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Mezghani, Neila, Rayan Soltana, Youssef Ouakrim, Alix Cagnin, Alexandre Fuentes, Nicola Hagemeister, and Pascal-André Vendittoli. "Healthy Knee Kinematic Phenotypes Identification Based on a Clustering Data Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 17, 2021): 12054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112412054.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study is to identify healthy phenotypes in knee kinematics based on clustering data analysis. Our analysis uses the 3D knee kinematics curves, namely, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and tibial internal/external rotation, measured via a KneeKG™ system during a gait task. We investigated two data representation approaches that are based on the joint analysis of the three dimensions. The first is a global approach that is considered a concatenation of the kinematic data without any dimensionality reduction. The second is a local approach that is considered a set of 69 biomechanical parameters of interest extracted from the 3D kinematic curves. The data representations are followed by a clustering process, based on the BIRCH (balanced iterative reducing and clustering using hierarchies) discriminant model, to separate 3D knee kinematics into homogeneous groups or clusters. Phenotypes were obtained by averaging those groups. We validated the clusters using inter-cluster correlation and statistical hypothesis tests. The simulation results showed that the global approach is more efficient, and it allows the identification of three descriptive 3D kinematic phenotypes within a healthy knee population.
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Liu, Tao, Yoshio Inoue, Kyoko Shibata, Kozou Shiojima, and Ji Bin Yin. "A Novel Three-Dimensional Gait Analysis System." Advanced Materials Research 569 (September 2012): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.569.352.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three-dimensional (3D) lower limb kinematic and kinetic analysis based on ambulatory measurements is introduced in this paper. We developed a wireless sensor system composed of a mobile force plate system, 3D motion sensor units and a wireless data logger. 3D motions of body segment and triaxial ground reaction force (GRF) could be simultaneously measured using the system, and the data obtained from sensor units on thighs, shanks and feet could be transferred to a personal computer by wireless local area network (LAN). An inverse dynamics method was adopted to calculate triaxial joint moments. The accuracy of kinematics and kinetics (joint moments) assessment is validated against results obtained from the stationary measurement system based on camera movement analysis and force plates.
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Scoz, Robson Dias, Thiago Roberto Espindola, Mateus Freitas Santiago, Paulo Rui de Oliveira, Bruno Mazziotti Oliveira Alves, Luciano Maia Alves Ferreira, and César Ferreira Amorim. "Validation of a 3D Camera System for Cycling Analysis." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 4473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134473.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Kinematic analysis aimed toward scientific investigation or professional purposes is commonly unaffordable and complex to use. Objective: The purpose of this study was to verify concurrent validation between a cycling-specific 3D camera and the gold-standard 3D general camera systems. Methods: Overall, 11 healthy amateur male triathletes were filmed riding their bicycles with Vicon 3D cameras and the Retul 3D cameras for bike fitting analysis simultaneously. All 18 kinematic measurements given by the bike fitting system were compared with the same data given by Vicon cameras through Pearson correlation (r), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error measurements (SEM), and Bland–Altman (BA) analysis. Confidence intervals of 95% are given. Results: A very high correlation between cameras was found on six of 18 measurements. All other presented a high correlation between cameras (between 0.7 and 0.9). In total, six variables indicate a SEM of less than one degree between systems. Only two variables indicate a SEM higher than two degrees between camera systems. Overall, four measures indicate bias tendency according to BA. Conclusions: The cycling-specific led-emitting 3D camera system tested revealed a high or very high degree of correlation with the gold-standard 3D camera system used in laboratory motion capture. In total, 14 measurements of this equipment could be used in sports medicine clinical practice and even by researchers of cycling studies.
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Longo, Umile Giuseppe, Sergio De Salvatore, Arianna Carnevale, Salvatore Maria Tecce, Benedetta Bandini, Alberto Lalli, Emiliano Schena, and Vincenzo Denaro. "Optical Motion Capture Systems for 3D Kinematic Analysis in Patients with Shoulder Disorders." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 12033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Shoulder dysfunctions represent the third musculoskeletal disorder by frequency. However, monitoring the movement of the shoulder is particularly challenging due to the complexity of the joint kinematics. The 3D kinematic analysis with optical motion capture systems (OMCs) makes it possible to overcome clinical tests’ shortcomings and obtain objective data on the characteristics and quality of movement. This systematic review aims to retrieve the current knowledge about using OMCs for 3D shoulder kinematic analysis in patients with musculoskeletal shoulder disorders and their corresponding clinical relevance. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to improve the reporting of the review. Studies employing OMCs for 3D kinematic analysis in patients with musculoskeletal shoulder disorders were retrieved. Eleven articles were considered eligible for this study. OMCs can be considered a powerful tool in orthopedic clinical research. The high costs and organizing complexities of experimental setups are likely outweighed by the impact of these systems in guiding clinical practice and patient follow-up. However, additional high-quality studies on using OMCs in clinical practice are required, with standardized protocols and methodologies to make comparing clinical trials easier.
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Lujan, Trevor J., Spencer P. Lake, Timothy A. Plaizier, Benjamin J. Ellis, and Jeffrey A. Weiss. "Simultaneous Measurement of Three-Dimensional Joint Kinematics and Ligament Strains With Optical Methods." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1835365.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study was to assess the precision and accuracy of a nonproprietary, optical three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system for the simultaneous measurement of soft tissue strains and joint kinematics. The system consisted of two high-resolution digital cameras and software for calculating the 3D coordinates of contrast markers. System precision was assessed by examining the variation in the coordinates of static markers over time. Three-dimensional strain measurement accuracy was assessed by moving contrast markers fixed distances in the field of view and calculating the error in predicted strain. Three-dimensional accuracy for kinematic measurements was assessed by simulating the measurements that are required for recording knee kinematics. The field of view (190 mm) was chosen to allow simultaneous recording of markers for soft tissue strain measurement and knee joint kinematics. Average system precision was between ±0.004 mm and ±0.035 mm, depending on marker size and camera angle. Absolute error in strain measurement varied from a minimum of ±0.025% to a maximum of ±0.142%, depending on the angle between cameras and the direction of strain with respect to the camera axes. Kinematic accuracy for translations was between ±0.008 mm and ±0.034 mm, while rotational accuracy was ±0.082 deg to ±0.160 deg. These results demonstrate that simultaneous optical measurement of 3D soft tissue strain and 3D joint kinematics can be performed while achieving excellent accuracy for both sets of measurements.
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Figueiredo, Joana, Simão P. Carvalho, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Luís M. Gonçalves, Juan C. Moreno, and Cristina P. Santos. "Wearable Inertial Sensor System towards Daily Human Kinematic Gait Analysis: Benchmarking Analysis to MVN BIOMECH." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 12, 2020): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082185.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a cost- and time-effective wearable inertial sensor system, the InertialLAB. It includes gyroscopes and accelerometers for the real-time monitoring of 3D-angular velocity and 3D-acceleration of up to six lower limbs and trunk segment and sagittal joint angle up to six joints. InertialLAB followed an open architecture with a low computational load to be executed by wearable processing units up to 200 Hz for fostering kinematic gait data to third-party systems, advancing similar commercial systems. For joint angle estimation, we developed a trigonometric method based on the segments’ orientation previously computed by fusion-based methods. The validation covered healthy gait patterns in varying speed and terrain (flat, ramp, and stairs) and including turns, extending the experiments approached in the literature. The benchmarking analysis to MVN BIOMECH reported that InertialLAB provides more reliable measures in stairs than in flat terrain and ramp. The joint angle time-series of InertialLAB showed good waveform similarity (>0.898) with MVN BIOMECH, resulting in high reliability and excellent validity. User-independent neural network regression models successfully minimized the drift errors observed in InertialLAB’s joint angles (NRMSE < 0.092). Further, users ranked InertialLAB as good in terms of usability. InertialLAB shows promise for daily kinematic gait analysis and real-time kinematic feedback for wearable third-party systems.
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Gonçalves, Fernando, Tiago Ribeiro, António Fernando Ribeiro, Gil Lopes, and Paulo Flores. "A Recursive Algorithm for the Forward Kinematic Analysis of Robotic Systems Using Euler Angles." Robotics 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics11010015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forward kinematics is one of the main research fields in robotics, where the goal is to obtain the position of a robot’s end-effector from its joint parameters. This work presents a method for achieving this using a recursive algorithm that builds a 3D computational model from the configuration of a robotic system. The orientation of the robot’s links is determined from the joint angles using Euler Angles and rotation matrices. Kinematic links are modeled sequentially, the properties of each link are defined by its geometry, the geometry of its predecessor in the kinematic chain, and the configuration of the joint between them. This makes this method ideal for tackling serial kinematic chains. The proposed method is advantageous due to its theoretical increase in computational efficiency, ease of implementation, and simple interpretation of the geometric operations. This method is tested and validated by modeling a human-inspired robotic mobile manipulator (CHARMIE) in Python.
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Bonanzinga, Tommaso, Cecilia Signorelli, Marco Bontempi, Alessandro Russo, Stefano Zaffagnini, Maurilio Marcacci, and Laura Bragonzoni. "Evaluation of RSA set-up from a clinical biplane fluoroscopy system for 3D joint kinematic analysis." Joints 04, no. 02 (April 2016): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11138/jts/2016.4.2.121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: dinamic roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA), a technique currently based only on customized radiographic equipment, has been shown to be a very accurate method for detecting threedimensional (3D) joint motion. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the applicability of an innovative RSA set-up for in vivo knee kinematic analysis, using a biplane fluoroscopic image system. To this end, the Authors describe the set-up as well as a possible protocol for clinical knee joint evaluation. The accuracy of the kinematic measurements is assessed. Methods: the Authors evaluated the accuracy of 3D kinematic analysis of the knee in a new RSA set-up, based on a commercial biplane fluoroscopy system integrated into the clinical environment. The study was organized in three main phases: an in vitro test under static conditions, an in vitro test under dynamic conditions reproducing a flexion-extension range of motion (ROM), and an in vivo analysis of the flexionextension ROM. For each test, the following were calculated, as an indication of the tracking accuracy: mean, minimum, maximum values and standard deviation of the error of rigid body fitting. Results: in terms of rigid body fitting, in vivo test errors were found to be 0.10±0.05 mm. Phantom tests in static and kinematic conditions showed precision levels, for translations and rotations, of below 0.1 mm/0.2º and below 0.5 mm/0.3º respectively for all directions. Conclusions: the results of this study suggest that kinematic RSA can be successfully performed using a standard clinical biplane fluoroscopy system for the acquisition of slow movements of the lower limb. Clinical relevance: a kinematic RSA set-up using a clinical biplane fluoroscopy system is potentially applicable and provides a useful method for obtaining better characterization of joint biomechanics.
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Xinzhe, Hu, Feng Huize, Tang Huiying, Hong Xueming, and Fan Jiankai. "Kinematic Simulation and Analysis of Globoidal Indexing Cam." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 03045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817503045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As an important mechanism with intermittent motion, the globoidal indexing cam is always a research hot in the mechanical fields. The working profile of globoidal indexing cam is extremely complicated and undevelopable, which make it quite difficult to be protracted by the conventional drafting method. Aiming at this problem, the working curvilinear equation of the intermittent motion of an indexing cam is derived based on the RPY (Roll-Pitch-Yaw) coordinate transformation method. The 3D model based on the curvilinear equation is built by the Creo2.0 modeling software. The virtual prototype is established based on the ADAMS software, while the kinematics simulation is implemented. The success of virtual simulation verifies the correctness of curvilinear equation. The numerical results, presented and discussed in the paper, indicate that the proposed model is feasible to foresee the kinematic behaviour of an actual system.
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Struber, Lucas, Vincent Nougier, Jacques Griffet, Olivier Daniel, Alexandre Moreau-Gaudry, Philippe Cinquin, and Aurélien Courvoisier. "Comparison of Trunk Motion between Moderate AIS and Healthy Children." Children 9, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9050738.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Analysis of kinematic and postural data of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients seems relevant for a better understanding of biomechanical aspects involved in AIS and its etiopathogenesis. The present project aimed at investigating kinematic differences and asymmetries in early AIS in a static task and in uniplanar trunk movements (rotations, lateral bending, and forward bending). Trunk kinematics and posture were assessed using a 3D motion analysis system and a force plate. A total of fifteen healthy girls, fifteen AIS girls with a left lumbar main curve, and seventeen AIS girls with a right thoracic main curve were compared. Statistical analyses were performed to investigate presumed differences between the three groups. This study showed kinematic and postural differences between mild AIS patients and controls such as static imbalance, a reduced range of motion in the frontal plane, and a different kinematic strategy in lateral bending. These differences mainly occurred in the same direction, whatever the type of scoliosis, and suggested that AIS patients behave similarly from a dynamic point of view.
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Roiz, Roberta de Melo, Enio Walker Azevedo Cacho, Manoela Macedo Pazinatto, Julia Guimarães Reis, Alberto Cliquet Jr, and Elizabeth M. A. Barasnevicius-Quagliato. "Gait analysis comparing Parkinson's disease with healthy elderly subjects." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 68, no. 1 (February 2010): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2010000100018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a lack of studies comparing the kinematics data of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) patients with healthy elder (HE) subjects, and when there is such research, it is not correlated to clinical measures. OBJECTIVE: To compare the spatio-temporal and kinematic parameters of Parkinsonian gait with the HE subjects group and measure the relation between these parameters and clinical instruments. METHOD: Twelve patients with IPD and fifteen HE subjects were recruited and evaluated for clinical instruments and gait analysis. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between HE group and the IPD group, in stride velocity, in stride length (SL), and in the hip joint kinematic data: on initial contact, on maximum extension during terminal contact and on maximum flexion during mid-swing. Regarding the clinical instruments there were significant correlated with in stride velocity and SL. CONCLUSION: Clinical instruments used did not present proper psychometric parameters to measure the IPD patient's gait, while the 3D system characterized it better.
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Onate, James, Nelson Cortes, Cailee Welch, and Bonnie Van Lunen. "Expert Versus Novice Interrater Reliability and Criterion Validity of the Landing Error Scoring System." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 19, no. 1 (February 2010): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.19.1.41.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context:A clinical assessment tool that would allow for efficient large-group screening is needed to identify individuals potentially at risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.Objective:To assess the criterion validity of a jumplanding assessment tool compared with 3-dimensional (3D) motion analysis and evaluate interrater reliability across an expert vs novice rater using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS).Design:Validity protocol.Setting:Controlled, laboratory.Participants:Nineteen female (age 19.58 ± .84 y, height 1.67 ± .05 m, mass 63.66 ± 10.11 kg) college soccer athletes volunteered.Main Outcome Measurement:Interrater reliability between expert rater (5 y LESS experience) vs novice rater (no LESS experience). LESS scores across 13 items and total score. 3D lower extremity kinematics were reduced to dichotomous values to match LESS items.Interventions:Participants performed drop-box landings from a 30-cm height with standard video-camera and 3D kinematic assessment.Results:Intrarater item reliability, assessed by kappa correlation, between novice and experienced LESS raters ranged from moderate to excellent (κ = .459–.875). Overall LESS score, assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient, was excellent (ICC2,1 = .835, P < .001). Statistically significant phi correlation (P < .05) was found between rater and 3D scores for knee-valgus range of motion; however, percent agreement between expert rater and 3D scores revealed excellent agreement (range of 84–100%) for ankle flexion at initial contact, knee-flexion range of motion, trunk flexion at maximum knee flexion, and foot position at initial contact for both external and internal rotation of tibia. Moderate agreement was found between rater and 3D scores for trunk flexion at initial contact, stance width less than shoulder width, knee valgus at initial contact, and knee-valgus range of motion.Conclusions:Our findings support moderate to excellent validity and excellent expert vs novice interrater reliability of the LESS to accurately assess 3D kinematic motion patterns. Future research should evaluate the efficacy of the LESS to assess individuals at risk for ACL injury.
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Dumlu, Ahmet, Mehran Mahboubkhah, Kagan Koray Ayten, and Gurkan Kalinay. "Mathematical Analysis and Design of a Novel 5-DOF 3D Printer Robotic System." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 28, no. 4 (August 24, 2022): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.31383.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, the mathematical analysis and design of a new 3D printer with 5 degrees of freedom were carried out. Thanks to the developed system, a new concept has been brought to the multi-axis 3D printer mechanisms, and thus, it is aimed to improve the part quality in additive manufacturing (AM) processes. As a result of adding the 4th and 5th axes to the moving platform of the system, the production time of the part was accelerated. It is also possible to print more complex and curved shapes with less support. To design a system with these features, first of all, the kinematic analysis of the system was obtained using vector algebra, and the workspace of the current printer was determined by considering the system constraints in this article. By giving detailed information about the mechanical and electrical components of the designed system, the working principle of the whole system is presented. According to the findings obtained in the studies, the kinematic analyses performed for the proposed system proved to be correct and a new system was proposed especially for additive manufacturing technologies.
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JOÃO, FILIPA, ANTÓNIO VELOSO, SANDRA AMADO, PAULO ARMADA-DA-SILVA, and ANA C. MAURÍCIO. "CAN GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE COMPENSATE FOR MARKER SKIN MOVEMENT IN RAT KINEMATICS?" Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 14, no. 05 (August 2014): 1450065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519414500651.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The motion of the skeletal estimated from skin attached marker-based motion capture(MOCAP) systems is known to be affected by significant bias caused by anatomical landmarks mislocation but especially by soft tissue artifacts (such as skin deformation and sliding, inertial effects and muscle contraction). As a consequence, the error associated with this bias can propagate to joint kinematics and kinetics data, particularly in small rodents. The purpose of this study was to perform a segmental kinematic analysis of the rat hindlimb during locomotion, using both global optimization as well as segmental optimization methods. Eight rats were evaluated for natural overground walking and motion of the right hindlimb was captured with an optoeletronic system while the animals walked in the track. Three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical analyses were carried out and hip, knee and ankle joint angular displacements and velocities were calculated. Comparison between both methods demonstrated that the magnitude of the kinematic error due to skin movement increases in the segmental optimization when compared with the global optimization method. The kinematic results assessed with the global optimization method matches more closely to the joint angles and ranges of motion calculated from bone-derived kinematics, being the knee and hip joints with more significant differences.
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Wu, Yan Jun, Yong Zhuo, Juan Peng, Xuan Wu, and Xin Zhao. "Kinematic Analysis and Simulation of MID Laser Direct Structuring Equipment." Advanced Materials Research 590 (November 2012): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.590.236.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Molded Interconnect Devices (MID) is an innovative technology in the field of mechatronics which abandons the conventional circuit boards and integrates the mechanical and electronic functions directly on the 3D injection molded thermoplastics. The Laser Direct Structuring (LDS) is the most efficient and advanced technology for the manufacrure of MID. In this paper, LDS technology and equipment have been introduced. Then through kinematic modeling analysis of the LDS equipment, getting the forward and inverse solution of laser focus position in the 3D space. And the LDS equipment processing path has been planned based on the kinematic analysis. Finally the simulation system of LDS has been developed based on Open CASCADE in order to inprove the processing efficiency and quality of MID.
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Sellers, W. I., and R. H. Crompton. "A system for 2- and 3D kinematic and kinetic analysis of locomotion, and its application to analysis of the energetic efficiency of jumping locomotion." Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie 80, no. 1 (November 29, 1994): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zma/80/1994/99.
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Khobkhun, Fuengfa, Mark A. Hollands, Jim Richards, and Amornpan Ajjimaporn. "Can We Accurately Measure Axial Segment Coordination during Turning Using Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs)?" Sensors 20, no. 9 (April 29, 2020): 2518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092518.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Camera-based 3D motion analysis systems are considered to be the gold standard for movement analysis. However, using such equipment in a clinical setting is prohibitive due to the expense and time-consuming nature of data collection and analysis. Therefore, Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) have been suggested as an alternative to measure movement in clinical settings. One area which is both important and challenging is the assessment of turning kinematics in individuals with movement disorders. This study aimed to validate the use of IMUs in the measurement of turning kinematics in healthy adults compared to a camera-based 3D motion analysis system. Data were collected from twelve participants using a Vicon motion analysis system which were compared with data from four IMUs placed on the forehead, middle thorax, and feet in order to determine accuracy and reliability. The results demonstrated that the IMU sensors produced reliable kinematic measures and showed excellent reliability (ICCs 0.80–0.98) and no significant differences were seen in paired t-tests in all parameters when comparing the two systems. This suggests that the IMU sensors provide a viable alternative to camera-based motion capture that could be used in isolation to gather data from individuals with movement disorders in clinical settings and real-life situations.
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Cai, Laisi, Dongwei Liu, and Ye Ma. "Placement Recommendations for Single Kinect-Based Motion Capture System in Unilateral Dynamic Motion Analysis." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9081076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Low-cost, portable, and easy-to-use Kinect-based systems achieved great popularity in out-of-the-lab motion analysis. The placement of a Kinect sensor significantly influences the accuracy in measuring kinematic parameters for dynamics tasks. We conducted an experiment to investigate the impact of sensor placement on the accuracy of upper limb kinematics during a typical upper limb functional task, the drinking task. Using a 3D motion capture system as the golden standard, we tested twenty-one Kinect positions with three different distances and seven orientations. Upper limb joint angles, including shoulder flexion/extension, shoulder adduction/abduction, shoulder internal/external rotation, and elbow flexion/extension angles, are calculated via our developed Kinect kinematic model and the UWA kinematic model for both the Kinect-based system and the 3D motion capture system. We extracted the angles at the point of the target achieved (PTA). The mean-absolute-error (MEA) with the standard represents the Kinect-based system’s performance. We conducted a two-way repeated measure ANOVA to explore the impacts of distance and orientation on the MEAs for all upper limb angles. There is a significant main effect for orientation. The main effects for distance and the interaction effects do not reach statistical significance. The post hoc test using LSD test for orientation shows that the effect of orientation is joint-dependent and plane-dependent. For a complex task (e.g., drinking), which involves body occlusions, placing a Kinect sensor right in front of a subject is not a good choice. We suggest that place a Kinect sensor at the contralateral side of a subject with the orientation around 30∘ to 45∘ for upper limb functional tasks. For all kinds of dynamic tasks, we put forward the following recommendations for the placement of a Kinect sensor. First, set an optimal sensor position for capture, making sure that all investigated joints are visible during the whole task. Second, sensor placement should avoid body occlusion at the maximum extension. Third, if an optimal location cannot be achieved in an out-of-the-lab environment, researchers could put the Kinect sensor at an optimal orientation by trading off the factor of distance. Last, for those need to assess functions of both limbs, the users can relocate the sensor and re-evaluate the functions of the other side once they finish evaluating functions of one side of a subject.
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CHEN, HAO-LING, TUNG-WU LU, and H. C. LIN. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF STEPPING OVER OBSTACLES IN YOUNG SUBJECTS." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 16, no. 03 (June 25, 2004): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237204000219.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A better understanding of the kinematics and control strategies adopted during obstacle crossing is essential for the prevention of injuries associated with falls in the elderly. The effects of obstacle height on the foot clearance, foot-obstacle distance and joint kinematics have presented significant controversy. This may be related to the selection of obstacle height, whether the obstacles are normalized to the leg length, and to the calculation of the foot-obstacle clearance, as well as the extraction of representative joint angles for the analysis. In this study, fourteen young healthy adults wearing 28 infrared retroreflective markers walked and crossed obstacles of heights of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of their leg lengths in a gait laboratory equipped with a 3D motion analysis system. Three-dimensional joint kinematics of the lower limb were calculated. Foot clearances were calculated using the heel and toe markers. The results suggested that young subjects maintained a constant margin of leading foot clearance when crossing higher obstacles (higher than 79.4mm) and a constant trailing foot clearance for all obstacle heights. Both toe-obstacle and heel-obstacle horizontal distances were not affected by obstacle height. Apart from the peak values, kinematic variables for the leading limb should be considered both when the toe and heel cross the obstacle while only those when the toe crosses the obstacle for the trailing limb. Not only in the sagittal plane, motions of the lower limb in the other two planes were also important when investigating the kinematics of the leading limb during obstacle crossing. The present study clarified some of the controversies in the literature of obstacle-crossing through careful comparisons of kinematic variables obtained from different study aspects. The results will be helpful for future studies to gain insight into the kinematics and control strategies adopted during obstacle-crossing.
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Fomin, Alexey. "The Synthesis, Designing and Analysis of the Spatial Mechanisms with Imposed Constraints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 756 (April 2015): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.756.495.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study provides structural synthesis, designing of 3D models and kinematic analysis of the developed spatial one-and two-movable mechanisms with imposed constraints. These mechanisms have an opportunity of technological application as mechanisms for cutting the complex internal surfaces of machine elements. The mechanisms produce a special kind of screw motion which is the most suitable means for cutting of complex spatial surfaces. Structural synthesis was based on mathematical solution of universal structural system where numbers of kinematic pairs and movable links were calculated. 3D-modelling analysis allowed to identify motion paths of their output links with machining tools. This investigation results gave an opportunity to analyze the tools motion, optimize their constructions and use of relevant parameters, and design their motions to obtain specified surfaces of machine elements.
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Yang, Dong Ya, and Jun Gong. "A Comprehensive Tolerancing System for 3D Mechanical Assemblies." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1289.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A comprehensive tolerancing system is presented with its design principle, system architecture and key functions. The following functional modules, automatic generation of dimension chain, equivalent variational mechanism (EVM) modeling and visualized 3D tolerance analysis, are described in detail. Design intent is expressed by assembly tolerance specifications, which may be added to the model and used in computing predicted quality levels. A comprehensive method, based on equivalent replacement, has been developed for modeling variations in 3D mechanical assemblies. The models are constructed of common engineering elements: dimension chain, kinematic joints, assembly datums, dimensional and geometric feature tolerances, and assembly tolerance limits. The method is consistent with engineering design practice and is well suited for integration with commercial CAD systems. To make the tolerancing system robust and efficient, new functionalities are added to well-known CAD software and simulation environment. Tested by many samples, this system shows good robustness and practicability.
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Kukko, A., H. Kaartinen, G. Osinski, and J. Hyyppä. "MODELLING PERMAFROST TERRAIN USING KINEMATIC, DUAL-WAVELENGTH LASER SCANNING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-2-2020 (August 3, 2020): 749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-2-2020-749-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In this paper we introduce the first dual-wavelength, kinematic backpack laser scanning system and its application on high resolution 3D terrain modelling of permafrost landforms. We discuss the data processing pipeline from acquisition to preparation, system calibration and terrain model process. Topographic information is vital for planning and monitoring tasks in urban planning, road construction for mass calculations, and mitigation of flood and wind related risks by structural design in coastal areas. 3D data gives possibility to understand natural processes inducing changes in the terrain, such as the cycles of thaw-freeze in permafrost regions. Through an application case on permafrost landforms in the Arctic we present the field practices and data processing applied, characterize the data output and discuss the precision and accuracy of the base station, trajectory and point cloud data. Two pulsed time of flight ranging, high performance mobile laser scanners were used in combination with a near navigation grade GNSS-IMU positioning on a kinematic backpack platform. The study shows that with a high-end system 15 mm absolute accuracy of 3D data could be achieved using PPP processing for the GNSS base station and multi-pass differential trajectory post-processing. The PPP solution shows millimetre level agreement (Easting 6 mm, Northing 4 mm, and elevation 8 mm standard deviations) for the base station coordinates over an 11 day period. The point cloud residual standard deviation for angular boresight misalignment was 27 mm. The absolute distance between ground surfaces from interactive analysis was 17 mm with 13 mm standard deviation (n = 64). The proposed backpack laser scanning provides accurate and precise 3D data and performance over considerable land surface area for detailed elevation modelling and analysis of the morphology of features of interest. The high density point cloud data permits fusion of the dual-wavelength lidar reflectance data into spectral products.
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Xia, Hongjian, Boxing Wang, Liping Chen, and Zhengdong Huang. "3D geometric constraint solving using the method of kinematic analysis." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 35, no. 7-8 (November 10, 2006): 711–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-006-0748-3.
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Bernaciková, Martina, Silvie Hlaváčová, and Miriam Kalichová. "Kineziologická a kinematická analýza tenisového podání pomocí povrchového EMG a SIMI Motion – kazuistika." Studia sportiva 5, no. 2 (December 19, 2011): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2011-2-7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the introduction, we described determinants of performance and we completely characterize the tennis serve. In our research, we carry out a kinematic and kinesiology analysis of tennis serve. Measurements were performed using 3D kinematic analysis system SIMI Motion and kinesiological analysis using DATA LOGGER MIE device, which measures the surface tension of the muscle. The result of the work can provide appropriate advice on treatment quality and the techniques of tennis serve which is clearly the most important tennis stroke.
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Guzik, Agnieszka, Mariusz Drużbicki, Lidia Perenc, and Justyna Podgórska-Bednarz. "Can an Observational Gait Scale Produce a Result Consistent with Symmetry Indexes Obtained from 3-Dimensional Gait Analysis?: A Concurrent Validity Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 4 (March 28, 2020): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040926.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To investigate whether a simple observational tool may be a substitute to the time-consuming and costly 3-dimensional (3D) analysis, the study applied the Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS), enabling assessment which is highly consistent with 3D gait parameters in patients after a stroke. The aim of this study was to determine whether, and to what extent, observational information obtained from WGS-based assessment can be applied to predict results of 3D gait analysis for selected symmetry indicators related to spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters. Fifty patients at a chronic stage of recovery post-stroke were enrolled in the study. The spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters were measured using a movement analysis system. The symmetry index (SI), was calculated for selected gait parameters. The patients’ gait was evaluated by means of the WGS. It was shown that stance % SI, as well as hip and knee flexion-extension range of motion SI can most effectively be substituted by WGS-based estimations (coefficient of determination exceeding 80%). It was shown that information acquired based on the WGS can be used to obtain results comparable to those achieved in 3D assessment for selected SIs of spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters. The study confirms that observation of gait using the WGS, which is an ordinal scale, is consistent with the selected aims of 3D assessment. Therefore, the scale can be used as a complementary tool in gait assessment.
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Semenov, Denis, Vyacheslav Shlyakhtov, and Aleksandr Rumyantsev. "Kinematic analysis of “Russian” circles in gymnastics." Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance 1, no. 4 (November 15, 2022): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55860/vdap7405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The kinematic analysis of the Russian wendeswing technique performance in different types of supporting surfaces was undertaken using the 3D Qualisys motion capture system. A high-level qualified gymnast performed 5 routines of three Russian circles on the floor and same on pommel horse. The average performance time of Russian circle on the floor was about 0.3 s less than the same skill performance time on pommel horse. The phase structure of each circle contained 4 hand steps of 0.3-0.4 s duration each. Russian circles control actions are performed through the arms. On floor there was a change of the shoulder joint angle in the range of 4° to 35°, whereas on pommel horse, the performance showed the shoulder joint angle range of 9° to 40°. In our research, the main difference between Russian circles performed on different apparatus was found in the positions and shifting of hip joints and the sacrum attached markers. On floor, the Russian circle performance showed a shift in the vertical sacrum marker in the range of 19 cm compared with 11 cm on pommel horse. The results indicated that floor circles demand higher rotation speed from the athlete and presumes bigger vertical hips shifting. On pommel horse, Russian circles performance registered a lower range of angular velocity and vertical hip shifting but had greater shoulder joint angle.
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Залюбовський, М. Г., І. В. Панасюк та В. В. Малишев. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КІНЕМАТИЧНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ МАШИНИ ДЛЯ ОБРОБКИ ДЕТАЛЕЙ З ДВОМА ЄМКОСТЯМИ, ЩО ВИКОНУЮТЬ СКЛАДНИЙ ПРОСТОРОВИЙ РУХ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 146, № 3 (11 січня 2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.3.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Investigation of the main kinematic parameters of a shredding machine with two moving tanks connected by a translational kinematic pair and performing complex spatial motion to be able to further predict the technological result at the design stage of such equipment and the corresponding technological operations of machining parts. Using the SolidWorks-2016 Motion computer-aided design system, 3D modeling was carried out, followed by kinematic analysis, of a machine for processing parts with two movable capacities, which are interconnected by a translational kinematic pair and perform complex spatial motion. The essence of kinematic analysis was to determine the linear velocities and accelerations of points that coincide with the ends of the working tanks of the machine. Based on 3D modeling and kinematic analysis in the SolsdWorks-2016 Motion computer-aided design system, some kinematic parameters of the machine are determined, in particular, the law of the change in the angular velocity of the driven shaft of the machine is obtained in the form of graphical dependencies, the change in the translational speed and translational acceleration of four points, which are conventionally located in the center, is studied the ends of each of the working capacities. The relationship between some kinematic parameters of the developed machine design with two moving capacities that perform complex spatial motion is established. It was found that the kinematic parameters of the two tanks of the machine differ from each other, as a result of which, during the execution of the corresponding technological operations, the intensity of movement of the working array in the two capacities will differ from each other. In addition, the ends of each of the working capacities move with almost the same kinematic parameters, which will facilitate the movement of the working array between the opposite ends of both tanks in opposite directions with the same intensity. The results obtained make it possible to determine the most rational functional purpose of the machine under study.
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Залюбовський, М. Г., І. В. Панасюк та В. В. Малишев. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КІНЕМАТИЧНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ МАШИНИ ДЛЯ ОБРОБКИ ДЕТАЛЕЙ З ДВОМА ЄМКОСТЯМИ, ЩО ВИКОНУЮТЬ СКЛАДНИЙ ПРОСТОРОВИЙ РУХ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 146, № 3 (11 січня 2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.3.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Investigation of the main kinematic parameters of a shredding machine with two moving tanks connected by a translational kinematic pair and performing complex spatial motion to be able to further predict the technological result at the design stage of such equipment and the corresponding technological operations of machining parts. Using the SolidWorks-2016 Motion computer-aided design system, 3D modeling was carried out, followed by kinematic analysis, of a machine for processing parts with two movable capacities, which are interconnected by a translational kinematic pair and perform complex spatial motion. The essence of kinematic analysis was to determine the linear velocities and accelerations of points that coincide with the ends of the working tanks of the machine. Based on 3D modeling and kinematic analysis in the SolsdWorks-2016 Motion computer-aided design system, some kinematic parameters of the machine are determined, in particular, the law of the change in the angular velocity of the driven shaft of the machine is obtained in the form of graphical dependencies, the change in the translational speed and translational acceleration of four points, which are conventionally located in the center, is studied the ends of each of the working capacities. The relationship between some kinematic parameters of the developed machine design with two moving capacities that perform complex spatial motion is established. It was found that the kinematic parameters of the two tanks of the machine differ from each other, as a result of which, during the execution of the corresponding technological operations, the intensity of movement of the working array in the two capacities will differ from each other. In addition, the ends of each of the working capacities move with almost the same kinematic parameters, which will facilitate the movement of the working array between the opposite ends of both tanks in opposite directions with the same intensity. The results obtained make it possible to determine the most rational functional purpose of the machine under study.
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Xiong, Tao, Liping Chen, Jianwan Ding, Yizhong Wu, and Wenjie Hou. "Recognition of Kinematic Joints of 3D Assembly Models Based on Reciprocal Screw Theory." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1761968.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reciprocal screw theory is used to recognize the kinematic joints of assemblies restricted by arbitrary combinations of geometry constraints. Kinematic analysis is common for reaching a satisfactory design. If a machine is large and the incidence of redesign frequent is high, then it becomes imperative to have fast analysis-redesign-reanalysis cycles. This work addresses this problem by providing recognition technology for converting a 3D assembly model into a kinematic joint model, which is represented by a graph of parts with kinematic joints among them. The three basic components of the geometric constraints are described in terms of wrench, and it is thus easy to model each common assembly constraint. At the same time, several different types of kinematic joints in practice are presented in terms of twist. For the reciprocal product of a twist and wrench, which is equal to zero, the geometry constraints can be converted into the corresponding kinematic joints as a result. To eliminate completely the redundant components of different geometry constraints that act upon the same part, the specific operation of a matrix space is applied. This ability is useful in supporting the kinematic design of properly constrained assemblies in CAD systems.
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Ni, Pengcheng, and Xi Luo. "3D Kinematic Analysis of Intelligent Vision Sensor Image in Football Training." Journal of Sensors 2021 (November 10, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3307902.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With its advantages of high precision, noncontact, and high intelligence, intelligent visual sensor detection technology meets the requirements for online detection of motion status and intelligent recognition of motion images during sports activities, and its applications are becoming more and more extensive. In order to deeply explore the feasibility of using intelligent vision sensor technology to analyze the three-dimensional action of football, this article uses algorithm analysis method, technology summary method, and physical assembly method, collects samples, analyzes the motion model, streamlines the algorithm, and then creates a model based on intelligent visual sensor technology that can analyze the three-dimensional movement in football training. After the experimental objects are selected, the model is established in the ADM environment. All athletes do a uniform motion, the standard input motion speed is 5 m/s, they all move in the opposite direction relative to their respective coordinate axes, and the motion time is 6 seconds. The results show that the movement curves of the athletes in the three coordinate axis directions are basically the same. When the exercise time is 6 seconds, the coordinate values of the athletes on the three coordinate axes are all 0.992 m. We set six intensities in the experiment: 5%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, and 55%. It can be found that as the noise intensity increases from 5% to 45%, the estimation error gradually increases, but as a whole, it is still at a relatively small level. It shows that the algorithm in this paper still has practical significance. It is basically realized that under the guidance of intelligent vision sensor technology, a model can be designed to successfully and efficiently analyze the three-dimensional movement pattern in training.
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Shen, Ye. "Kinematics Analysis on Fore- and Backhand Serve of Badminton." Applied Mechanics and Materials 540 (April 2014): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.540.317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
3D human kinematic measurement system was adopted in this study , this study compared the kinematic characteristic between forehand and backhand serve in three types. Seven male badminton players participated in this study. After analyzing the captured images, this study come to the conclusion as follows: (a) there are significant difference between the backhand and the forehand serve,and there are no difference between difference serve types within both forehand and backhand during back swing phase, (b) there are significant difference between the backhand and the forehand serve, and there are significant difference between short serve, high serve, and drive serve within both forehand and backhand, (c) there are significant difference between the backhand and the forehand serve, and there are significant difference between short serve, high serve, and drive serve within both forehand and backhand.
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van Kordelaar, Joost, Erwin E. H. van Wegen, Rinske H. M. Nijland, Jurriaan H. de Groot, Carel G. M. Meskers, Jaap Harlaar, and Gert Kwakkel. "Assessing Longitudinal Change in Coordination of the Paretic Upper Limb Using On-Site 3-Dimensional Kinematic Measurements." Physical Therapy 92, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20100341.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background and Purpose It is largely unknown how adaptive motor control of the paretic upper limb contributes to functional recovery after stroke. This paucity of knowledge emphasizes the need for longitudinal 3-dimensional (3D) kinematic studies with frequent measurements to establish changes in coordination after stroke. A portable 3D kinematic setup would facilitate the frequent follow-up of people poststroke. This case report shows how longitudinal kinematic changes of the upper limb can be measured at a patient's home using a portable 3D kinematic system in the first 6 months poststroke. Case Description The outcomes of the upper-limb section of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FMA), the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and 3D kinematic analyses were obtained from a 41-year-old man with a left hemispheric stroke. Three-dimensional kinematic data of the paretic upper limb were collected during a reach-to-grasp task using a portable motion tracker in 5 measurements during the first 6 months after stroke. Data from an individual who was healthy were used for comparison. Outcomes The FMA and ARAT scores showed nonlinear recovery profiles, accompanied by significant changes in kinematic outcomes over time poststroke. Specifically, elbow extension increased, forward trunk motion decreased, peak hand speed increased, peak hand opening increased, and peak hand opening occurred sooner after peak hand speed. Discussion This case report illustrates the feasibility of frequently repeated, on-site 3D kinematic measurements of the paretic upper limb. Early after stroke, task performance was mainly driven by adaptive motor control, whereas adaptations were mostly reduced at 26 weeks poststroke. The presented approach allows the investigation of what is changing in coordination and how these changes are related to the nonlinear pattern of improvements in body functions and activities after stroke.
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Lu, Zongxing, Chunguang Xu, Qinxue Pan, Xinyu Zhao, and Xinliang Li. "Inverse Kinematic Analysis and Evaluation of a Robot for Nondestructive Testing Application." Journal of Robotics 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/596327.
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The robot system has been utilized in the nondestructive testing field in recent years. However, only a few studies have focused on the application of ultrasonic testing for complex work pieces with the robot system. The inverse kinematics problem of the 6-DOF robot should be resolved before the ultrasonic testing task. A new effective solution for curved-surface scanning with a 6-DOF robot system is proposed in this study. A new arm-wrist separateness method is adopted to solve the inverse problem of the robot system. Eight solutions of the joint angles can be acquired with the proposed inverse kinematics method. The shortest distance rule is adopted to optimize the inverse kinematics solutions. The best joint-angle solution is identified. Furthermore, a 3D-application software is developed to simulate ultrasonic trajectory planning for complex-shape work pieces with a 6-DOF robot. Finally, the validity of the scanning method is verified based on the C-scan results of a work piece with a curved surface. The developed robot ultrasonic testing system is validated. The proposed method provides an effective solution to this problem and would greatly benefit the development of industrial nondestructive testing.
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Palermo, Eduardo, Darren Richard Hayes, Emanuele Francesco Russo, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, Alessandra Pacilli, and Serena Filoni. "Translational effects of robot-mediated therapy in subacute stroke patients: an experimental evaluation of upper limb motor recovery." PeerJ 6 (September 4, 2018): e5544. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5544.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Robot-mediated therapies enhance the recovery of post-stroke patients with motor deficits. Repetitive and repeatable exercises are essential for rehabilitation following brain damage or other disorders that impact the central nervous system, as plasticity permits to reorganize its neural structure, fostering motor relearning. Despite the fact that so many studies claim the validity of robot-mediated therapy in post-stroke patient rehabilitation, it is still difficult to assess to what extent its adoption improves the efficacy of traditional therapy in daily life, and also because most of the studies involved planar robots. In this paper, we report the effects of a 20-session-rehabilitation project involving the Armeo Power robot, an assistive exoskeleton to perform 3D upper limb movements, in addition to conventional rehabilitation therapy, on 10 subacute stroke survivors. Patients were evaluated through clinical scales and a kinematic assessment of the upper limbs, both pre- and post-treatment. A set of indices based on the patients’ 3D kinematic data, gathered from an optoelectronic system, was calculated. Statistical analysis showed a remarkable difference in most parameters between pre- and post-treatment. Significant correlations between the kinematic parameters and clinical scales were found. Our findings suggest that 3D robot-mediated rehabilitation, in addition to conventional therapy, could represent an effective means for the recovery of upper limb disability. Kinematic assessment may represent a valid tool for objectively evaluating the efficacy of the rehabilitation treatment.
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Li, Anqi, Antonino Marasco, Filippo Fraternali, Scott Trager, and Marc A. W. Verheijen. "A kinematic analysis of ionized extraplanar gas in the spiral galaxies NGC 3982 and NGC 4152." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 3013–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1043.
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ABSTRACT We present a kinematic study of ionized extraplanar gas in two low-inclination late-type galaxies (NGC 3982 and NGC 4152) using integral field spectroscopy data from the DiskMass H α sample. We first isolate the extraplanar gas emission by masking the H α flux from the regularly rotating disc. The extraplanar gas emission is then modelled in the 3D position–velocity domain using a parametric model described by three structural and four kinematic parameters. Best-fitting values for the model are determined via a Bayesian MCMC approach. The reliability and accuracy of our modelling method are carefully determined via tests using mock data. We detect ionized extraplanar gas in both galaxies, with scale heights $0.83^{+0.27}_{-0.40}\, \mathrm{kpc}$ (NGC 3982) and $1.87^{+0.43}_{-0.56}\, \mathrm{kpc}$ (NGC 4152) and flux fraction between the extraplanar gas and the regularly rotating gas within the disc of 27 and 15 per cent, respectively, consistent with previous determinations in other systems. We find lagging rotation of the ionized extraplanar gas in both galaxies, with vertical rotational gradients $-22.24^{+6.60}_{-13.13} \, \mathrm{km\, s^{-1}\, kpc^{-1}}$ and $-11.18^{+3.49}_{-4.06}\, \mathrm{km\, s^{-1}\, kpc^{-1}}$, respectively, and weak evidence for vertical and radial inflow in both galaxies. The above results are similar to the kinematics of the neutral extraplanar gas found in several galaxies, though this is the first time that 3D kinematic modelling of ionized extraplanar gas has been carried out. Our results are broadly consistent with a galactic fountain origin combined with gas accretion. However, a dynamical model is required to better understand the formation of ionized extraplanar gas.
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Escalona, José L., Pedro Urda, and Sergio Muñoz. "A Track Geometry Measuring System Based on Multibody Kinematics, Inertial Sensors and Computer Vision." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030683.
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This paper describes the kinematics used for the calculation of track geometric irregularities of a new Track Geometry Measuring System (TGMS) to be installed in railway vehicles. The TGMS includes a computer for data acquisition and process, a set of sensors including an inertial measuring unit (IMU, 3D gyroscope and 3D accelerometer), two video cameras and an encoder. The kinematic description, that is borrowed from the multibody dynamics analysis of railway vehicles used in computer simulation codes, is used to calculate the relative motion between the vehicle and the track, and also for the computer vision system and its calibration. The multibody framework is thus used to find the formulas that are needed to calculate the track irregularities (gauge, cross-level, alignment and vertical profile) as a function of sensor data. The TGMS has been experimentally tested in a 1:10 scaled vehicle and track specifically designed for this investigation. The geometric irregularities of a 90 m-scale track have been measured with an alternative and accurate method and the results are compared with the results of the TGMS. Results show a good agreement between both methods of calculation of the geometric irregularities.
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Danehkar, A. "3D spatio-kinematic modelling of Abell 48, a planetary nebula around a Wolf–Rayet [WN] star." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 1022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3735.
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ABSTRACT The planetary nebula (PN) Abell 48 (PN G029.0+00.4) is around a rare Wolf–Rayet [WN5] star whose stellar history is as yet unknown. Using the integral field observations of the H αλ6563 and [N ii] λ6584 line emissions, we conducted a comprehensive spatio-kinematic analysis of this PN. A three-dimensional spatio-kinematic ionization model was developed with the kinematic modelling tool shape to replicate the observed spatially resolved velocity channels and position–velocity diagrams. According to our kinematic analysis of the H α emission, this object possesses a deformed elliptic toroidal shell with an outer radius of 23 arcsec and a thickness of 15 arcsec associated with an integrated H α emission-line expansion of ∼35 ± 5 km s−1, a maximum poloidal expansion of around 70 ± 20 km s−1 at an inclination angle of ∼30° with respect to the line of sight, and a position angle of ∼130° measured from east towards north in the equatorial coordinate system. Furthermore, [N ii] kinematic modelling reveals the presence of narrow (∼3 arcsec) exterior low-ionization structures surrounding the main elliptical shell, which could have formed as a result of shock collisions with the interstellar medium. The torus-shaped morphology of this PN could be related to its unusual hydrogen-deficient [WN] nucleus that needs to be inspected further.
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Mândru, Dan, Olimpiu Tǎtar, Simona Noveanu, and Alexandru Ianoşi-Andreeva-Dimitrova. "Design and Modelling 4 DOFs Upper Limb Exoskeleton." Applied Mechanics and Materials 823 (January 2016): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.823.107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on upper limb’s biomechanisms, in this paper, a robotic rehabilitation system is presented. It is designed as a 4 DOFs wearable exoskeleton applicable for repetitive practice of passive or active movements of the arm in shoulder joint and forearm in elbow joint. The kinematic analysis of the proposed system is followed by the 3D model and a description of the developed prototype.
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Lux, Gregor, Marco Ulrich, Thomas Baker, Martin Hutterer, and Gunther Reinhart. "Analysis of non-geometric accuracy effects of articulated robots." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 44, no. 5 (August 21, 2017): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-12-2016-0354.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Articulated robots are widely used in industrial applications owing to their high repeatability accuracy. In terms of new applications such as robot-based inspection systems, the limitation is a lack of pose accuracy. Mostly, robot calibration approaches are used for the improvement of the pose accuracy. Such approaches however require a profound understanding of the determining effects. This paper aims to provide a non-destructive analysis method for the identification and characterisation of non-geometric accuracy effects in relation to the kinematic structure for the purpose of an accuracy enhancement. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is realised by a non-destructive method for rotational, uncoupled robot axes with the use of a 3D lasertracker. For each robot axis, the lasertracker position data for multiple reflectors are merged with the joint angles given by the robot controller. Based on this, the joint characteristics are determined. Furthermore, the influence of the kinematic structure is investigated. Findings This paper analyses the influence of the kinematic structure and non-geometric effects on the pose accuracy of standard articulated robots. The provided method is shown for two different industrial robots and presented effects incorporate tilting of the robot, torsional joint stiffness, hysteresis, influence of counter balance systems, as well as wear and damage. Practical implications Based on these results, an improved robot model for a better match between the mathematical description and the real robot system can be achieved by characterising non-geometric effects. In addition, wear and damages can be identified without a disassembly of the system. Originality/value The presented method for the analysis of non-geometric effects can be used in general for rotational, uncoupled robot axes. Furthermore, the investigated accuracy influencing effects can be taken into account to realise high-accuracy applications.
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Marouvo, Joel, Filipa Sousa, Orlando Fernandes, Maria António Castro, and Szczepan Paszkiel. "Gait Kinematics Analysis of Flatfoot Adults." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 7077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11157077.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Foot postural alignment has been associated with altered gait pattern. This study aims to investigate gait kinematic differences in flatfoot subjects’ regarding all lower limb segments compared to neutral foot subjects. Methods: A total of 31 participants were recruited (age: 23.26 yo ± 4.43; height: 1.70 m ± 0.98; weight: 75.14 kg ± 14.94). A total of 15 subjects were integrated into the flatfoot group, and the remaining 16 were placed in the neutral foot group. All of the particpants were screened using the Navicular Drop Test and Resting Calcaneal Stance Position test to characterize each group, and results were submitted to gait analysis using a MOCAP system. Results: Significant kinematic differences between groups were found for the ankle joint dorsiflexion, abduction, and internal and external rotation (p < 0.05). Additionally, significant differences were found for the knee flexion, extension, abduction, and external rotation peak values (p < 0.001). Significant differences were also found for the hip flexion, extension, external rotation, pelvis rotation values (p < 0.02). Several amplitude differences were found concerning ankle abduction/adduction, knee flexion/extension and abduction/adduction, hip flexion/extension and rotation, and pelvis rotation (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Flatfooted subjects showed kinematic changes in their gait patterns. The impact on this condition on locomotion biomechanical aspects is clinically essential, and 3D gait biomechanical analysis use could be advantageous in the early detection of health impairments related to foot posture.
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Yonghao, Jia, and Chen Xiulong. "Dynamic response analysis for multi-degrees-of-freedom parallel mechanisms with various types of three-dimensional clearance joints." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 18, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 172988142110177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17298814211017716.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For spatial multibody systems, the dynamic equations of multibody systems with compound clearance joints have a high level of nonlinearity. The coupling between different types of clearance joints may lead to abundant dynamic behavior. At present, the dynamic response analysis of the spatial parallel mechanism considering the three-dimensional (3D) compound clearance joint has not been reported. This work proposes a modeling method to investigate the influence of the 3D compound clearance joint on the dynamics characteristics of the spatial parallel mechanism. For this purpose, 3D kinematic models of spherical clearance joint and revolute joint with radial and axial clearances are derived. Contact force is described as normal contact and tangential friction and later introduced into the nonlinear dynamics model, which is established by the Lagrange multiplier technique and Jacobian of constraint matrix. The influences of compound clearance joint and initial misalignment of bearing axes on the system are analyzed. Furthermore, validation of dynamics model is evaluated by ADAMS and Newton–Euler method. This work provides an essential theoretical basis for studying the influences of 3D clearance joints on dynamic responses and nonlinear behavior of parallel mechanisms.
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SINCLAIR, J., E. ROONEY, R. NAEMI, S. ATKINS, and N. CHOCKALINGAM. "EFFECTS OF FOOTWEAR VARIATIONS ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL KINEMATICS AND TIBIAL ACCELERATIONS OF SPECIFIC MOVEMENTS IN AMERICAN FOOTBALL." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 17, no. 02 (March 2017): 1750026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519417500269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
American football is associated with a high rate of non-contact chronic injuries. Players are able to select from both high and low cut footwear. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the influence of high and low cut American football specific footwear on tibial accelerations and three-dimensional (3D) kinematics during three sport specific movements. Twelve male American football players performed three movements, run, cut and vertical jump whilst wearing both low and high cut footwear. 3D kinematics of the lower extremities were measured using an eight-camera motion analysis system alongside tibial acceleration parameters which were obtained using a shank mounted accelerometer. Tibial acceleration and 3D kinematic differences between the different footwear were examined using either repeated measures or Friedman’s ANOVA. Tibial accelerations were significantly greater in the low cut footwear in comparison to the high cut footwear for the run and cut movements. In addition, peak ankle eversion and tibial internal rotation parameters were shown to be significantly greater in the low cut footwear in the running and cutting movement conditions. The current study indicates that the utilization of low cut American football footwear for training/performance may place American footballers at increased risk from chronic injuries.
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Tashman, Scott, and William Anderst. "In-Vivo Measurement of Dynamic Joint Motion Using High Speed Biplane Radiography and CT: Application to Canine ACL Deficiency." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1559896.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dynamic assessment of three-dimensional (3D) skeletal kinematics is essential for understanding normal joint function as well as the effects of injury or disease. This paper presents a novel technique for measuring in-vivo skeletal kinematics that combines data collected from high-speed biplane radiography and static computed tomography (CT). The goals of the present study were to demonstrate that highly precise measurements can be obtained during dynamic movement studies employing high frame-rate biplane video-radiography, to develop a method for expressing joint kinematics in an anatomically relevant coordinate system and to demonstrate the application of this technique by calculating canine tibio-femoral kinematics during dynamic motion. The method consists of four components: the generation and acquisition of high frame rate biplane radiographs, identification and 3D tracking of implanted bone markers, CT-based coordinate system determination, and kinematic analysis routines for determining joint motion in anatomically based coordinates. Results from dynamic tracking of markers inserted in a phantom object showed the system bias was insignificant (−0.02 mm). The average precision in tracking implanted markers in-vivo was 0.064 mm for the distance between markers and 0.31° for the angles between markers. Across-trial standard deviations for tibio-femoral translations were similar for all three motion directions, averaging 0.14 mm (range 0.08 to 0.20 mm). Variability in tibio-femoral rotations was more dependent on rotation axis, with across-trial standard deviations averaging 1.71° for flexion/extension, 0.90° for internal/external rotation, and 0.40° for varus/valgus rotation. Advantages of this technique over traditional motion analysis methods include the elimination of skin motion artifacts, improved tracking precision and the ability to present results in a consistent anatomical reference frame.
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Ferdinands, Rene. "Kinetics Analysis of Pelvis, Thorax, and Bowling Arm in Cricket Bowling." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 49, no. 4 (2015): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) dynamics model of the human body was developed to analyze the motion of fast bowling in cricket. Nine fast bowlers (22.4 ± 3.2 years) were selected from high-level regional cricket to bowl a series of balls at a target placed approximately on a ‘good length’ in line with the wickets, while their bowling actions were captured by a 10-camera 240 Hz motion analysis system (Motion Analysis Corp.). Motion analysis data were obtained from the tracked markers on the bowler strategically placed on the body to define a 3D joint coordinate system for each segment. Two Bertec force plates were used to measure the ground reaction forces. The resulting kinematic and force plate data of the fastest ball were fed into a computer model designed using the Mechanical Systems Pack (Wolfram Research, Inc., V. 5.2), a set of Mathematica packages written for the analysis of spatial rigid body mechanisms, implementing a dynamics formulation with Lagrangian multipliers. The computer model gave a 3D representation of the human body as a system of 15 rigid body segments with mass and inertia properties. Inverse solution dynamics were calculated to generalize certain fundamental aspects of the pelvis, thorax and bowling arm during fast bowling. How to cite this article Ferdinands R. Kinetics Analysis of Pelvis, Thorax, and Bowling Arm in Cricket Bowling. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(4):159-163.
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Lee, A.-Young, Sin-Ae Park, Young-Jin Moon, and Ki-Cheol Son. "Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of Horticultural Activities for Postural Control and Balance Training." HortScience 53, no. 10 (October 2018): 1541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13361-18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study was to analyze the kinematic and kinetic characteristics of eight horticultural activities (HAs): digging, raking, sowing seeds, transplanting plants, near-distance weeding, far-distance weeding, low-height harvesting, and high-height harvesting. Twenty-four male university students (average age, 23.4 ± 2.9 years) participated in this study. Balance and postural stability factors [e.g., center of mass (CoM), ground reaction force (GRF), and center of pressure (CoP)] and postural control strategy factors (e.g., joint angles, joint moment, and muscle activation of the trunk and lower limbs) were assessed using a three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system, force platform, and surface electromyography. A total of eight HAs were distinguished in three motions: stepping, squatting, and stooping. In performing the eight HAs, CoM shifting occurred and balance of the subjects became unstable. These forced compensatory motor strategies to maintain balance by exertion of GRF from the two feet, movement of the CoP, and a combination of musculoskeletal system exercises of the lower limbs and trunk occurred. The kinematic and kinetic characteristics of lower limb motions were significantly different across the HAs (P = 0.05). The kinematic and kinetic characteristics of HAs were similar to those of the functional tasks during balance improvement training motions and activities of daily living. The current study provides useful reference data for developing a horticultural therapy program for balance improvement in patients who need physical rehabilitation.
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Ratiu, Mariana, Alexandru Rus, and Monica Loredana Balas. "Modeling in ADAMS of a 6R industrial robot." MATEC Web of Conferences 184 (2018): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818402006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we present the first steps in the process of the modeling in ADAMS MBS of MSC software of the mechanical system of an articulated robot, with six revolute joints. The geometric 3D CAD model of the robot, identical to the real model, in the PARASOLID format, is imported into ADAMS/View and then are presented the necessary steps for building the kinematic model of the robot. We conducted this work, in order to help us in our future research, which will consist of kinematic and dynamic analysis and optimization of the robot motion.
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Svoboda, Zdenek, Miroslav Janura, Patrik Kutilek, and Eva Janurova. "Relationships between movements of the lower limb joints and the pelvis in open and closed kinematic chains during a gait cycle." Journal of Human Kinetics 51, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractLots of athletic skills performed during practice or competition are initiated by the legs, where athletes either walk or run prior to executing specific skills. Kinematic chains are used to describe the relationships between body segments and joints during movement. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between movements of lower limb segments and the pelvis in open and closed kinematic chains while walking. The experimental group consisted of 32 males (age 23.3 ± 2.5 years, body mass 78.1 ± 8.7 kg, body height 182 ± 6 cm). For 3D analysis, an optoelectronic system Vicon MX (7 cameras, frequency 200 Hz) was used. Positioning of the segments was determined by the PlugInGait Model. Each participant executed five trials at speeds ranging from 1.38 to 1.52 m·s-1. The relationships between angle variables of the lower limbs and the pelvis in selected gait cycle phases were evaluated using STATISTICA software (version 10.0) and the Spearman correlation. The highest numbers of moderate and large correlations were found at opposite toe off, heel rise and initial contact for the sagittal and transversal planes in comparison to the frontal plane. The closed kinematic chain had a stronger impact on determining the movement pattern. The instructions or interventions focusing on closed kinematic chain alternation are more effective for changes in a movement pattern. The preferred limb initiates kinematics in the direction of propulsion, while the non-preferred limb in internal and external rotation.
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Li, Z. M., and D. Q. Yang. "Thermal Postbuckling Analysis of 3D Braided Composite Cylindrical Shells." Journal of Mechanics 26, no. 2 (June 2010): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100002975.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThermal postbuckling analysis is presented for 3D braided composite cylindrical shell of finite length subjected to a uniform temperature rise. Based on a micro-macro-mechanical model, a 3D braided composite may be as a cell system and the geometry of each cell is deeply dependent on its position in the cross-section of the cylindrical shell. The material properties of epoxy are expressed as a linear function of temperature. The governing equations are based on Reddy's higher order shear deformation shell theory with a von Kármán-Donnell-type of kinematic nonlinearity and including thermal effects. A singular perturbation technique is employed to determine the buckling temperatures and postbuckling behaviors of 3D braided composite cylindrical shells. The numerical illustrations concern the postbuckling behavior of perfect and imperfect, braided composite cylindrical shells with different values of geometric parameter and of fiber volume fraction. The results show that the shell has lower buckling temperatures and postbuckling equilibrium paths when the temperature-dependent properties are taken into account. The results reveal that the fiber volume fraction, braiding angle and the shell geometric parameter have a significant effect on the thermal buckling and postbuckling behavior of braided composite cylindrical shells.
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Ghirardelli, Stefano, Jessica L. Asay, Erika A. Leonardi, Tommaso Amoroso, Thomas P. Andriacchi, and Pier Francesco Indelli. "Kinematic Comparison between Medially Congruent and Posterior-Stabilized Third-Generation TKA Designs." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6010027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: This study compares knee kinematics in two groups of patients who have undergone primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using two different modern designs: medially congruent (MC) and posterior-stabilized (PS). The aim of the study is to demonstrate only minimal differences between the groups. Methods: Ten TKA patients (4 PS, 6 MC) with successful clinical outcomes were evaluated through 3D knee kinematics analysis performed using a multicamera optoelectronic system and a force platform. Extracted kinematic data included knee flexion angle at heel-strike (KFH), peak midstance knee flexion angle (MSKFA), maximum and minimum knee adduction angle (KAA), and knee rotational angle at heel-strike. Data were compared with a group of healthy controls. Results: There were no differences in preferred walking speed between MC and PS groups, but we found consistent differences in knee function. At heel-strike, the knee tended to be more flexed in the PS group compared to the MC group; the MSKFA tended to be higher in the PS group compared to the MC group. There was a significant fluctuation in KAA during the swing phase in the PS group compared to the MC group, PS patients showed a higher peak knee flexion moment compared to MC patients, and the PS group had significantly less peak internal rotation moments than the MC group. Conclusions: Modern, third-generation TKA designs failed to reproduce normal knee kinematics. MC knees tended to reproduce a more natural kinematic pattern at heel-strike and during axial rotation, while PS knees showed better kinematics during mid-flexion.
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Teufl, Taetz, Miezal, Lorenz, Pietschmann, Jöllenbeck, Fröhlich, and Bleser. "Towards an Inertial Sensor-Based Wearable Feedback System for Patients after Total Hip Arthroplasty: Validity and Applicability for Gait Classification with Gait Kinematics-Based Features." Sensors 19, no. 22 (November 16, 2019): 5006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19225006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA) suffer from lingering musculoskeletal restrictions. Three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis in combination with machine-learning approaches is used to detect these impairments. In this work, features from the 3D gait kinematics, spatio temporal parameters (Set 1) and joint angles (Set 2), of an inertial sensor (IMU) system are proposed as an input for a support vector machine (SVM) model, to differentiate impaired and non-impaired gait. The features were divided into two subsets. The IMU-based features were validated against an optical motion capture (OMC) system by means of 20 patients after THA and a healthy control group of 24 subjects. Then the SVM model was trained on both subsets. The validation of the IMU system-based kinematic features revealed root mean squared errors in the joint kinematics from 0.24° to 1.25°. The validity of the spatio-temporal gait parameters (STP) revealed a similarly high accuracy. The SVM models based on IMU data showed an accuracy of 87.2% (Set 1) and 97.0% (Set 2). The current work presents valid IMU-based features, employed in an SVM model for the classification of the gait of patients after THA and a healthy control. The study reveals that the features of Set 2 are more significant concerning the classification problem. The present IMU system proves its potential to provide accurate features for the incorporation in a mobile gait-feedback system for patients after THA.