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Опубліковано: 5 листопада 2022

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Anaissie, Elias J., Wei-zhi Zhao, Yue-Jin Wen, Monica Grazziutti, Wen Ling, Jeanette Lee, Frits van Rhee, and Bart Barlogie. "Deficiency of Mannose-Binding Lectin Is a Risk Factor for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: An Analysis of 482 Patients." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.667.667.

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Abstract Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neutropenic cancer patients. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a circulating pattern-recognition molecule that recognizes microbial carbohydrate motifs, leading to complement activation, opsonization, phagocytosis, and cell lysis and is considered an important component of innate immunity. Deficiency of MBL is common due to genetic polymorphisms and has been identified as a risk factor for severe infections among myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). MBL deficiency has also been reported as a predisposing factor for chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, a locally invasive infection typically seen in patients with chronic lung disease. The association between MBL deficiency in cancer patients and susceptibility to IPA has never been evaluated. This study investigated whether MBL deficiency, as measured by serum MBL levels, is associated with the development of IPA in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing multiple cycles of antineoplastic chemotherapy including tandem ASCT and post-transplant consolidation chemotherapy. Baseline serum MBL level was measured using ELISA. The frequency of IPA was assessed retrospectively in 482 adult myeloma patients (2007–2008), 50 of whom developed IPA. Association between MBL levels and IPA was analyzed using logistic regression analysis (table 1). Patients with normal serum MBL levels (≥ 1000 ng/mL) had significantly fewer episodes of IPA [(21 in 303 patients; 6.9%); Odds ratio, 0.385; 95% CI (0.212–0.699); P = 0.0017] than patients with low (100–999 ng/mL; 18 episodes in 125 patients (14.4%)) and very low (<100 ng/mL) MBL levels (11 episodes in 54 patients; 20.4%) (Table 1). We conclude that MBL deficiency is associated with more frequent episodes of IPA among patients with myeloma undergoing intensive antineoplastic therapy including ASCT and should be added to the list of risk factors for chemotherapy-related IPA. Baseline MBL level may serve as a predictor for the risk of IPA among such patients. This novel finding may have important therapeutic implications because recombinant Human MBL replacement therapy is now available and could therefore be applied prophylactically to decrease the risk of IPA in MBL-deficient patients receiving chemotherapy. Table 1. Association between serum MBL level and risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (482 pts) Aspergillosis MBL (ng/mL) No (n=432) Yes (n=50) Rate Odds ratio (95%C.I.) P-value <100 43 (10%) 11 (22%) 11/54 (20% ) Reference Reference 100–1000 107 (25%) 18 (36%) 18/125 (14%) 0.658 (0.287–1.507) 0.3218 1000 282 (65%) 21 (42%) 21/303 (7%) 0.291 (0.131–0.646) 0.0024 MBL <1000 150 (35%) 29 (58%) 29/179 (16%) Reference

Sillero, Josefina C., María M. Rojas-Molina, Amero A. Emeran, Mohamed Kharrat, Johanna Winkler, Habib R. Khan, Fernando Flores, and Diego Rubiales. "Identification and multi-environment validation of resistance to rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) in Vicia faba." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 11 (2017): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17099.

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A germplasm collection of 484 accessions of Vicia faba was screened for resistance to rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) under field conditions. Accessions varied in the levels of rust infection, although no complete resistance was identified. Stability of resistance of the 39 most-resistant accessions was tested in a multi-location experiment in Austria, Egypt, Tunisia, United Kingdom and Spain over three additional field seasons. Genotype × environment interaction accounted for 43% of the sum of squares of the multi-environment evaluation, revealing instability of the phenotypic expression across environments. This might hamper the efficiency of selection suggesting the need for selection in different environments. Three possible mega-environments were discerned in the studied area, Mediterranean (Spain, Tunisia and Egypt), Oceanic (UK) and Continental (Austria). Córdoba (Spain) and Kafr El-Sheik (Egypt) showed as ideal environments for rust resistance screenings within Mediterranean environment. Several accessions (300, 303, 311, 313, 720, 1196 and 1271) were grouped as moderately to highly resistant in the three defined mega-environments. These accessions showed clear differences both in terms of reduced disease severity and high stability, which make them good candidates for international faba bean breeding programmes. Concerning each mega-environment, accessions 300 and 311 were the most resistant and stable ones across the Mediterranean one, followed by accessions 720, 1022, 1272, 1320 and BPL261. On the contrary other accessions (313, 452, 481 and 1196) were the most resistant in Oceanic and Continental environments. However, 452 and 481 were susceptible in the Mediterranean mega-environment. This contrasting performance across the environments was also supported by contradictory performance of the checks BPL261 and Baraca in Oceanic and Continental environments, suggesting differential virulence in rust populations, which deserves further attention.

Tang, X. D., C. Henkel, F. Wyrowski, A. Giannetti, K. M. Menten, T. Csengeri, S. Leurini, et al. "ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps in the inner Galaxy." Astronomy & Astrophysics 611 (March 2018): A6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732168.

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Context. Formaldehyde (H2CO) is a reliable tracer to accurately measure the physical parameters of dense gas in star-forming regions. Aim. We aim to determine directly the kinetic temperature and spatial density with formaldehyde for the ~100 brightest ATLASGAL-selected clumps (the TOP100 sample) at 870 μm representing various evolutionary stages of high-mass star formation. Methods. Ten transitions (J = 3–2 and 4–3) of ortho- and para-H2CO near 211, 218, 225, and 291 GHz were observed with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) 12 m telescope. Results. Using non-LTE models with RADEX, we derived the gas kinetic temperature and spatial density with the measured para-H2CO 321–220/303–202, 422–321/404–303, and 404–303/303–202 ratios. The gas kinetic temperatures derived from the para-H2CO 321–220/303–202 and 422–321/404–303 line ratios are high, ranging from 43 to >300 K with an unweighted average of 91 ± 4 K. Deduced Tkin values from the J = 3–2 and 4–3 transitions are similar. Spatial densities of the gas derived from the para-H2CO 404–303/303–202 line ratios yield 0.6–8.3 × 106 cm−3 with an unweighted average of 1.5 (±0.1) × 106 cm−3. A comparison of kinetic temperatures derived from para-H2CO, NH3, and dust emission indicates that para-H2CO traces a distinctly higher temperature than the NH3 (2, 2)/(1, 1) transitions and the dust, tracing heated gas more directly associated with the star formation process. The H2CO line widths are found to be correlated with bolometric luminosity and increase with the evolutionary stage of the clumps, which suggests that higher luminosities tend to be associated with a more turbulent molecular medium. It seems that the spatial densities measured with H2CO do not vary significantly with the evolutionary stage of the clumps. However, averaged gas kinetic temperatures derived from H2CO increase with time through the evolution of the clumps. The high temperature of the gas traced by H2CO may be mainly caused by radiation from embedded young massive stars and the interaction of outflows with the ambient medium. For Lbol/Mclump ≳ 10 L⊙/M⊙, we find a rough correlation between gas kinetic temperature and this ratio, which is indicative of the evolutionary stage of the individual clumps. The strong relationship between H2CO line luminosities and clump masses is apparently linear during the late evolutionary stages of the clumps, indicating that LH_2CO does reliably trace the mass of warm dense molecular gas. In our massive clumps H2CO line luminosities are approximately linearly correlated with bolometric luminosities over about four orders of magnitude in Lbol, which suggests that the mass of dense molecular gas traced by the H2CO line luminosity is well correlated with star formation.

Kraleva, Dilyana, Sharon Evans, Alex Pinto, Anne Daly, Catherine Ashmore, Kiri Pointon-Bell, Júlio César Rocha, and Anita MacDonald. "Protein Labelling Accuracy for UK Patients with PKU Following a Low Protein Diet." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 3440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113440.

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A phenylalanine (protein)-restricted diet is the primary treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU). Patients are dependent on food protein labelling to successfully manage their condition. We evaluated the accuracy of protein labelling on packaged manufactured foods from supermarket websites for foods that may be eaten as part of a phenylalanine-restricted diet. Protein labelling information was evaluated for 462 food items (“free from”, n = 159, regular, n = 303), divided into 16 food groups using supermarket website data. Data collection included protein content per portion/100 g when food was “as sold”, “cooked” or “prepared”; cooking methods, and preparation instructions. Labelling errors affecting protein content were observed in every food group, with overall protein labelling unclear in 55% (n = 255/462) of foods. There was misleading, omitted, or erroneous (MOE) information in 43% (n = 68/159) of “free from” foods compared with 62% (n = 187/303) of regular foods, with fewer inaccuracies in “free from” food labelling (p = 0.007). Protein analysis was available for uncooked weight only but not cooked weight for 58% (n = 85/146) of foods; 4% (n = 17/462) had misleading protein content. There was a high rate of incomplete, misleading, or inaccurate data affecting the interpretation of the protein content of food items on supermarket websites. This could adversely affect metabolic control of patients with PKU and warrants serious consideration.

Hilscher, F. Henry, Dirk B. Burken, Curt J. Bittner, Jana L. Gramkow, Robert G. Bondurant, Melissa L. Jolly-Breithaupt, Andrea K. Watson, Jim C. MacDonald, Terry J. Klopfenstein, and Galen E. Erickson. "Impact of corn silage moisture at harvest on performance of growing steers with supplemental rumen undegradable protein, finishing steer performance, and nutrient digestibility by lambs1." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 761–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz011.

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Abstract Three experiments evaluated delaying corn silage harvest, silage concentration, and source of supplemental protein on performance and nutrient digestibility in growing and finishing diets. Experiment 1 used 180 crossbred yearling steers (body weight [BW] = 428; SD = 39 kg) to evaluate corn silage dry matter (DM) (37% or 43%) and replacing corn with silage (15% or 45% of diet DM) in finishing diets containing 40% modified distillers grains with solubles. Experiment 2 used 60 crossbred steers (BW = 271; SD = 32 kg) to evaluate corn silage harvest DM (37% or 43%) and response to rumen undegradable protein (RUP) supplementation (0.5%, 1.4%, 2.4%, 3.3%, or 4.2% of diet DM) in silage growing diets. Experiment 3 used 9 crossbred lambs (BW = 30.1; SD = 4.1 kg) to evaluate nutrient digestibility of 37% or 43% DM corn silage in silage growing diets fed ad libitum or restricted to 1.5% of BW. In experiment 1, as corn silage concentration increased from 15% to 45%, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) decreased (P ≤ 0.04). Carcass-adjusted final BW and hot carcass weight (HCW) were lower (P ≤ 0.04) for steers fed 45% corn silage compared to 15% when fed for equal days. As DM of corn silage was increased from 37% to 43%, no differences (P ≥ 0.30) in dry matter intake (DMI), ADG, G:F, or HCW were observed. In experiment 2, as DM of corn silage increased from 37% to 43%, ADG and G:F decreased (P ≤ 0.04). Increasing supplemental RUP in the diet increased (P ≤ 0.05) ending BW, DMI, ADG, and G:F linearly as supplemental RUP increased from 0.5% to 4.2%. In experiment 3, there were no differences (P ≥ 0.56) in DM digestibility and organic matter digestibility between silage harvest DM and intake level. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake was reduced (P < 0.01) for lambs fed the delayed harvest corn silage compared to earlier corn silage harvest. As silage harvest was delayed from 37% to 43% DM, NDF digestibility decreased (P < 0.01) from 64.39% to 53.41%. Although increasing corn silage concentration in place of corn in finishing diets reduced ADG and G:F, delayed silage harvest did not affect performance of finishing cattle. Delayed silage harvest in growing cattle resulted in lower ADG and G:F, possibly due to increased starch or maturity leading to decreased NDF digestibility. The addition of RUP to silage-based, growing diets improves performance by supplying more metabolizable protein and suggests RUP of corn silage is limiting.

Ballon-Landa, Eric Christian, Karim Chamie, Jeffrey C. Bassett, Timothy J. Daskivich, Julie Lai, Janet Hanley, Badrinath R. Konety, Mark S. Litwin, and Christopher Saigal. "Treatment patterns in patients with recurrent high-risk bladder cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2014): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.4_suppl.303.

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303 Background: Patients with high-risk bladder cancer are apt to develop multiple recurrences. Since the association of recurrences with aggressive treatment in individuals with recurrent high-grade disease has not been quantified, we sought to determine whether increasing number of recurrences correlates with higher treatment rates. Methods: Using linked SEER-Medicare data, we identified subjects with recurrent high-grade, non-muscle-invasive disease diagnosed in 1992–2002 and followed until 2007. Using propensity score and competing-risks regression analyses, we quantified the incidence of radical cystectomy, radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy after each recurrence. We further restricted our analyses of treatment in auspicious environments, defined as those patients most suited for aggressive intervention: age <70, Charlson 0, and undifferentiated T1 tumors treated at academic cancer centers. Results: Of 4,521 subjects, (59.6%) 2,694 recurred more than once within two years of diagnosis. Compared with patients who only had one recurrence, those with ≥4 recurrences were less likely to undergo radical cystectomy (9.7% vs 12.1%, p value=0.03), but more likely to undergo radiotherapy (18.0% vs 12.1%, p value<0.01) and systemic chemotherapy (6.7% vs 4.2%, p value<0.01). For patients with ≥4 recurrences, only 25% were treated with curative intent, while 43% were similarly treated in auspicious environments. Conclusions: Only 25% of patients with high-risk bladder cancer who recur ≥4 times undergo treatment for curative intent. Increasing recurrences do not appear to alter the treatment course, as patients and their doctors may be unable or unwilling to proceed with aggressive treatment despite mounting risk of disease progression. [Table: see text]

Hussain, Shabir, Hakoomat Ali, and Syed Tahir Raza Gardezi. "Soil applied potassium improves productivity and fiber quality of cotton cultivars grown on potassium deficient soils." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 29, 2021): e0250713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250713.

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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is considered as the most valuable cash crop of Pakistan. During last decade, its yield has been declined due to various biotic and abiotic factors. Among abiotic factors, improper use of fertilizers is considered very important specially regarding plant defense and yield. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) of K fertilizer (K2O) on different growth parameters of two commercial Bt cotton cultivars (CYTO-301 and IUB-2013) and one non-Bt cultivar (CYTO-142) during 2016 and 2017. Maximum plant height (124–134 cm), dry matter contents (915–1005%), fruiting point (441–462), bolls per plant (96–139), average boll weight (4.2–5.2 g) and seed cotton yield (2524–3175 kg ha-1) and minimum shedding (43–73%) were observed in plots receiving highest dose of K (120 kg ha-1). The CYTO-103 cultivar was found more responsive to K fertilizer as compared to rest of cultivars (CYTO-142 and IUB-2013). Concluding, ideal dose of fertilizer is very important (120 kg ha-1 in our case) for optimum growth and production of good quality fiber with enhanced seed cotton yield.

McNicol, D. K., and M. Wayland. "Distribution of Waterfowl Broods in Sudbury Area Lakes in Relation to Fish, Macroinvertebrates, and Water Chemistry." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, S1 (December 19, 1992): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-307.

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We studied habitat selection by insectivorous waterfowl in 65 small lakes near Sudbury, Ontario. Data on environmental variables (pH, alkalinity, conductivity, calcium, total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and area), fish, and littoral macroinvertebrates indicated that the distribution of broods was influenced by differences in invertebrate prey assemblages in lakes with differing degrees of acid stress and types offish predation. Lakes ranged in pH from 4.2 to 7.7 (mean = 5.8); 40% were fishless, 43% were dominated by yellow perch (Perca flavescens) or white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) (YP/WS), and the remainder contained only small cyprinids, sticklebacks, or darters (C/S). Fishless lakes were more acid than lakes with fish. Compared with fishless lakes, C/S lakes had higher levels of DOC and YP/WS lakes were larger. Macroinvertebrate composition was strongly related to fish composition and suggested increasing predation along a gradient: fishless < C/S < YP/WS. pH-related variables distinguished lakes with a taxonomically rich benthos from those with a taxonomically poorer fauna. Insectivorous waterfowl selected fishless lakes over lakes with fish and C/S over YP/WS lakes. Lakes with species-rich, acid-sensitive invertebrate assemblages were not selected over those typified by species-poor, acid-tolerant ones.

Viberti, G., E. Bognetti, M. J. Wiseman, R. Dodds, J. L. Gross, and H. Keen. "Effect of protein-restricted diet on renal response to a meat meal in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 253, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): F388—F393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1987.253.3.f388.

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To study the influence of preceding dietary protein intake on the renal response to a protein meal we examined renal hemodynamic and excretory responses to a meat meal in six normal human subjects either taking their normal-protein diet (NPD, 75 +/- 5 g/day) or after 3 wk of a low-protein diet (LPD, 43 +/- 3 g/day; P less than 0.005). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was lower on LPD than on NPD (107 +/- 7 vs. 124 +/- 5 ml X min-1 X 1.73 M-2, respectively; P less than 0.01), as was renal plasma flow (RPF) (NPD, 666 +/- 44; LPD, 605 +/- 43 ml X min-1 X 1.73 M-2; P less than 0.05). Filtration fraction (FF) was not different (NPD, 0.19 +/- 0.01; LPD, 0.18 +/- 0.01). Urinary excretion of albumin was also lower after LPD than NPD (2.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.2 +/- 0.8 micrograms/min; P less than 0.05). After an 80-g protein meat meal, GFR rose to a ceiling significantly higher on NPD than on LPD (132 +/- 4.8 vs. 120 +/- 5.2 ml X min-1 X 1.73 M-2; P less than 0.02), even though the percent changes were greater on LPD than on NPD (12.7 +/- 3.3 vs. 6.6 +/- 1.5%, respectively; P less than 0.05). There was a rise in RPF that was entirely attributable to a fall in renal vascular resistance, and FF did not change. On both diets, oral protein loading produced a 200-300% increase in the urinary excretion and fractional clearance of albumin and IgG, but failed to alter that of beta 2-microglobulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Kim, Chae-yong, So Hyun Bae, Min-Jung Park, Min Mi Lee, Tae Min Kim, Young-Hoon Kim, Yu Jung Kim, and Chul-Kee Park. "Toxicity profile of temozolomide in the treatment of 300 malignant glioma patients in Korea." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 2041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.2041.

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2041 Background: Toxicity of temozolomide itself has been rarely reported in the field of neuro-oncology. In an attempt to explore the toxicity profiles of temozolomide we investigated the records of 300 glioma patients in two institutions in Korea. Methods: We reviewed the records of 300 glioma patients who were treated with temozolomide between Jan 2004 and May 2010 at two hospitals of our university at two medical centers in Seoul National University, Korea. The age range of patients was 17 ~ 84 years old with its median of 49 years old. Their pathologies were glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, gliomastosis cerebri, gliosarcoma and others. Temozolomide was used as only concurrent manner with radiotherapy in 46 patients, as both concurrent and adjuvant manner in 93 patients, and as only adjuvant or palliative manner in 161 patients. We classified the side effects by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0(CTCAE). Results: We found 603 events of side effects of temozolomide. Nonhematolgic toxicities were most common (n=482). Especially, nausea(n=135), vomiting(n=110), and anorexia(n=40) were common among all kinds of toxicities. Hematologic adverse events(n=121), for example, thrombocytopenia(n=43), anemia(n=33), and neutropenia(n=20) were the second common toxicities. Some patients suffered from fatigue(n=31). None of our patient presented fatal Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonitis. In our series, 512 cases(84.9%) of toxicity were grade 1 or 2, and 91 cases(15.1%) were grade 3 or 4. Grade 3 or 4 toxicity were 140 cases(15.1%). Only 27 cases(2.9%) presented grade 4 toxicity. There was no mortality due to temozolomide. Only 4 patients (1.3%) presented leukopenia, which is different pattern compared with the incidence reported in prior studies from western countries. Conclusions: Temozolomide had many kinds of toxicities. However, most of the toxicity was tolerable. This profile could be used to prevent toxic reactions more effectively and improve the patient’s quality of life. Furthermore, we could use these lessons for education of patients during the treatment with temozolomide.

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Sheppard, Si. Philippi 42 BC: The death of the Roman Republic. Oxford, UK: Osprey Pub., 2008.

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Hardy, Janet R., Paul Glare, Patsy Yates, and Kathryn A. Mannix. Palliation of nausea and vomiting. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0202.

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Nausea and vomiting (NV) are unpleasant symptoms reported as highly distressing by sufferers and have a significant impact on activities of daily living. The prevalence of nausea is 6-68% in people with advanced cancer, 17-48% in heart disease, 30-43% in renal disease, and 43-49% in people with AIDS and is not always associated with vomiting. Several multifactorial clinical syndromes can contribute to NV in patients with advanced illness. Two strategies have been proposed for the management of nausea and vomiting: the mechanistic and the empirical approach. Most of the evidence supporting the use of antiemetic drugs in palliative care has been extrapolated from trials of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced NV. An ideal measurement tool for the assessment of NV and retching has yet to be developed. Inherent in the management of NV is to maximize treatment of those symptoms commonly associated with NV.

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Nicopoulos, Chrysostomos, Vijaykrishnan Narayanan, and Chita R. Das. "Design and Management of 3D Chip Multiprocessors Using Network-In-Memory (NetInMem) [43]." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 147–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3031-3_8.

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"are purified lipid contents and others are not, and the puri-(Paspalum scrobiculatum), and barnyard (Echinocloa fied lipid content depends on the purification method. colona). Sridhar and Lakshminarayana [32] also reported Starch lipids (SL) are those bound to starch, and they FL contents of 5.0, 5.6, and 2.2% for Proso, Foxtail, and are the most difficult to extract. Since true SL are present Finger millet, respectively. Taira [45] found slightly high-inside the starch granules, even a very polar solvent such er average FL (ether extraction) contents for glutinous as WSB cannot extract them at ambient temperature. Effi-foxtail millet (4.2-5.1%, average 4.7% of 21 samples) cient extraction of SL requires mixtures of hot aqueous al-than for nonglutinous foxtail millet (4.0-4.7%, average cohol in proportions optimized for controlled swelling of 4.4% of 31 samples). Among millet, pearl millet contains the starch granules and solubilization of the lipids [25]. the most FL. The best solvents are n-propanol or isopropanol with water Lipid contents of rice in Table 2 were cited by Morrison (3:1, by volume) used under nitrogen at 100°C. However, [3] using the data of Nechaev and Sandler [2]. Taira and some n-butanol—water and methanol-water mixtures also Chang [46] reported that the average nonglutinous brown are reasonably efficient extraction solvents at 100°C [25]. rice FL (ether extraction) contents of 20 varieties each of Recently, a third lipid category was introduced. Starch sur-Indica and Japonica types were 2.7% (2.38-2.91%) and face lipids (SSL) are portions of the nonstarch lipids 2.9% (2.54-3.58%), respectively. More recently, Taira et (NSL), which become firmly absorbed onto or into starch al. [47] reported the average FL contents of 15 nongluti-granules during the separation of pure starch [24]. nous varieties as 2.5% (2.24-2.97%) for Indica, 2.5% Lipids are minor components of the cereal grains shown (2.12-2.94%) for Japonica, 2.7% (2.35-3.03%) for Sinica, in Table 2. Data in this table, expressed on a dry basis, and 2.6% (2.11-2.99%) for Japonica types. were calculated from reported values [3,16,26-41]. Also, some BL or TL contents were calculated by subtracting FL from TL or by adding FL to BL, depending on the avail-B. Nonstarch Lipid Classes of Grains ability of data. The FL contents range from 1.5 to 2% of Lipids can be separated into three broad classes by open-the kernel weights of barley, rice, rye, triticale, and wheat column silicic acid chromatography. Nonpolar lipids (NL) grains. They range from 3 to 7% of the kernel weights of are first eluted by chloroform, glycolipids (GL) are eluted oats, millet, corn, and sorghum. However, BL contents in next by acetone, and phospholipids (PL) are eluted last grains are more uniform than FL contents. Therefore, the with methanol. Mixtures of GL and PL are polar lipids FL:BL ratio is substantially higher for corn, millet, oats, (PoL). After NL elution from a silicic acid column, PoL and sorghum than for rye, triticale, and wheat grains. The can be eluted with methanol without the GL elution step. FL:BL ratios for barley and rice are intermediate. Lipids can also be separated into various classes by thin-High oil-containing grains such as corn are continuous-layer chromatography (TLC) using different development ly bred for higher oil content with improved production solvent systems. Each individual lipid class migrates dif-yield. Application of wide-line NMR spectroscopy for ferently on the thin-layer plate, and the difference in mi-nondestructive analysis of the oil content in single corn gration rates makes it possible to separate complex lipids kernels made selection for higher oil content more efficient into classes. The NL consists of SE, TG, DG, MG, and [42]. Corn hybrids with 6-8.5% oil content and grain FFA (see Table 1). The total NL content is obtained by yields equal to those of good commercial hybrids were adding these NL class contents as measured by densitome-produced [43]. try. Thus, the NL content of samples may differ, to some Several kinds of millet exist, and the lipid data in the extent, depending on methodology used (column separa-literature are confusing. Rooney compared the FL (ether tion or TLC separation). extraction) contents of several types of millet in a review The data [1,13,27,29,32,36-38,40,48-58] shown in paper [16]. The average FL contents of pearl millet (Pen-Table 3 may be used for only approximate comparison of nisetum typhoids) were 5.1% (4.1-5.6%, 14 samples), the NL content from different grains because some were 5.4% (2.8-8.0%, 167 samples, [44]), 5.6% (4.3-7.1%, 40 obtained by column chromatography and some by TLC. samples), and 6.2% (4.2-7.4%, 35 samples) [16]. Other All cereal grain lipids are richer in NL than in other class-reported average FL contents were 4.8% (4.6-5.0%, 6 es: 60-70% of the TL are NL in wheat (hexaploid), triti-samples) for foxtail millet (Setaria Italica), 5.8% cale, and rye; 65-80% for barley and oat groats; 77-87% (5.5-6.3%, 6 samples) for Japanese millet (Echinochloa for sorghum and rice; and 75-96% for corn and millet crusgalli), and 4.2% (3.8-4.9%, 20 samples) for proso (Pennisetum americanum). Sridhar and Lakshminarayana millet (Panicum miliaceum) [16]. Sridhar and Lakshmi-[32] reported 82, 80, and 79% of NL for Foxtail, Proso, narayana [30] reported a FL content range of 3.4-5.7% for and Finger millet, respectively. There are significant vari-small millet, including little (Panicum sumatrense), kodo etal effects on the NL/PoL ratio for corn and millet (P." In Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Revised and Expanded, 434. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027228-43.

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Terletska, Yuliana. "PSYCHOMOTOR DEPRIVATION AND ITS MANIFESTATION AMONG EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH WORKERS." In Development of scientific, technological and innovation space in Ukraine and EU countries. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-151-0-16.

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The subject of the study is human psychomotor deprivation. The purpose of this study is to reveal the essence of psychomotor deprivation and the nature of its manifestation among educational research workers, including depending on their age and length of teaching experience. The methodology of the research consists of the use of psychoenergetical and energy-psychofunctional approaches, as well as the author’s «Methodology for determining psychomotor deprivation among adults» for conducting an empirical study. According to the specified approaches, psychomotor deprivation is proven to be to a lesser or greater degree a destructive process in the functioning of various spheres of the human psyche, resulting from the minimization, restriction or absence of psychomotor activity over a long period of time. It arises and evolves on the basis of underdevelopment, destruction or absence (lack of formation) of certain mental parameters of the cognitive, motivational, volitional, emotional and active-executive spheres of the psyche. The empirical study was conducted on a sample of 308 educational research workers of Ukrainian universities. In terms of age, the sample included educational research employees from 23 to 77 years old, whose length of teaching experience ranged from 1 to 49 years. The sample covered 7 sub-groups formed by the value of teaching experience length and age, each of which included 44 educational research employees. It was found that psychomotor deprivation among educational research employees at a high level of development is manifested in 59 (19.16%) people, at the level above the average in 75 (24.35%) people, at the average level in 90 (29.22%) people, below the average in 58 (18.83%) people, and at a low level in 26 (8.44%) people. In the subgroups of educational research employees, psychomotor deprivation, at a high level of development, is most evident in subgroup VII (more than 40 years of length of teaching experience, age over 65 years), above average in subgroup VI (34-40 years of length of teaching experience, age 58-65 years) and subgroup V (27-33 years of length of teaching experience, age 51-57 years), at the average level in subgroup IV (20-26 years of length of teaching experience, age 43-50 years), subgroup III (13-19 years of length of teaching experience, age 36-42 years), subgroup I (1-5 years of length of teaching experience, age 23-28 years) and subgroup II (6-12 years of length of teaching experience, age 29-35 years). It was found that the level of development of psychomotor deprivation among educational research workers grows with increasing age and length of teaching experience. This situation is a consequence of the fact that their professional activity does not require physical effort and motor activity in general, so over the years, on the one hand, as a result of significant load and even, overload, primarily at work, on the other as a result of sedentary way of life they pay less and less attention to physical education and physical labor, which leads to hypodynamia, loss and reduction of vitality, as well as the functionality of the cognitive, motivational, emotional, volitional and executive spheres of the psyche.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "303.482 43":

Wallin, R., and T. Saldeen. "DEVELOPMENT OF A SPECIFIC RADIODMMUNOASSAY FOR DETERMINATION OF PEPTIDES DERIVED FROM HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ELASTASE DEGRADATION OF HUMAN FIBRIN (OGEN)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643899.

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This paper describes a RIA for determination of the vasoactive peptide BB 30-43 and related peptides derived from leukocyte elastase degradaticn of human fibrin(ogen). The peptide was synthesized and could easily be labelled with 125I.Rabbits were iirmunized with BB 30-43 conjugated to bovine albumin. The antibody was found to bind about 5C% of the tracer in absence of BB 30-43 in a ˜1/800 diluticn. The RIA can detect peptide concentrations between 50 - 25000 pmol/L. The crossreaction with fibrinogen is very low (<0.001%) and with plas-min derived fibrin(ogen) peptides Bβ 1-42 and BB 15-42 also low (<0.2%). Plasma samples can be analyzed without any pretreatment. In an in vitro study fibrin and fibrincgen was degraded with plasmin or leukocyte elastase. Plasmin degradaticn of fibrin and fibrincgen did not release peptides which cross-reacted with our antibody, whereas leukocyte elastase degradation released peptides from both fibrin and fibrinogen which crossreact whith the antibody.The imnunolqgical activity was not changed after degrading peptide Bβ 30-43 with a) trypsin, b) plasmin, c) batraxobin, d) thrombin, e) elastase, at +37°,1 h, in a molar ratio of 1:100. Even degradaticn by elastase (1:3.5) +37°, 1 h, did not destroy the iirmunological activity.The imriunolcgical stability of peptide B< 30-43 in EDTA-plasma (+37°) seems to be very good. In citrated and heparinized plasma the activity of this peptide seems to vanish quite fast. In spite of these results we have detected high levels of iirmunolcgical activitiy in citrated or heparinized patient plasma. The molecular distribution of the peptides detected in plasma by our RIA corresponded to a fragnent containing about 25 amino acids. This fragnent seemes to be rather stable in plasma. When this fragnent was degraded with elastase in vitro a peptide with a molecular size resembling BB 30-43 was obtained. Over 300 patient samples have been studied. About 20 per cent were positive and the highest levels were found in patients with ARDS, septicaemia, severe renal failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia and pulmonary congestion.

Zhen, K., A. Saigal, and T. S. Chan. "Forging of Compressor Blades: Temperature and Ram Velocity Effects." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-428.

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Forging is one of the most widely used manufacturing process for making high strength, structurally integrative, impact and creep resistant Ti-6A1-4V compressor blades for jet engines. In addition, in modern metal forming technology, finite element analysis method and computer modeling are being extensively employed for initial evaluation and optimization of various processes, including forging. In this study, DEFORM, a rigid viscoplastic two-dimensional finite element code, was used to study the effects of initial die temperature and initial ram velocity on the forging process. For a given billet, die temperature and ram velocity influence the strain rate, temperature distribution, and thus the flow stress of the material. The die temperature and the ram velocity were varied over the range 300–700°F and 15–25 in/sec, respectively, to estimate the maximum forging load and the total energy required to forge compressor blades. The ram velocity was assumed to vary linearly as a function of stroke. Based on the analysis, it was found that increasing the die temperature from 300–700°F decreases the forging loads by 19.9% and increases the average temperature of the workpiece by 43°F. Similarly, increasing the initial ram velocity from 15–25 in/sec decreases the forging loads by 25.2% and increases the average temperature of the workpiece by 36°F. The nodal temperature distribution is bimodal in each ease. The forging energy required to forge the blades is approximately 18 kips*in/in.

Bonnier, J. J. R. M., J. B. R. M. de Swart, and J. J. M. L. Hoffmann. "CARDIAC ENZYME RELEASE AFTER FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY WITH INTRAVENOUS (i.v.) APSAC OR INTRACORONARY (i.e.) STREPTOKINASE IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642997.

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The release of CK, CK-MB and ASAT in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was studied on the relation to reperfusion. In a randomized trial 85 patients with proven AMI entered the study. The occlusion of the infarct related vessel and reperfusion were all assessed angiographically. Fibrinolytic therapy with anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (APSAC) i.v. or with streptokinase (SK) i.e. was started within 4 (mean 2.4) hours of the onset of symptoms. 42 were treated with a single i.v. injection over 3-5 min. of APSAC (30U) and 43 with an i.e. infusion over 60 min. of SK (250.000U). Reperfusion was assessed angiographically at 90 min. after the start of treatment. Blood samples were taken before and every 4 hours after dosing up to 24 hours. 74 patients were evaluable for this analysis. The results are:Conclusion: a statistically significant difference (p < .05)** between the reperfused and non reperfused patients could only be demonstrated for the peak value of CK in the APSAC group and of CK-MB in the SK group.*On behalf of the Dutch Invasive Reperfusion Study Group.

SANJAR, S., D. SMITH, J. MORLEY, L. MAZZONI, and C. TAPPARELLI. "PAF ANTAGONISM AND THE RESPONSE TO ALLERGEN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644865.

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Intravenous infusion of platelet activating factor (PAF) causes platelets to aggregate and accumulate within the lung. A similar effect is observed when allergen is injected into sensitised animals. Since PAF is released in allergic reactions, it might be considered to be a mediator of this phenomenon. Intrathoracic accumulation of 111-Indium labelled platelets was detected by use of collimated sodium iodide crystal detectors as a part of an automated isotope monitoring system (AIMS 8000, Mumed ltd.). Intravenous infusion of PAF (600 ng/kg/h) caused progressive increase of the intrathoracic platelet content (TPC) (59%). Infusion of small doses of allergen (BGG, 300 ug/kg/h) produced comparable increase of TPC, whether animals were sensitised actively (1 mg/kg BGG+FCA i.p. and boosted two weeks later) (30%) or passively (i.v. injection of 0.25 ml anti-BGG serum) (53%) or received intravenous injections of preformed immune complexes. At a dose of 2 mg/kg/h, ginkgolide B (−5%) or kadsuranone (−1%) fully inhibited increased TPC in response to PAF. However, at higher doses (6 mg/kg/h) ginkgolide B did not diminish TPC in animals that were actively (33%) or passively (60%) sensitised, nor did kadsuranone (6 mg/kg/h) diminish the response in passively sensitised animals (42%) compared to vehicle animals (43%). These observations can be extended to acute bronchospasm and airway hyperreactivity which are secondary to platelet activation in these animals. It can be concluded that PAF formation appears to be a minor determinant of the acute response to allergen in the guinea-pig.

Zambalde, Erika Pereira, Ana Carolina Rodrigues, Rubens Silveira Lima, Enilze Maria Souza Fonseca Ribeiro, and Jaqueline Carvalho Oliveira. "TLNC-UC.147, A NOVEL LONG RNA (lncRNA) FROM AN ULTRACONSERVED REGION AS POTENTIAL BIOMARKER IN LUMINAL A BREAST CANCER." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1052.

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Introduction: Long RNAs are non-coding RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides in length, with essential regulatory roles in several biological processes, including in breast cancer (BC). The human genome contains 481 ultraconserved regions, which are genomic stretches of over 200 base pairs conserved among humans, rats, and mice. Most of these regions are transcriptionally active (T-UCRs), and several are differentially expressed in tumors. Some T-UCRs have been functionally characterized, but few have been associated with BC. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to expand the knowledge of T-UCRs in BC and characterize the lnc-uc.147, a long RNA transcribed from an ultraconserved region. Methods: We evaluated the expression level of 481 T-UCRs and their association with clinical parameters from TCGA data. For confirmation, 102 Brazilian BC samples were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Cytosolic and nuclear cell fractions and RT-qPCRs were done to determine the cell compartment of the transcript. Northern blotting and RACE were performed to determine the sequence and precise size of lnc-uc.147. Using two luminal cell lines (CAMA and BT474), a siRNA-based approach was applied to investigate the effects of lnc-uc.147 knockdown in cell viability, colony formation, and apoptosis level. To understand the interactions of lnc-uc.147 and proteins, we performed a pull-down assay. Results: Using TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data, we found 302 T-UCRs related to clinical features in BC: 43% were associated with molecular subtypes, 36% with estrogen-receptor positivity, 17% with HER2 expression, 12% with stage, and 10% with overall survival. We found that uc.147 is highly expressed in luminal A and B patients, which was also confirmed in Brazilian samples. For luminal A, a subtype usually associated with better prognosis, high uc.147 expression was associated with a poor prognosis and suggested as an independent prognostic factor. The lncRNA from uc.147 (lnc-uc.147) is in the nucleus. Northern blotting results show that uc.147 is a 2,8 kb monoexonic transcript. The silencing of uc.147 increases apoptosis, arrests the cell cycle and reduces cell viability and colony formation in luminal BC cell lines. Additionally, we identified 19 proteins that interact with uc.147 through mass spectrometry. These proteins are mainly involved in cytoskeletal and centrosome organization as well as in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Conclusions: We show herein evidence that neoplastic BC cells exhibit a unique expression profile of T-UCRs. This study characterized the lnc-uc.147, a transcript that has never been described before. Indeed, lnc-uc.147 has an oncogenic effect in the luminal BC cell line and can interact with proteins. Furthermore, uc.147 has the potential as a BC prognostic marker in luminal patients.

ZHAO, RONG, and GUANG-LIN ZHAO. "INVESTIGATION OF THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL CARBON NANOTUBES-GLASS FIBER-EPOXY COMPOSITES: MICROWAVE ABSORPTION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36373.

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With the rapid arising of wireless technology and other microwave applications towards gigahertz frequency in modern communications, microwave absorbing materials (MAM) are playing an increasingly significant role in healthcare, electronic reliability, and defense security. In this work, we aim to explore multifunctional polymer nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) –epoxy with glass fiber reinforcement, which can be used for microwave absorption and also as structural materials. We fabricated and systematically investigated the mechanical and microwave absorption properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) - glass fiber (GF) - epoxy composites. Various MWCNT concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 wt%) in epoxy resin have been synthesized by shear-mixing method and the reinforcing GF contents (55, 67, and 74 wt%) were controlled by the number of GF plies in the composites. We used low mechanical stirring to avoid introducing air bubbles in MWCNTs - epoxy solution and implemented a press molding (press forces up to 700 N∙cm-2) during the curing process of the composites to reduce voids in the composites. We studied the mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and microwave absorption properties of the composites, in addition to the morphology and dispersion properties of MWCNTs and GFs in the composites. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images indicated a more uniform distribution of MWCNTs in epoxy resin than that in the previous work. The microwave absorption measurements of the composites show excellent electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance and high reflection loss (RL) at particular frequency range. The maximum RL of the composites can reach to -48 dB at 24.5 GHz for 3.1 wt% MWCNT loadings and 55 wt% GFs in the composites, with an effective bandwidth (i.e., the frequency range for RL below -10 dB) of about ~6 GHz. The EM wave absorption of the composites strongly depends on MWCNT and GF contents and can reach to ~70% at 26.5 GHz with 4.1 wt% MWCNTs in the composite; further, such dependence is peculiar, contradicting to the conventional wisdom, due to the high density interfaces in the materials, which lead to multiple scatterings and multiple absorptions of EM waves. In addition, the tensile strength of the composites was enhanced to ~427 MPa with ~74 wt% GFs, that is comparable to that of commercial Al alloy 6061 (~300 MPa, but not much EM wave absorption). Our results showed that the tensile strength of the MWCNT-GF-epoxy composites was dominated by the contribution of the GF content, while the EM properties are highly impacted by MWCNTs and the interfaces between MWCNT-epoxy matrices and GFs. The mass densities of the composites were about 1.55, 1.73, 1.88 g∙cm-3 for 55, 67, 74 wt% GF reinforced composites, respectively, which are about 30% ~ 43% lighter than the commercial aluminum alloy 6061 (mass density of 2.7 g∙cm-3). The results suggest that the MWCNT-GF-epoxy composites have the potential as multifunctional microwave absorption and low-weight structural materials without the need of additional coating.

Звіти організацій з теми "303.482 43":

Heard, Helen. Consumer Handwashing Tracker. Food Standards Agency, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.wiy863.

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Between April 2020 and January 2022, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) commissioned a quarterly survey on consumer handwashing. Key findings from this survey are: Across all waves of the handwashing tracker, participants were most likely to report washing their hands with soap and warm water. However, the proportion who reported handwashing with soap and warm water ‘always’ or ‘most of the time’ declined over time (79% April 2020, compared to 68% in January 2022). Most participants reported washing their hands for between 20 and 24 seconds across all waves. However, the proportion who reported this significantly declined over time (was 35% in April 2020, down to 27% in January 2022). Over time, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of participants who reported ‘always’ washing their hands in the following scenarios inside the home: before cooking/preparing food (72% in April 2020, 62% in January 2022) before eating (48% in April 2020, 42% in January 2022) after handling rubbish (73% in April 2020, 65% in January 2022) when arriving home, after a trip outside of the home (55% in April 2020, 47% in January 2022) Reported handwashing after contact with animals (including pets) remained broadly stable over time. On average, across all waves, 36% of participants with a pet reported washing their hands ‘always’ after contact with animals, (whilst 26% reported doing this ‘most of the time’, 30% reported doing this ‘sometimes’ and 7% reported ‘never’ washing their hands after contact with animals). Over time, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of participants who reported ‘always’ washing their hands in the following scenarios outside of the home: when eating a picnic (35% in July 2020, 29% in January 2022) when consuming a takeaway outside of the home (35% in July 2020, 30% in January 2022) Since a peak in October 2020 (43%), the proportion of participants who reported ‘always’ washing their hands after blowing their nose, sneezing or coughing into their hands gradually declined and was significantly lower in January 2022 (35%). The proportion of participants who reported ‘always’ washing their hands after using the toilet also declined over time. In April 2020 87% of participants reported ‘always’ washing their hands after using the toilet, decreasing significantly to 80% in January 2022. Across all waves, most participants reported carrying and using hand sanitising gel as a hand washing alternative in a range of scenarios, but the proportion who reported doing this declined over time. For example: 55% of participants reported using hand sanitising gel after using public transport in October 2020, declining significantly to 44% in January 2022 54% of participants reported using hand sanitising gel when attending a social event in October 2020, declining significantly to 45% January 2022.