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Статті в журналах з теми "3002 Agriculture, land and farm management":
1
Boll, R., and R. Kayser. "Reuse of Wastewaters in Agriculture by Means of Sprinkler Irrigation on a Farmland Area of 3000 ha – Large Scale Experience in Germany." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0088.
Анотація:
The Braunschweig wastewater land treatment system as the largest in Western Germany serves a population of about 270.000 and has an annual flow of around 22 Mio m3. The whole treatment process consists of three main components : a pre-treatment plant as an activated sludge process, a sprinkler irrigation area of 3.000 ha of farmland and an old sewage farm of 200 ha with surface flooding. This paper briefly summarizes the experiences with management and operation of the system, the treatment results with reference to environmental impact, development of agriculture and some financial aspects.
2
Dinterman, Robert, Ani L. Katchova, and James Michael Harris. "Financial stress and farm bankruptcies in US agriculture." Agricultural Finance Review 78, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 441–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-05-2017-0030.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate farm financial stress within the USA over the past 20 years and the agricultural and economic factors which have impacted farm businesses. The effect of the 2005 Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA) on farm financial stress is further evaluated. In particular, Chapter 12 bankruptcies – which can only be filed by farmers – were only a temporary measure until BAPCPA made Chapter 12 a permanent fixture in bankruptcy law. Design/methodology/approach Chapter 12 bankruptcy filings from 1997 until 2016 are used as a proxy for farm financial stress. Panel fixed effects models are used to determine relevant factors affecting financial stress for farmers from agricultural and macroeconomic perspectives. Further, models incorporating pre- and post-BAPCPA regimes are utilized. Findings The results show that macroeconomic factors (interest and unemployment rates) are strong predictors of farm bankruptcies for farms while agricultural land values are the only consistent strong predictor among the agricultural factors. When evaluating the post-BAPCPA regime, only agricultural land values continue to be a significant predictor of farm bankruptcies. The findings also indicate a dynamic relationship with agricultural land values, where current year values are negatively related but previous year land values are positively related to bankruptcies. Originality/value The authors provide an analysis of the post-BAPCPA regime on farm bankruptcies that has not been evaluated within the literature yet. Further, the findings illuminate discussion on a potentially dynamic relationship with financial stress and agricultural land values.
3
Yan, Jiao, Chunlai Chen, and Biliang Hu. "Farm size and production efficiency in Chinese agriculture: output and profit." China Agricultural Economic Review 11, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-05-2018-0082.
Анотація:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between farm size and agricultural production efficiency from the aspects of output and profit in order to find an optimal farm size that achieves both output and profit efficiency in agricultural production in China.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the 2012 China Family Panel Studies survey data and employs the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) models to investigate empirically the relationship between farm size and agricultural production efficiency.FindingsThe study finds that there is an inverted-U curve relationship between farm size and output efficiency and a U-shaped curve relationship between farm size and profit efficiency in agricultural production in China. Based on the empirical results, the study estimates that the appropriate farm size is around 10–40 mu and the optimal farm size is around 20–40 mu both in terms of output efficiency and profit efficiency in Chinese agricultural production under the current agricultural technology and land management system.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest that appropriate land consolidation will bring more benefits to farmer households and agricultural production efficiency. There are some policy implications. First, governments should give long term and more stable land using rights to farmers through extending the period of land contract and verifying land using rights. Second, governments should encourage transfers of land using rights and promote land consolidation. But the implementation of this policy should consider regional differences and not be used for blindly pursuing increasing land size. Third, land consolidation should be accompanied with the development of specialized agricultural services.Originality/valueThe paper makes two major contributions to the literature. First, the authors use the SFA model to investigate the relationship between land size and agricultural production efficiency. Second, the authors establish two SFA models – the stochastic frontier output analysis model and the stochastic frontier profit analysis model – to estimate the optimal land size to achieve both output and profit efficiency of agricultural production in China.
4
Hartvigsen, Morten, and Maxim Gorgan. "FAO experiences with land market development and land management instruments in Eastern Europe and Central Asia." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law = Agrár- és Környezetjog 15, no. 29 (November 24, 2020): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21029/jael.2020.29.85.
Анотація:
Most countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have farm structures characterized by excessive land fragmentation and small average farm sizes. Well-functioning agricultural land markets are a precondition for agricultural and rural development in general. However, agricultural land markets remain weak and still face many constraints in the region. Land management instruments such as land consolidation and land banking in addition to facilitating agricultural development also contribute to land market development. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations is providing technical assistance to the member countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia related to development of agricultural land markets and introduction of land management instruments such as land consolidation and land banking.
5
Vershinin, V. V., V. V. Bugaevskaya, and Zh N. Bakanova. "Using of GIS technologies and geospatial data to optimize the size of land parcels, structure of production and territory organization of farms." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 6 (May 29, 2022): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2206-03.
Анотація:
In the context of agriculture digitalization, it is necessary to solve complex problems related to the environment, effective management of land resources, organization of land use and their protection. The decisive role in solution is assigned to geoinformation technologies, among which the GIS-based automation of land management design occupies a special place, because land management is a means of creating territorial prerequisites for favorable activities on land of all Russian citizens taking into account equality of personal and state interests. The article considers the GIS technology of in-farm land management used in a farm.
6
Alig, Ralph J., Darius M. Adams, and Bruce A. McCarl. "Impacts of Incorporating Land Exchanges Between Forestry and Agriculture in Sector Models." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 30, no. 2 (December 1998): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800008373.
Анотація:
AbstractThe forest and agriculture sectors are linked by having a portion of their land bases suitable for use in either sector. A substantial part of the southern land base is suitable for either forestry or agriculture use, with most of forestation on U.S. agriculture land in the South. We examine how land exchanges between forestry and agriculture are influenced by specific federal conservation and farm support policies, including changes in the Conservation Reserve Program. Reallocation of land is a significant part of the sectors' responses to the policies, along with intensification of timber management on existing southern forests.
7
Suxiang, Bai. "RESEARCH TRENDS IN JAPANESE ON CHINESE AGRICULTURE MANAGEMENT (FOCUSING ON PERIOD AFTER RURAL REFORM IN 1978)." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 3, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v3i2.1907.
Анотація:
The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics of the Japanese research trend on Chinese family farm management published after the Chinese rural reform in 1978.The whole 152 articles were collected under the keyword of Chinese Agriculture Management through CiNii that is the most reliable academic information database in Japan. Based on article productivity the study extracted the four stage of research development: incubating stage, growing stage, peak stage, and stabilizing mature stage. Research subject categorization unveiled two general research frameworks: macro approach framework and micro approach framework. In the macro framework, farm management is structurally grasped under the relationship with external or environmental conditions surrounding farm management entities. In the micro framework farm management is grasped within internal structural relationship of family based on inputs (land and labor) and output (income). For solving the weakness of Chinese family farm holding a small land, the study extracted two strategic frameworks of integration in farm management: agricultural industrialization and farm cooperative movement. The former is a vertical integration and the latter is a horizontal integration of farm management. Those integrations of farm management require not only macro and micro level research but also mezzo(middle) approach which focuses on the relationships between community or village and farm family. Especially this mezzo approach is important to understand the reality of farm management under the on-going situation in which many farm families depend on both agriculture and non-agriculture jobs. The fact that the dates for publications in China are limited at the macro-level of nation, province and city has created the research tendency towards bipolar differentiation in macro and micro level research. Thus mezzo-level research on towns and villages has become more important.
8
Shima, E., I. F. Svoboda, S. Tsutsumi, and H. Ohkubo. "Waste management systems of dairy cattle farms in Japan." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 12 (June 1, 2002): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0410.
Анотація:
Recently, the size of livestock farms in Japan has been expanding and the pollution from farm wastes has become a serious problem in rural areas. Therefore it is necessary to design treatment strategies and improve the recycling of livestock manure for sustainability of agriculture in Japan. The dairy cattle waste management systems were studied at dairy farms in Aomori prefecture and in Hokkaido, Japan. The four farms, typical for the respective regions in Japan, were investigated on the basis of the land and livestock size, housing, overall farm and waste management, type of machinery and a farm labour force. A statistical comparison was made for housing, milking and waste handling systems of dairy farms. One of the waste handling strategies was aerobic slurry treatment and land irrigation of the treated liquid fraction. Such methods began to solve some of waste management problems created since 1967 in grassland farming areas of Hokkaido. The irrigation system supplies water fertiliser and organic material to land as well as shortening the spreading times. It recycles livestock resources, increases the soil fertility and rationalises the farm management.
9
Goulding, Keith, Steve Jarvis, and Andy Whitmore. "Optimizing nutrient management for farm systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1491 (July 25, 2007): 667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2177.
Анотація:
Increasing the inputs of nutrients has played a major role in increasing the supply of food to a continually growing world population. However, focusing attention on the most important nutrients, such as nitrogen (N), has in some cases led to nutrient imbalances, some excess applications especially of N, inefficient use and large losses to the environment with impacts on air and water quality, biodiversity and human health. In contrast, food exports from the developing to the developed world are depleting soils of nutrients in some countries. Better management of all essential nutrients is required that delivers sustainable agriculture and maintains the necessary increases in food production while minimizing waste, economic loss and environmental impacts. More extensive production systems typified by ‘organic farming’ may prove to be sustainable. However, for most of the developed world, and in the developing world where an ever-growing population demands more food, it will be essential to increase the efficiency of nutrient use in conventional systems. Nutrient management on farms is under the control of the land manger, the most effective of whom will already use various decision supports for calculating rates of application to achieve various production targets. Increasingly, land managers will need to conform to good practice to achieve production targets and to conform to environmental targets as well.
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Dinarti, Siwi Istiana, Sri Peni Wastutiningsih, Subejo Subejo, and Supriyanto Supriyanto. "KECERDASAN KOLEKTIF PETANI DI LAHAN PERTANIAN PASIR PANTAI KECAMATAN PANJATAN KABUPATEN KULON PROGO." Agro Ekonomi 24, no. 1 (January 25, 2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jae.18328.
Анотація:
This study aims to determine the process of collective intelligence of farmers to describe level of collective intelligence of farmers in coastal agriculture area farm management and factors of the collective intelligence of farmers. in coastal agriculture area. The basic method used here was namely analytical descriptive method. The sample was taken with purposive method. Analysis method was done by using chi-square and gamma tests. The results showed that the process as of collective intelligence of coastal agriculture area fanners in Panjatan Sub District were social learning and consensus process. Level of collective intelligence of farmers' on the coastal agriculture area tends to be high. Indicators of collective intelligence that have been done by all of the farmers were land clearing for agriculture, land consolidation, farm road construction, group planning arrangement, auction markets arrangement, and pantek well construction. There were two indicators which haven't been done by farmers i.e. using of plastic mulch a.nd using of power sprayer. The factors affecting collective intelligence are farmer's organization activities, farmer's experience and land size.
Дисертації з теми "3002 Agriculture, land and farm management":
1
Russ, Thomas Harold. "Evaluation of the impact of farm land preservation on the use and valuation of neighboring property." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1995. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
2
Warren, Georgina. "Developing land management units using Geospatial technologies: An agricultural application." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/740.
Анотація:
This research develops a methodology for determining farm scale land managementunits (LMUs) using soil sampling data, high resolution digital multi-spectral imagery (DMSI) and a digital elevation model (DEM). The LMUs are zones within a paddock suitable for precision agriculture which are managed according to their productive capabilities. Soil sampling and analysis are crucial in depicting landscape characteristics, but costly. Data based on DMSI and DEM is available cheaply and at high resolution.The design and implementation of a two-stage methodology using a spatiallyweighted multivariate classification, for delineating LMUs is described. Utilising data on physical and chemical soil properties collected at 250 sampling locations within a 1780ha farm in Western Australia, the methodology initially classifies sampling points into LMUs based on a spatially weighted similarity matrix. The second stage delineates higher resolution LMU boundaries using DMSI and topographic variables derived from a DEM on a 10m grid across the study area. The method groups sample points and pixels with respect to their characteristics and their spatial relationships, thus forming contiguous, homogenous LMUs that can be adopted in precision agricultural applications. The methodology combines readily available and relatively cheap high resolution data sets with soil properties sampled at low resolution. This minimises cost while still forming LMUs at high resolution.The allocation of pixels to LMUs based on their DMSI and topographic variables has been verified. Yield differences between the LMUs have also been analysed. The results indicate the potential of the approach for precision agriculture and the importance of continued research in this area.
3
Miller, Michael R. "FARM WOODLOTS IN THE SOCIAL LANDSCAPE: HUMAN AGENCY IN A STRUCTURED LANDSCAPE." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1113832077.
4
Warren, Georgina. "Developing land management units using Geospatial technologies: An agricultural application." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Spatial Sciences, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17509.
Анотація:
This research develops a methodology for determining farm scale land managementunits (LMUs) using soil sampling data, high resolution digital multi-spectral imagery (DMSI) and a digital elevation model (DEM). The LMUs are zones within a paddock suitable for precision agriculture which are managed according to their productive capabilities. Soil sampling and analysis are crucial in depicting landscape characteristics, but costly. Data based on DMSI and DEM is available cheaply and at high resolution.The design and implementation of a two-stage methodology using a spatiallyweighted multivariate classification, for delineating LMUs is described. Utilising data on physical and chemical soil properties collected at 250 sampling locations within a 1780ha farm in Western Australia, the methodology initially classifies sampling points into LMUs based on a spatially weighted similarity matrix. The second stage delineates higher resolution LMU boundaries using DMSI and topographic variables derived from a DEM on a 10m grid across the study area. The method groups sample points and pixels with respect to their characteristics and their spatial relationships, thus forming contiguous, homogenous LMUs that can be adopted in precision agricultural applications. The methodology combines readily available and relatively cheap high resolution data sets with soil properties sampled at low resolution. This minimises cost while still forming LMUs at high resolution.The allocation of pixels to LMUs based on their DMSI and topographic variables has been verified. Yield differences between the LMUs have also been analysed. The results indicate the potential of the approach for precision agriculture and the importance of continued research in this area.
5
Bennett, Michael Robert. "Perceptions of sustainability of dairy support land farmers : a case study investigation." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1219.
Анотація:
This project investigated the business, environmental and social sustainability of dairy farms that include dairy support land. Seventeen farmers were interviewed using Yin’s case study method (Yin, 2003). The interviewees were selected from a list provided during a series of focus groups done with rural professionals prior to continuing with the main body of the research. Those interviewed saw that the primary role of dairy support land is to protect the dairy farm from external factors. Dairy farms are vulnerable to externalities due to high fixed costs and the relationship between cow condition and milk production. The ability of dairy support land to manage externalities relates to quantity of feed grown, therefore feed grown is perceived as the most appropriate measure of performance. For dairy support land to be sustainable, it must be well resourced. On a fully resourced DSL unit, there will be time to plan and carry out essential tasks and environmentally important developments such as riparian fences and stockwater systems are likely to be in place. If the dairy support land unit is not fully resourced it will become a liability to the overall system as the supply of feed becomes unreliable, cows calve in poor condition and dairy farm staff and management are overextended. Poorly resourced dairy support land is also unlikely to have environmentally friendly developments in place. The case studies also demonstrated that the fundamentals of sustainability and practice remain constant across a variety of soil and climatic conditions in Canterbury and Southland.
6
Quan, Truong Tan. "Transition from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture in Quang Binh Province, Vietnam." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1557.
Анотація:
The purpose of the study was to investigate how farmers in Quang Bing Province, Vietnam have been making the transition from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture. This process began in 1986 when the Vietnam economy changed from central planning to a market orientation. The research strategy was based on case study analysis of two communes in each of three agro-ecological zones, defined as coastal, plains and mountains. Within each commune there were six embedded household case studies, i.e 36 in total. Case studies were selected purposively to capture diversity of agro-ecological zones, market access and communications, wealth and income status, and ethnic communities. Households were interviewed twice; first in either late 2006 or early 2007, and again in late 2008. The study was approached using a constructivist paradigm and a lens of livelihood analysis, focusing on resources, institutions, interventions and the dynamics of change. Particular attention was given to the development of markets (inputs, outputs, land, labour and credit) and supply chain factors. Separate measures of commercialisation were constructed based on outputs and inputs, and at the level of both individual activities and the overall household. Investigations were informed by existing theory, but no hypotheses were tested. Instead, the research focused on emergent patterns and insights, and the enrichment and modification of existing theory. A review of literature indicated that the transition from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture in Vietnam was different from other countries on account of the specific combination of low technology agriculture, typical of much of developing Asia, combined with the transformation from a centrally planned economy to a market orientation as occurred in Central and Eastern European countries. At commune level, the key determinants of commercialisation were strong physical connections to markets, with good road access being paramount. Once all weather road access for motorised vehicles was available, then rapid commercialisation occurred. Supply chains typically developed faster for outputs than inputs. New technologies that increased the yield of basic food crops, and facilitated by Government and NGO programs, led to the release of land resources no longer required for meeting food security needs. Households retained their production of food crops that provided food security, and added additional cash earning activities. At the level of individual households, the commercialisation process was led by entrepreneurial families who perceived opportunities relating to profitable activities, and combined this with hard work. Often these opportunities were linked to what they had observed or learnt elsewhere. Once first movers took up a new technology, others observed and followed. There were many enabling factors, such as access to land, access to capital, and access to credit. However, none of these could be considered a determinant, in that the absence of any one factor did not by itself preclude successful commercialisation. Absence of an active male worker was a major constraint to commercialisation, as was lack of necessary crop and livestock skills. There was evidence that income disparities were increasing between the wealthy and the poor. Output commerciality across all households averaged 88 % in 2008 and was higher for wealthy households (95 %) than poor households (83 %). All households still produced their own food crops, but these crops had low market values and hence had a low impact on the output commerciality index. Output commerciality measured in percentage terms obscured that wealthy families had net incomes almost 13 times greater than poor households. A major theoretical insight was that key commercialisation factors are multiple and context dependent. Accordingly, there is a need in any investigation for a holistic approach, based on a livelihood framework that incorporates the complexities associated with the development of markets, as well as giving consideration to the range of interventions and institutional policies that impact on livelihood development.
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Štramaitytė, Rasita. "Trakų rajono kaimo plėtros žemėtvarkos projektų ypatumai ūkininko sodybos formavimui." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100616_101429-84039.
Анотація:
Tiriamajame darbe apžvelgiami kaimo plėtros žemėtvarkos projektų ūkininko sodybos formavimui rengimo ypatumai: teisinė bazė, rengimo darbai, dažniausiai pasitaikančios problemos. Ūkininkų ūkio sodybų formavimas – supaprastintas ir vienintelis būdas (nekeičiant žemės paskirties) statyti statinius žemės ūkio paskirties žemėje. Nuodugnus kaimo plėtros žemėtvarkos projektų ūkininko sodybos formavimui proceso ištyrimas leistų būsimiems ūkininko sodybų įkūrėjams tiksliai suplanuoti išlaidas, bei laiko sąnaudas iki ūkininko sodybos galutinio įregistravimo. Analizei pasirinktas Trakų rajonas, todėl atlikta Vilniaus apskrityje, Trakų rajone, Grinapolio kaime esančio žemės ūkio paskirties sklypo kaimo plėtros žemėtvarkos projekto (ūkininko sodybos formavimui) rengimo analizė. Pateikiama informacija apie žemės sklypą, jo geografinė padėtis, išanalizuoti kaimo plėtros žemėtvarkos projektų parengiamieji bei planavimo darbai, sprendinių brėžinio braižymo ir bylos sudarymo ypatumai.Peculiarities of land management projects (for farmer‘s farm formation) are beeing overviewed in this study. Analysis of law basis, arrangement proceedings, frequently arised problems are chosen as the main course. Country planning project (for farmer‘s farm formation) is the simplified and the only one way (inconverting the land purpose) to build buildings on the land for agricultural purpose. In-depth analisis of country planning project as a process and presentation of it‘s results for the future farmers would allow them to precisely calculate the amount of time and money expences from the beginning of the process till the final registration of the farmer‘s farm. Trakai district is beeing analysed in this article - for this reason land managment project (for farmer‘s farm formation) of rural land area in Grinapolis country, Trakai district, Vilnius region is chosen for the in-depth analysis. Information about land area, it‘s geographical position is beeing overwieved. All the preparational and planning proceedings, drawing of the solutions scheme and peculiarities of the full file formation are beeing investigated and presented in this study.
8
Sambodo, Leonardo A. A. T. "The decision making processes of semi-commercial farmers : a case study of technology adoption in Indonesia." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/241.
Анотація:
An exploration of the creation and use of farmers' commonly used "rules of thumb" is required to conceptualize farmers' decision making processes. While farmers face complex situations, particularly when subsistence is an issue, they do appear to use simple rules in their decision making. To date inadequate attention has been given to understanding their reasoning processes in creating the rules, so this study traces the origins of farmers' beliefs, and extracts the decisive and dynamic elements in their decision making systems to provide this understanding. The analysis was structured by using a model based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Modifications included recognizing a bargaining process (BP) and other decision stimuli to represent socio-cultural influences and sources of perception, respectively. Two analyses based on the Personal Construct Theory (PCT) and the Ethnographic Decision Tree Modelling (EDTM) were also applied to help elaborate the farmers' cognitive process and actual decision criteria. The method involved interviews in two villages in Lamongan Regency in East Java Province of Indonesia, where the farmers adopted an improved paddy-prawn system ("pandu"). The results highlighted that farmers use rational strategies, and that socio-cultural factors influence decision making. This was represented by interactions between the farmers' perceptions, their bargaining effort, and various background factors. The TPB model revealed that the farmers' perceptions about the potential of "pandu", and the interaction with their "significant others", influenced their intention to adopt "pandu". The farmers appeared to prefer a steady income and familiar practices at the same time as obtaining new information, mainly from their peers. When "pandu" failed to show sufficiently profitable results, most farmers decided to ignore or discontinue "pandu". This became the biggest disincentive to a wide and sustainable adoption. However, the PCT analysis showed that part of this problem also stemmed from the farmers' lack of resources and knowledge. The farmers' restrictive conditions also led them to seek socio-cultural and practical support for their actions. This was highlighted by a bargaining process (BP) that integrated what the farmers had learned, and believed, into their adoption behaviour. The BP also captured the farmers' communication strategies when dealing with "pandu" as its adoption affected resource allocation within the family and required cooperation with neighbours. The PCT and EDTM analyses also confirmed how the BP accommodated different sets of decision criteria to form different adoption behaviours. Such a process indicated the importance of considering the adoption decision and the relevant changes resulting from the farmers' cognition. This provided a more dynamic and realistic description of the farmers' decision-making process than has previously been attempted. Overall, the results suggested that semi-commercial farmers need to know, and confirm, that a new technology is significantly superior to the existing system, and can provide a secure income. The introduction of a new technology should use a participatory approach allowing negotiation, conflict mitigation and the creation of consensus among the relevant parties. This can be supported through better access to knowledge, information and financing. A specific and well-targeted policy intervention may also be needed to accommodate the diversity in the farmers' ways of learning and making decisions. Ways to improve the current analytical approaches are also suggested.
9
Patterson, R. G. "A study of the soils and agronomy of a high country catchment." Lincoln University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1315.
Анотація:
This study was undertaken to research the principles and practices behind increased pasture productivity on Longslip Station, Omarama. A range of landscape - soil - climate - plant systems were identified, then analysed and the legume responses measured. By isolating cause and effect and appreciating the driving variables of each system, lessons learnt could be reliably and objectively transferred to the rest of the farm. Extrapolation to the balance of the property (15,150 ha) permitted immediate large-scale development and engendered confidence to lending institutions, Lands Department, catchment authorities and ourselves. Soil (land) cannot be well managed and conserved unless it is mapped reliably and its characteristics measured and interpreted by skilled observers (Cutler, 1977). Soil resource surveys, and their interpretation, are an essential ingredient of rational resource evaluation and planning. This thesis is a figurative and comparative survey and study of the soil catenary bodies, resident vegetation, legume establishment and pasture production characteristics of a 400 hectare catchment, in relation to, and as influenced by soil landscape unit, slope component, altitude, aspect and time. The inherent diversity in landform, soil properties and vegetation communities in a single catchment in the high country has not previously been fully studied or appreciated. This has lead to blanket recommendations for fertilizer, seed and management regimes both within and between properties and even regions. This study reports on the diversity of, yet predictable change in soil properties with slope position (upper, middle and lower) aspect and altitude in terms of both soil physical properties e.g. soil depth and water holding capacity and soil chemical properties such as pH, BS%, %P, %S, %N and %C. The composition of the resident vegetation and its differential response to oversowing and topdressing and subsequent change through time is reported and discussed. Finally an epilogue gives an insight into the problems and frustrations of farming practices in the high country from a motivation and personal perspective and political point of view that it is essential to come to terms with.
10
Powae, Wayne Ishmael. "Fair trade coffee supply chains in the highlands of Papua New Guinea : do they give higher returns to smallholders? : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1413.
Анотація:
This research focussed on Fair Trade (FT) coffee supply chains in Papua New Guinea. Three research questions were asked. First, do small holders in the FT chains receive higher returns than the smallholders in the conventional chains? Secondly, if smallholders in the FT coffee chains receive higher returns from their coffee than the smallholders in the conventional chains, what are the sources of these higher returns? Finally, if smallholders in the FT chains don't receive higher returns than in the conventional chains, what are the constraints to smallholders receiving higher returns from the FT coffee chains than the conventional chains? A conceptual framework for agribusiness supply chain was developed that was used to guide the field work. A comparative case study methodology was selcted as an appropriate method for eliciting the required information. Four case study chains were selected. A paired FT and conventional coffee chains from Okapa and another paired FT and conventional chains from Kainantu districts, Eastern Highlands Province were selected for the study. The research found that smallholders in the FT chains and vonventional chains receive very similar prices for their coffee (parchment price equivalent). Hence, there was no evidence that smallholders in the FT chains received higher prices or returns from their coffee production than smallholders in conventional chains. This study also found that there was no evidence of FLO certification improving returns to smallholders in the FT chains over those returns received in the conventional chains, but the community that the FT smallholder producers come from did benefit. The sources of these community benefits lies in the shorter FT chains and the distributions of the margin that would have been otherwise made by processors to producers, exporters and the community. In addition, this study found that constraints associated with value creation are similar in all the four chains studies. However, there are some added hurdles for the FT chains in adhering to FT and organic coffee standards. Moreover, FT co-oeratives lacked capacity to trade and their only functions were to help with FLO certification and distribute the FT premium to the community. The findings of this research support some aspects of the literature, but not others. The research contribution is the finding that in this period of high conventional coffee prices, returns to smallholders from FT chains were no bettter than the returns gained in conventional chains, which leads to oppotunism and lack of loyalty by smallholders in the FT chains. The other contribution of this research is in identifying a particular type of free rider who is not a member of the FT co-operative but has right to the community benefits generated by the FT chain.
Книги з теми "3002 Agriculture, land and farm management":
1
Yanagisawa, Kazuya. Kindai Chūgoku ni okeru nōka keiei to tochi shoyū: 1920--30-nendai Kahoku Kachū chiiki no kōzō to hendō. 8th ed. Tōkyō: Ochanomizu Shobō, 2000.
2
Wiskel, Bruno. The wealthy farmer: The complete guide to investing in agricultural land. Clinton, Alta: Evergreen, 2013.
3
Jia, Shenghua. Zhongguo dong bu di qu nong di shi yong quan shi chang fa yu mo shi he zheng ce yan jiu. 8th ed. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo nong ye chu ban she, 2003.
4
Kim, Chŏng-ho. Toji iyonghyŏng nongŏp ŭi kyŏngyŏngchʻe hwangnip e kwanhan yŏnʼgu: Sudojak taenong kyŏngyŏng ŭi sŏngnip, palchŏn ŭl wihan kyŏngyŏng hyŏngtʻaeron chŏk chŏpkŭn. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Hanʼguk Nongchʻon Kyŏngje Yŏnʼguwŏn, 1993.
5
Pexton, Tony. Maintaining incomes in the rural land-based economy. Market Harborough: Nuffield Farming Scholarship Trust, 2004.
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Royal Agricultural Society of England. Communications Department. Routes to rural prosperity: Farmland management strategies for the UK. Warwickshire (National Agricultural Centre, Stoneleigh Park, Warwickshire CV8 2LZ): Royal Agricultural Society of England, 2000.
7
Carlsen, Jesper. Vilici and Roman estate managers until AD 284. Roma: L'Erma di Bretschneider, 1995.
8
National Seminar on Land Use Policies and Practices (1998 Ibadan, Nigeria). Evolving an effective agricultural land use policy for Nigeria: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Land Use Policies and Practices, held in Ibadan, July 19-23, 1998. Ibadan: Wordsmit Editorial Services, 1999.
9
Schrank, Gilbert. An Orkney estate: Improvements at Graemeshall, 1827-1888. East Linton, East Lothian: Tuckwell Press, 1995.
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Pannell, David J. Changing land management: Adoption of new practices by rural landholders. Collingwood, Vic: CSIRO Pub., 2011.
Частини книг з теми "3002 Agriculture, land and farm management":
1
Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai, et al. "Greenhouse Gases from Agriculture." In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_1.
Анотація:
AbstractThe rapidly changing global climate due to increased emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) is leading to an increased occurrence of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves. The three major GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The major natural sources of CO2 include ocean–atmosphere exchange, respiration of animals, soils (microbial respiration) and plants, and volcanic eruption; while the anthropogenic sources include burning of fossil fuel (coal, natural gas, and oil), deforestation, and the cultivation of land that increases the decomposition of soil organic matter and crop and animal residues. Natural sources of CH4 emission include wetlands, termite activities, and oceans. Paddy fields used for rice production, livestock production systems (enteric emission from ruminants), landfills, and the production and use of fossil fuels are the main anthropogenic sources of CH4. Nitrous oxide, in addition to being a major GHG, is also an ozone-depleting gas. N2O is emitted by natural processes from oceans and terrestrial ecosystems. Anthropogenic N2O emissions occur mostly through agricultural and other land-use activities and are associated with the intensification of agricultural and other human activities such as increased use of synthetic fertiliser (119.4 million tonnes of N worldwide in 2019), inefficient use of irrigation water, deposition of animal excreta (urine and dung) from grazing animals, excessive and inefficient application of farm effluents and animal manure to croplands and pastures, and management practices that enhance soil organic N mineralisation and C decomposition. Agriculture could act as a source and a sink of GHGs. Besides direct sources, GHGs also come from various indirect sources, including upstream and downstream emissions in agricultural systems and ammonia (NH3) deposition from fertiliser and animal manure.
2
Hendriks, Sheryl, Jean-François Soussana, Martin Cole, Andrew Kambugu, and David Zilberman. "Ensuring Access to Safe and Nutritious Food for All Through the Transformation of Food Systems." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 31–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_4.
Анотація:
AbstractAction Track 1 of the Food Systems Summit offers an opportunity to bring together the crucial elements of food safety, nutrition, poverty and inequalities in the framework of food systems within the context of climate and environmental change to ensure that all people have access to a safe and nutritious diet. Achieving Action Track 1’s goal is essential to achieving the goals of the other Action Tracks. With less than a decade left to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), most countries are not on a course to hit either the World Health Organisation’s nutrition targets or the SDG 2 targets. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated malnutrition and highlighted the need for food safety. The pandemic has also exposed the deep inequalities in both food systems and societies as a whole. Nonetheless, future food systems can address many of these failings and ensure safe and nutritious food for all. However, structural change is necessary to address the socio-economic drivers behind malnutrition, inequalities and the climate and environmental impacts of food. Adopting a whole-system approach in policy, research and monitoring and evaluation is crucial for managing trade-off and externalities from farm-level to national scales and across multiple sectors and agencies. Supply chain failures will need to be overcome and technology solutions adopted and adapted to specific contexts. A transformation of food systems requires coordinating changes in supply and demand in differentiated ways across world regions: bridging yield gaps and improving livestock feed conversion, largely through agro-ecological practices, deploying soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation at scale, and reducing food loss and waste, as well as addressing over-nourishment and shifting the diets of wealthy populations. The sustainability of global food systems also requires halting the expansion of agriculture into fragile ecosystems, while restoring degraded forests, fisheries, rangelands, peatlands and wetlands. Shifting to more sustainable consumption and production patterns within planetary boundaries will require efforts to influence food demand and diets, diversify food systems, and develop careful land-use planning and management. Integrative policies need to ensure that food prices reflect real costs (including major externalities caused by climate change, land degradation and biodiversity loss, and the public health impacts of malnutrition), reduce food waste and, at the same time, ensure the affordability of safe and healthy food and decent incomes and wages for farmers and food system workers. The harnessing of science and technology solutions and the sharing of actionable knowledge with all players in the food system offer many opportunities. Greater coordination of food system stakeholders is crucial for greater inclusion, greater transparency and more accountability. Sharing lessons and experiences will foster adaptive learning and responsive actions. Careful consideration of the trade-offs, externalities and costs of not acting is needed to ensure that the changes we make benefit all, and especially the most vulnerable in society.
3
Neya, Tiga, Oblé Neya, Galine Yanon, and Akwasi A. Abunyewa. "Climate Smart Agriculture: Threshold Number of Trees in Agroforestry Parkland for Better Land Management to Climate Adaptation and Mitigation in West Africa Burkina Faso." In Environmental Sciences. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107963.
Анотація:
Agroforestry system is the most climate smart agriculture practices in West Africa. Because perennials are generally more resistant to climate extremes, such as drought, flood, and heat, than annual crops. Park land may appear to be competitive with crop on farm. To elucidate that, trees number and their canopy cover on farming system were assessed through tree inventory in three municipalities and compared with normal trees canopy cover. More than 3000 trees which spreading was 1154 in Bouroum-Bourom, 884 in Ouahigouya, and 1054 in Sapouy were used. Trees density and mean tree canopy cover in farms were calculated. Trees density on farm were about the double of trees threshold number in Soudanian zone, one and half both in Soudan Sahel and Sahel strict zones. Tree canopy cover were 66.25, 59.92, and 42.1 m2, respectively in Bouroum-Bourom, Sapouy, and Ouahigouya. The average tree cover was 23.99, 18.23, and 14.88%, respectively, the Municipality. Agroforestry system as more trees that it should be, to optimize the positive impact of agroforestry system to increase crop yield and restore land fertility the number of trees on parkland system should be 15, 17, and 24 trees/ha, respectively in Bouroum-Bouroum, Sapouy, and Ouahigouya.
4
Collinson, Michael. "The Variable Attributes: Land." In Farm Management in Peasant Agriculture, 167–95. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429049637-10.
5
Wicherek, S., G. Chêne, and M. Mekharchi. "Impact of agriculture on soil degradation : modelisation at the watershed scale for a spatial management and development." In Farm Land Erosion, 137–53. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-81466-1.50017-4.
6
Ortloff, Charles R. "Ancient pre-Columbian Peru, Bolivia and Mesoamerica." In Water Engineering in the Ancient World. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199239092.003.0004.
Анотація:
Irrigation agriculture is a transformational technology used to secure high food yields from undeveloped lands. Specific to ancient South America, the Chimú Empire occupied the north coast of Peru from the Chillon to the Lambeyeque Valleys (Figure 1.1.1) from800 to 1450 CE (Late Intermediate Period (LIP)) and carried canal reclamation far beyond modern limits by applying hydraulics concepts unknown to Western science until the beginning of the 20th century. The narrative that follows examines hydraulic engineering and water management developments and strategies during the many centuries of agricultural development in the Chimú heartland of the Moche River Basin. The story examines how Chimú engineers and planners managed to greatly expand the agricultural output of valleys under their control by employing advanced canal irrigation technologies and the economic and political circumstances under which large-scale reclamation projects took place. The following time period conventions are used in the discussion that follow: Preceramic and Formative Period (3000–1800 BCE) Initial Period (IP) 1800–900 BCE Early Horizon (EH) 900–200 BCE Early Intermediate Period (EIP) 200 BCE–600 CE Middle Horizon (MH) 600–1000 CE Late Intermediate Period (LIP) 1000–1476 CE Late Horizon (LH) 1476–1534 CE. Chimú political power and state development was concentrated in Peruvian north coast valleys. Each valley contained an intermittent river supplied by seasonal rainfall runoff/glacial melt water from the adjacent eastern highlands. Over millennia, silts carried by the rivers from highland sources formed gently sloping alluvial valleys with fertile desert soils suitable for agriculture. An arid environment tied the Chimú economy to intravalley irrigation networks supplied from these rivers; these systems were supplemented by massive intervalley canals of great length that transported water between river valleys, thus opening vast stretches of intervalley lands to farming. The Chimú accomplishments and achievements in desert environment agricultural technologies brought canal-based water management and irrigation technology to its zenith among ancient South American civilizations, with practically all coastal cultivatable intervalley and intravalley lands reachable by canals brought under cultivation.
7
Pallot, Judith, and Tat'yana Nefedova. "Household Production’s Nearest Neighbours: Small and ependent Farming in the Russian Countryside." In Russia's Unknown Agriculture. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199227419.003.0014.
Анотація:
The Russian countryside has a rich variety of small and independent farmers, in addition to household producers. While many appear in records, the existence of others is hidden or is misrepresented in official typologies. Like household producers, these other independent producers cover a spectrum from those that are engaged primarily in producing for personal consumption to those that are oriented to the market and may employ hired labour. Their legal status varies; some are formally registered with local authorities as a separate farm, business, or smallholding but others exist within the framework of a larger organization or on the basis of informal contracts. Among the former are peasant farm economies (krestyankie fermskie khozyaistva) hereafter private farms, formed under the provisions of the land reform, small specialized agricultural businesses, and the allotments and smallholdings of urban residents. Among the latter is a rich variety of permanent and temporary businesses that use land under sharecropping and other rental agreements negotiated with larger farms and local authorities. They include the ranches (koshary) and peripatetic teams or rental brigades (arendnie brigady) described in the previous chapter, and more orthodox types of tenant farms. The justification for pulling this mixed bag together into a single chapter is that they either overlap or share some crucial characteristic with household producers: it may be the small scale of their operations or that much of their activity takes place ‘in the shadows’, or that like household producers they can be simultaneously involved in producing for their own consumption and for the market. Their existence suggests the need to examine the ways in which capital is reworking economic and social relationships in rural Russia, inside and outside existing institutions and the formal structures of power. Soviet collective and state farms were not unchanging institutions; their management structure, forms of labour organization, methods of remuneration, and forward and backward linkages evolved over the course of the sixty years after collectivization.
8
Mufti, Shahnaz, Sumati Narayan, and Aijaz Ahmad Malik. "Organic Techniques in Vegetable Crop Production for Sustainable Agriculture." In Handbook of Research on Green Technologies for Sustainable Management of Agricultural Resources, 497–508. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8434-7.ch032.
Анотація:
Sustainable crop production is a way of growing or raising food in an ecologically and ethically responsible manner. Sustainable crop production is in contrast to industrial crop production, which generally relies upon monocropping (growing only one crop in a large area of land), intensive application of commercial fertilizers, heavy use of pesticides, and other inputs that are damaging to the environment, to communities, and to farm workers. Organic farming is one of the several approaches found to meet the objectives of sustainable agriculture. Organic vegetable cultivation offers one of the most sustainable farming systems with the recurring benefits to long term soil health and provide a lasting stability in production by importing better resistance against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Most of organic products are growing at a faster rate (20%) as compared to conventional ones (5%). This growth rate is highest in Japan, USA, Australia, and EU.
9
Kumar, Sanjeev. "Problems and Prospects of Agricultural Marketing in Hills of Himachal Pradesh." In Agribusiness Development Planning and Management. New Delhi Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30954/ndp.agribusiness.2020.2.
Анотація:
Agricultural marketing plays a crucial role in accelerating the economic development of hill agriculture. An efficient agriculture marketing system is supposed to add to the welfare of producers as well as consumers. It helps in the optimization of resource use, output management, increase in farm incomes, widening of markets, growth of agro-based industry, addition to national income through value addition and employment creation. India is a country with diverse agro-climatic endowments; conditions under which agriculture in the plains and hills present differing scenario. The mountainous region of the country has tremendous potential or cultivation of many high valued added and rare commodities. Among the 34 million people that inhabit the Himalayan region of the country, a large percentage is of the hill farming communities. The hills of India produces a wide range of goods starting from temperate fruits to subtropical fruits but lacks infrastructure facilities due to which farmers do not get better price for their produce. Traditional agriculture is the major and dominant activity in the hill economy, which confronts multiple risks and uncertainty. The hills of Himachal Pradesh also have lots of inherent constraints related to agricultural marketing in terms of inaccessibility and remoteness, marginality and fragility, scattered land holdings, traditional mode of production, low use of modern inputs, transportation difficulty due to the difficult hilly terrain, non-availability of regulated markets, lack of proper market information and absence of post-harvest infrastructure. As we all know that hilly regions are gradually diversified in favour of fruits and vegetables, different flower plants and forest trees production but, due to scarcity of proper transportation, lack of postharvest infrastructure, under-developed supporting institutions, industries, undulating topography, lack of innovative technologies etc. the growth potential of hill agriculture is still remained unexploited. Therefore, strengthening of markets, innovative marketing techniques and boosting on-line trading can help in a big way for solving the problems of marketing in hills.
10
Sahu, Biswabara, Snigdha Chatterjee, and Ruby Patel. "Sustainable Carbon Management Practices (CMP) - A Way Forward in Reducing CO2 Flux." In Climate Issues in Asia and Africa - Examining Climate, Its Flux, the Consequences, and Society's Responses [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97337.
Анотація:
Asian agriculture sector contributes about 44% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Predominantly paddy rice cultivation couples with indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, burning of fossil fuels in farm machinery majorly causes GHG emissions from farmlands in Asia. Presently, Asian soils have 25% cropland soil organic carbon (SOC) content but with moderately to highly vulnerability towards land degradation. To make up the soil carbon losses which has occurred due to continuous cultivation and tillage, it is recommended to adopt suitable carbon management practices to sequester carbon in soil through their physio-chemical protection. Conservation agriculture (CA), cover crop, crop diversification, integrated nutrient management (INM) and balanced fertilisation promotes better soil structure formation, stabilisation of aggregate associated carbon, microbial polymerisation of organic matter as well as a better root architecture. Carbon management practices not only improve soil fertility but also supports improved grain and straw yield. More the yield more biomass addition occurs to the soil. Soil carbon sequestration may not be the only panacea of climate change related issues, but is certainly a way forward to enriched soil fertility, improved agronomic production as well as adaptive- mitigation for offsetting anthropogenic GHG emission.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "3002 Agriculture, land and farm management":
1
ATKOCEVIČIENĖ, Virginija, Jolanta VALČIUKIENĖ, Daiva JUKNELIENĖ, and Edita JUOČYTĖ. "LAND USE AND PLANNING IN RURAL AREAS (A CASE STUDY OF GIEDRAIČIAI SUBDISTRICT)." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.022.
Анотація:
The rational use of land should be ensured, soil-friendly agricultural branches should be developed as well as attractive environment for work, living and resting in the countryside should be created in promoting rural development in Lithuania. Areas with favourable natural conditions have a high degree of economic activity, farm size, and economic development. However, not everywhere the natural conditions for the development of agriculture are favourable. The research was carried out in the Giedraičiai rural area of Molėtai district, which deals with the factors influencing the use of land, the declared area of land, the problem of land abandonment. The methods of legal analysis, analysis of literature, analysis, comparison and aggregation of statistical data were used during the research. After the fulfilment of the analysis of the declared area of land during the period between the years 2012 and 2016, it was established that the area of agricultural land declared during the five years increased by 655 hectares, the number of farmers who declared agricultural land decreased by 104, and the number of declared parcels declined even to 1729. The process of the growing of farms is likely to occur. The area of abandoned land in Giedraičiai subdistrict reaches 300 hectares, the number of abandoned areas exceeds 800. Estimating the statistical data and solutions of the general plan of the Molėtai district area preliminary solutions for the management of the territory of the Giedraičiai subdistrict for agriculture and rural development are being provided, i.e. it is planned to implement rural development land use planning projects for the management of farms, and to select a farmhouse farm site. To reduce the abandoned land areas, it is advisable to plan forests, expand the areas of meadows and natural pastures, apply organic farming and adapt the areas for recreation.
2
Rumyantsev, F. P., and L. A. Simonova. "ORGANIZATION OF AREA AND CROP TURNS IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES BASED ON THE COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURE." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.643-646.
Анотація:
The paper analyzes the actual use of arable land in agricultural enterprises. The ways of eliminating the identified deficiencies through on-farm land management projects using a comprehensive assessment of arable land are outlined.
3
Naglis-Liepa, Kaspars, Dzidra Kreismane, Laima Berzina, Olga Frolova, and Elita Aplocina. "Integrated farming: the way to sustainable agriculture in Latvia." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.003.
Анотація:
Agricultural production is currently at a crossroads due to the need to balance the requirements of climate, biodiversity, air quality, and access to food health, farmers' incomes and economic conditions. These demands are often controversial, and the goals of policy makers are contradictory. Sustainability in agriculture needs to be put into practice. The concept of sustainable agriculture is based on agro-ecology and a system approach and aims to promote sustainable, resilient, cost-effective and stable farming systems. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature and the current situation, the paper authors have concluded that a logical path to sustainability is integrated agriculture. It is a whole farm management system that allows farmers to identify opportunities and threats and act accordingly, while also taking into account the interests of consumers in their business. The paper aims to outline the role of integrated agriculture in the development of sustainable agriculture based on the analysis of the relevant scientific literature and the current situation. Integrated management is the knowledge-based management of all available resources integrated farms are able to provide climate benefits, provide more diverse (especially pasture) land management, farm animals have a higher quality of life and survival.
4
ATKOČIŪNIENĖ, Vilma, and Shaik Ilyas MOHAMMED. "PARTICULARITIES OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE BLACK FOREST: CLIMATE CHANGE AND MANAGEMENT ASPECTS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.239.
Анотація:
The current European Union’s and state agricultural support is more focused on the modernization of farms in technological terms, coupled with the intensification of production, and weakly focused on the farm exclusivity and diversification. This creates a minor motivation for farmers to address the issues related to climate change mitigation. The main attention in the article is concentrated on two themes: climate change and forest management. The main research methods were used: analysis and generalization of scientific literature, interview, logical and systematically reasoning, comparison, abstracts and other methods. The farms in the lower mountain ranges of Germany will change different climate conditions analyzed in the 2017 summer. Sustainable framing wide term in black forest, forest lands, organic farms, are depending or considering the climate cycles. In economic social conditions of Germany, black forest farming is so sensitive towards ancient methods of farming and their equations with the current environment. In simple terms, black forest sustainable framing is farming ecological by promoting methods and practices that are economically viable. It does not only particular about economic aspects of farming perhaps on the use of non-renewable factors in the process of thoughtful and effective farming. Agriculture land of Black Forest contributes to the nutrient and healthy food to reach high standard of living of the black forest society.
5
Apata, T., G. N’Guessan, K. Ayantoye, and O. Idowu. "Agricultural land-use systems and climate change among small Farmers in nigeria." In Decision Making Based on Data. International Association for Statistical Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.19301.
Анотація:
In sub-Saharan-Africa (SSA), agriculture land-use supports the livelihoods of the majority of people. Land- use for agricultural-activity is an economic-activity that is highly dependent upon weather and climate that produce food and fibre necessary to sustain human life. Hence, land-use for agriculture is expected to be vulnerable to climate variability. This paper examines this relationship. The paper presents data and generated evidence-based decision making under risk and uncertainty as influenced by climate change and its effects on agricultural land-use/outputs. Farm-level cost-route survey of cross-sectional national-data of 800 respondents was used for analysis. Data were analyzed and presented using the tools of descriptive statistics, trans-logarithms model and multivariate probit model (MVP). The study indicated a strong relationship between efficient use of agricultural-land and adaptive-processes to climate-change. Thus, providing data and analysis that strengthen policy decisions on land-use and climate change. Hence, policies of promoting and motivating sustainable land-use management need to be entrenched.
6
Tsvyatkova, Daniela. "HEREDITARY FARMING: A SYNERGY PANEL IN THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.280.
Анотація:
The use of the potential of the land and the natural resources of the new generations in the separate regions are the main prerequisite and basis for the development of a certain type of multifunctional agriculture. The process of continuity should be seen as a process and not as a one-off action or event. The aim of the study is to analyze the process of inheritance in agriculture, as a socio-economic method for ensuring the viability of rural areas. The analysis is based on empirical evidence - cases from family farms and young heirs in rural areas of Bulgaria. The transfer of farm management to the next generation must be organized. Otherwise, the alternative is clear: resettlement from rural areas, a rapidly aging population and insufficient young people to enter the sector. Recognizing the importance of continuity, the Common Agricultural Policy provides training and funding to encourage young people to engage in agricultural activities.