous aerosol fraction and for classifying it into organic carbon, OC, and elemental carbon, EC. Unfortunately, the different thermal evolution protocols in use can result in a wide elemental carbon-to-total carbon variation by up to a factor of five. In Europe, there is currently no standard procedure for determining the carbonaceous aerosol fraction which implies that data from different laboratories at various sites are of unknown accuracy and cannot be considered comparable. In the framework of the EU-pr

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