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Готові списки джерел за темами / 3D array / Статті в журналах

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Статті в журналах з теми "3D array"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 28 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

Park, Jinsu, Hong Jun Lim, Son Trinh-Van, et al. "Derivation of a Universally Valid Array Factor of a Conformal Arrays Based on Phase Compensation and Genetic Learning Particle Swarm Optimization." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (2022): 6501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136501.

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In this study, we investigated the recent deterioration of the radiation pattern performance of conformal arrays, which are applied to fields such as aircraft and vehicles. We analyzed the radiation pattern of conformal arrays in the array factor stage by combining previous studies on various beam-forming techniques for conformal arrays. To efficiently calculate and utilize the radiation pattern of conformal arrays, we derived an array factor based on phase composition for nonplanar arrays of three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems. As an amplitude tapering method for controlling the sidelob

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2

Kaczmarek, Adam L., and Bernhard Blaschitz. "Equal Baseline Camera Array—Calibration, Testbed and Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (2021): 8464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188464.

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This paper presents research on 3D scanning by taking advantage of a camera array consisting of up to five adjacent cameras. Such an array makes it possible to make a disparity map with a higher precision than a stereo camera, however it preserves the advantages of a stereo camera such as a possibility to operate in wide range of distances and in highly illuminated areas. In an outdoor environment, the array is a competitive alternative to other 3D imaging equipment such as Structured-light 3D scanners or Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR). The considered kinds of arrays are called Equal Base

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3

Yoon, Hansol, and Tai-Kyong Song. "Sparse Rectangular and Spiral Array Designs for 3D Medical Ultrasound Imaging." Sensors 20, no. 1 (2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010173.

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In three-dimensional (3D) medical ultrasound imaging with two-dimensional (2D) arrays, sparse 2D arrays have been studied to reduce the number of active channels. Among them, sparse 2D arrays with regular or uniform arrangements of elements have advantages of low side lobe energy and uniform field responses over the entire field of view. This paper presents two uniform sparse array models: sparse rectangular arrays (SRAs) on a rectangular grid and sparse spiral arrays (SSAs) on a sunflower grid. Both arrays can be easily implemented on the commercially available or the custom-made arrays. To s

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4

Wang, Shuai, Lin Quan, Jie Zhang, et al. "Analysis and Simulation of Space-Based LM-APD 3D Imaging." Electronics 12, no. 10 (2023): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102261.

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The linear mode avalanche photodiode (LM-APD) array has the capability of real-time 3D imaging for moving targets, which is a promising 3D imaging means in space. The main system parameters of the LM-APD array 3D imaging system, the characteristics of the space target itself, and the relative positional relationship between them will affect the 3D imaging results at the same time, and there is a need for an appropriate simulation method to describe the space target point cloud acquired by the LM-APD array 3D imaging system under different conditions. We propose a simulation method for the 3D i

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5

Chen, Xiaoyu, Yuyu Xia, Yifei Mao, et al. "A Programmable Nanofabrication Method for Complex 3D Meta-Atom Array Based on Focused-Ion-Beam Stress-Induced Deformation Effect." Micromachines 11, no. 1 (2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11010095.

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Due to their unique electromagnetic properties, meta-atom arrays have always been a hotspot to realize all kinds of particular functions, and the research on meta-atom structure has extended from two-dimensions (2D) to three-dimensions (3D) in recent years. With the continuous pursuit of complex 3D meta-atom arrays, the increasing demand for more efficient and more precise nanofabrication methods has encountered challenges. To explore better fabrication methods, we presented a programmable nanofabrication method for a complex 3D meta-atom array based on focused-ion-beam stress-induced deformat

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6

Bachrach, Ran, and Tapan Mukerji. "Portable dense geophone array for shallow and very shallow 3D seismic reflection surveying: Part 2—3D imaging tests." GEOPHYSICS 69, no. 6 (2004): 1456–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1836819.

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In part I of this paper we demonstrate how the use of a portable dense geophone array increases S/N ratio and the ability to record faint near‐surface reflections. The dense array can also be used as an approximate acoustical lens with appropriate prestack imaging techniques, similar to those used in medical imaging and nondestructive testing. Such use of the array provides flexibility when imaging with sparse shot distributions and improves the overall resolution of the array. We show how, with prestack focusing, one can extend the subsurface coverage beyond conventional common‐midpoint (CMP)

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7

Yu, Liang, Qixin Guo, Ning Chu, and Rui Wang. "Achieving 3D Beamforming by Non-Synchronous Microphone Array Measurements." Sensors 20, no. 24 (2020): 7308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247308.

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Beamforming technology is an essential method in acoustic imaging or reconstruction, which has been widely used in sound source localization and noise reduction. The beamforming algorithm can be described as all microphones in a plane simultaneously recording the source signal. The source position is then localized by maximizing the result of the beamformer. Evidence has shown that the accuracy of the sound source localization in a 2D plane can be improved by the non-synchronous measurements of moving the microphone array. In this paper, non-synchronous measurements are applied to 3D beamformi

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8

Wu, Jinping, Wenxiao Qiao, Xiaohua Che, Xiaodong Ju, Junqiang Lu, and Wenhe Wu. "Experimental study on the radiation characteristics of downhole acoustic phased combined arc array transmitter." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 1 (2013): D1—D9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0114.1.

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A new kind of acoustic phased combined arc array transmitter with controllable directivity presented can be used in 3D acoustic image logging. The phased combined arc array is composed of numerous phased arc arrays placed equally along an axis. Each phased arc array contains several array elements arranged around a circumference. The phased combined arc array is considered as the combination of phased arc arrays and linear phased arrays. A directional radiation acoustic beam in the space is generated by simultaneously controlling the phase delay of excitation signals exerted on array elements

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9

Abdelwahab, Hussein. "Comparison of 2D and 3D Resistivity Imaging Methods in the Study of Shallow Subsurface Structures." Greener Journal of Physical Sciences 3, no. 4 (2013): 149–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3444322.

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2D and 3D resistivity imaging methods are simple, fast, inexpensive, and relatively accurate techniques used in geophysics exploration. In this study, 2D and 3D resistivity imaging methods are used to produce images of the subsurface structure of the University of Technology in Baghdad, Iraq. Three 2D images are utilized to create a 3D slice image and a 3D block image for three conventional arrays. Each 2D image has a length of 60m and a depth of approximately 12m, and the spacing between lines is 1.5m. Results show that the study area consists of two types of material: sandy gravel and clay.

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10

Cheng, Ming-Yuan, Ramona B. Damalerio, Weiguo Chen, Ramamoorthy Rajkumar, and Gavin S. Dawe. "Ultracompact Multielectrode Array for Neurological Monitoring." Sensors 19, no. 10 (2019): 2286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102286.

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Patients with paralysis, spinal cord injury, or amputated limbs could benefit from using brain–machine interface technology for communication and neurorehabilitation. In this study, a 32-channel three-dimensional (3D) multielectrode probe array was developed for the neural interface system of a brain–machine interface to monitor neural activity. A novel microassembly technique involving lead transfer was used to prevent misalignment in the bonding plane during the orthogonal assembly of the 3D multielectrode probe array. Standard microassembly and biopackaging processes were utilized to implem

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11

Li, Ying, Tianxing Wang, Heyan Liu, Xuefang Dai, Xiao Yu, and Guodong Liu. "The Magnetic Properties of Closely Spaced Three-Dimensional Nanomagnet Array." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/657541.

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With Monte Carlo method, we investigate the magnetic ground state, magnetic specific heat, and magnetic hysteresis loop for three types of closely spaced nanomagnet arrays in three-dimensional (3D) space. It is found that the magnetic ground state of three nanomagnet arrays exhibits the vortex order, caused by the long-range dipolar interactions. Three types of nanomagnet arrays have almost the same magnetic transition temperature even if their array formation in 3D triangular lattice is different. Some slight jump occurs in the hysteresis loop of the face-centered cubic nanomagnet array, whil

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12

RECIOUI, Abdelmadjid, and Youcef GRAINAT. "3D Antenna Array Design using Firefly Optimization Algorithm." Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 4, no. 2 (2019): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v4i2.83.

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The design of antenna arrays in a 3D geometry is presented in this Chapter. The decision variables considered for this synthesis problem are the array element amplitude excitations. The objective is to design an array which ensures minimum sidelobe level and a high directivity. The synthesis process is carried out using a nature-inspired global optimization technique. The optimization method based on the reaction of a firefly to the light of other fireflies is known as Firefly Algorithm (FA). It is a population-based iterative heuristic global optimization algorithm technique, developed by Xin

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13

Fang, Liang, Feng Yang, Maoxuan Xu, and Fengyu Liu. "Research on Development 3D Ground Penetrating Radar Acquisition and Control Technology for Road Underground Diseases with Dual-Band Antenna Arrays." Sensors 23, no. 19 (2023): 8301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198301.

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This paper describes the development of a new 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) acquisition and control technology for road underground diseases with dual-band antenna arrays. The 3D GPR system can be mounted on a vehicle-loading device and used by vehicles to detect road underground diseases at regular speeds. Compared with existing 3D GPR systems, this new type of 3D GPR has the following design features: it has dual-band antenna arrays, including a 16-channel 400 MHz antenna array and an 8-channel 200 MHz antenna array, which not only improves the detection efficiency, but also effectively

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14

Shi, Ruizhe, Yitong Luo, Zhe Zhang, Xiaolan Qiu, and Chibiao Ding. "A Three-DimensionalImaging Method for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Borne SAR Based on Nested Difference Co-Arrays and Azimuth Multi-Snapshots." Remote Sensing 17, no. 3 (2025): 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17030516.

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Due to its miniature size and single-pass nature, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-borne array synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is capable of obtaining three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic scattering information with a low cost and high efficiency, making it widely applicable in various fields. However, the limited payload capacity of the UAV platform results in a limited number of array antennas and affects 3D resolution. This paper proposes a 3D imaging method for UAV-borne SAR based on nested difference co-arrays and azimuth multi-snapshots. We first designed an antenna arrangement based on ne

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15

Lukacs, Peter, Geo Davis, Don Pieris, and Theodosia Stratoudaki. "A 2D Ultrasonic Phased Array Optimization Framework Enabled by Reconfigurable Laser Induced Phased Arrays." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2822, no. 1 (2024): 012094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2822/1/012094.

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Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonic imaging enables the viewing of internal features in a more accurate way than cross-sectional imaging. 3D imaging requires two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonic phased arrays to resolve all three spatial dimensions through beamforming along azimuthal and elevation angles. 2D phased arrays pose a manufacturing and control challenge due to the requirement of large number of elements to satisfy the Nyquist sampling limit. This problem can be alleviated through the use of sparse ultrasonic array designs. The optimization process is critical, as this dictates the

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16

Du, Jiangang, Ingmar H. Riedel-Kruse, Janna C. Nawroth, Michael L. Roukes, Gilles Laurent, and Sotiris C. Masmanidis. "High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Extracellular Recording of Neuronal Activity With Microfabricated Electrode Arrays." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 3 (2009): 1671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90992.2008.

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Microelectrode array recordings of neuronal activity present significant opportunities for studying the brain with single-cell and spike-time precision. However, challenges in device manufacturing constrain dense multisite recordings to two spatial dimensions, whereas access to the three-dimensional (3D) structure of many brain regions appears to remain a challenge. To overcome this limitation, we present two novel recording modalities of silicon-based devices aimed at establishing 3D functionality. First, we fabricated a dual-side electrode array by patterning recording sites on both the fron

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17

Dong, Zhijie, Shuangliang Li, Chengwu Huang, et al. "Real-time 3D ultrasound imaging with a clip-on device attached to common 1D array transducers." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0026955.

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Performing 3D ultrasound imaging at a real-time volume rate (e.g., &gt;20 Hz) is a challenging task. While 2D array transducers remain the most practical approach for real-time 3D imaging, the large number of transducer elements (e.g., several thousand) that are necessary to cover an effective 3D field-of-view impose a fundamental constraint on imaging speed. Although solutions such as multiplexing and specialized transducers, including sparse arrays and row-column-addressing arrays, have been developed to address this limitation, they inevitably compromise imaging quality (e.g., SNR, reso

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18

Yang, Jiyeong, Wonjae Ryoo, Wonjin Sung, Jeong-Ho Kim, and Jonghyun Park. "3D Antenna Structures Using Uniform Triangular Arrays for Efficient Full-Directional Multiuser Transmission." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (November 5, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4150378.

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In order to increase the system capacity of the 5G mobile communication system, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission techniques using a large-scale array over the millimeter-wave band have attracted a great amount of attention. To cope with various types of receivers expected in 5G communications such as user equipment (UE) in small cells, indoor Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices at diverse locations, and drones performing aerial navigation, newer types of antenna arrays require all-directional transmission capability. Existing antenna structures with typical panel arrays, however

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19

Touati, Amine, Samir Chatbouri, Nabil Sghaier, and Adel Kalboussi. "Theoretical Analysis and Characterization of Multi-Islands Single-Electron Devices with Applications." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/241214.

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A two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) multiple-tunnel junctions array is investigated. Device structure and electrical characteristics are described. We present a comparison of carriers transport through devices based on polymetallic grains based on master equation and the orthodox theory. The Coulomb blockade effect of 2D and 3D arrays is observed at low and high temperatures. The conduction mechanism is handled by the tunnel effect, and we adopt in addition the thermionic and Fowler-Nordheim emissions. Numerical simulation results focused on flash-memory and photodetector applications. Memo

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20

Wang, Meng, Junlu Wang, Pinrong Lin, and Xiaohong Meng. "Three-Dimensional Resistivity and Chargeability Tomography with Expanding Gradient and Pole–Dipole Arrays in a Polymetallic Mine, China." Remote Sensing 16, no. 1 (2024): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16010186.

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Three-dimensional resistivity/chargeability tomography based on distributed data acquisition technology is likely to provide abundant information for mineral exploration. To realize true 3D tomography, establishing transmitter sources with different injection directions and collecting vector signals at receiver points is necessary. We implemented 3D resistivity/ chargeability tomography to search for new ore bodies in the deep and peripheral areas of Huaniushan, China. A distributed data acquisition system was used to form a vector receiver array in the survey area. First, by using the expandi

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21

Mofakhami, Darius, Benjamin Seznec, Romaric Landfried, Philippe Teste, Philippe Dessante, and Tiberiu Minea. "A fast-modeling algorithm to predict the thermo-field emission and thermal stability of field emitter arrays." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 24 (2022): 243302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0116717.

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In the last decades, numerical simulation has become a precious tool to assist the design and study of electron sources based on regular arrays of field emitters. Simulations of field emitter arrays (FEAs) require 3D treatment to account for the interactions between neighbor emitters. Therefore, modeling the thermal evolution of FEAs involves high computational resources due to the multi-physics approach and time dependency. The present paper proposes an algorithm which gives a fast prediction of the self-heating of a large array of [Formula: see text] axisymmetric field emitters. It consists

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22

Chu, Fan, Di Wang, Chao Liu, Lei Li, and Qiong-Hua Wang. "Multi-View 2D/3D Switchable Display with Cylindrical Liquid Crystal Lens Array." Crystals 11, no. 6 (2021): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060715.

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We propose a multi-view 2D/3D switchable display by using cylindrical liquid crystal (LC) lens array with a low operating voltage and fast response time. The cylindrical LC lens array is composed of three parts: the LC layer, a top-plane indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, and bottom periodic strip ITO electrodes. In the voltage-off state, the cylindrical LC lens array is equivalent to a transparent glass substrate and the viewers can see a clear 2D image. In the 3D mode, the cylindrical LC lens array can be used as a cylindrical lens array under a suitable operating voltage. As a result, the 2D

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23

Kondo, Takashi, Junichiro Hayakawa, Daisuke Iguchi, et al. "All-Monolithically Integrated Self-Scanning Addressable VCSEL Array for 3D Sensing." Photonics 10, no. 3 (2023): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10030304.

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We propose an all-monolithically integrated self-scanning addressable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser array for time-of-flight measurement. Some advantages of addressable VCSELs for ToF measurement applications include large reductions in power consumption, heat generation, multi-pass noise, and flare noise. In this paper, we discuss the characteristics of the proposed self-scanning addressable VCSEL array. All layers in the epilayer structure of the proposed VCSEL array were formed at once by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The device consists of an (Al)GaAs-based thyristor an

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24

Yazawa, Aki, Takuya Hoshina, Hirofumi Kakemoto, Takaaki Tsurumi, and Satoshi Wada. "Preparation and Dielectric Properties of 3D Barium Titanate Colloidal Sphere Array." Key Engineering Materials 320 (September 2006): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.320.127.

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Barium titanate (BaTiO3) colloidal sphere array was prepared by meniscus method using capillary force between particles from slurry. To pack particles closely, well-dispersed slurry was obtained using electric double layer. From SEM observation, it was confirmed that the colloidal sphere array had point contact or plane contact. Dielectric permittivity of prepared colloidal sphere array was measured at 1 MHz by impedance analyzer. An obtained sample with point contact showed about the same dielectric permittivity as that of simulation by finite element method (FEM) using closed packed model. H

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25

Zhao, Wu-Xiang, Han-Le Zhang, Qing-Lin Ji, Huan Deng, and Da-Hai Li. "Aerial Projection 3D Display Based on Integral Imaging." Photonics 8, no. 9 (2021): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8090381.

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We proposed an aerial projection 3D display based on integral imaging. It is composed of a projector, a lens-array holographic optical element (HOE), and two parabolic mirrors. The lens-array HOE is a diffraction grating and is made by the volume holography technique. The lens-array HOE can be produced on a thin glass plate, and it has the optical properties of a lens array when the Bragg condition is satisfied. When the display beams of the element image array (EIA) are projected on the lens-array HOE, 3D images can be reconstructed. The two parabolic mirrors can project 3D images into the ai

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26

Li, Wentao, Yongqiang Hei, Jing Yang, and Xiaowei Shi. "3D Pattern Synthesis of Time-Modulated Conformal Arrays with a Multiobjective Optimization Approach." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/687124.

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This paper addresses the synthesis of the three-dimensional (3D) radiation patterns of the time-modulated conformal arrays. Due to the nature of periodic time modulation, harmonic radiation patterns are generated at the multiples of the modulation frequency in time-modulated arrays. Thus, the optimization goal of the time-modulated conformal array includes the optimization of the sidelobe level at the operating frequency and the sideband levels (SBLs) at the harmonic frequency, and the design can be regarded as a multiobjective problem. The multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is

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27

Wu, Zi-bin, Yu-tao Zhu, Yi Su, Yu Li, and Xiao-ji Song. "MIMO Array Design for Airborne Linear Array 3D SAR Imaging." Journal of Electronics & Information Technology 35, no. 11 (2014): 2672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1146.2013.00377.

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Wang, Shuai, Gang Yuan, Kun-Peng Wang, et al. "Optical Phased Array-Based Laser Beam Array Subdivide Pixel Method for Improving Three-Dimensional Imaging Resolution." Photonics 10, no. 12 (2023): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121360.

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The small number of pixels in the current linear mode avalanche photodiode (LM-APD) array limits its three-dimensional (3D) imaging resolution. We use an optical phased array-based beam array subdivided pixel method to improve the 3D imaging resolution, using an optical phased array to generate a beam array with the same number of pixels as the LM-APD array and matching positions and controlling each sub-beam in the beam array to scan in the field of view of the corresponding pixel. The sub-beam divergence angle in the beam array is smaller than the instantaneous field of view angle of a singl

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29

Mondal, Shyamal C., Paul D. Wilcox, and Bruce W. Drinkwater. "Design of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonic Phased Array Transducers." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 3 (2005): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1991873.

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Two-dimensional (2D) phased arrays have the potential to significantly change the way in which engineering components in safety critical industries are inspected. In addition to enabling a three-dimensional (3D) volume of a component to be inspected from a single location, they could also be used in a C-scan configuration. The latter would enable any point in a component to be interrogated over a range of solid angles, allowing more accurate defect characterization and sizing. This paper describes the simulation and evaluation of grid, cross and circular 2D phased array element configurations.

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Lee, Hyukjun, Wonjae Ryu, Wonjin Sung, and Jonghyun Park. "Beamforming for Rotated 3D Multipanel Array Structures for 5G NR MIMO Transmission." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (July 7, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2830792.

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5G new radio (NR) provides enhanced transmission capabilities to transceivers by utilizing the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology with a significantly increased number of antenna elements. Such transmission requires massive arrays to perform accurate high-gain beamforming over the millimeter-wave frequency band. There is no fixed form of array structures for 5G NR base stations, but they are likely to include multiple subarrays or panels for practicality of implementation and are expected to cover the user equipment (UE) in various locations. In this paper, we propose an

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Távora-Vieira, Dayse, Marcus Voola, Jafri Kuthubutheen, Peter Friedland, Daren Gibson, and Aanand Acharya. "Evaluation of the Performance of OTOPLAN-Based Cochlear Implant Electrode Array Selection: A Retrospective Study." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 8 (2023): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13081276.

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Otoplan is a surgical planning software designed to assist with cochlear implant surgery. One of its outputs is a recommendation of electrode array type based on imaging parameters. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the differences in auditory outcomes between patients who were implanted with arrays corresponding to those recommended by the Otoplan software versus those in which the array selection differed from the Otoplan recommendation. Pre-operative CT images from 114 patients were imported into the software, and array recommendations were generated. These were compared to the arra

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Awad, Samer I., and Jesse T. Yen. "3D Strain Imaging Using a Rectilinear 2D Array." Ultrasonic Imaging 29, no. 4 (2007): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173460702900403.

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Under mechanical compression, tissue movements are inherently three-dimensional. 2-D strain imaging can suffer from decorrelation noise caused by out-of-plane tissue movement in elevation. With 3-D strain imaging, all tissue movements can be estimated and compensated, hence minimizing out-of-plane decorrelation noise. Promising 3-D strain imaging results have been shown using 1 -D arrays with mechanical translation in elevation. However, the relatively large slice thickness and mechanical translation can degrade image quality. Using 2-D arrays, an improved elevational resolution can be achieve

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33

Villarreal, Diego Luján, and Wolfgang Krautschneider. "Spatially Localized Visual Perception Estimation by Means of Prosthetic Vision Simulation." Journal of Imaging 10, no. 11 (2024): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10110294.

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Retinal prosthetic devices aim to repair some vision in visually impaired patients by electrically stimulating neural cells in the visual system. Although there have been several notable advancements in the creation of electrically stimulated small dot-like perceptions, a deeper comprehension of the physical properties of phosphenes is still necessary. This study analyzes the influence of two independent electrode array topologies to achieve single-localized stimulation while the retina is electrically stimulated: a two-dimensional (2D) hexagon-shaped array reported in clinical studies and a p

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34

Ye, Z., R. Banasiak, and M. Soleimani. "Planar array 3D electrical capacitance tomography." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 55, no. 12 (2013): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2012.55.12.675.

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35

Lee, Hyunkook, and Dale Johnson. "3D Microphone Array Comparison: Objective Measurements." Journal of the Audio Engineering Society 69, no. 11 (2021): 871–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2021.0038.

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36

Le Sage, Gregory Peter. "3D Printed Waveguide Slot Array Antennas." IEEE Access 4 (2016): 1258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2544278.

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37

Singh, Kanwar Vikas, Allison M. Whited, Yaswanth Ragineni, Thomas W. Barrett, Jeff King, and Raj Solanki. "3D nanogap interdigitated electrode array biosensors." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 397, no. 4 (2010): 1493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3682-z.

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38

Takeuchi, Shoji, Takafumi Suzuki, Kunihiko Mabuchi, and Hiroyuki Fujita. "3D flexible multichannel neural probe array." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 14, no. 1 (2003): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/14/1/014.

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39

Wang, Ming-Fang, Teimour Maleki, and Babak Ziaie. "A self-assembled 3D microelectrode array." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 20, no. 3 (2010): 035013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/20/3/035013.

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40

Eren, Ezgi Can, Ram Dixit, and Natarajan Gautam. "A Three-Dimensional Computer Simulation Model Reveals the Mechanisms for Self-Organization of Plant Cortical Microtubules into Oblique Arrays." Molecular Biology of the Cell 21, no. 15 (2010): 2674–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-02-0136.

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The noncentrosomal cortical microtubules (CMTs) of plant cells self-organize into a parallel three-dimensional (3D) array that is oriented transverse to the cell elongation axis in wild-type plants and is oblique in some of the mutants that show twisted growth. To study the mechanisms of CMT array organization, we developed a 3D computer simulation model based on experimentally observed properties of CMTs. Our computer model accurately mimics transverse array organization and other fundamental properties of CMTs observed in rapidly elongating wild-type cells as well as the defective CMT phenot

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41

Wang, Feifan, Bin Deng, Qi Yang, Hongqiang Wang, and Ye Zhang. "A Fast 3D Near Range Imaging Algorithm for a Scanning Sparse MIMO Array in the Millimeter Band." Sensors 20, no. 17 (2020): 4701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174701.

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Millimeter-wave technology has been widely used in near range targets imaging scenarios, such as mechanical scanning and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) array imaging. Emerging scanning array regimes increase the need for fast-speed and high-quality imaging techniques, which, however, are often subject to specific array positions. Moreover, the relationship between array positions and the imaging performance is not clear, which leads to no uniform standard for array design. In this paper, a series of array configurations are designed to explore the impact of different array positions on

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42

Albagory, Yasser. "An Efficient Conformal Stacked Antenna Array Design and 3D-Beamforming for UAV and Space Vehicle Communications." Sensors 21, no. 4 (2021): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041362.

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In this paper, a new conformal array structure and beamforming technique are proposed to provide efficient communication performance for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and space vehicles. The proposed array is formed by conformally stacking cylindrical, conical, and concentric circular (CSC4) arrays which are all coaxially aligned with the same axis of the conformed body and with uniform interelement spacing. The array elements are then fed by a weighting vector that has an adaptive cosine tapered profile where the maximum amplitude coefficient is oriented with the mainlobe direction to impro

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43

Liu, Wenjuan, Leming He, Xubo Wang, et al. "3D FEM Analysis of High-Frequency AlN-Based PMUT Arrays on Cavity SOI." Sensors 19, no. 20 (2019): 4450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204450.

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This paper presents three-dimensional (3D) models of high-frequency piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) based on the finite element method (FEM). These models are verified with fabricated aluminum nitride (AlN)-based PMUT arrays. The 3D numerical model consists of a sandwiched piezoelectric structure, a silicon passive layer, and a silicon substrate with a cavity. Two types of parameters are simulated with periodic boundary conditions: (1) the resonant frequencies and mode shapes of PMUT, and (2) the electrical impedance and acoustic field of PMUT loaded with air and wat

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Tsai, Jhy Cherng, Ken Liu та Hsi Harng Yang. "Fabrication of Rolling Mold for a 200μm Microlens Array by 3D LIGA-Like Processes". Materials Science Forum 505-507 (січень 2006): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.271.

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This paper presents a series of three dimensional (3D) LIGA-like processes to fabricate microlens arrays on a cylindrical substrate. The processes consist of design of mask and rotating mechanism, coating of photoresist, 3D UV lithography, development and hardening, and electroforming. It transfers microlens array pattern to a φ76mm cylindrical stainless steel substrate intended for use as a rolling mold via electroforming. Process technologies are investigated and experiments are design and conducted as a proof of concept. Experimental results showed that φ200μm microlens arrays can be fabric

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45

de Souza, Júlio Cesar Eduardo, Montserrat Parrilla Romero, Ricardo Tokio Higuti, and Óscar Martínez-Graullera. "Design of Ultrasonic Synthetic Aperture Imaging Systems Based on a Non-Grid 2D Sparse Array." Sensors 21, no. 23 (2021): 8001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238001.

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This work provides a guide to design ultrasonic synthetic aperture systems for non-grid two-dimensional sparse arrays such as spirals or annular segmented arrays. It presents an algorithm that identifies which elements have a more significant impact on the beampattern characteristics and uses this information to reduce the number of signals, the number of emitters and the number of parallel receiver channels involved in the beamforming process. Consequently, we can optimise the 3D synthetic aperture ultrasonic imaging system for a specific sparse array, reducing the computational cost, the har

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46

Canclini, Antonio, Fabio Antonacci, Augusto Sarti, and Stefano Tubaro. "Distributed 3D Source Localization from 2D DOA Measurements Using Multiple Linear Arrays." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1049141.

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This manuscript addresses the problem of 3D source localization from direction of arrivals (DOAs) in wireless acoustic sensor networks. In this context, multiple sensors measure the DOA of the source, and a central node combines the measurements to yield the source location estimate. Traditional approaches require 3D DOA measurements; that is, each sensor estimates the azimuth and elevation of the source by means of a microphone array, typically in a planar or spherical configuration. The proposed methodology aims at reducing the hardware and computational costs by combining measurements relat

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47

Liu, Haifei, Yingjie Zhao, Yuhao Zhang, Xiaoqiang Li, and Daowei Zhu. "Research on Three-Dimensional Resistivity Imaging for Non-Conventional Electrode Arrays in Restricted Exploration Area." Applied Sciences 15, no. 1 (2024): 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010068.

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The 3D resistivity imaging surveying is adept at identifying structural details at various subsurface depths, and it can acquire valuable underground information even in complex geological environments. This technique has been widely applied in fields such as geological exploration, hydrogeology, and environmental monitoring. Currently, the 3D electrical resistivity surveys in the field are primarily deployed using regular grid and equidistant electrode layouts. However, when the survey area is influenced by obstacles or when the target being investigated is particularly complex, this may hind

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48

Prince Mathew, Joseph, and Cameron Nowzari. "ReLoki: A Light-Weight Relative Localization System Based on UWB Antenna Arrays." Sensors 24, no. 16 (2024): 5407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24165407.

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Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) sensing has gained popularity in relative localization applications. Many localization solutions rely on using Time of Flight (ToF) sensing based on a beacon–tag system, which requires four or more beacons in the environment for 3D localization. A lesser researched option is using Angle of Arrival (AoA) readings obtained from UWB antenna pairs to perform relative localization. In this paper, we present a UWB platform called ReLoki that can be used for ranging and AoA-based relative localization in 3D. To enable AoA, ReLoki utilizes the geometry of antenna arrays. In this

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49

Deng, Hui, Guojiao Lv, Huan Deng, and Zesheng Liu. "Viewing-Angle-Enhanced and Dual-View Compatible Integral Imaging 3D Display Based on a Dual Pinhole Array." Micromachines 15, no. 3 (2024): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15030381.

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Conventional integral imaging (InIm) three-dimensional (3D) display has the defect of a small viewing angle and usually presents a single 3D image. In this paper, we propose a viewing-angle-enhanced and dual-view compatible InIm 3D display system. The crosstalk pixel areas within the conventional elemental images (EIs) that result in image crosstalk were effectively utilized either for viewing angle enhancement or for dual-view 3D display. In the viewing-angle-enhanced 3D display mode, a composite elemental image (CEI) that consisted of a normal EI and two view-enhanced EIs was imaged by a dua

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50

Abdalmalak, Kerlos Atia, Ayman Abdulhadi Althuwayb, Choon Sae Lee, et al. "Standing-Wave Feeding for High-Gain Linear Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) Array." Sensors 22, no. 8 (2022): 3089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22083089.

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A novel feeding method for linear DRA arrays is presented, illuminating the use of the power divider, transitions, and launchers, and keeping uniform excitation to array elements. This results in a high-gain DRA array with low losses with a design that is simple, compact and inexpensive. The proposed feeding method is based on exciting standing waves using discrete metallic patches in a simple design procedure. Two arrays with two and four DRA elements are presented as a proof of concept, which provide high gains of 12 and 15dBi, respectively, which are close to the theoretical limit based on

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