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Статті в журналах з теми "3107 Microbiology"
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Contreras, Jorge L., Arti K. Rai, and Andrew W. Torrance. "Intellectual property issues and synthetic biology standards." Nature Biotechnology 33, no. 1 (January 2015): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3107.
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Yoseph, Beyene, Botha Anna-Maria, Alex Alex, and A. Myburg er. "A comparative study of molecular and morphological methods of describing genetic relationships in traditional Ethiopian highland maize." African Journal of Biotechnology 4, no. 7 (July 31, 2005): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2005.000-3107.
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Serraino, D., R. M. Corona, M. Giuliani, F. Farchi, L. Sarmati, I. Uccella, M. Andreoni, and G. Rezza. "Infection with Human Herpesvirus Type 8 and Kaposi's Sarcoma in a Central Italian Area Formerly Endemic for Malaria." Infection 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15010-002-3107-9.
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Georgalis, L., A. Mozalevskis, M. V. Martínez de Aragón, and M. Garrido-Estepa. "Erratum to: Changes in the pneumococcal disease-related hospitalisations in Spain after the replacement of 7-valent by 13-valent conjugate vaccine." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 36, no. 11 (October 5, 2017): 2289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-017-3107-4.
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Jin, Tao, Tong Zhang, Lin Ye, On On Lee, Yue Him Wong, and Pei Yuan Qian. "Diversity and quantity of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria in sediment of the Pearl River Estuary, China." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 90, no. 3 (February 1, 2011): 1137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3107-8.
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Chavarría-Hernández, Norberto, Eduardo Ortega-Morales, Apolonio Vargas-Torres, Juan-Carlos Chavarría-Hernández, and Adriana-Inés Rodríguez-Hernández. "Submerged monoxenic culture of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae CABA01, in a mechanically agitated bioreactor: Evolution of the hydrodynamic and mass transfer conditions." Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 15, no. 4 (August 2010): 580–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12257-009-3107-z.
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Petersen, Anne, Jytte Josephsen, and Mads G. Johnsen. "TPW22, a Lactococcal Temperate Phage with a Site-Specific Integrase Closely Related to Streptococcus thermophilus Phage Integrases." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 22 (November 15, 1999): 7034–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.22.7034-7042.1999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The temperate phage TPW22, induced from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris W22, and the evolutionarily interesting integrase of this phage were characterized. Phage TPW22 was propagated lytically on L. lactis subsp.cremoris 3107, which could also be lysogenized by site-specific integration. The attachment site (attP), 5′-TAAGGCGACGGTCG-3′, of phage TPW22 was present on a 7.5-kbEcoRI fragment, a 3.4-kbEcoRI-HindIII fragment of which was sequenced. Sequence information revealed the presence of an integrase gene (int). The deduced amino acid sequence showed 42 and 28% identity with integrases of streptococcal and lactococcal phages, respectively. The identities with these integrase-encoding genes were 52 and 45%, respectively, at the nucleotide level. This could indicate horizontal gene transfer. A stable integration vector containingattP and int was constructed, and integration in L. lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 was obtained. The existence of an exchangeable lactococcal phage integration module was suggested. The proposed module covers the phage attachment site, the integrase gene, and surrounding factor-independent terminator structures. The phages φLC3, TP901-1, and TPW22 all have different versions of this module. Phylogenetically, the TPW22 Int links the φLC3 lactococcal integrase with known Streptococcus thermophilus integrases.
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Torres, Antoni, Rosario Menéndez, Pedro Pablo España, Jose Alberto Fernández-Villar, José María Marimón, Catia Cilloniz, Raúl Méndez, et al. "The Evolution and Distribution of Pneumococcal Serotypes in Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Spain Using a Serotype-Specific Urinary Antigen Detection Test: The CAPA Study, 2011–2018." Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, no. 6 (April 14, 2021): 1075–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab307.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background Spain introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in the childhood National Immunization Program in 2015–2016 with coverage of 3 doses of 94.8% in 2018. We assessed the evolution of all pneumococcal, PCV13 vaccine type (VT), and experimental PCV20-VT (PCV13 + serotypes 8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 22F, 33F) hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults in Spain from 2011–2018. Methods A prospective observational study of immunocompetent adults (≥18 years) admitted to 4 Spanish hospitals with chest X-ray–confirmed CAP between November 2011 and November 2018. Microbiological confirmation was obtained using the Pfizer serotype-specific urinary antigen detection tests (UAD1/UAD2), BinaxNow test for urine, and conventional cultures of blood, pleural fluid, and high-quality sputum. Results Of 3107 adults hospitalized with CAP, 1943 were ≥65 years. Underlying conditions were present in 87% (n = 2704) of the participants. Among all patients, 895 (28.8%) had pneumococcal CAP and 439 (14.1%) had PCV13-VT CAP, decreasing from 17.9% (n = 77) to 13.2% (n = 68) from 2011–2012 to 2017–2018 (P = .049). PCV20-VT CAP occurred in 243 (23.8%) of those included in 2016–2018. The most identified serotypes were 3 and 8. Serotype 3 accounted for 6.9% (n = 215) of CAP cases, remaining stable during the study period, and was associated with disease severity. Conclusions PCV13-VT caused a substantial proportion of CAP in Spanish immunocompetent adults 8 years after introduction of childhood PCV13 immunization. Improving direct PCV13 coverage of targeted adult populations could further reduce PCV13-VT burden, a benefit that could be increased further if PCV20 is licensed and implemented.
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Okano, Keiju, Victor S. Mikhailov, and Susumu Maeda. "Colocalization of Baculovirus IE-1 and Two DNA-Binding Proteins, DBP and LEF-3, to Viral Replication Factories." Journal of Virology 73, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.1.110-119.1999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT We have recently identified a DNA-binding protein (DBP) from the baculovirus Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) which can destabilize double-stranded DNA (V. S. Mikhailov, A. L. Mikhailova, M. Iwanaga, S. Gomi, and S. Maeda, J. Virol. 72:3107–3116, 1998). DBP was found to be an early gene product that was not present in budded or occlusion-derived virions. In order to characterize the localization of DBP during viral replication, BmNPV-infected BmN cells were examined by immunostaining and confocal microscopy with DBP antibodies. DBP first appeared as diffuse nuclear staining at 4 to 6 h postinfection (p.i.) and then localized to several specific foci within the nucleus at 6 to 8 h p.i. After the onset of viral DNA replication at around 8 h p.i., these foci began to enlarge and eventually occupied more than half of the nucleus by 14 h p.i. After the termination of viral DNA replication at about 20 h p.i., the DBP-stained regions appeared to break down into approximately 100 small foci within the nucleus. At 8 h p.i., the distribution of DBP as well as that of IE-1 or LEF-3 (two proteins involved in baculovirus DNA replication) overlapped well with that of DNA replication sites labeled with bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Double-staining experiments with IE-1 and DBP or IE-1 and LEF-3 further confirmed that, between 8 and 14 h p.i., the distribution of IE-1 and LEF-3 overlapped with that of DBP. However, IE-1 localized to the specific foci prior to DBP or LEF-3 at 4 h p.i. In the presence of aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, immature foci containing IE-1, LEF-3, and DBP were observed by 8 h p.i. However, the subsequent enlargement of these foci was completely suppressed, suggesting that the enlargement depended upon viral DNA replication. At 4 h p.i., the number of IE-1 foci correlated with the multiplicity of infection (MOI) between 0.4 and 10. At higher MOIs (e.g., 50), the number of foci plateaued at around 15. These results suggested that there are about 15 preexisting sites per nucleus which are associated with the initiation of viral DNA replication and assembly of viral DNA replication factories.
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Rijkers, G. T. "Dylan under the microscope: microbiology in Subterranean Homesick Blues." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 36, no. 11 (September 14, 2017): 1997–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-017-3104-7.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "3107 Microbiology"
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Lennemann, Nicholas Joseph. "Biochemical characterization of Ebola virus GP." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Filoviruses cause sporadic outbreaks of highly lethal hemorrhagic fever throughout central Africa. Virus entry is mediated by the sole viral glycoprotein, GP. Furthermore, GP is the main target for neutralizing antibodies. Thus, a better understanding of GP and its functions is critical for the development of antivirals and vaccines.
GP contains a high number of N- and O-linked glycans, which shield the majority of the protein. These glycans are required for cell surface interactions with C-type lectins that mediate internalization of the virus. We found that GP1, but not GP2, N-linked glycans were required for efficient entry into cells expressing the C-type lectins: L-SIGN, DC-SIGN, and LSECtin expressing cells, but O-linked glycans were sufficient for ASGPRI- and hMGL-dependent entry. However, filoviruses also utilize phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors, which bind PS in the viral membrane, to mediate entry into host cells. We found that all N-linked glycosylation sites in GP1 could be mutated without significant impact on expression. Furthermore, removal of all N-linked glycans increased entry into a PS receptor-dependent cell line and primary murine macrophages. These results correlated with an increase in sensitivity to proteolysis, which is required within the late endosome/lysosome to expose the receptor-binding domain. Surprisingly, removal of N-linked glycans that directly shield the receptor-binding domain did not allow for binding to the intracellular receptor, NPC1. Thus, proteolytic removal of heavily glycosylated domains within the late endosome/lysosome exposes critical receptor-binding residues that are masked by polypeptides and not N-linked glycans. Furthermore, removal of the conserved N-linked glycan on the heptad repeat 1 region in GP2 led to an increase in entry. Conversely, removal of the conserved N-linked glycan on the heptad repeat 2 region decreased entry. Removal of either glycan resulted in a decrease in entry mediated by protease-treated GP. Together, these results suggest N-linked glycans on GP2 are involved in controlling fusion. Interestingly, removal of N-linked glycans masking conserved regions of GP led to a significant increase in convalescent antibody-mediated neutralization. Overall, these results indicate that there is an evolutionary trade-off that results in a decrease in entry efficiency in order to protect virus from the immune system.
Analysis of entry mediated by multiple species of ebolavirus indicated that the residue occupying position 95 is a critical determinant of entry. For Ebola virus (EBOV) GP, Sudan virus (SUDV) GP, and Bundibugyo (BDBV) GP, a lysine at position 95 imparts dependence on the cysteine protease cathepsin B. However, a glutamine at this position alleviates this dependence and is found in some early isolates of SUDV. Furthermore, cathepsin B dependence inversely correlated with an increase in sensitivity to protease-mediated degradation of GP. Mutation of K95 to a glutamine in EBOV GP and BDBV GP led to decreased sensitivity to NPC1 and voltage-operated calcium channel inhibitors. Conversely, mutation of the Q95 to a lysine in SUDV GP decreased sensitivity to NPC1 inhibitors and had no impact on voltage-operated calcium channel inhibitors. However, all proteins regardless of the residue at position 95 required NPC1 for entry. Together these results indicate that a single amino acid polymorphism in GP of ebolaviruses has dramatic impacts on entry factor dependence, suggesting potential differences in entry pathways.
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Chan, Yi-Wah. "Characterisation of bacteriophages that infect Acaryochloris." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3127/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina was isolated in 1996 and solved a 50 year old mystery as to the origin of the pigment chlorophyll d, which was thought to be a pigment of red algae or a breakdown product of the universal chlorophyll, chlorophyll a. Over the next decade, new Acaryochloris spp. were isolated from all over the world as the genus received international interest from the scientific community, with the majority of research directed towards understanding the mechanisms of photosynthesis of this uniquely pigmented cyanobacterium, using A. marina as the model organism of the genus. During this project, characterisation of different aspects of photosynthesis in Acaryochloris spp. was performed including an investigation of pigment adaptation and composition and the growth and characterisation of A. marina biofilms. However, the main focus of the thesis concerns the isolation and characterisation of cyanophages A-HIS1 and AHIS2, which infect A. marina as a basis to investigate and understand the impact of phage on host physiology in this new model system. A-HIS1 and A-HIS2 were characterised by their morphology, growth behaviour and genomes. Experiments were designed and implemented to investigate interactions between the phages and host. Interestingly, an analysis of novel genes in these phages revealed a surprising evolutionary history of phages A-HIS1 and A-HIS2 providing new insights into the origin of DNA polymerase, which is found only in the mitochondria of eukaryotes.
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Torres, Danielle Pires de Camargo. "Estudo microbiológico da influência da adição química de ácido fólico em sistemas de lodos ativados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-05092006-112000/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O ácido fólico é uma vitamina essencial a reações do metabolismo e crescimento das células, ao promover a síntese de proteínas para a divisão celular. Segundo pesquisas, a aplicação deste no reator de lodos ativados pode contribuir na otimização do tratamento biológico. A parte experimental deste trabalho foi desenvolvida em duas etapas: bioensaios de respirometria sob condições aeróbias, a fim de avaliar os efeitos da adição de ácido fólico na atividade metabólica da microbiota de lodos ativados; e operação de estação piloto de lodos ativados em batelada, para avaliar a influência do ácido fólico na dinâmica da microfauna e no desempenho geral do tratamento. Nos bioensaios de respirometria destacou-se o consumo de oxigênio diante da adição da maior concentração testada - 4,0 mg/L de ácido fólico, com o consumo de até 78% de oxigênio, enquanto que nos frascos controles o consumo médio foi de 50%. O composto Dosfolat, empregado na concentração 2,5 mg/L, também estimulou a respiração basal da microbiota de lodos estudados, como observado pelo consumo de 100% do oxigênio presente após 24 horas de incubação dos sistemas de respirometria. Nos sistemas de lodos ativados em batelada, o ácido fólico e o composto Dosfolat não exerceram influência na eficiência do tratamento e na produção de lodo excedente. Em relação aos aspectos da microbiologia dos sistemas, a adição de ambas as soluções não ocasionou diferenças na composição e diversidade da microfauna, e não influenciou a dinâmica de crescimento das bactérias filamentosas. Porém, nos reatores que receberam adição de ácido fólico e Dosfolat os flocos apresentaram tamanhos superiores, e melhores características morfológicas em relação aos do lodo do reator controle. Portanto, as taxas de respiração observadas com a adição de ácido fólico e de Dosfolat em sistemas de lodos ativados indicam uma tendência de estímulo da atividade metabólica como resposta ao incremento de ácido fólico. Além deste fator, sugere-se que a utilização de ambas as soluções favorece o crescimento das bactérias dos flocos e a formação destes, em detrimento às bactérias livres.The folic acid is a essential vitamin to metabolism and growth of the cells by promoting the synthesis of proteins for the cellular division. According to some researches, this application in the activated sludge systems can contribute to in the optimization of the biological treatment. The experimental part of this work was developed in two stages: aerobic respirometry biotests, in order to evaluate the effects of the addition of folic acid in the metabolic activity of the microbiotica of activated sludge; and operation of a pilot plant of activated sludge, to evaluate the influence of the folic acid in microorganismss dynamics and the performance of the treatment. In the respirometric bioassays was eminence the consumption of oxygen with addition of the highest concentration tested was added - 4.0 mg/L of folic acid, where the consumption of up to 78% of oxygen was observed, whereas in the control the flocs the consumption was 50%. The composed Dosfolat, employee in the concentration 2,5 mg/L, also contribute the microbiotas activity of the of sludge, as observed by the consumption of 100% of the present oxygen after 24 hours of incubation of the respirometric systems. In the activated sludge systems, the folic acid and Dosfolat didn't exercise influence in the efficiency of the treatment and in the production of sludge. In relation to the aspects of the microbiology, the addition of both solutions didnt cause differences on the composition and microorganismss diversity, and it didn't influence the dynamics of growth of the filamentous bacterias. Even so, the reactors that received addition of folic acid and Dosfolat the flocs presented superior sizes, and improve morphologic characteristics in relation to sludge of the control reactor. Therefore, the breathing rates observed with addition of folic acid and of Dosfolat in activated sludge systems indicate a tendency of incentive of the metabolic activity as answer to the increment of folic acid. Besides this factor, suggests that the use of both solutions favors bacteria growth of the flocs and this formation of these, in detriment to the free bacterias.
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McQuillan, Jonathan. "Bacterial-nanoparticle interactions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bionanotechnology is an intersection between biology and nanotechnology, a field in which novel applications for very small materials are being realised at an alarming rate. Nanoparticles have 3 dimensions that can be measured in nanometers, their small size conferring upon them different properties from individual atoms or the bulk material. The interactions between these unique materials and microorganisms are often toxic, thus have been exploited for antimicrobial applications. However, there is a considerable paucity of data for the underlying molecular mechanisms. This study has been carried out to investigate the interactions that occur between nanoparticles and bacteria with the objective of identifying these toxicological mechanisms and novel nanoparticle effects, using the model Gram negative organism Escherichia coli K12. This study has identified metal nanoparticles that are a superior vehicle for the delivery of toxic metal ions to E. coli. The nanoparticles associate with the bacterial surface, but do not cross the cell wall. They then dissolve, releasing a concentration of metal ions that accumulate at the bacterial-nanoparticle interface, enhancing the antibacterial efficacy compared to the concentration of metal ions in the bulk solution phase. Measurement of the whole transcriptome response to silver nanoparticles in comparison to the silver ion indicates that the different modes of ion delivery may induce a differential stress response. Moreover, this data identifies molecular mechanisms that are involved in the toxicity of this metal that is now becoming increasingly prevalent in society. The dissolution based toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles are augmented by an interaction with ultra-violet light, offering an alternative mode for nanoparticle toxicity.
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Rodrigues, Dina Maria Ferreira. "Queijos simbióticos: caracterização microbiológica e bioquímica." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mestrado em Métodos BiomolecularesAo longo da última década o queijo tem demonstrado ser um bom suporte de microrganismos probióticos viáveis. No entanto, os estudos sobre queijos probióticos e simbióticos são ainda escassos existindo o interesse em estudar novos potenciais produtos alimentares nomeadamente na área de alimentos simbióticos. Os prebióticos inulina e frutooligossacarídeo (FOS) foram estudados de forma a analisar o seu potencial efeito sobre o crescimento/sobrevivência de bactérias probióticas (Lactobacillus casei-01 e Bifidobacterium lactis B94) em queijo, avaliando-se simultaneamente o seu potencial tecnológico através da caracterização da glicólise, proteólise e da lipólise em queijos probióticos, queijos simbióticos com adição de FOS e queijos simbióticos com adição de FOS/Inulina (50:50), ao longo de 60 dias de maturação. Adicionalmente procedeu-se ao estudo do perfil metabólico nos vários tipos de queijo ao longo da maturação. Os compostos prebióticos não afectaram significativamente o crescimento/viabilidade das estirpes em estudo tendo-se observado um crescimento exponencial de ambas as estirpes bacterianas até aos 15 dias de incubação atingido valores na ordem dos 1010 de unidades formadoras de colónias (ufc) por grama de queijo. Os índices de proteólise por sua vez revelaram uma elevada degradação da caseína em queijos probióticos e simbióticos inoculados com B. lactis B94 ou com L. casei-01, tendo-se observado um aumento da concentração de aminoácidos em especial após 30 dias de maturação. A lipólise por sua vez, caracterizou-se pelo aumento gradual de ácidos gordos livres ao longo do tempo de maturação, tendo-se observado um maior incremento nos queijos simbióticos e em especial nos inoculados com B.lactis B94. Adicionalmente, observaram-se diferenças em termos qualitativos no perfil de ácidos gordos livres, tendo-se detectado a presença de isómeros de ácido linoleico conjugado e ácidos (alpha)-linolénico e y-linolénico após 15 dias de maturação, em especial nos queijos simbióticos. O estudo dos perfis metabólicos por espectroscopia de RMN, permitiu observar diferenças entre os vários tipos de queijo inoculados com as duas estirpes probióticas que se demonstraram mais pronunciadas consoante o tempo de maturação. Através da análise de componentes principais foi possível discriminar para todos os tipos de queijo, independentemente da estirpe inoculada, amostras com diferentes tempos de maturação. Tendo em conta os objectivos deste trabalho poder-se-á concluir, de acordo com resultados obtidos, que foi demonstrado o potencial benéfico dos vários tipos de queijo estudados. ABSTRACT: Over the last decade it has been shown that cheese is a suitable vehicle to support viable probiotic microorganisms. However, studies on probiotic cheeses are still scarce and there is interest in studying new potential food products in particular the synbiotic foods. The prebiotic inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) were studied in order to evaluate its potential effect on growth/survival of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus casei-01 and Bifidobacterium lactis B94) in cheese and simultaneously evaluate their technological potential through the characterization of glycolysis, lipolysis and proteolysis in probiotic cheeses, synbiotic cheese with the addition of FOS as well as synbiotic cheese with the addition of FOS / Inulin (50:50), over 60 days of maturation. Additionally it was performed the study of metabolic profile of the various types of cheese, throughout the period of maturation. Prebiotic compounds did not affect significantly the growth/viability of the strains under study but there has been an exponential growth of both bacterial strains up to 15 days of incubation, with an increase of about two log units, reaching values around 1010 colony forming units (cfu) per gram of cheese. Rates of proteolysis, in turn, revealed a considerable degradation of the casein on probiotic and synbiotic cheeses, inoculated with B. lactis B94 or with L. casei-01 with an increase of free aminoacids, especially after 30 days of ripening. Lipolysis, on the other hand, was characterized by a gradual increase of free fatty acids throughout the maturation period, being the increment larger in synbiotic cheeses mainly in those inoculated with B. lactis B94. Additionally it was observed differences in the qualitative profile of free fatty acids and it was detected the presence of isomers of conjugated linoleic acids, (alpha)-linolenic acid as well as y-linolenic after 15 days of ripening, especially in synbiotic cheeses. The study of metabolic profiles by NMR spectroscopy, allowed to observe differences between the various types of cheeses inoculated with the two probiotic strains that have shown to be more pronounced through the maturation time. By the principal component analysis it was possible to discriminate for all kinds of cheese, regardless of the strain inoculated, samples with different maturation times. Considering the objectives of this study it could be concluded, according to results obtained, that it was fully demonstrated the potential benefit of various types of cheese studied.
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Nelson, Lisha. "The production of volatile phenols by wine microorganisms." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MScAgric (Viticulture and Oenology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.The production of good quality wine is essential to ensure competitiveness on an international level. Wine quality is usually evaluated for the visual, olfactory and taste characteristics of that specific wine. The winemaking process starts with the grapes in the vineyard followed by oenological practises in the winery until the final wine is bottled. Factors that could influence wine quality include the grape quality from which the wine is made and different techniques used during wine production. Other factors include the presence as well as the interaction between microorganisms found in the grape juice and wine, and the biochemical effect these microorganisms have on certain chemical compounds in the wine. The different microorganisms found in grape juice and wine can either have a negative or positive contribution to the final quality of the wine. During certain stages of the winemaking process the growth and metabolic activity of certain microorganisms is a necessity to produce good wine. During other stages the presence of certain microorganisms can lead to the development of compounds that is regarded as off-flavours and therefore lead to unpalatable wines of low quality. Yeast strains that naturally present on the grapes and in the winery can also contribute to the final quality of the wine. Brettanomyces yeasts are part of the natural flora of winemaking and can drastically influence the aroma characters of a wine through the production of volatile phenols. The general aroma descriptions of volatile phenols include "smoky", "spicy", "barnyard", "animal" and "medicinal". Although some wine drinkers believe that these characters can add to the complexity of a wine, high levels of volatile phenols is mostly regarded as off-flavours and mask the natural fruity flavours of a wine. With this study we wanted to generate a better understanding of the effect of different winemaking practises on the production of volatile phenols by B. bruxellensis. We evaluated the difference in volatile phenol production when B. bruxellensis was introduced before or after alcoholic fermentation. We have shown that B. bruxellensis could grow and produce volatile phenols during alcoholic fermentation. Results obtained also showed that commercial wine yeast strains could produce the vinyl derivatives that serve as precursors for Brettanomyces yeast to produce the ethyl derivatives. The commercial yeast strains differed in their ability to produce vinyl derivatives. Different malolactic fermentation scenarios were evaluated, namely spontaneous versus inoculated, and with or without yeast lees. Results showed that spontaneous malolactic fermentation had higher volatile phenol levels in the wine than inoculated malolactic fermentation. The treatment with lees reduced the level of volatile phenols, probably due to absorption by yeast cells. The presence of the phenyl acrylic decarboxylase (PAD1) gene and the production of volatile phenols by S. cerevisiae commercial yeast strains were evaluated in Shiraz grape juice and in synthetic grape juice. The results indicated that the yeast strains differ in their ability to produce 4-vinylphenol and 4-vinylguaiacol. All the yeast strains tested had the PAD1 gene. We also evaluated the presence of the phenolic acid decarboxylase (padA) gene and the ability of different lactic acid bacteria strains to produce volatile phenols in synthetic wine media. Although some of these strains tested positive for the phenolic acid decarboxylase gene most of them only produced very low levels of volatile phenols. This study made a valuable contribution on the knowledge about the effect of Brettanomyces yeast on the volatile phenol content of red wines during different stages of the winemaking process and when applying different winemaking practices. It also showed the effect between Brettanomyces yeast and other wine microorganisms and the possible influence it could have on the final quality of wine. Research such as this can therefore aid the winemaker in making certain decisions when trying to manage Brettanomyces yeast spoilage of wines.
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Lemes, Lucianna Gonçalves Nepomuceno. "Estudo prospectivo de infecção por calicivírus (norovírus e sapovírus) em pacientes submetidos a transplante alogênico de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3177.
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The calicivirus (norovirus and sapovirus) are important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis. Recent studies show that in immunocompromised patients such as those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), norovirus infection can lead to worsening of symptoms and be confused with clinical symptoms of graft versus host disease (GVHD). However, calicivirus screening is not performed, routinely, as part of the patients’ follow-up laboratory exams. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV) in patients who underwent HSCT, and to conduct the molecular characterization of the samples positive for these viruses. Fecal samples were collected weekly, and serum samples were obtained every two weeks of ten patients who underwent HSCT, for a minimum period of five months and a maximum of one year. The secretor status was determined by an enzyme immunoassay and the detection of calicivirus was performed by RT-PCR using primers specific for a partial region of the gene encoding the NoV genogroup I and II (GI and GII) and SaV capsid protein. The genomic sequencing was performed for positive samples. The results showed that from ten patients participating in the study, eight had diarrhea. Among these, six (60%) had positive samples for NoV, and all of them had a secretor phenotype. The duration of NoV excretion in feces ranged from five to 143 days. Viral RNA was also detected in serum specimens, ranging from 29 to 36 days in the five patients infected with NoV. Three of the six patients had acute intestinal GVHD. Through genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis all NoV-positive samples were characterized as genotype GI.3, and because they had a high nucleotide identity, they were all characterized as a single haplotype. The data highlight the urgent need of the inclusion of calicivirus screening in the routine testing performed before transplantation and during follow-up of these patients. This is the first report of the occurrence of NoV in patients undergoing HSCT in Brazil.
Os calicivírus (norovírus e sapovírus) são importantes agentes etiológicos da gastroenterite aguda. Estudos recentes mostram que em pacientes imunocomprometidos, como os submetidos a transplante alogênico de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas (TACPH), a infecção por norovírus pode levar ao agravamento dos sintomas e ser confundida com quadro clínico da doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro (DECH). Entretanto, a triagem para calicivírus não é realizada, rotineiramente, como parte dos exames laboratoriais de acompanhamento destes pacientes. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de norovírus (NoV) e sapovírus (SaV) em pacientes que foram submetidos ao TACPH e proceder à caracterização molecular das amostras positivas para estes vírus. Foram obtidas amostras de fezes, coletadas semanalmente, e de soro, a cada quinze dias, de dez pacientes que realizaram o TACPH, por um período mínimo de cinco meses e máximo de um ano. O fenótipo secretor dos pacientes foi determinado utilizando um teste imunoenzimático e a pesquisa de calicivírus foi realizada pela RT-PCR, utilizando-se iniciadores específicos para uma região parcial do gene codificante para a proteína dos capsídeos dos NoV do genogrupo I e II (GI e GII) e dos SaV. Os amplicons das amostras positivas foram submetidos ao sequenciamento genômico e análise filogenética. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que de dez pacientes participantes do estudo, oito apresentaram diarreia e vômito. Dentre esses, seis (60%) apresentaram amostras positivas para NoV, sendo que todos foram identificados como secretores. O período de excreção de NoV nas fezes variou de cinco a 143 dias. Foi também detectado RNA viral nas amostras de soro, variando de 29 a 36 dias, em cinco pacientes infectados por NoV. Três, dos seis pacientes, apresentaram DECH aguda intestinal. Através do sequenciamento genômico e análise filogenética, todas as amostras positivas para NoV, de todos os pacientes, foram caracterizadas como genótipo GI.3 dos NoV, e como foi comprovada elevada identidade nucleotídica entre elas, foram caracterizadas como um único haplótipo. Os dados obtidos ressaltam a urgente necessidade da inclusão da pesquisa de calicivírus na rotina de exames realizados antes do transplante, bem como durante o acompanhamento destes pacientes. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de NoV em pacientes submetidos ao TACPH no Brasil.
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Donat, Luis María Victoria. "Caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de aislados españoles de Erwinia amylovora." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/1859.
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El fuego bacteriano de las rosáceos es una enfermedad de fácil diseminación dificil control que afecta a los frutales de pepita, principalmente peral y manzano, y a plantas ornamentales. El agente etiológico de esta enfermedad es Erwinia amylovora, una enterobacteria considerada como organismo de cuarenta en la Unión Europea.Esta bacteria ha sido identificada en la mayoría de los paises del centro y norte de Europa, y en los últimos veinte años también se ha extendido por los países del Mediterráneo. en España, se han detectado diversos focos desde 1995, en distintos hospedadores procedentes de varias Comunidades Autonómas, habiéndose aplicado programas intensivos de erradicación en casi todas ellas.
En esta investigación se ha llevado a cabo una caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de una amplia colección de aislados españoles de E. Amylovora de diversos orígenes geográficos, hospedadores y años de aislamiento.
La evaluación de los datos obtenidos, tras la realización de análisis fisiológicos, bioquímicos y moleculares de las cepas españolas, ha mostrado su escasa diversidad fenotípica y genotípica. No obstante, los resultados de la cracterización molecular mediante electroforesis en campo pulsante y otras técnicas, apoyan dos hipotesis sobre el origen y la diseminación del fuego bacteriano en nuestro país; en primer lugar, la introducción de material vegetal infectado procedente de otros países de Europa como posible responsable de varios de los focos de infección de esta enfermedad en España, y en segundo lugar, la existencia de, al menos, tres fuentes de inóculo distintas. Por otro lado, la primera descripción de una cepa de E. amylovora que carece del plásmido PEA29 de forma natural, representa una novedad con implicaciones importantes para el diagnóstico molecular de la enfermedad, asi como para la hipótesis acerca del papel de este plásmido en la virulencia del patógeno del fuego bacteriano.Donat Luis, MV. (2004). Caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de aislados españoles de Erwinia amylovora [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1859
Palancia
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Ganci, Michael. "Has Psychology Ignored Our Gut Feelings? Exploring the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Psychological Symptoms: A Call for a Paradigm Shift." Thesis, 2021. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/43572/.
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The profession of psychology has long been entrenched in a traditional central nervous system (CNS) centric framework. This specialisation has had its benefits and contributed to current knowledge of psychological symptoms and disorders. However, this reductionist approach has led to gaps in knowledge that will continue to persist without a broader appreciation of the complexity of the human body. Broader consideration of bodily systems may provide greater insight into the aetiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of psychological symptoms and disorders.
The enteric nervous system (ENS) and its resident gut microbiota (GM) has emerged as a peripheral influence on psychological functioning. The GM refers to the trillions of microorganisms residing in the gut including, but not limited to, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. The GM has coevolved with its human hosts to share a highly complex multidirectional relationship. In a state of symbiosis, GM play a key role in protecting against pathogen colonisation, strengthening and maintaining the epithelial barrier, and nutrient absorption through metabolism, therefore promoting host health. On the other hand, in a state of dysbiosis (imbalances in the composition of GM), this mutually beneficial relationship between host and GM shifts towards a more antagonistic one. Dysbiosis of GM, as well as specific gut microbes themselves, have been associated with a wide range of psychological symptoms and disorders. To date, of the organisms that reside within the GM, bacteria have received the majority of attention in brain-gut-microbiota axis (BGMA) research.
This thesis broadly aims to position the BGMA as falling within the purview of psychologists, while also exploring the concept of the microgenderome in a series of three papers. Paper 1 is a review paper which aimed to demonstrate that GM are intrinsically linked with each stage of psychological disorder, from aetiology through to treatment and prevention. The paper was framed around the Four P model of case formulation, often used in psychological practice.
With the neglect of focus on other microorganisms, paper 2 was the first to investigate the effect of these protozoa on psychological symptom severity. Specifically, Paper 2 presents the results of a cross-sectional, retrospective study of the differences in Depressive, Neurocognitive, Stress and Anxiety, and Sleep and Fatigue symptom severity between individuals negative for intestinal protozoa (n= 563) compared to those positive for common protozoa Blastocystis sp. (n= 274), Dientamoeba fragilis (n= 69), or both (n= 73). The findings demonstrated that there was no statistically significant effect of either protozoan, or co-carriage, on psychological symptom severity for either males or females. Utilising correlational analyses, a retrospective cross-sectional exploration of the association between GM and Depressive, Neurocognitive, Stress and Anxiety, and Sleep and Fatigue symptom severity was carried out in Paper 3. While the overall sample was made up of 4610 clinically diverse participants, sample size for each correlational analysis was dependent on available data. The pattern of associations between several GM species and psychological symptom severity were distinctly different between males and females, providing support for the microgenderome. The results demonstrated that some bacterial species found in common probiotic supplements were positively correlated with symptom severity. The results provide support for the notion that, in future, modulation of GM may be appropriate as an ancillary treatment of psychological symptoms, however further research is needed before their implementation in treatment plans.
Collectively, this thesis demonstrates that expanding the CNS-centric approach to include peripheral systems may revolutionise the way that psychological illness, and its prevention and treatment are conceptualised. Future directions for research and clinical practice are discussed which include methodological and practical challenges that must be overcome to substantiate the need for a paradigm shift for the discipline of psychology.
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Agyei, George. "Heavy metal levels in analytical laboratories waste: a study for the implementation of a programme for the control and disposal of waste from microbiology and chemical analysis laboratories." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/3100.
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Dissertação de mest., Qualidade em Análises, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univ. do Algarve, 2012Analytical Laboratories daily routine analyses leads to the generation of solid and liquid waste. Quality assurance and quality control procedures are employed in most of these laboratories to ensure that accurate results are obtained and the waste generated out of these analyses are properly stored for collection by waste treatment companies. The cost associated with waste treatment varies with the type of waste generated. Liquid waste are quantified or priced according to the volume of waste. Microbiology waste are inactivated and added to solid waste for collection and treatment but residues from Chemical Analysis Laboratories cannot be emptied down the drainage systems since it can contain some levels of heavy metals which can be dangerous to the environment or human. Therefore the objective of this thesis was to characterize some of these important heavy metals so that they can be treated and discarded by the laboratory staff leading to reduction in payment for their treatment by external companies. The research involved the determination of total heavy metal (Pb, Cu Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni, Fe, As, Hg, Al) levels in Microbiology (M) and Chemical (C ) samples using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Flame technique was used for the analysis of Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cr, Ni and Al was analyzed with Furnace technique. However, hydride generation and cold vapour procedures were used for As and Hg respectively. The mean concentration of all the Heavy metals analyzed from the chemical (c) and microbiology (M) samples were all below the Guidelines for Maximum Admissible values for parameter in industrial water residuals with the exception of Fe, Al, As and Hg levels in the DRAAL and LAQ chemical samples which showed concentrations values of 5.0, 89.5, 5.93, 0.42 mg/L and 21.9, 19.0, 3.59, 0.11mg/L respectively, which were higher than the recommended levels of 2.0, 10, 0.5, 0.05mg/L respectively. The microbiological samples were cultured for microorganisms by employing the Incorporation Technique with PCA and PDA. No growth was recorded for both media after 24 and 48 hours of incubation. The results obtained could be used to implement the WC-D programme (Waste-Control and Disposal programme) for microbiological and chemical analysis laboratories of the University.
Частини книг з теми "3107 Microbiology"
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Wahba, A. H. W. "Would the Value of Clinical Laboratory Science be Increased by Further Written and Material Standards in Microbiology?" In Clinical Laboratory Science in the Changing Scene of Health Care, 81–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3197-8_11.
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Levin, Petra Anne. "6 Light microscopy techniques for bacterial cell biology." In Methods in Microbiology, 115–32. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0580-9517(02)31007-9.
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Bernard, Marinade, Ornella Rossetto, and Cesare Montecucco. "16 Bacterial toxins: Intracellular trafficking and target identification." In Methods in Microbiology, 297–317. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0580-9517(02)31017-1.
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Weiss, Jerrold, Frank DeLeo, and William M. Nauseef. "26 Antimicrobial activity of host cells." In Methods in Microbiology, 477–505. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0580-9517(02)31027-4.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "3107 Microbiology"
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Kruzelecky, Roman V., Brian Wong, Emile Haddad, Wes Jamroz, Edward Cloutis, Nadeem Ghafoor, and Sean Jessen. "Inukshuk Landed Robotic Canadian Mission to Mars using a Miniature Sample Analysis Lab for Planetary Mineralogy and Microbiology." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-3104.
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