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Статті в журналах з теми "4199 Other environmental sciences":
1
Tang, JunNi, MingSong Kang, HuanChun Chen, XianMing Shi, Rui Zhou, Juan Chen, and YiWu Du. "The staphylococcal nuclease prevents biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus and other biofilm-forming bacteria." Science China Life Sciences 54, no. 9 (July 21, 2011): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-011-4195-5.
2
Sancak, B., H. Cenk Mirza, B. Altun, and F. Tunçkanat. "Identification and distribution of anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens in a University Hospital: 4 years’ experience." Microbiology Independent Research Journal (MIR Journal) 9, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18527/2500-2236-2022-9-1-75-81.
Анотація:
Anaerobes, which are components of microbiota, can cause life-threatening infections. Because of their fastidious nature, they are difficult to isolate and are often overlooked. The goal of this study was to identify the anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens at the Central Laboratory of Hacettepe University Hospital in 2015-2018 and to evaluate the distribution of the isolated bacterial species among the different specimen types. The anaerobic bacteria isolated from the specimens were identified by the conventional methods and MALDI-TOF MS.Overall, 15,300 anaerobic cultures were studied. Of these, 14,434 (94.3%) were blood samples and 866 (5.7%) were other clinical specimens. A total of 138 anaerobic bacteria were isolated: 62 (44.9%) were isolated from blood samples and 76 (55.1%) from other specimens. The most isolated anaerobes from blood cultures were Bacteroides spp. (41.9%), followed by Cutibacterium acnes (25.8%) and Clostridium spp. (9.7%). The most isolated anaerobes from the other specimens were Gram-negative bacilli, including Bacteroides spp. (15.8%), Fusobacterium spp. (14.5%), Prevotella spp. (14.5%), and Porphyromonas spp. (2.6%). Anaerobic Finegoldia magna represented the major species among the isolated Gram-positive bacteria (10.5%). Anaerobic growth was observed in 0.4% of all the blood cultures and in 5.8% of the positive blood cultures. The results of our study showed that the incidence of anaerobic bacteremia was stable during the 2015-2018 period.
3
Budhathoki, Shyam Sundar, Melanie Hawkins, Gerald Elsworth, Michael T. Fahey, Jeevan Thapa, Sandeepa Karki, Lila Bahadur Basnet, Paras K. Pokharel, and Richard H. Osborne. "Use of the English Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) with Health Science University Students in Nepal: A Validity Testing Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 3241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063241.
Анотація:
Research evidence shows that health literacy development is a key factor influencing non-communicable diseases care and patient outcomes. Healthcare professionals with strong health literacy skills are essential for providing quality care. We aimed to report the validation testing of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) among health professional students in Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 419 health sciences students using the HLQ in Nepal. Validation testing and reporting were conducted using five sources outlined by ‘the 2014 Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing’. The average difficulty was lowest (17.4%) for Scale 4. Social support for health, and highest (51.9%) for Scale 6. Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers. One factor Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) model showed a good fit for Scale 2, Scale 7 and Scale 9 and a reasonable fit for Scale 3 and Scale 4. The restricted nine-factor CFA model showed a satisfactory level of fit. The use of HLQ is seen to be meaningful in Nepal and warrants translation into native Nepali and other dominant local languages with careful consideration of cultural appropriateness using cognitive interviews.
4
Avon, Dominique. "Hommes de religion, femmes, féminismes." École pratique des hautes études. Section des sciences religieuses, no. 129 (May 31, 2022): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/asr.4199.
5
Devita, Yeni, Yureya Nita, and Alfianur Alfianur. "Edukasi Pengenalan dan Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak dan Remaja di Panti Asuhan Anak Yatim/ Fakir Miskin Ar-Rahman Pekanbaru." JURNAL KREATIVITAS PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT (PKM) 5, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 2916–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jkpm.v5i9.7140.
Анотація:
ABSTRAK Kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak dan remaja saat ini marak terjadi. Kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak merupakan kasus seksual tertinggi dibandingkan kelompok usia lainnya. Menurut Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia tahun 2021 ada 3 kasus kekerasan tertinggi yang terjadi pada anak. Pada tahun 2020 kekerasan seksual pada anak sebanyak 419 kasus, dikuti dengan kekerasan fisik sebanyak 249 kasus dan kekerasan psikis sebanyak 119 kasus. Pengabdian Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan anak dan remaja tentang kekerasan seksual. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan metode ceramah dan diskusi. Hasil Kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan pada anak dan remaja Panti Asuhan Anak Yatim / Fakir Miskin Ar-Rahman Pekanbaru setelah pemberian edukasi terkait pengenalan dan pencegahan kekerasan seksual. Dibutuhkan berbagai upaya un tuk mencegah kekerasan seksual ini dari berbagai pihak yang terkait. Kata Kunci: Edukasi, Kekerasan Seksual, Anak, Remaja ABSTRACT Cases of sexual violence against children and adolescents are currently rife. Cases of child sexual violence are the highest sexual cases compared to other age groups. According to the Indonesian Child Protection Commission in 2021 there were 3 highest cases of violence that occurred against children. In2020, sexual violence against children was 419 cases, followed by physical violence in 249 cases and psychic violence in 119 cases. This Community Service aims to increase the knowledge of children and adolescents about sexual violence. This community service activity is carried out by the method of lectures and discussions. There is an increase in knowledge in children and adolescents of the Orphanage for Orphans / Poor People Ar-Rahman Pekanbaru after providing education related to the introduction and prevention of sexual violence. Various efforts are needed to prevent this sexual violence from various parties involved. Keywords: Education, Sexual Violence, Child, Adolescent
6
Kaminsky, Viacheslav, Tetiana Anoshina, and Tetiana Kolomiychenko. "Social and Medical Aspects of the Association HIV and Herpes Virus Infection in Pregnant Women." Family Medicine, no. 6 (December 30, 2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30841/2307-5112.6.2016.249003.
Анотація:
The objective: to evaluate the social and health aspects of the association of HIV and herpes infections (GVI) in pregnant women.
Patients and methods. Clinical and statistical analysis of 1177 individual cards of pregnant women with HIV for 5 years. The control group consisted of 200 pregnant women with physiological pregnancy.
Results. Analysis of individual cards of pregnant women with HIV found insufficient to TORCH-infection survey (74,7%). The frequency of herpes infections in HIV-infected patients was 42,3%. The most common laboratory revealed HSV1/2 – 41,9%, CMV – 22,4% and mixed infection (both HSV1/2 and CMV) – 28,1%, other types of AIT is quite rare. At 8,5% of pregnant women stated primary infection herpes viruses, 27,2% – the reactivation of infection. HIV infection is often associated with other infections: hepatitis, fungal infections, toxoplasmosis, papillomavirus infections, respiratory infections, infections of the genitourinary system. Fixed low social status of HIV-infected women with AIT, the presence of harmful habits, a high frequency of co-infections and low compliance to treatment, are additional factors of perinatal risk. History data indicate a high rate of abortions and missed abortion in women with HIV infection and GVI. Going the way of HIV infection with parenteral on sex strengthens the role of herpes virus infection as a cofactor transition from HIV to AIDS, and the development of perinatal complications. The current pregnancy burdened with 84,3% of women: high incidence of placental insufficiency (41,3%), the threat of miscarriage and preterm labor, fetal distress. Maternal mortality in 5 years was noted in 2 cases (0,1‰), both women were GVI, perinatal – in 12 cases, 8 (21,5‰) of them women with AIT. 12,1% of children were born in a state of severe asphyxia, malnutrition with 31,3%, from 3,8% of the children at the end of 1st day intrauterine diagnosed pneumonia.
Conclusions. The high frequency of co-infection of HIV and herpes viruses, joining other infections and comorbidity in these women, their low social adaptation, and susceptibility to treatment, the negative impact of herpes infection in the course of HIV infection, the condition of women during pregnancy, the fetus and the newborn, which requires individual approach to the management of women based on established medical and social aspects of the problem.
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Sadnyani, Dewa Ayu Ketut Oka, I. Gusti Agung Ayu Novi Wiraningrat, and Romy Windiyanto. "Efektivitas vaksin influenza terhadap kejadian rawat inap pada anak dengan influenza: sebuah tinjauan sistematik dan meta analisis." Intisari Sains Medis 13, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/ism.v13i3.1483.
Анотація:
Background: Influenza is a respiratory infection that is often experienced by children. Influenza particularly happens in developing countries with a high number of cases. Global influence on influenza vaccine research has now been carried out to reduce the incidence of inpatient and severe influenza complications.Objective: To examine the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine (EVI) on inpatient events related to influenza disease in children.Methods: Search for published scientific articles using the prism method (preferred reporting, items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis). The search was carried out on a PubMed database, Cochrane Library and Medline published in the last 10 years until 1st May 2022, about influenza vaccines on inpatient events related to influenza in children. All types of studies are included if the result is inpatient, respondents under the age of 18 and influenza infections are confirmed for the laboratory results. All analyses in our research were conducted using STATA V13.1 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX)Results: A randomized meta-analysis of 34 studies that use seasonal cohort and cross-sectional designs assesses the effectiveness of influenza vaccine (EVI) on inpatient events in children by 52.6% (95% CI: 50.9 -54,2) for all influenza. It was found that EVI was higher in influenza A/H1N1PDM09 at 70.0% (95%CI: 66.3-73.6) compared to Influenza A/H3n2 (38.9%; 95%CI: 31.8-46.1) and influenza B (46.7%; 95%CI: 41.9-51.4). According to the type of vaccine, EVI is obtained in the higher QIV type, which is 60.4% (95% CI: 55.3-65.5) compared to other types of vaccines.Conclusion: Based on the results of this meta-analysis reinforces evidence that shows that influenza vaccination is generally an effective action to prevent inpatient events related to influenza in children. Latar belakang: Penyakit influenza merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi pernapasan yang sering dialami anak-anak. Influenza khususnya terjadi negara berkembang dengan kondisi jumlah kasus yang masih tinggi. Untuk menurunkan kejadian rawat inap dan komplikasi penyakit infuenza yang berat, saat ini telah dilakukan penelitian vaksin influenza secara global.Tujuan: Untuk menelaah efektivitas vaksin influenza (EVI) terhadap kejadian rawat inap terkait penyakit influenza pada anak-anak.Metode: Penelusuran artikel-artikel ilmiah terpublikasi menggunakan metode PRISMA (Preferred Reporting, Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis). Pencarian dilakukan dengan basis data PubMed, Cochrane library dan Medline yang diterbitkan pada 10 tahun terakhir hingga bulan Mei 2022, tentang vaksin influenza terhadap kejadian rawat inap terkait penyakit influenza pada anak-anak. Semua jenis studi dimasukkan jika hasilnya adalah rawat inap, responden yang berumur di bawah 18 tahun dan infeksi influenza dikonfirmasi atas hasil laboratorium. Semua analisis dalam penelitian kami dilakukan dengan menggunakan Stata v13.1 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX)Hasil: Sebuah meta-analisis efek acak dari 34 studi yang menggunakan desain cohort dan cross-sectional musiman yang dikumpulkan menilai efektivitas vaksin influenza (EVI) terhadap kejadian rawat inap pada anak-anak sebesar 52,6% (95%CI: 50,9-54,2) untuk semua influenza. Diperoleh bahwa EVI lebih tinggi terhadap influenza A/H1N1pdm09 sebesar 70,0% (95%CI: 66,3-73,6) dibandingkan influenza A/H3N2 (38,9%; 95%CI: 31,8-46,1) dan influenza B (46,7%; 95%CI: 41,9-51,4). Berdasarkan jenis vaksin, diperoleh EVI pada jenis QIV lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 60,4% (95%CI: 55,3-65,5) dibandingkan dengan jenis vaksin lainnya.Simpulan: Berdasarkan hasil meta-analisis ini menguatkan bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa vaksinasi influenza umumnya adalah tindakan efektif untuk mencegah kejadian rawat inap terkait penyakit influenza pada anak-anak.
8
Ukegbu, A. U., P. U. Njoku, K. C. Metu, U. U. Onyeonoro, O. C. Obiechina, C. C. Ozurumba, and C. N. Ebidan. "Workplace Fire Safety: Knowledge and Preparedness in a Public Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Abia State, South East Nigeria." Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care 34, no. 2 (August 9, 2022): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcmphc.v34i2.7.
Анотація:
Background: Fire outbreak in a healthcare facility presents enormous challenge and a need for rapid response. The purpose of this study was to examine fire safety (FS) knowledge of workers and preparedness measures in Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 27 buildings and 310 employees from different units and departments, recruited by convenient non- probability sampling technique. A walk-through observational checklist and self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data which was analysed with SPSS software, version 20. Association between knowledge of FS and respondents’ working experience and FS training was measured using χ2- test. P ≤0.05 was assumed to be statistically significantResults: The highest proportion of participants were administrative staff 93 (30%), followed by medical doctors 80 (25.8%) and nurses 63 (20.3%). Only 28 (9.0%) had received training on FS, 109 (35.2%) knew how to operate a fire extinguisher, while 139 (41.9%) had knowledge of the location of fire extinguisher in their workplaces. Twenty-six (8.4%) knew the emergency number(s) to call if fire occurs. Only 107 (34.5%) of them had good knowledge of fire safety. Training on FS was significantly associated with knowledge of fire safety (p=0.026). All the buildings lacked necessary measures for FS.Conclusion: FS knowledge and level of preparedness were unsatisfactory in the hospital, which may constitute serious threat to the safety of workers and patients. The hospital management should implement regular FS training programmes for the workers to improve their knowledge, as well as put in place other FS measures.
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BAMIDELE, Olabisi Titilayo, Olatunde Olayanju, Martin Ehizode Emuze, Joel Olufunminiyi Akande, Nonso Nduka, Bola Joyce Eseile, Olanrewaju Olasehinde, and Modupe Akinrele Kuti. "Allele Frequencies of Apolipoprotein E in a South Western Nigerian population on HAART." Babcock University Medical Journal 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.38029/babcockunivmedj.v5i2.160.
Анотація:
Objective: Increasing evidence has shown that ApoE polymorphism is associated with the early onset of cardiovascular and neurological diseases in patients on HAART. The frequency of occurrence of the alleles and the genotypes vary by race and population. The study describes the pattern seen among adults in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 124 randomly selected HIV-infected persons on protease inhibitor therapy who receive care at the adult antiretroviral clinic of the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. DNA was extracted from leucocytes using EDTA blood. ApoE genotypes were determined using the Seeplex ApoE ACE genotyping kit. The epidemiological distribution of apoE is figured with a pie graph. Results: About four-fifth (79%) of the participants were females while about two-thirds (68%) were below 50 years of age. The most frequently occurring allele was the ε3 allele (82.2%) and the most common ApoE genotype observed was ε3/ε3. This genotype was present in 52 (41.9%) of the participants. At least one allele of Apo ε2, Apo ε3, and Apo ε4 was present in 28(22.5%), 102 (82.2%), and 50 (40.3) of the study participants respectively. Homozygosity for Apo ε2 and Apo ε4 was observed in 4.8% and 8.0% of participants respectively. Conclusions: Allelic frequency seen is similar to that described in other studied populations and the frequency of genotypes observed was also similar to those described among world populations with a higher observation of ApoE4 allele as seen in people of African descent.
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Carvalho, Gustavo de Araújo, Peter J. Minnett, Nelson F. F. Ebecken, and Luiz Landau. "Classification of Oil Slicks and Look-Alike Slicks: A Linear Discriminant Analysis of Microwave, Infrared, and Optical Satellite Measurements." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (June 28, 2020): 2078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132078.
Анотація:
We classify low-backscatter regions observed in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) measurements of the surface of the ocean as either oil slicks or look-alike slicks (radar false targets). Our proposed classification algorithm is based on Linear Discriminant Analyses (LDAs) of RADARSAT-1 measurements (402 scenes off the southeast coast of Brazil from July 2001 to June 2003) and Meteorological-Oceanographic (MetOc) data from other earth observation sensors: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT). Oil slicks are sea-surface expressions of exploration and production oil, ship- and orphan-spills. False targets are associated with environmental phenomena, such as biogenic films, algal blooms, upwelling, low wind, or rain cells. Both categories have been interpreted by domain-experts: mineral oil (n = 350; 45.5%) and petroleum free (n = 419; 54.5%). We explore nine size variables (area, perimeter, etc.) and three types of MetOc information (sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a, and wind speed) that describe the 769 samples analyzed. Seven attribute–domain combinations are tested with three non-linear transformations (none, cube root, log10), with and without MetOc, adding to 39 attribute subdivisions. Classification accuracies are independent of data transformation and improve when selected size attributes are combined with MetOc, leading to overall accuracies of ~80% and sound levels of sensitivity (~90%), specificity (~80%), positive (~80%) and negative (~90%) predictive values. The effectiveness of this data-driven attempt supports further commercial or academic implementation of our LDA algorithm.
Дисертації з теми "4199 Other environmental sciences":
1
Franks, Aaron. "Making relations and performing politics : an ethnographic study of climate justice in Scotland with So We Stand." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4199/.
Анотація:
This ethnographic study, informed by the “cuts” of relational space and performance, chronicles the improvisation by the small UK social movement So We Stand of an expansive yet locally relevant ‘climate justice’ politics in the Central Belt of Scotland. Having been an embedded participant/observer in So We Stand (SWS) from August 2009 to November 2010, I draw from various materials – academic literature, extensive notes, interviews and the tools of applied theatre as research – to explore the organisational, temporal and spatial contours of the group’s activities, identities, ideas and affective encounters. I present this exploration as a set of thematically-linked stories. Extensive reviews of the literatures on relational space, social movements, performance and performativity first establish the theoretical conventions through which SWS’ tale is told. As we enter the ‘field’, we begin to see the processual development of SWS as a performance where affective encounters, in the generative space between declarative identities and lived practice, reshape members’ and allies’ ideas, feelings and imaginings of climate justice. Climate justice as a mesh of interlocked concerns, stemming from the extraction-exploitation nexus of the carbon economy (past and present), is spaced and placed through interactive planning and reflection practices, including an applied theatre workshop inspired by the work of social theatre maker Augusto Boal and popular educator Paolo Freire. Throughout this narrative, our attention is drawn to what has been called a “micro-geopolitics”, and the constant iterations between “holding on” and “going further” that are essential to both ontological safety and political change. In the process questions are raised and tackled about how political subjectivities emerge and come together, how ethico-political relations are actively created and sustained, and vitally, the contradiction-laden role of climate change itself, as just one player among many in the emergent performance of climate justice.
2
Linder, Jan. "Fatigue strength of engineering materials - the influence of environment and porosity : the use of linear elastic fracture mechanics to assess the influence of environment and porosity on the fatigue strength for engineering materials /." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4195.
Анотація:
The objective of this work was to use LEFM in order to assess the detrimental influence of surrounding chloride-containing environments for stainless steels, hardened steel as well as for a cast aluminium alloy. An additional aim was also to use LEFM to assess the influence of porosity on the fatigue properties for different commercial cast aluminium alloys and manufacturing methods. The environmental influence on fatigue performance was mainly evaluated from fatigue crack growth measurements using compact tension (CT) specimens. In addition, fatigue performance in the high cycle regime was studied using spot welded specimens and smooth specimens. Corrosion fatigue tests for stainless steels were performed in different chloride-containing aqueous solutions and compared to the behaviour in air. Variables, which have been investigated, included temperature, redox potential and fatigue test frequency. The environmental influence on fatigue performance has also been compared to localised corrosion properties. Fatigue crack propagation rates were found to be higher in 3% NaCl than in air for all stainless steels investigated. The highest alloyed austenitic steel, 654SMO, showed the least influence of the environment. For duplex stainless steels the environment enhanced fatigue crack propagation rate to a higher degree than for austenitic stainless steels. This is explained by a material-dependent corrosion fatigue mechanism. In the high cycle regime, fatigue properties for spot welded stainless steels specimens were found to be decreased between 30%-40% due to the presence of 3% NaCl. For the hardened steel 100CrMnMo8 a fracture mechanics approach was employed for prediction of corrosion fatigue properties. In this model corrosion pit growth rate and the threshold stress intensity factor for fatigue crack propagation are needed as input parameters. For the high pressure die cast aluminium alloy the environmental influence of fatigue initiation through pre-exposure of smooth specimens was studied. Depending on environment used for pre-exposure, fatigue strength was found to be reduced by up to 50 % compared to the fatigue strength in air. Fatigue strength reduction was clearly associated to corrosion pits in the aluminium material. A fracture mechanics model was further successfully used to predict the environmental influence. The influence of porosity on the fatigue strength for the cast aluminium alloys tested has been described by a Kitagawa diagram. In design, the Kitagawa diagram can be used to predict the largest allowable pore size if the load situation in the component is known. The size of the porosity could either be evaluated directly from x-ray images or from metallographic prepared cross-sections using a method of extreme value analysisQC 20100907
3
Aich, Sumanjit. "Analysis of fractured terrain using remote sensing and geographic information systems : establishing a correlation between fracture network properties and vegetation." FIU Digital Commons, 2005. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1165.
Анотація:
This research analyzed the spatial relationship between a mega-scale fracture network and the occurrence of vegetation in an arid region. High-resolution aerial photographs of Arches National Park, Utah were used for digital image processing. Four sets of large-scale joints were digitized from the rectified color photograph in order to characterize the geospatial properties of the fracture network with the aid of a Geographic Information System. An unsupervised landcover classification was carried out to identify the spatial distribution of vegetation on the fractured outcrop. Results of this study confirm that the WNW-ESE alignment of vegetation is dominantly controlled by the spatial distribution of the systematic joint set, which in turn parallels the regional fold axis. This research provides insight into the spatial heterogeneity inherent to fracture networks, as well as the effects of jointing on the distribution of surface vegetation in desert environments.
4
Anderson, Carolyn J. "Development and evaluation of a geographic information system based method to estimate flooding susceptibility in an area of Broward County, Florida." FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1285.
Анотація:
The objective of this study was to develop a GIS-based multi-class index overlay model to determine areas susceptible to inland flooding during extreme precipitation events in Broward County, Florida. Data layers used in the method include Airborne Laser Terrain Mapper (ALTM) elevation data, excess precipitation depth determined through performing a Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Curve Number (CN) analysis, and the slope of the terrain. The method includes a calibration procedure that uses "weights and scores" criteria obtained from Hurricane Irene (1999) records, a reported 100-year precipitation event, Doppler radar data and documented flooding locations. Results are displayed in maps of Eastern Broward County depicting types of flooding scenarios for a 100-year, 24-hour storm based on the soil saturation conditions. As expected the results of the multi-class index overlay analysis showed that an increase for the potential of inland flooding could be expected when a higher antecedent moisture condition is experienced. The proposed method proves to have some potential as a predictive tool for flooding susceptibility based on a relatively simple approach.
5
White, James S. "Great Salt Lake Past and Present: Elevation and Salinity Changes to Utah's Great Salt Lake from Railroad Causeway Alterations." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4588.
Анотація:
In 1959, Union Pacific Railroad constructed a rock-filled causeway bisecting Utah’s Great Salt Lake, separating the lake into a north and south arm. Flow between the two arms was limited to two 4.6 meter wide culverts installed during original construction, an 88 meter breach opening installed in 1984, and the semi porous boulder and gravel causeway material. The south arm receives nearly all streamflows entering Great Salt Lake and a salinity gradient between the two arms developed over time. North arm salinity is often at or near saturation, averaging 317 g\L since 1966, while the south is considerably less saline, averaging 142 g\L since 1966. Ecological and industrial uses of the lake depend on salinity levels staying within physiologic and economic thresholds. Union Pacific Railroad proposed to replace aging culverts with a bridge, and provided four alternative bridge designs. Northern Utah’s variable climate complicates management of the causeway, where lake elevation and salinity are affected by wet and dry periods. Understanding the historical duration, magnitude, and frequency of wet and dry periods can inform future management decisions. I model the effect of each proposed bridge design on Great Salt Lake salinity and elevation in both arms by updating and applying US Geological Survey’s Great Salt Lake Fortran Model. I used measured historical streamflow and a 400-year tree-ring paleo-streamflow reconstruction to understand lake elevation and salinity sensitivity to longer-term climate variability. The model accurately simulates historical lake elevation and salinity and is sensitive to proposed bridge designs. Bridge alternatives vary salinity by 20 g\L within each arm using historical 1966-2012 conditions. When the model was run with the 400-year paleo-reconstructed hydrology, I find that the 20th century had the lowest average lake level of any century since 1600, and that 20th century floods were smaller than in previous centuries, both in terms of length and magnitude. With the 400-year paleo-streamflow model, differences of south arm salinity between bridge alternatives increase considerably through time, where alternative D results in salinity up to 100 g/l less than alternative A and that the current condition of the causeway would result in a fundamental change in Great Salt Lake characteristics, with the south arm approaching freshwater conditions at times. This research demonstrates that mass balance models are useful to predict management effects on terminal lake ecosystems, and provides a unique approach to reconstruct terminal lake paleo-salinity.
6
Bell, Stephanie K. "Assessment of silicone polymer composites for the trace extraction of herbicides : a tool for environmental forensics." FIU Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1482.
Анотація:
Passive samplers are not only a versatile tool to integrate environmental concentrations of pollutants, but also to avoid the use of live sentinel organisms for environmental monitoring. This study introduced the use of magnetic silicone polymer composites (Fe-PDMS) as passive sampling media to pre-concentrate a wide range of analytes from environmental settings. The composite samplers were assessed for their accumulation properties by performing lab experiments with two model herbicides (Atrazine and Irgarol 1051) and evaluated for their uptake properties from environmental settings (waters and sediments). The Fe-PDMS composites showed good accumulation of herbicides and pesticides from both freshwater and saltwater settings and the accumulation mechanism was positively correlated with the log Kow value of individual analytes. Results from the studies show that these composites could be easily used for a wide number of applications such as monitoring, cleanup, and/or bioaccumulation modeling, and as a non-intrusive and nondestructive monitoring tool for environmental forensic purposes.
7
Gross, Howard P. "Evaluation of Lake Fertilization as a Tool to Assist in the Recovery of the Snake River Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka)." DigitalCommons@USU, 1995. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6972.
Анотація:
I analyzed lake fertilization (with nitrogen and phosphorus) as a tool to assist in the recovery of the Snake River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus ~) in the oligotrophic Sawtooth Valley Lakes in southcentral Idaho. These analyses involved monitoring, manipulating, and modelling several aspects of the lakes' primary producer, nutrient, and light parameters.
In Pettit Lake, I evaluated the effects of metalimnetic and epilimnetic fertilization in 330-m 3 mesocosms. The metalimnetic treatment was equal to or more effective than the epilimnetic treatment in increasing chlorophyll a, phytoplankton biovolume, and primary productivity, yet caused smaller changes in periphyton growth and water clarity. Thus, metalirnnetic fertilization may provide a tool for increasing lake productivity while minimally impacting water clarity.
The Sawtooth Valley Lakes had deep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) with mean chlorophyll a peaks 240-1000% of mean epilimnetic concentrations. The DCM existed at low light levels and accounted for 36- 72% of the lakes' primary production. Epilimnetic fertilization of330-m 3 mesocosms in Redfish Lake increased levels of primary productivity and chlorophyll a, but decreased Secchi depths and light available in the meta- and hypolimnion. I modelled the effects of increased chlorophyll (resulting from epilimnetic fertilization) and decreased light penetration on vertical primary productivity profiles. The simulations showed a large increase in epilimnetic primary productivity due to fertilization, and only a slight decrease in production in the deeper strata due to self-shading.
I also modelled the dependence of Red fish Lake's production on nutrients from the watershed, from lake fertilization, and from marine-derived nutrients from salmon. The model utilized our water budget and nutrient loading measurements. The model and empirical evidence indicated that even before hydropower dams were present in the migration corridor, marine-derived nutrients were not of major importance to lake production, contributing only ~3% of the lake's annual phosphorus load. This contribution was partially offset by the lake's quick flushing rate (3 yr) and phosphorus export by smolts. The model predicted annual adult salmon returns to be 3,800 under pre-dam conditions, 370 under modern conditions, 750 when doubling watershed nutrient loading (simulating lake fertilization), and 780 when doubling migration survival.
8
Persaud, Ann Rebecca. "Still Waters Run Deep: Landscaping Practices, Community Perceptions, and Social Indicators for Stormwater Nonpoint Source Pollution Management in Manatee County, Florida." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5102.
Анотація:
Stormwater nonpoint source pollution (NPSP) is a result of diffuse sources of pollutants transported by rainfall and surface runoff into stormwater ponds and drainage systems before percolating into the ground. In particular, the nutrients found in fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides applied in excess by homeowners and landscapers can cause a range of issues in stormwater ponds from fish kills to eutrophication. As a result, Manatee County, Florida has issued a fertilizer ordinance with best management practices (BMPs) and a fertilizer black out period to reduce NPSP. This study is aimed at capturing the perceptions of residents which affect stormwater NPSP through their behaviors, awareness, and knowledge. Interviews, surveys,and observational data were used to establish social indicator scores, gather qualitative data, and evaluate outreach efforts surrounding the Manatee County fertilizer ordinance and the function stormwater ponds in Lakewood Ranch.
Results showed that residents substantially lacked awareness of the fertilizer ban, ordinance and grass clipping violation fine. Outreach questions revealed that 69% of residents had not seen any materials related to the ban. While residents' feelings generally ranged from neutral to positive with regard to shoreline and aquatic plants, they remained resistant to the actual installation of the plants. The results also indicated that residents were well aware of the purposes shoreline plants serving as barriers and nutrient filters. In addition, Key Informant interviews revealed that while residents understood the environmental consequences of their actions, they maintained their behavior to adhere to deeply rooted social norms.
9
Rusk, Monica Kirsten 1967. "Selenium risk to Yuma clapper rails and other marsh birds of the lower Colorado River." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278053.
Анотація:
I estimated the risk of selenium toxicity to endangered Yuma clapper rail and other marsh birds of the lower Colorado River (LCR). I collected sediment, invertebrates, Virginia rails, and least bitterns from 4 locations within the LCR valley, in May-August 1990, and collected additional bird species from 1 of the sites in April 1991. I analyzed the samples for selenium and other trace elements. Selenium accumulated in the backwater marshes of the LCR and was uniformly distributed among the backwaters sampled. Selenium increased 1-16X between successive trophic levels, however, selenium levels did not differ significantly among species with different diets. Based on the selenium levels in bird tissues and prey species, marsh birds in the LCR valley are at low risk of adult mortality, but moderate to high risk of teratogenicity. The rate of selenium accumulation in the backwaters must be reduced to decrease the risk of toxicity.
10
Tindwa, Neema. "DENIM PRODUCTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-418547.
Анотація:
The denim production has an environmental impact, in order to achieve the UN’s sustainability goal until year 2030, a lot has to change. During its early stages, denim production is highly water intensive and large amounts of pesticides are also used. Those two combined affects the biodiversity locally as well as the health of the farmers badly. Other treatments such as sandblasting puts different chemical into the garment, due to lack of regulations and safety equipment the textile workers health is at stake. With a circular economy in mind, there are however certain options to reuse the denim products, both in the sense of recycling and re-selling in second hand. Society as a whole such as manufacturers and individuals have a responsibility to help achieve the twelfth goal and its targets goals. This could perhaps be achieved by regulations, a change in demand, increase of recycling and more information to the consumers about the production of denim and how to decrease its consequences.Denimproduktionen har en stor miljöpåverkan, och för att uppnå FN:s globala mål för hållbar utveckling år 2030 måste en del förändras. Redan i de tidiga stadierna av denimproduktionen används enorma mängder vatten och bekämpningsmedel. Vilket i sin tur har sin negativa påverkan på den lokala biodiversiteten samt böndernas hälsa. Andra behandlingar såsom sandblästring tillför flera kemikalier till tyget, till följd av detta påverkas även textilarbetarnas hälsa. Med ett cirkulärt ekonomiskt flöde finns det flera möjligheter att återvinna och återanvända denim. Samhället i det hela, näringslivet till enskilda individer har ett ansvar att uppnå det tolfte globala målet samt dess delmål. Detta kan möjligtvis uppnås genom riktlinjer, förändring i efterfrågan, ökad information för konsumenter om denim och dess miljöpåverkan, kunskaper som kan leda till en minskning av denimproduktionens konsekvenser.
Книги з теми "4199 Other environmental sciences":
1
Zencey, Eric. The other road to serfdom and the path to sustainable democracy. Hanover: University Press of New England, 2012.
2
Malcolm, L. R. Mosses and other bryophytes: An illustrated glossary. Nelson, New Zealand: Micro-Optics Press, 2000.
3
Crump, Martha L. Sexy orchids make lousy lovers & other unusual relationships. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2009.
4
Callery, Sean. I wonder why there's a hole in the sky and other questions about the environment. New York, N.Y: Kingfisher, 2008.
5
Zencey, Eric. Other Road to Serfdom and the Path to Sustainable Democracy. University Press of New England, 2012.
6
Stefoff, Rebecca, and Naomi Klein. How to Change Everything: The Young Human's Guide to Protecting the Planet and Each Other. Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing, 2022.
7
Stefoff, Rebecca, and Naomi Klein. How to Change Everything: The Young Human's Guide to Protecting the Planet and Each Other. Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing, 2021.
8
Klein, Naomi. How to Change Everything: The Young Human's Guide to Protecting the Planet and Each Other. Simon & Schuster Audio and Blackstone Publishing, 2021.
9
Gunther, Francis A. Residue Reviews: Residues of Pesticides and other Contaminants in the Total Environment. Springer, 2011.
10
Gunther, Jane Davies, and Francis A. Gunther. Residue Reviews: Residues of Pesticides and Other Contaminants in the Total Environment. Springer, 2012.
Частини книг з теми "4199 Other environmental sciences":
1
Muir, D. C. G., and G. R. B. Webster. "Other Herbicides." In Mass Spectrometry in Environmental Sciences, 437–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2361-7_20.
2
Safe, S., and J. Sparling. "Other Industrial Pollutants and Natural Toxins." In Mass Spectrometry in Environmental Sciences, 551–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2361-7_26.
3
Jin, Peng, and Kunshan Gao. "Phenolic Compounds and Other UV-Absorbing Compounds." In Research Methods of Environmental Physiology in Aquatic Sciences, 121–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5354-7_14.
4
Rankenhohn, Florian, Tido Strauß, and Paul Wermter. "Dianchi Shallow Lake Management." In Terrestrial Environmental Sciences, 69–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80234-9_3.
Анотація:
AbstractLake Dianchi in the Chinese province Yunnan is a shallow lake suffering from algae blooms for years due to high pollution. We conducted a thorough survey of the water quality of the northern part of the lake called Caohai. This study was intended as the basis for the system understanding of the shallow lake of Caohai. The study consisted of two steps. First we collected available environmental, hydrological and pollution data from Kunming authorities and other sources. It was possible to parameterise a lake model model based on the preliminary data set. It supported first estimations of management scenarios. But the first and quick answers came with a relevant vagueness. Relevant monitoring data was still missing like P release from lake-internal sediment.Because data uncertainty causes model uncertainty and model uncertainty causes planning and management uncertainties, we recommended and conducted a thorough sediment and river pollution monitoring campaign in 2017. Examination of the sediment phosphorus release and additional measurements of N and P was crucial for the improvement of the shallow lake model of Caohai. In May 2018 we presented and discussed the results of StoLaM shallow lake model of Caohai and the outcomes of a set of management scenarios.The StoLaM shallow lake model for Caohai used in SINOWATER indicates that sediment dredging could contribute to the control of algae by limitation of phosphorus, but sediment management can only produce sustainable effects when the overall nutrient input and especially the phosphorus input from the inflows will be reduced significantly.
5
Muircheartaigh, I. G. Ó., and E. C. Monahan. "Statistical Aspects of the Relationship Between Oceanic Whitecap Coverage Wind Speed and other Environmental Factors." In Oceanographic Sciences Library, 125–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4668-2_12.
6
Thakur, B. R., Rakesh Kumar, and Dhan Dev Sharma. "Development of Apple Cultivation Vis-a-Vis Other Fruit Crops in Himachal Pradesh, India: A Geographical Analysis." In Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences, 55–75. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54871-3_5.
7
Manawadu, L., M. D. K. L. Gunathilaka, and V. P. I. S. Wijeratne. "Regional Development at Crossroad to Degrade the Environment: Regional Impact and Responses to Climate Change and Other Environmental Issues." In Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences, 75–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5681-1_4.
8
Ilyina, V. "The Use of Karelia’s High-Mg Rocks for the Production of Building Materials, Ceramics and Other Materials with Improved Properties." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 259–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22974-0_62.
9
Nakao, Seiji, Hidenori Harada, and Taro Yamauchi. "Introduction." In Global Environmental Studies, 1–10. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7711-3_1.
Анотація:
AbstractSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) present a new vision to establish an adequate and equitable sanitation system and require more consideration on the basis of the socio-cultural aspects of global sanitation. Despite these directions, the establishment of global sanitation in low- and middle-income countries has been challenging, and the socio-cultural aspects, especially the interconnections of socio-culture with materials and health, are overlooked. In this context, an interdisciplinary approach including humanities and social sciences is necessary based on the understanding that sanitation is embedded in society. In terms of the interconnection between socio-culture and materials, sanitation requires social relations to function its service chain, and in the interconnections between socio-culture and health, the risk of health by inadequate sanitation is socially allocated unevenly. In other words, an adequate and equitable sanitation system involves appropriate interconnections between the three components of sanitation (social-culture, health, and materials). Therefore, this chapter presents the concept of the “Sanitation Triangle” as an interdisciplinary framework by focusing on the relationship between the three elements.
10
Dayé, Christian, Armin Spök, Andrew C. Allan, Tomiko Yamaguchi, and Thorben Sprink. "Social Acceptability of Cisgenic Plants: Public Perception, Consumer Preferences, and Legal Regulation." In Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences, 43–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10721-4_3.
Анотація:
AbstractPart of the rationale behind the introduction of the term cisgenesis was the expectation that due to the “more natural” character of the genetic modification, cisgenic plants would be socially more acceptable than transgenic ones. This chapter assesses whether this expectation was justified. It thereby addresses three arenas of social acceptability: public perception, consumer preferences, and legal regulation. Discussing and comparing recent studies from four geographical areas across the globe—Europe, North America, Japan, and Australia and New Zealand—the chapter shows that the expectation was justified, and that cisgenic plants are treated as being more acceptable than other forms of genetic modification. Yet, there are considerable differences across the three arenas of social acceptability. In Australia, Canada, and the United States of America, the legal regulation of cisgenic plants is less restrictive than in Europe, Japan, and New Zealand. Also, the public perceptions are rather diverse across these countries, as are the factors that are deemed most influential in informing public opinion and consumer decisions. While people in North America appear to be most interested in individual benefits of the products (improved quality, health aspects), Europeans are more likely to accept cisgenic plants and derived products if they have a proven environmental benefit. In New Zealand, in contrast, the potential impact of cisgenic plants on other, more or less related markets, like meat export and tourism, is heavily debated. We conclude with some remarks about a possible new arrangement between science and policy that may come about with a new, or homogenized, international regulatory regime.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "4199 Other environmental sciences":
1
"Implications of Updating Digital Literacy – A Case Study in an Optometric Curriculum." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4192.
Анотація:
[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2019 issue of the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Volume 16] Aim/Purpose: The aim of this project was to explore a method to enable an updated under-standing of digital literacy to be implemented in curricula in an environment of an existing, but outdated, understanding of digital literacy. . Background: The changing healthcare environment increasingly emphasizes the importance of digital literacy skills; therefore academics in the optometry discipline at Deakin University sought to better understand where digital literacy skills were taught in their program, and whether delivery was implicit or explicit. Methodology: This case study describes a systematic review of the optometric curriculum to first identify where and what digital literacy skills are currently being addressed in the curriculum, identify the gaps, and develop a strategy to address the gaps. Contribution: The main outcome of this work is the development of a spiraling curriculum to support the development of digital literacy skills required in later units of the program and for clinical practice post-graduation. Findings: Although the definition of digital literacy may be outdated, the digital literacy capabilities being addressed in the curriculum had grown as digital technology use by staff and students had expanded. This, together with the realization that students were not as digitally capable as expected, indicated that teaching digital literacy skills needed to be made overt throughout the curriculum. Recommendations for Practitioners: The process developed through this case study provides a strong foundation for course teams, curriculum developers and educational designers to efficiently analyze digital literacy expectations in existing, accredited health-related curricula and improve the curricula by more overtly embedding digital literacy teaching into it. Impact on Society: Graduates of the amended program of study are expected to be better prepared to undertake their future careers in a digitally enhanced and disrupted environment. Future Research: The framework will be used to explore digital literacy teaching practices in other disciplines. A systematic evaluation will be undertaken to identify the benefits and short comings of using the framework. The elements that make up the new definition of digital literacy need to be better articulated to allow curriculum developers to be better informed as to how to interpret the framework in their context.
2
"Self-efficacy, Challenge, Threat and Motivation in Virtual and Blended Courses on Multicultural Campuses." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4189.
Анотація:
[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2019 issue of the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Volume 16] Aim/Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the sense of challenge and threat, negative feelings, self-efficacy, and motivation among students in a virtual and a blended course on multicultural campuses and to see how to afford every student an equal opportunity to succeed in academic studies. Background: Most academic campuses in Israel are multicultural, with a diverse student body. The campuses strive to provide students from all sectors, regardless of nationality, religion, etc., the possibility of enjoying academic studies and completing them successfully. Methodology: This is a mixed-method study with a sample of 484 students belonging to three sectors: general Jewish, ultra-orthodox Jewish, and Arab. Contribution: This study’s findings might help faculty on multicultural campuses to advance all students and enable them equal opportunity to succeed in academic studies. Findings: Significant sectorial differences were found for the sense of challenge and threat, negative feelings, and motivation. We found that the sense of challenge and level of motivation among Arab students was higher than among the ultra-orthodox Jewish students, which, in turn, was higher than among the general Jewish student population. On the other hand, we found that the perception of threat and negative feelings among Arab students were higher than for the other two sectors for both the virtual and the blended course. Recommendations for Practitioners: Significant feedback might lessen the sense of threat and the negative feelings and be a meaningful factor for the students to persevere in the course. Intellectual, emotional, and differential feedback is recommended. Not relating to students’ difficulties might lead to a sense of alienation, a lack of belonging, or inability to cope with the tasks at hand and dropout from the course, or even from studies altogether. A good interaction between lecturer and student can change any sense of incompetence or helplessness to one of self-efficacy and the ability to interact with one’s surroundings. Recommendations for Researchers: Lecturers can reduce the sense of threat and negative feelings and increase a student’s motivation by making their presence felt on the course website, using the forums to manage discussions with students, and enabling and encouraging discussion among the students. Impact on Society: The integration of virtual learning environments into the learning process might lead to the fulfilment of an educational vision in which autonomous learners realize their personal potential. Hence they must be given tasks requiring the application of high learning skills without compromise, but rather with differential treatment of students in order to reduce negative feelings and the sense of threat, and to reduce the transactional distance. Future Research: Further studies should examine the causes of negative feelings among students participating in virtual and blended courses on multicultural campuses and how these feelings can be handled.
3
"Classroom Implementation of Instructional Strategies and Techniques that are Based on Universal Instructional Design Principles and Support Diversity." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4197.
Анотація:
Aim/Purpose: This paper describes foundational principles of universal instructional design (UID), which is also known as universal design for learning, that support accessibility and inclusivity for a diverse population of students and discusses how these design principles and instructional strategies are being implemented in courses we instruct. Background: The goal of any instructor should be to ensure all students have their learning needs met. Unfortunately, this is complex. Each student is unique and can have individual learning needs and preferences. Consequently, it would likely be impossible to create instructional materials that address the specific learning needs and preferences of every individual. Principles of UID help to minimize this challenge. UID strategies should support deaf and hard of hearing individuals, students with a vision loss, learners who have difficulties staying focussed, weak readers, academically-weak students, students with low confidence, learners with high anxiety, individual learning preferences, and cultural minorities. UID principles should also lead to the creation of instructional materials that support cognitively-gifted students. The principles applied in our classroom, based on the principles of UID, helped to address these challenges that students have and foster a classroom environment that was conducive to supporting the diversity in our student population. Methodology: This is not applicable because this is a practical paper, not a research paper. Contribution This paper provides practical instructional strategies and techniques that can presumably help students with disabilities learn more effectively while also fostering a culture of inclusivity. Findings: There are no formal findings for this paper. Recommendations for Practitioners: Readers should consider applying the discussed instructional strategies and techniques to support their own students that have disabilities. Recommendations for Researchers: Researchers should create instructional interventions for students with specific disabilities and assess whether those interventions help students with that disability learn more effectively. Impact on Society: Although not proven by research on populations of individuals with disabilities, the presented instructional strategies and techniques are presumed to help students with a disability learn more effectively. The aim is for other instructors to create instructional materials with similar instructional strategies and techniques to enable accessibility and promote inclusivity for their diverse population of students. Future Research From a practical perspective, instructors should apply the presented instructional strategies and techniques in their classrooms for their diverse population of students. In-class research could be done afterwards.
4
Usher, Sam. "Integrating Natural and Social Sciences to Inspire Public Confidence in Radioactive Waste Policy Case Study: Committee on Radioactive Waste Management." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7240.
Анотація:
Implementing effective long-term radioactive waste management policy is challenging, and both UK and international experience is littered with policy and programme failures. Policy must not only be underpinned by sound science and technical rationale, it must also inspire the confidence of the public and other stakeholders. However, in today’s modern society, communities will not simply accept the word of scientists for setting policy based purely on technical grounds. This is particularly so in areas where there are significant social and ethical issues, such as radioactive waste disposal. To develop and implement effective policy, governments, waste owners and implementing bodies must develop processes which effectively integrate both complex technical and scientific issues, with equally challenging social and ethical concerns. These integrating processes must marry often intricate technical issues with broad public and stakeholder engagement programmes, in programmes which can expect the highest levels of public scrutiny, and must invariably be delivered within challenging time and budget constraints. This paper considers a model for how such integrating processes can be delivered. The paper reviews, as a case study, how such challenges were overcome by the Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM), which, in July 2006, made recommendations to the UK government for the establishment of a long-term radioactive waste policy. Its recommendations were underpinned by sound science, but also engendered public confidence through undertaking the largest and most significant deliberative public and stakeholder engagement programme on a complex policy issue in the UK. Effective decision-making was enabled through the integration of both proven and bespoke methodologies, including Multi-criteria Decision Analysis and Holistic assessments, coupled with an overarching deliberative approach. How this was managed and delivered to programme demonstrates how important effective integration of different issues, interests and world views can be achieved, and the paper looks forward to how the continued integration of both natural and social sciences is essential if public confidence is to be maintained through implementation stages. This paper will be particularly relevant to governments, waste owners and implementing bodies who are responsible for developing and implementing policy.
5
Boyarkina, I. "POSTHUMANISM: ALTERNATIVE REALITIES AND AI IN SCIENCE FICTION BY G. EGAN AND R. MORGAN: POSSIBLE IMPACTS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON SOCIETY AND HUMAN NATURE." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-1-168-172.
Анотація:
The paper focuses on the science fiction novels Permutation City and Quarantine by Greg Egan and analyses his ideas on how life-altering technologies and life-simulating sciences are transforming human life, our consciousness, and our understanding of concepts, such as human/non-human, ecology, and the world around us. The paper studies the way Egan explores the themes of posthumanism, simulated realities, and digital immortality, through the prism of various ethical, social, philosophical, ecological and other problems that these concepts inevitably generate. The rich scientific background of these hard sf novels is analysed. The author also analyses Altered Carbon by Morgan, and compares it to the works of Greg Egan.
6
Thierens, Hubert, Myriam Monsieurs, Vincent De pooter, Luc Noynaert, Patrick Maris, Luc Ooms, Patrick Lewandowski, Marnix Braeckeveldt, and Karel Strijckmans. "The Removal, Transportation and Final Treatment and Conditioning of the THETIS Research Reactor Spent Fuel of the University of Ghent (Belgium) Achieved in 2010." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59261.
Анотація:
The THETIS research reactor on the site of the Nuclear Sciences Institute of the Ghent University has been in operation from 1967 until December 2003. This light-water moderated graphite-reflected low-enriched uranium pool-type reactor has been used for various purposes e.g. the production of radio-isotopes and activation analyses. During the first years its core power was 15 kW. In the early ’70, a core enlargement allowed for operation at typically 150 kW, while the maximum was allowed to be 250 kW. The fuel was 5% enriched uranium cladded with AISI304L stainless steel, with graphite plugs at both ends of the tubes. In order to decommission the reactor, the spent fuel and other nuclear materials present had to be removed from the reactor site. Ghent University entrusted SCK·CEN, the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, with the study of the further management of the spent fuel. Various options such as reprocessing, intermediate storage awaiting final disposal were investigated. However the characteristics and the small amount of spent fuel (84.64 kg of UO2) made these solutions very expensive. In the meantime ONDRAF/NIRAS, the Belgian radioactive waste management agency, was developing together with Belgoprocess, a solution for final conditioning in 400 liter drums and further intermediate storage of the spent fuel in its nuclear facilities at the BELGOPROCESS site in Dessel. This conditioned waste is foreseen to enter the future geological disposal site after the intermediate storage period only after 2050. Finally SCK·CEN recommended this solution for the back-end of the THETIS spent fuel and Ghent University declared this spent fuel as radioactive waste. Once the feasibility for conditioning and storage was demonstrated, further actions were taken in order to unload the spent fuel out of the reactor and to transport it to the PAMELA-installation at the Belgoprocess site in Dessel. Finally after receiving all necessary licensing authorisations from the FANC/AFCN, the Belgian nuclear safety authority, the operations started at the reactor site beginning of 2010 and the spent fuel was placed into the intermediate storage building after conditioning at the Belgoprocess site at the end of 2010. The paper will focus on: - the inventarisation and characterization of the spent fuel and other nuclear materials; - the operations at Ghent University and Belgoprocess sites; - the conclusions drawn from the operations.
7
Smith, Lynne K., and Mary L. Bisesi. "The Role of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in the Cleanup of the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4791.
Анотація:
As a result of nuclear weapons production, the United States of America produced significant quantities of transuranic waste, which consists of clothing, tools, rags, residues, debris and other items contaminated with small amounts of radioactive man-made elements — mostly plutonium — with an atomic number greater than that of uranium. Transuranic waste began accumulating in the 1940s and continued through the Cold War era. Today, most transuranic waste is stored at weapons production sites across the United States. In 1957, the National Academy of Sciences concluded that the most promising disposal option for radioactive wastes was disposal in deep geologic repositories situated in the salt formations. After nearly a decade of study, the United States Department of Energy decided in January 1981 to proceed with construction of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) at a site 41.6 km (26 miles) southest of Carlsbad, New Mexico. After years of study, construction, and permitting, the WIPP facility became operational in early 1999. As the United States continues to clean up and close its former nuclear weapon facilities, the operation of WIPP will continue into the next several decades. This paper will provide on overview of the history, regulatory, and public process to permit a radioactive repository for disposal of transuranic wastes and the process to ensure its long-term operation in a safe and environmentally compliant manner.
8
Ooms, Luc, Patrick Maris, and Luc Noynaert. "Management of the Decommissioning of the Thetis Reactor." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96314.
Анотація:
The Thetis research reactor on the site of the Nuclear Sciences Institute of the Ghent University has been in operation from 1967 until December 2003. This light-water moderated graphite-reflected low-enriched uranium pool-type reactor has been used for various purposes e.g. the production of radio-isotopes and activation analyses. During the first years its core power was 15 kW. In the early ’70, a core enlargement allowed for operation at typically 150 kW, while the maximum was allowed to be 250 kW. In September 2007, Ghent University entrusted to SCK•CEN the management of the back-end of the spent fuel and the decommissioning of the reactor. In 2010, the spent fuel was removed from the reactor and transported to Belgoprocess for cementation in 400 l drums and interim storage awaiting final disposal. This activity allows tackling the decommissioning of the reactor. The objective is to complete its decommissioning by the end of 2014. In the framework of the decommissioning of the Thetis reactor, SCK•CEN set-up the final decommissioning plan and the decommissioning licensing file. These documents include among others a radiological inventory of the reactor. The graphite moderator blocks, the control and the safety pates, the liner of the pool were modeled to assess the activation products (isotopic vector and intensity). At the end of the unloading of the reactor in 2010 a brief mapping of the equipment’s and internals of the reactor pool was performed. In 2012, we realized a more detailed mapping. These results confirmed those performed earlier and allowed to confirm the assumptions made in the final decommissioning plan. We set-up the terms of reference for the first decommissioning phase of the reactor namely the dismantling of the reactor i.e. reactor pool, circuits and rabbit system, equipment’s and ventilation ducts. The removal of asbestos is also included into this phase. We conducted the selection process and the awarding of this decommissioning job. We gained the decommissioning license in May 2012. We also prepared the software tool allowing managing the decommissioning project by updating the inventory and recording the progress, the characterization measurements and the material and waste production. This software allows also to trace all the material streams and to report to the Authorities. This software is a simplified release of the ones developed by SCK•CEN in the framework of other decommissioning projects like BR3 and Belgonucleaire. The dismantling of the reactor i.e. reactor pool, circuits and rabbit system, will be performed in 2013. In 2014, it is planned to map all the surfaces of the infrastructure to highlight residual contamination of floor, walls and ceiling. The contaminated surfaces will be decontaminated and controlled. The objective is to reach the free release of the reactor building and laboratories by the end of 2014.
9
Morris, Jenny, Stephen Wickham, Phil Richardson, Colin Rhodes, and Mike Newland. "Contingency Options for the Drying, Conditioning and Packaging of Magnox Spent Fuel in the UK." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16331.
Анотація:
The UK Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) is responsible for safe and secure management of spent nuclear fuel. Magnox spent fuel is held at some Magnox reactor sites and at Sellafield where it is reprocessed using a number of facilities. It is intended that all Magnox fuel will be reprocessed, as described in the published Magnox Operating Plan (MOP) [1]. In the event, however, that a failure occurs within the reprocessing plant, the NDA has initiated a programme of activities to explore alternative contingency options for the management of wetted Magnox spent fuel. Magnox fuel comprises metallic uranium bar clad in a magnesium alloy, both of which corrode if exposed to oxygen or water. Consequently, contingency options are required to consider how best to manage the issues associated with the reactivity of the metals. Questions of whether Magnox spent fuel needs to be dried, how it might be conditioned, how it might be packaged, and held in temporary storage until a disposal facility becomes available, all require attention. A review of potential contingency options for Magnox fuel was conducted by Galson Sciences Ltd, UKAEA and the NDA. During storage in the presence of water, the corrosion of Magnox fuel produces hydrogen (H2) gas, which requires careful management. When uranium reacts with hydrogen in a reducing environment, the formation of uranium hydride (UH3) may occur, which under some circumstances can be pyrophoric, and might create hazards which may affect subsequent retrieval and/or repackaging (e.g. for disposal). Other factors that may affect the choice of a viable contingency option include criticality safety, environmental impacts, security and Safeguards and economic considerations. At post-irradiation examination (PIE) facilities in the UK, Magnox spent fuel is dried as a result of storage in air at ambient temperatures. Early French UNGG (Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz) fuel was retrieved from pond storage at Cadarache, dried using a hot gas drying technique, oxidised and packaged in sealed canisters and placed in interim storage at the CASCAD (CASemate CADarache) facility. In the US, spent fuels including the Zircaloy clad Hanford N-Reactor fuels were cold vacuum dried and Idaho legacy aluminium clad metallic uranium fuels were hot vacuum dried; the dried fuel was then packaged in sealed and vented canisters (at Hanford and Idaho, respectively) for interim storage. With regard to conditioning and packaging, several different approaches have been reviewed, including encapsulation in cementitious grout or polymer, high-temperature vitrification or ceramicisation, and solution in acid or alkali solution followed by cementation or vitrification (without reprocessing). All of these approaches require further research in order to be evaluated and developed further for application to formerly wetted Magnox fuel. A variety of containers have been developed for the transport, storage and/or disposal of spent fuel in radioactive waste management programmes worldwide. Wetted Magnox spent fuel could be packaged in a container, with reservations about the potential formation of UH3 in a sealed environment where reducing conditions may develop. The applicability of different combinations of drying, conditioning and packaging techniques to the preparation of Magnox spent fuel for long-term storage and eventual disposal are discussed.
10
McKinnon, Mikal A., and Leroy Stewart. "Demonstration and Licensing of a Spent Nuclear Fuel Dry Transfer System." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1175.
Анотація:
Abstract Research studies by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) established the technical and operational requirements necessary to enable the onsite cask-to-cask dry transfer of spent nuclear fuel. Use of the dry transfer system has the potential to permit shutdown reactor sites to decommission pools and provide the capability of transferring assemblies from storage casks or small transportation casks to sealed transportable canisters. Following an evaluation by the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Academy of Sciences, a cooperative program was established between DOE and EPRI, which led to the cost-shared design of a dry transfer system (DTS). EPRI used Transnuclear, Inc., of Hawthorne, New York, to design the DTS in accordance with the technical and quality assurance requirements of the code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 72 (10CFR72). EPRI delivered the final design report to DOE in 1995 and the DTS topical safety analysis report (TSAR) in 1996. DOE submitted the TSAR to the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for review under 10CFR72 and requested that the NRC staff evaluate the TSAR and issue a Safety Evaluation Report (SER) that could be used and referenced by an applicant seeking a site-specific license for the construction and operation of a DTS. DOE also initiated a cold demonstration of major subsystem prototypes in 1996. After careful assessment, the NRC agreed that the DTS concept has merit. However, because the TSAR was not site-specific and was lacking some detailed information required for a complete review, the NRC decided to issue an Assessment Report (AR) rather than a SER. This was issued in November 2000. Additional information that must be included in a future site-specific Safety Analysis Report for the DTS is identified in the AR. The DTS consists of three major sections: a Preparation Area, a Lower Access Area, and a Transfer Confinement Area. The Preparation Area is a sheet metal building where casks are prepared for loading, unloading, or shipment. The Preparation Area adjoins the Lower Access Area and is separated from the Lower Access Area by a large shielded door. The Lower Access Area and Transfer Confinement Area are contained within concrete walls approximately three feet thick. These are the areas where the casks are located and where the fuel is moved during transfer operations. A floor containing two portals separates the Lower Access Area and the Transfer Confinement Area. The casks are located below the floor, and the fuel transfer operation occurs above the floor. The cold demonstration of the DTS was successfully conducted at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) as a cooperative effort between the DOE and EPRI. The cold demonstration was limited to the fuel handling equipment, the cask lid handling equipment, and the cask interface system. The demonstration included recovery operations associated with loss of power or off-normal events. The demonstration did not include cask receiving and lid handling; cask transport and lifting; vacuum/inerting/leak test; canister welding; decontamination; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning; and radiation monitoring. The demonstration test was designed to deliberately challenge the system and determine whether any specific system operation could adversely impact or jeopardize the operation or safety of any other function or system. All known interlocks were challenged. As in all new systems, there were lessons learned during the operation of the system and a few minor modifications made to ease operations. System modifications were subsequently demonstrated. The demonstration showed that the system operated as expected and provided times for normal fuel transfer operations. The demonstration also showed that recovery could be made from off-normal events.
Звіти організацій з теми "4199 Other environmental sciences":
1
Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.
Анотація:
Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.
2
Yaari, Menahem, Elhanan Helpman, Ariel Weiss, Nathan Sussman, Ori Heffetz, Hadas Mandel, Avner Offer, et al. Sustainable Well-Being in Israel. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52873/policy.2021.wellbeing-en.
Анотація:
Well-being is a common human aspiration. Governments and states, too, seek to promote and ensure the well-being of their citizens; some even argue that this should be their overarching goal. But it is not enough for a country to flourish, and for its citizens to enjoy well-being, if the situation cannot be maintained over the long term. Well-being must be sustainable. The state needs criteria for assessing the well-being of its citizens, so that it can work to raise the well-being level. Joining many other governments around the world, the Israeli government adopted a comprehensive set of indices for measuring well-being in 2015. Since 2016, the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics has been publishing the assessment results on an annual basis. Having determined that the monitoring of well-being in Israel should employ complementary indices relating to its sustainability, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Bank of Israel, the Central Bureau of Statistics, and Yad Hanadiv asked the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities to establish an expert committee to draft recommendations on this issue. The Academy's assistance was sought in recognition of its statutory authority "to advise the government on activities relating to research and scientific planning of national significance." The Committee was appointed by the President of the Academy, Professor Nili Cohen, in March 2017; its members are social scientists spanning a variety of disciplines. This report presents the Committee's conclusions. Israel's ability to ensure the well-being of its citizens depends on the resources or capital stocks available to it, in particular its economic, natural, human, social, and cultural resources. At the heart of this report are a mapping of these resources, and recommendations for how to measure them.
3
Wolf, Eva. Chemikalienmanagement in der textilen Lieferkette. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627987.
Анотація:
The World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002 set the goal of minimising the adverse impacts of chemicals and waste by 2020. This goal has not been achieved yet. Therefore, other approaches are needed to prevent, minimise, or replace harmful substances. One possible approach is this master thesis which deals with the challenges that the textile importer DELTEX is facing with regard to a transparent communication of chemicals used and contained in the product in its supply chain. DELTEX is bound by legal regulations and requirements of its customer and must ensure that there are no harmful substances in the garments. For each order, the customer requires a chemical inventory from DELTEX which contains the chemical substances and formulations used (so-called "order-wise chemical inventory"). Currently, the suppliers are not willing to pass this on to DELTEX. As a result, DELTEX is faced with the problem of having no knowledge of the materials used in the garments and is thus taking a high risk. The structure of this study is based on the transdisciplinary "delta analysis" of the Society for Institutional Analysis at the University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt. This compares the target state with the actual state and derives a delta from the difference. Based on this, suitable design options are to be developed to close the delta. The study defines the target state on the basis of normative requirements and derives three criteria from this, which can be used to measure design options. By means of guideline-based interviews with experts, an online survey and literature research, it examines the current state. The analysis shows that the relevant actors are in an unfavourable incentive and barrier situation. The textile supply chain can be seen as a complex construct in which a whole series of production sites (often in developing and emerging countries where corruption and low environmental standards exist) carry out many processing steps. Chemicals are used at almost all stages of processing, some of which have harmful effects on people and the environment. At the same time, factory workers in the production countries are under enormous price and time pressure and often have insufficient know-how about chemical processes. DELTEX is dependent on its main customer and therefore has little room for price negotiations. To close this delta, the study formulates design options on macro, meso and micro levels and measures them against the developed criteria. None of the measures completely meets all the criteria, which is why a residual delta remains. The study concludes that not one, but rather a combination of several design options at all levels can achieve the target state. For DELTEX, an alliance with other textile importers, membership in the Fair Wear Foundation, strengthening the relationship with its suppliers and cooperation with another customer are recommended. Furthermore, the use of material data tools that support proactive reporting approaches such as a Full Material Declaration is recommended. The study is carried out from the perspective of the textile importer DELTEX. The results can therefore only be applied to the entire textile supply chain to a limited extent.