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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "4005 Civil engineering"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "4005 Civil engineering"

1

IIMURA, Yutaka. "Toward the open-systematization of wooden civil engineering materials-Toward four million cubic meter of wood utilization in the civil engineering." Wood Preservation 38, no. 6 (2012): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5990/jwpa.38.244.

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2

Alder, Andy, Steve Hails, and Alex Vaughan. "Ensuring health, safety and well-being on the UK’s Thames Tideway tunnel programme." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 175, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jcien.21.00186.

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Due for completion in 2025, the £4.2 billion Thames Tideway tunnel programme is one of the largest and most complex civil engineering schemes in the world. This paper reports on how the delivery team ensured the health, safety and well-being of over 4000 people who worked on the programme during the first 6 years of its 9 year delivery. The team collaborated to create a strong safety culture, focusing on excellence in getting the basics right, sharing and adopting best practice, and learning from near misses and incidents. The result has been a very good level of safety performance.

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3

Guillen Bonilla, Guillen Bonilla, Rodríguez Betancourtt, Casillas Zamora, Sánchez Morales, Gildo Ortiz, and Guillen Bonilla. "Signal Analysis, Signal Demodulation and Numerical Simulation of a Quasi-Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor Based on FDM/WDM Techniques and Fabry-Pérot Interferometers." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 12, 2019): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081759.

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In civil engineering quasi-distributed optical fiber sensors are used for reinforced concrete monitoring, precast concrete monitoring, temperature monitoring, strain monitoring and temperature/strain monitoring. These quasi-distributed sensors necessarily apply some multiplexing technique. However, on many occasions, two or more multiplexing techniques are combined to increase the number of local sensors and then the cost of each sensing point is reduced. In this work, a signal analysis and a new signal demodulation algorithm are reported for a quasi-distributed optic fiber sensor system based on Frequency Division Multiplexing/Wavelength Division Multiplexing (FDM/WDM) and low-precision Fabry-Pérot interferometers. The mathematical analysis and the new algorithm optimize its design, its implementation, improve its functionality and reduce the cost per sensing point. The analysis was corroborated by simulating a quasi-distributed sensor in operation. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are in concordance. The optimization considers multiplexing techniques, signal demodulation, physical parameters, system noise, instrumentation, and detection technique. Based on our analysis and previous results reported, the optical sensing system can have more than 4000 local sensors and it has practical applications in civil engineering.

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4

Abbas, Sameer Sh, Muhanna M. Ahmed, Ali M. Abed, and Firas H. Al-Menshed. "Application of 2D and 3D Electrical Resistivity Imaging Techniques for Site Investigation in Ramadi City, Western Iraq." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1080, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1080/1/012011.

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Abstract Ramadi city, western Iraq, is considered an area with risks resulting from the presence of gypsum soil near the surface and the water table on shallow depth which facilitates the solubility of the soil and creates a weak area. So a dipole-dipole array with an n factor of 6 and a -spacing of 2 m was used. Ten 2D resistivity imaging traverses and 3D resistivity imaging station were done. The robust constrained inversion method is used to obtain 2D and 3D models. The results show that the topsoil layer extends to 2m depth with resistivity of 800 to 4000 Ωm. This is caused by high inhomogeneities in the deposits. The weakness zones and Depositional lenses appears after 2m depth and extent to 9m with resistivity value extend from 200 to 800 Ωm. Finally, it is concluded that four main reasons for civil engineering failure in Ramadi city. These reasons may be the inhomogeneity of the underground deposition material. In addition, the existence of weak areas and sedimentation lenses, and the change of water table.

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5

Nazmeeva, T. V. "Bearing capacity of compressed continuous and perforated thin-walled steel members of C-shaped cold-formed profiles." Magazine of Civil Engineering 40, no. 5 (August 2013): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5862/mce.40.5.

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6

Morgenthal, G., R. Sham, and A. Schwarz. "The 4000 tonne lift of Stonecutters Bridge steel back-spans, H.K." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering 161, no. 4 (December 2008): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/bren.2008.161.4.197.

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7

Wang, Jiachen, Zhilong He, Dantong Li, and Weifeng Wu. "Numerical Simulation of Vortex-Induced Vibration of TTR and SCR." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (May 22, 2022): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050708.

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Анотація:

Top tensioned risers (TTRs) and steel catenary risers (SCRs) have been widely used in the field of marine engineering. They are commonly used to transport fluids from subsea wells to surface platforms. Under the action of ocean currents, these risers are often subjected to vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs), which might lead to serious fatigue damage. In this study, VIV around TTR and SCR were numerically simulated using the computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT when the Reynolds number was 4000. In the calculations, the full hexahedron grid and large eddy simulation were used to ensure calculation accuracy from the boundary conditions, as well as solution control. The shape, frequency, and amplitude of VIV produced by TTRs and SCRs at different times and depths were simulated.

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8

Shoenberger, James E. "Construction of Stone Matrix Asphalt Section at Edwards Air Force Base." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1543, no. 1 (January 1996): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154300104.

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In February 1993, the U.S. Air Force Civil Engineering Support Agency asked the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station to provide technical assistance for construction of a stone matrix asphalt (SMA) pavement demonstration project at Edwards Air Force Base (AFB). In August 1993, approximately 0.8 km (0.5 mi) of SMA pavement was placed on a road at Edwards AFB. The SMA mixture contained crushed stone, natural sand, fly ash, cellulose fiber, and an AR-4000 asphalt cement. The following summer, it was reported that excessive amounts of bleeding had occurred in all wheelpaths. An inspection in August 1994 confirmed this finding, and it was noted that the bleeding was worse near the intersections. The SMA mixture apparently contained too much asphalt cement. Several factors contributed to the bleeding: (a) the SMA mixture as designed contained too many fines, especially in passing the No. 4 sieve, compared with current guidance from the National Asphalt Paving Association and others; (b) the void content of the mixture may have been inadequate; and (c) samples obtained from the in-place pavement had a finer grading and higher asphalt content than specified. The bleeding has caused concern; however, no maintenance has been performed on the SMA pavement and no measurable rutting has occurred in the wheelpaths.

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9

Cooper, R. W. "The River Danube: An Examination of Navigation on the River." Journal of Navigation 50, no. 1 (January 1997): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300023602.

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One of the definitions of Navigation that gets little attention in this Institute is ‘communication by canals and rivers’ (Oxford English Dictionary), and which our French friends call La Navigation. I have always found this subject fascinating, and have previously navigated the Rivers Mekong, Irrawaddy, Hooghly, Indus, Shatt-al-Arab, Savannah and Rhône. During the middle of 1995 I travelled by barge from the North Sea to the Black Sea via the River Rhine, the Rhein—Main—Donau—Kanal (RMDK) and the River Danube, a distance of approximately 4000 km. This voyage has only recently become possible with the opening of the connecting RMDK at the end of 1992, but has been made little use of because of the civil war in the former Yugoslavia.

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10

Kurniawan, Cyrilus Winatama, and Mahen Mahendran. "Elastic lateral buckling of cantilever Litesteel Beams under transverse loading." International Journal of Steel Structures 11, no. 4 (December 2011): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13296-011-4001-z.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "4005 Civil engineering"

1

Borgognoni, Rita. "Numerical analysis and experimental tests on reinforced concrete grid wall systems." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4002/.

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2

Huang, Dong-jie. "Composite beams : reliability and longitudinal shear resistance with profiled sheeting." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4045/.

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In this thesis, two problems have been studied: one is the reliability of design resistances of composite beams in bending, the other is the longitudinal shear resistances in concrete flanges of composite beams with profiled sheeting. For the first problem, a general theory is developed based on the concepts of safety-index and second-moment reliability, to analyse the reliability of a design resistance for composite structures. This theory consists of two basic parts: one is the determination of several distinct safety factors for a single resistance function, with respect to the specified safety level; the other is the assessment of safety level, corresponding to given safety factors. Application of this theory is related to the relevant test results. In the scope of Eurocode 4, this theory is particularly used to calibrate safety factors employed for design plastic bending resistances of composite beams. From the calculation based on 122 test results, the reliability of using the Eurocode provisions, including the recommended safety factors and the theoretical models, is judged for bending resistances of beams with full and partial shear connection. In studying the longitudinal shear resistances in concrete flanges of composite beams with and without profiled sheeting, a simple theory to determine the resistances is established. This theory is based on the "friction-cohesion" and "concrete strut" models for concrete in shear and takes the effect of profiled sheeting into account. Associated with the theoretical work, seven tests on three specimens for investigating the longitudinal shear resistances are reported. From both experimental results and theoretical calculation, the behaviour of the test specimens is studied, and, finally, new design recommendations are made to predict the longitudinal shear resistances of the composite beams.

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3

Chen, Shiming. "Instability of composite beams in hogging bending." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4009/.

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Анотація:

This work is concerned with local buckling and lateral distortional buckling, two aspects of instability that govern the design of composite beams in hogging regions. Local buckling in hogging regions of a continuous composite beam was modelled by moment curvature characteristics of a cantilever, modified by two curvature ratios, K1 and K2. Test based expressions for K1 and K2, in terms of a combined slenderness λc, were developed, and subsequently used in numerical analyses of 50 two-span composite beams to assess moment redistribution allowed for Class 2 beams by draft Eurocode 4. The analyses include effects of non-linear material properties, residual stresses and local buckling. The parametrical studies include adverse values, in relation to practice, of relative length of adjacent spans, span-to-depth ratio, and ratio of hogging to sagging moment of resistances. It is concluded that the redistribution of elastic bending moments allowed by the draft Eurocode 4 is safe and economical. Distortional lateral buckling of composite beams with both continuous and discrete U-frame actions was studied experimentally. Distortional lateral buckling was found in the tests of two composite beams with inverted U-frame actions. Web distortion was effectively reduced by vertical web stiffeners, which form a part of discrete U-frames together with the slab and the connection of U-frame. The work provides background to assess lateral buckling strength for composite beams with both continuous and discrete U-frame actions. A further theoretical approach on the topic of discrete inverted U-frame action was presented. Strength and stiffness of discrete U-frame connections were also studied. The strength of a discrete U-frame connection was found to be influenced by both the shear failure of concrete, and the yielding of steel top flange in the connection. A simple rule to assure strength of U-frame connections is proposed by checking these two failures separately. The prediction of shear failure of a U-frame connection is based on a truss model, and the prediction of failure in the steel top flange is based on a rigid plastic mechanism. A semi-empirical formula for flexibility of a U-frame connection was derived. They were all checked against test results. Interactive U-frame force and U-frame stiffness were also studied. A tentative design method for discrete U-frame composite beams was proposed.

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4

Lee, Jacob Scott. "Accuracy of a Simplified Analysis Model for Modern Skyscrapers." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4055.

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A new simplified skyscraper analysis model (SSAM) was developed and implemented in a spreadsheet to be used for preliminary skyscraper design and teaching purposes. The SSAM predicts linear and nonlinear response to gravity, wind, and seismic loading of "modern" skyscrapers which involve a core, megacolumns, outrigger trusses, belt trusses, and diagonals. The SSAM may be classified as a discrete method that constructs a reduced system stiffness matrix involving selected degrees of freedom (DOF's). The steps in the SSAM consist of: 1) determination of megacolumn areas, 2) construction of stiffness matrix, 3) calculation of lateral forces and displacements, and 4) calculation of stresses. Seven configurations of a generic skyscraper were used to compare the accuracy of the SSAM against a space frame finite element model. The SSAM was able to predict the existence of points of contraflexure in the deflected shape which are known to exist in modern skyscrapers. The accuracy of the SSAM was found to be very good for displacements (translations and rotations), and reasonably good for stress in configurations that exclude diagonals. The speed of execution, data preparation, data extraction, and optimization were found to be much faster with the SSAM than with general space frame finite element programs.

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5

Rau, Jeffrey Scott. "Design and Evaluation of Stepped Spillways for High Dams." DigitalCommons@USU, 1994. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4045.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate the hydraulic performance of stepped spillways. A thorough investigation was made of all printed material on stepped spillways, and a summary of this material is presented in the text. Data from experiments in the laboratory were used to develop a design procedure for stepped spillways and hydraulic jump stilling basins. The experimental study was conducted at Utah State University - Utah Water Research Laboratory in Logan, Utah. Four models were built and tested in the laboratory under various flowrates. The crest of the model spillway was constructed in the shape of a standard USBR nappe-shaped crest. Small steps were fitted to the crest so that the envelope of their tips just intersected the crest profile. These small steps allowed a smooth transition of the flow from the nappe-shaped crest to the constant slope region. Two slopes were tested in the research: 0.7H:1.0V and 0.5H:1.0V. At each of these slopes two sizes of steps were tested. Steps did not very in size down the face of the model, although step sizes varied on the different models. The model height and steps tested were for a dam with a prototype height of over 67 feet and steps in the 1-2 foot range. Diagrams and pictures of the four models tested are included in the text and appendix. Findings from the research showed that given a ratio of step height over critical depth (0.1201.897, the energy dissipation will remain in the 90% region, although there might be problems with the flow leaping away from the structure. Data on the models were slightly scattered, but all of the data from the four models agree to one energy loss graph. Support for these data showed a nearly perfect correlation in the downstream conjugate depths on all four models at similar flowrates. By using data obtained from the models and literature, a design process with guidelines for designing a stepped spillway is presented. This process includes crest design and step displacement in the transition region, approximate step size, and approximate slope necessary for adequate operation of the stepped spillway. By taking data collected from the models, and data from USBR design manuals for smooth spillways, a spreadsheet design process was created that compared the size of stilling basins required using either a smooth spillway or a stepped one. Results showed that given a unit flowrate range of 15 cfs/ft to 140 cfs/ft and spillway height of approximately 100 ft, the stilling basin volume was reduced by 62% to 43% respectively. This size reduction can translate to a considerable cost savings in prototype construction. This study, along with data from other researchers, has proven that a stepped spillway can greatly increase the amount of energy dissipation over that achieved on a standard smooth face spillway. The stepped concept can be used as an excellent energy dissipator and in some cases can totally remove the need for any type of dissipator at the toe of the spillway.

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6

Glick, Travis Bradley. "Utilizing High-Resolution Archived Transit Data to Study Before-and-After Travel-Speed and Travel-Time Conditions." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4065.

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Анотація:

Travel times, operating speeds, and service reliability influence costs and service attractiveness. This paper outlines an approach to quantify how these metrics change after a modification of roadway design or transit routes using archived transit data. The Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet), Portland's public transportation provider, archives automatic vehicle location (AVL) data for all buses as part of their bus dispatch system (BDS). This research combines three types of AVL data (stop event, stop disturbance, and high-resolution) to create a detailed account of transit behavior; this probe data gives insights into the behavior of transit as well as general traffic. The methodology also includes an updated approach for confidence intervals estimates that more accurately represent of range of speed and travel time percentile estimates. This methodology is applied to three test cases using a month of AVL data collected before and after the implementation of each roadway change. The results of the test cases highlight the broad applicability for this approach to before-and-after studies.

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7

Sumsion, Eric Scott. "Condition Assessment of Decommissioned Bridge Decks Treated with Waterproofing Membranes and Asphalt Overlays." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4009.

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The objective of this research was to assess the condition of four decommissioned bridge decks treated with waterproofing membranes and asphalt overlays following the completion of their service lives. Large samples were cut from each of the bridge decks immediately prior to demolition and taken to the Brigham Young University Highway Materials Laboratory, where extensive sampling and testing was performed. Methods used to evaluate the condition of the bridge deck samples included visual inspection, hammer sounding, Schmidt rebound hammer testing, resistivity testing, half-cell potential testing, linear polarization testing, cover depth measurement, and chloride concentration measurement. The samples were removed from four concrete bridge decks along the Interstate 15 corridor in Provo, Utah. One bridge deck was constructed in 1937, two were constructed in 1964, and one was constructed in 1984. Each of the bridge decks was constructed using conventional cast-in-place methods. With the exception of the 1984 bridge deck, which had epoxy-coated rebar, all of the bridge decks were reinforced with black bar. A waterproofing membrane was installed on each of the bridge decks in 1984, meaning each waterproofing membrane had been in service for 26 or 27 years at the time of sampling. With the exception of one of the bridges, which was in good condition after 26 years of service, each of the bridge decks sampled had successfully served for at least 46 years. Aside from asphalt maintenance, no rehabilitation was needed on any of the bridge decks following installation of the waterproofing membranes. Without the application of the waterproofing membranes, the chloride concentrations in the bridge decks likely would have been much higher. Additional exposure to chloride ions from deicing salts would have quickly increased the chloride concentration in the concrete above critical levels, which would have led to significant corrosion and bridge deck deterioration, prematurely. While the application of membranes as a bridge deck maintenance procedure has mostly been replaced by the use of epoxy-based polymer overlays, many bridge decks protected with membrane systems are still in service today. The research findings suggest that application of waterproofing membranes and asphalt overlays in a timely manner, before the accumulation of excessive amounts of chlorides within a deck, can be an effective approach for concrete bridge deck preservation.

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8

Beardall, James. "The Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Conventional and Engineered On-Site Wastewater Drain Fields." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4035.

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Анотація:

Utah State University Division of Environmental Engineering student, under the direction of Ms. Judith L. Sims, has investigated the fate of six pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in conventional and engineered on-site wastewater drain fields. The presence of PPCPs in the environment, especially in aquatic environments, has raised awareness to the effects of PPCPs on aquatic life and the fate of these PPCPs, and has caused regulators to become more involved in setting requirements for the removal of PPCPs from wastewater. This research investigated the fate of caffeine, acetaminophen, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, progesterone, and fluoxetine in laboratory scaled columns that simulate conventional pipe and gravel on-site wastewater drain fields as well as engineered columns similar to the pipe and gravel simulated columns, but with the addition of media below the gravel layer to enhance PPCP removal via sorption and biodegradation. Results from the month long experiment showed that sulfamethoxazole removal in the columns representing conventional systems peaked at 74%. The other PPCPs were non-detectable. Sulfamethoxazole removal increased to 81% in columns engineered with a layer of sphagnum peat moss beneath the gravel layer and below the method detection limit (5.5 ng/mL) in columns engineered with a layer of charred straw beneath the gravel layer. No other PPCPs analyzed from the engineered columns were detected. Batch experiments indicated that sorption is the main mechanism for PPCP removal with the exception of progesterone, where biodegradation is a major mechanism.

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9

Williams, David Michael. "Numerical modelling of real-time sub-structure testing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c2c9ff13-887f-4065-9ce6-1969375099c7.

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Анотація:

Current dynamic testing methods can prove unrealistic due to the scale at which test components are modelled, the rate at which they are loaded or the boundary conditions to which they are subjected. A new test method, termed "Real-Time Sub-Structure Testing" seeks to provide a more realistic testing environment for energy dissipative components. The method tests structural components at full or large scale and in real-time. The physical test interacts with a computer model of the structure surrounding the test component. In this way, the in-situ behaviour of the test component is evaluated in relation to the overall structural response. The testing method requires fast and realistic modelling of the surrounding structure and a rapid interaction with the physical test specimen. For these reasons, a new non-linear finite element method has been proposed in order to model the surrounding structure behaviour efficiently. The method uses the Central Difference Method time stepping integration scheme together with a newly devised basis. The proposed basis consists of the structure’s elastic modes and additional Ritz vectors, which are calculated from the inelastic static displacement shapes of the structure. The displacement shapes correspond to the same static spatial distribution of loading as the intended dynamic excitation, and are intended to characterise the inelastic behaviour of the structure. The method has been validated against a Newmark event to event algorithm as well as Drain2DX. The non-linear dynamic response of a propped cantilever beam and portal frame structure was investigated. The response evaluated by the algorithm agrees closely with both validation analyses. The new algorithm was also shown to be faster than the Newmark procedure in simple benchmark tests. In addition, a numerical model of the testing apparatus has been developed in order to simulate complete tests for the purposes of testing procedure development and validation. The model is developed using Matlab Simulink. Parameters for the model are deduced from published data, experimental component tests and open loop step response calibrations. The model behaviour was found to be very sensitive to the parameters used. However, after calibration against open loop tests the model reproduces the observed laboratory behaviour to a good degree of accuracy. In an attempt to predict the behaviour of an actual test, the laboratory model has been coupled with the new structural solution algorithm to simulate a virtual test. The simulated results compare well with experimentally observed data demonstrating the usefulness of the overall simulation as a test modelling tool.

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10

Tan, Samson. "A Dynamic, Probabilistic Fire Risk Model incorporating Technical, Human and Organizational Risks for High-rise Residential Buildings." Thesis, 2021. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/42814/.

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Анотація:

Fire events in high-rise residential buildings pose threats to both property and human life and upon investigation it is frequently revealed that the cause of a fire event is not simply due to technical errors. Often these investigations uncover human and organizational errors (HOEs) that contribute to fire risk and fire events. Many human factors identified in fire risk environments can be minimized through employee training and development while organizational factors, such as safety culture, can be changed over time through transformational interventions that shift existing mindsets. Probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) methods are modeling tools that allow fire risk professionals to estimate risk by computing several scenarios of what can go wrong, the likelihood of events occurring, and the consequences of the events. PRA often takes a fixed value of events occurring likelihood over the building design period, whereas it may change due to aging of a fire safety measure. PRA is an explicit methodology for complying with performance requirements of building codes, but existing PRA methods may underestimate safety risk levels by ignoring HOEs while focusing solely on technical risks and errors as well as not taking into account reliability changes over the time. In this work, a systematic review identifies HOEs that can potentially affect risk estimates in fire safety modelling of high-rise buildings. The importance and uniqueness of high-rise buildings is mainly due to the special nature of buildings where fire-fighting techniques require different safety measures than in other industries. In addition, the height of high-rise buildings and the increased number of occupants result in longer evacuation times than other types of buildings or industrial plants. Evacuation times are increased further when the number of stairways in these buildings is limited. A wide range of HOEs have been identified as impacting risk in various industries such as offshore oil production and nuclear plants, but not all these identified HOEs will be appropriate for high-rise buildings. Important factors are those that emerge consistently from different published sources supported by quantitative case studies of events such as the Grenfell Tower fire in London and the fire in the Lacrosse building fire in Melbourne. The linking of published HOEs with errors identified from high-rise building fire case studies uncover HOEs likely to influence risk estimates. Quantifications of the impact of HOEs on risk estimates in other industries indeed justify additional research and inclusion of HOEs for risk estimates in high-rise buildings. This work uniquely connects HOEs from various industries to likely HOEs associated with risks in high-rise buildings to address an important gap in the literature. The research provides empirical quantitative studies, theoretical framework, and guidelines demonstrating how HOEs risks can be distilled to improve PRAs of fires in high-rise buildings. To further address the gap, this work proposes a comprehensive Technical- Human-Organizational Risk (T-H-O-Risk) methodology to enhance existing PRA approaches by quantifying human and organizational risks. The methodology incorporates Bayesian Network (BN) analysis of HOEs and System Dynamics (SD) modeling for dynamic characterization of risk variations over time in high- rise residential buildings. Most current approaches assume that the relationships among HOEs are independent and current methods do not explain the interactions among these variables. An integrated T-H-O-Risk model overcomes this limitation by measuring causal relationships among variables and quantifying HOEs such as staff training, fire drill practices, safety culture and building maintenance. The model addresses the underestimation of risk resulting from not following the proper practices and regulations. Issues of selecting fire safety measures needed to reduce risk to an acceptable level are examined while evaluating the efficacy of active systems that are sensitive to HOEs. The methodology utilizes the “as low as reasonably practicable” (ALARP) principle in comparing risk acceptance for different case studies demonstrating the model’s value related to risk reduction with respect to initial designs of high-rise residential buildings. By incorporating both BN and SD techniques, the T-H-O-Risk model developed in this research evaluates HOEs dynamically in an innovative and integrated quantitative risk framework. This is possible by incorporating factors that vary with time since event tree/fault tree (ET/FT) and BN alone cannot deal with dynamic characteristics of the process variables and HOEs. The model includes risk variation over time which is significantly better than contemporary methods that only provide static values of risks. Initially three case studies are conducted with limited number of scenarios for the purpose of validation to demonstrate the application of this comprehensive approach to the designs of various high-rise residential buildings ranging from 18 to 24 stories. Societal risks are represented in F-N curves. Results show that in general, fire safety designs that do not consider HOEs underestimate the overall risks significantly which can reach 40% in some extreme cases. Furthermore, risks over time due to HOEs vary by as much as 30% over 10 years. A sensitivity analysis indicates that deficient training, poor safety culture and ineffective emergency plans have significant impact on overall risk. Subsequently, the application of the T-H-O-Risk methodology was expanded to seven designs of high-rise residential buildings (including earlier three) with 16 different technical solutions to quantify the impact of HOEs on different fire safety systems. The active systems considered are sprinklers, building occupant warning systems, smoke detectors, and smoke control systems. The results indicate that HOEs impact risks in active systems by approximately 20%, however, HOEs have a limited impact on passive fire protection systems. Large variations are observed in the reliability of active systems due to HOEs over time. Finally, sensitivity and uncertainty analyses of HOEs were carried out on three selected buildings from the above seven. The sensitivity analysis again indicates that deficient training, poor safety culture and ineffective emergency plans have significant impact on overall risk. The model also identifies multiple cases where tenable conditions are breached. A detailed uncertainty analysis is carried out using a Monte Carlo approach to isolate critical parameters affecting the risk levels. This research has developed a novel approach to enhance fire risk assessment methods using a holistic quantification of technical, human, and organizational risks for high-rise residential buildings which ultimately benefits future risk assessments providing more precise estimates. A significant contribution of this research involves the systematic identification of HOEs and their associated risks for consideration in future PRAs. By studying various trial designs, the impact of HOEs on fire safety systems is analyzed while demonstrating the robustness of the T-H-O-Risk methodology for high-rise buildings. The research lays foundations for next-generation building codes and risk assessment methods.

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Книги з теми "4005 Civil engineering"

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Sil, Arjun, Denise-Penelope N. Kontoni, and Rathish Kumar Pancharathi, eds. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4055-2.

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Частини книг з теми "4005 Civil engineering"

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Manish, Haveri, M. Swathi, and S. D. Anitha Kumari. "Behaviour of RC Frame Subjected to Fire Following Earthquake." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 335–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4005-3_28.

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Ashok kumar, H., and Visuvasam Joseph Antony. "Seismic Behaviour of RC Structure Under Disconnected Piled Raft System." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 365–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4005-3_31.

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Chandramouli, S. V., and N. Munirudrappa. "Analytical Study on Dynamic Coupling Interaction Effects Between Adjacent Building Structures." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 183–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4005-3_15.

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Dutta, Ashis Kumar, and Jagat Jyoti Mandal. "Dynamic Analysis of Deep Beams on Vlasov Foundation." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 287–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4005-3_24.

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Mishra, Swapnil, K. S. Rao, N. K. Gupta, and R. R. Dhamne. "Analysis of Urban Tunnels Under Different Loading Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 347–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4005-3_29.

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Burnwal, Monu Lal, and Prishati Raychowdhury. "A Comparative Study on Predictive Capability of Different SSI Models." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 193–205. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4005-3_16.

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Sreelakshmi, G., and M. N. Asha. "Application of Image Analysis to Investigate the Scale Effect of Open Driven Piles Under Different Infill Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 375–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4005-3_32.

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8

Krishna, S. Vinoda, and B. R. Jayalekshmi. "Seismic Response of Buildings Resting on Pile-Raft Foundation in Soft Soil." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 163–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4005-3_13.

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9

Chaudhary, Babloo, Hemanta Hazarika, Akira Murakami, and Kazunori Fujisawa. "Tsunami Resilient Foundation for Breakwater: Centrifuge Model Tests." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 41–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4005-3_4.

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10

Kalyanshetti, M. G., and S. A. Halkude. "Seismic Performance of Building Frames Considering Soil–Structure Interaction." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 207–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4005-3_17.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "4005 Civil engineering"

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Irias, X. J. "Applying Heuristics to Civil Engineering." In First International Symposium on Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis and Management (ICVRAM 2011); and Fifth International Symposium on Uncertainty Modeling and Anaylsis (ISUMA). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41170(400)60.

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Peralta, Ivonne T. "El Paso Texas: 400 Years of Engineering Progress at the Pass of the North." In Third National Congress on Civil Engineering History and Heritage. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40594(265)57.

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Frühling, Christian. "Basic Design Considerations for Arctic Submarine Concepts." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41288.

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The paper discusses basic design considerations for civil submarines which are supposed to be applied in ice covered waters. The vessels taken into consideration are in the range of 4000 t displacement with lengths of approx. 60–100 m. Main mission scenarios relate to installation, maintenance and repair of subsea equipment, sub-ice oil spill response, and sub-ice seismic. Topics covered in this paper are related to geographic boundary conditions, the basic hull layout, hydrodynamics in shallow ice covered waters, hydrodynamics under surfaced conditions, and cargo transportation. The paper closes with a conceptual design example for a multi-purpose submarine.

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Abbas, Aamer, Yaqoob Yaqoob, Ola Hussein, and Ibrahim Al-Ani. "Size Effect on the Bond Behavior of Grouted Reinforcing Bars Embedded in Light-weight Concrete." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.220.

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This study presents experimentally the bond behavior of light-weight concrete specimens with grouted reinforcing bars in comparison with conventional concrete specimens. A total of (9) pull-out specimens were studied; (3) specimens of conventional concrete, (3) specimens of light-weight concrete, and other (3) specimens of grouted light-weight concrete. Two variables are adopted in this investigation: specimen width and type of concrete (conventional concrete, light-weight concrete and grouted light-weight concrete). The study contains a discussion of the general behavior of the specimens in addition to the study of the ultimate bond capacity, maximum bond stresses and the relationship between the stress and the slip for different pull-out specimens. Results show that bond strength is highest for the largest specimen size (bond strength of grouted light-weight concrete specimen with specimen width 400 mm is higher than that of the specimen with (200 mm) width by about (13.13%)). Also, bond strength is highest for the grouted light-weight concrete specimen (bond strength of grouted light-weight concrete specimen is higher than conventional concrete specimen by (11.11%)).

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Abbas, Amjed, Muhannad Abbas, Ibrahim Al-Ani, and Havan Salman. "Investigating the Effect of Different Roughness on Velocity Pattern at a Reach of Shatt-Al-Arab." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.321.

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Shatt al-Arab River is the only international navigational river in Iraq, extending from the city of Qurna to its mouth in the Arabian Gulf at the city of Al-Fao within the governorate of Basrah for a length of approximately 204 km. Its width ranges from 400 m to 2000 m and its depth ranges from 8 m to 20 m. Since many years Shatt al-Arab River suffer from scouring at the right side (Iraqi side), that is led to displace the borders between Iraq and Iran (Al- Thalweg Line) towards Iraqi territory and thus led to loss of Iraqi land to Iran. Reducing flow velocity along the Iraqi side can led to reducing or preventing erosion in the right bank. Increasing the riverbed roughness will reduce the velocity of flow and then reducing the erosion. This principle was adopted in this study. In this research, a reach of Shatt Al-Arab with a length of 2.5 km located at 34 km northern Fao city was selected to represent the study area. A small area at the upstream of the reach mentioned earlier (700 m length) was selected and called strip in order to change the bed roughness for three different heights. This scenario was simulated with full scale (prototype scale) to investigate the effect of increasing the bed roughness on the velocity pattern at river cross sections and along the reach. The simulation done by using 3D numerical modeling CFD solver (ANSYS fluent 19). For each allocated area, as increasing the roughness height (ks), the longitudinal velocity (v) decreased at the right side by about 10% to 70% and increased by about 5% to 260% at left side along the river reach.

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Abugharara, Abdelsalam, Salum Mafazy, and Stephen Butt. "A New Approach for Rock Strength Estimation Through a Semi-Point Load Strength Index and Correlation With Destructive and Nondestructive Tests." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-81556.

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Abstract Multi scale projects of civil, mining, and oil and gas drilling require to determine rock strength as main property of surface and subsurface rocks for safe structures, economic mining operations, as well as drilling performance optimizations. The Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) as a main rock strength test is considered a time consuming for sample preparation, costly, and unaffordable. However, it is required for correlations for rock strength obtained from other tests. A semi-Point Load Strength Index (Semi-PLSI) is proposed in this research as a new approach to estimate rock strength. The objectives of this research include reducing testing costs, simplifying sample preparation and testing procedure, precisely localizing, stabilizing, and balancing specimens while testing, and improving accuracy and repeatability. For this test, various sample dimensions and length to diameter ratios are prepared from granite rock type. A 400 (kn) Geomechanics Frame is used for testing and an advanced data acquisition system is utilized for data recording. Data obtained from Semi-PLSI are correlated with data obtained from two main strength types including UCS that represent the shear fracture strength and indirect tensile strength (IT) that represent the tensile fracture strength. Data correlation also includes measurements of ultrasound primary and secondary wave velocities that represents nondestructive data measurements. The good correlation agreements and the verity ways of estimating the strength enrich this new approach of the Semi-PLSI proposed for UCS estimation and pave the road of more research.

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Yeh, Hung-Ping, Yuan-Che Chien, and Jia-Ying Tu. "Identification of Hysteresis Dynamics Using Duffing-Like and Bouc-Wen Models." In ASME 2016 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2016-9588.

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Two methods of identifying hysteresis behavior for dynamic systems is introduced and compared in this paper, which are Duffing-like and Bouc-Wen models. Many structural and mechanical systems including the unwanted hysteresis dynamics, such as rubber isolators, magnetoresistive sensors, and magnetorheological dampers, complicate the design, analysis, control, and application work. Hysteresis can be said a general property of dynamic systems, and many mathematical models have been proposed in the material, mechanical, and civil engineering literature, in order to identify the hysteresis dynamics. However, some of the models used in literature, including discontinuous and piecewise terms, are not able to duplicate the hysteresis dynamics accurately. In addition, the complicated and coupling effects of the parameters renders the identification work inefficient and inaccurate. As a result, these models still present difficulty in the process of mechanical design, parameter analysis, and control implementation. The innovative Duffing-like model has been proposed, which is developed based on the original Duffing equation and is a second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Parameters are decoupled in the model, such that the linear and nonlinear effects of the parameters on the hysteresis curve can be investigated. By adjusting the parameters individually, the stiffness, damping, and yielding dynamics are observed. By understanding the influence of each parameter, it is able to advance a standard process for identifying the hysteresis behavior for different dynamic systems. Therefore, in order to reflect the advantages of Duffing-like model, this paper compares the Duffing-like and Bouc-Wen models. Bouc-Wen model was proposed in literature since 1997, and a variety of modification, identification, and application work based on the Bouc-Wen model haven been discussed. However, the Bouc-Wen model is essentially a discontinuous equation and the parameters do not have explicit physical meaning. Therefore, the efficacy of control application using the Bouc-Wen model is very limited. In order to show can compare the Duffing-like and Bouc-Wen models, the parameter identification procedure and numerical simulation results are presented in the paper. In addition, the hysteresis system of a 400-N magnetorheological damper is used as an example for the identification and simulation study. The simulation results show that the Bouc-Wen model, which contains discontinuous functions and difficult-to-track parameters, is not able to provide a reliable basis for parameter tuning. In contract, the Duffing-like model allows the physical meaning of the parameters to be defined in a systematic manner.

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