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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "4404 Development studies"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "4404 Development studies"

Narimatsu, Hiroto, Makoto Murata, Seitaro Terakura, Kyoko Sugimoto, and Tomoki Naoe. "Potential Role of a Mismatched HLA-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Clone Developed Pre-Transplant in Graft Rejection Following Cord Blood Transplantation." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3269.3269.

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Abstract Graft rejection is a significant complication in cord blood transplantation (CBT), but little is known about the mechanism of rejection. In the present study, to investigate the potential role of T lymphocytes in graft rejection, we isolated a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone from a patient who developed graft rejection after CBT. A female patient received CBT from an unrelated male donor using a reduced-intensity preparative regimen consisting of 125 mg/m2 fludarabine and 180 mg/m2 melphalan. The infused total nuclear cell dose was 2.9 × 107 /kg. The patient was diagnosed as having graft rejection on day 28 based on the marrow hypoplasia, with complete loss of donor chimerism. The patient achieved primary engraftment after a second CBT. DNA typing of the HLA-A and B loci demonstrated that the recipient was A*1101/A*2402 and B*4404/B*5603, the first CBT donor was A*1101/A*2402 and B*1501/B*5603, and the second CBT donor was A*2402/A*3303 and B*4403/B*5101. We obtained the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) just after the development of graft rejection following CBT, cultured them in interleukin-2-containing media without stimulator cells for 14 days, and isolated two T lymphocyte clones by limiting dilution. One of the two clones, designated N19D8, lysed Epstein Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells (B-LCL) from the donor, but failed to lyse B-LCL from the patient. Thus, we further investigated the N19D8 clone because it may have been involved in the immunological graft rejection. Flow cytometry and sex chromosome fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that the N19D8 clone was CD3+CD4−CD8+ T lymphocyte and originated from the patient. In a cytotoxicity assay for a panel of B-LCL derived from unrelated individuals, N19D8 CTL lysed all of five B-LCL lines from unrelated individuals that shared HLA-B*1501, which is the mismatch antigen in the first CBT, but it failed to lyse B-LCL from nine unrelated individuals without B*1501. To determine if the lack of recognition by N19D8 CTL was solely due to the absence of HLA-B*1501 gene expression, the patient’s B-LCL were transfected with HLA-B*1501 cDNA and then employed as targets in cytotoxicity assays. The B*1501-transfected recipient’s B-LCL were lysed almost as effectively as the first CBT donor’s B-LCL. Furthermore, COS cells transfected with HLA-B*1501 cDNA alone stimulated interferon-γ production of N19D8 CTL. Thus, we concluded that the N19D8 CTL clone recognizes the mismatched HLA-B*1501 molecule as an alloantigen, but not a minor histocompatibility antigen presented by the HLA-B*1501 molecule such as an unidentified male-specific H-Y antigen. We next determined if the N19D8 clone was developed before transplantation, using nested PCR assays specific for the CTL clone’s uniquely rearranged T cell receptor Vβ17 chain gene. PCR products were produced by amplification of DNA from pre-transplant as well as post-transplant PBMC. Additionally, the presence of microchimerism of B*15-positive cells in the pre-transplant PBMCs was confirmed by PCR assay specific for the HLA-B*15. These data demonstrated that the N19D8 CTL clone developed in the patient before the first CBT. The present study demonstrated a potential role of pre-transplant CTLs in graft rejection following CBT. Further studies on mismatched HLA-specific CTLs should help determine the optimal strategy for overcoming graft rejection in CBT.

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Van Halbeek, Herman. "NMR developments in structural studies of carbohydrates and their complexes." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 4, no. 5 (October 1994): 697–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-440x(94)90168-6.

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Wang, Zhijun, Chen Xie, Steven Yeung, Jeffrey Wang, and Moses S. S. Chow. "Development of a simple and rapid HPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of streptomycin in mice and its application to plasma pharmacokinetic studies." Biomedical Chromatography 33, no. 2 (November 18, 2018): e4408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.4408.

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Hidy, Dóra, Zoltán Barcza, Hrvoje Marjanović, Maša Zorana Ostrogović Sever, Laura Dobor, Györgyi Gelybó, Nándor Fodor, et al. "Terrestrial ecosystem process model Biome-BGCMuSo v4.0: summary of improvements and new modeling possibilities." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 12 (December 7, 2016): 4405–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4405-2016.

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Abstract. The process-based biogeochemical model Biome-BGC was enhanced to improve its ability to simulate carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles of various terrestrial ecosystems under contrasting management activities. Biome-BGC version 4.1.1 was used as a base model. Improvements included addition of new modules such as the multilayer soil module, implementation of processes related to soil moisture and nitrogen balance, soil-moisture-related plant senescence, and phenological development. Vegetation management modules with annually varying options were also implemented to simulate management practices of grasslands (mowing, grazing), croplands (ploughing, fertilizer application, planting, harvesting), and forests (thinning). New carbon and nitrogen pools have been defined to simulate yield and soft stem development of herbaceous ecosystems. The model version containing all developments is referred to as Biome-BGCMuSo (Biome-BGC with multilayer soil module; in this paper, Biome-BGCMuSo v4.0 is documented). Case studies on a managed forest, cropland, and grassland are presented to demonstrate the effect of model developments on the simulation of plant growth as well as on carbon and water balance.

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Vecco, Marilena, Simeng Chang, and Andrej Srakar. "La topographie changeante de l’art contemporain en Chine continentale." Géographie et cultures, no. 97 (October 1, 2016): 139–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gc.4405.

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Allix, Étienne, and Bénédicte Florin. "Indésirables dans la ville, utiles dans l’ordure ?" Géographie et cultures, no. 98 (October 31, 2016): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gc.4434.

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Messaoudi, Ilhem, Alexander Barron, Mary Wellish, Helen Li, Scott W. Wong, Donald H. Gilden, and Ravi Mahalingam. "T cell senescence results in persistent simian varicella virus infection in aged rhesus macaques; a model for herpes zoster (44.4)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 44.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.44.4.

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Abstract Herpes zoster (HZ, shingles) is caused by the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) and causes significant morbidity and sometimes mortality in the elderly. Several clinical studies suggest that the waning of T cell immunity with age is the underlying cause of VZV reactivation. However, the exact defects in T cell immunity remain poorly understood due to the fact that VZV infection of laboratory animals, including nonhuman primates, does not result in disease. We have developed a novel animal model wherein rhesus macaques are inoculated with the closely related simian varicella virus (SVV). SVV infection of rhesus macaques reproduces hallmarks of VZV infection in humans: 1) generalized varicella; 2) the development of cellular and humoral immunity; and 3) the establishment of latency with limited transcriptional activity in sensory ganglia. This is the only model where acute infection and latency can be studied in the same animal. Furthermore, whereas adult rhesus macaques can resolve acute SVV infection, aged animals remain persistently viremic. The SVV-specific antibody response generated by elderly animals was comparable to that of adult animals. On the other hand, the SVV-specific T cell response in aged animals was delayed and reduced in magnitude. These data suggest that, similar to clinical observations about VZV, the inability of aged animals to control SVV viremia is due to a reduced T cell response.

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Fischler, Raphaël. "Development Controls in Toronto in the Nineteenth Century." Articles 36, no. 1 (May 16, 2013): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1015817ar.

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Histories of contemporary development control tend to situate its beginning in the first or second decade of the twentieth century, when modern zoning bylaws were adopted. Yet, as some researchers have pointed out, building and land-use regulations took shape in the nineteenth century and even earlier. This paper focuses on controls set by the City of Toronto between 1834, when it was incorporated, and 1904, when it adopted bylaw no. 4408, which is seen by many as the first step taken by the city toward modern zoning. In technical terms, it appears that a coherent, though minimal, apparatus of land-use regulation was already in place by the 1860s. Over the course of the nineteenth century, building codes and nuisance laws display the growing intervention of public authorities in the development of the industrial city. Municipal control over material production and over human activity diversifies and finds expression in increasingly complex ordinances. In political terms, the bylaws reveal a growing concern with socio-spatial differentiation and with the protection of property values rather than with health and safety. The incremental development of land-use regulation suggests that, even though North American cities borrowed from each other and from their European counterparts, they constructed zoning locally, in accordance to local needs, resources, and constraints (economic, political, and legal) and in a piecemeal fashion, one bylaw, one amendment at a time.

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Tsygankov, Sergii, Viktor Ushkarenko, Olena Grek, Alla Tymchuk, Inna Popova, Natalia Chepel, Olena Onopriichuk, and Oleksandr Savchenko. "DETERMINATION METHODS OF DEFROSTED PROTEIN-VEGETABLE MIXTURES PARAMETERS DEVELOPMENT." EUREKA: Life Sciences 6 (November 30, 2018): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2018.00791.

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The aim of the work is to develop methods of investigating the influence of semolina and extruded semolina on quality and quantity parameters of mixtures with milk-protein concentrates in a cycle of freezing-defrost that allows to substantiate resource-saving in semi-products manufacturing. Obtained results of changes of the quality of protein-vegetable mixtures after the effect of negative temperatures confirm cryo-protective properties of carbohydrates of products of wheat processing. There were studied methods of extracting proteins of whey for getting albumin mass and using in the composition of milk-protein concentrates. It was established, that adding collagen-containing ingredients in amount 0,4 % for intensifying thermal coagulation of whey proteins decreases the duration of precipitation to (55±2) and (40±2) min respectively depending on a type of raw material processing. There were studied both native whey and protein concentrate, obtained by the method of ultra-filtration with mass share of dry substances (16±2) %. The method of thermal analysis determined a cryoscopic temperature of sour-milk fatless cheese and also albumin mass, obtained using «Collagen pro 4402». The calculation method, based on cryoscopic temperature indices determined an amount of moisture, frozen out in milk-whey mixtures with wheat processing products. The presented information is enough for estimating traditional modes of freezing milk-protein concentrates objectively. The obtained results of the studies indicate the effectiveness of the offered methods for determining parameters of protein-vegetable mixtures after defrosting. Measurements of quality parameters may be used for correcting mass losses of concentrates effectively.

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Sherehiy, Bohdana, Waldemar Karwowski, and Tadeusz Marek. "Relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders in the nursing profession: A systematic review." Occupational Ergonomics 4, no. 4 (May 17, 2005): 241–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2004-4404.

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A systematic review of the published literature was carried out in order to identify the most important risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in the nursing profession. A standardized checklist was used in order to assess the methodological quality of the publications selected for the review. Specific criteria were established to assess the strength and consistence of evidence for potential risk factors for MSD. The results support a notion of the importance of physical work-related factors for the development of musculoskeletal problems in nursing. Lifting in awkward and forward-bent postures were especially high-risk tasks that resulted in variety of reported musculoskeletal problems. This review also revealed that psychosocial factors, especially work organization issues and "social relations at work" were strongly related to the musculoskeletal outcomes in the studied population. Such risk factors as psychological job demands and job control were also associated with musculoskeletal problems; however, the evidence concerning these factors were weak and inconsistent. Further research is needed to establish the moderating and combined effects of different risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in the nursing profession.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "4404 Development studies"

Hebert, Jessica Faith. "Maternal Angiotensinogen Genotype and Fetal Sex Impact Uteroplacental Function and the Developmental Origins of Stress-Induced Hypertension." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4405.

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Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common and potentially life-threatening complication that affects 5-10% of human pregnancies. Maternal genetic predisposition and fetal male sex are known risk factors, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. To study a known maternal genetic risk factor and the impact of fetal sex, we employed a published transgenic (TG) mouse model, which was designed to mimic a common human angiotensinogen (AGT) promoter variant associated with a 20% increase in circulating AGT levels. We hypothesized that TG dams would deliver growth restricted pups and that the underlying mechanism would be related to differences in maternal uterine pregnancy-induced vascular remodeling, abnormal blood flow to the placenta, and placental damage. In addition, since growth restricted human males are at an increased risk of developing adult onset hypertension, which has been associated with reduced nephron development, we tested for developmental programming in our mouse model and the impact of fetal sex. Our results show that TG dams have reduced uterine and placental angiogenesis when their pups were males, but relatively normal angiogenesis in the female siblings compared with wild-type controls. The uterine placental bed in TG dams had abnormal pro-angiogenic/anti-angiogenic expression ratios that were related to differences in uterine natural killer cell activation and fetal sex. The abnormal phenotype could be rescued by delivering vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to uterine endothelial cells. Male progeny from TG dams had abnormal kidney epigenetic changes, fewer nephrons as adults, and they developed stress-induced hypertension. We conclude that the combination of maternal genetic risk and fetal male sex affect uteroplacental angiogenesis leading to FGR and the programming of stress-induced hypertension.

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Ellis, Jacobus Philippus Swart. "The use of system development methodologies in the development of decision support systems : An interpretive study / J.P.S. Ellis." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4407.

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The world we live in today demands systems that make our lives easier and help us make the right choices on time. There exists a growing need for quality products that help us in our day to day activities. Easy-to-use computer-based decision support systems apply all available and applicable data with the correct model, knowledge and skill of decision makers to support the user to choose the best solution. It is therefore important to develop decision support systems correctly to be of value to the user. Looking at other information system developments, the author tries to suggest ways to develop decision support systems. System development methodologies are investigated to determine if they are able to address the development of the very important decision support system components. Five methodologies were discussed and researched for their theoretical suitability to address the development of decision support systems. The author performed qualitative research using case studies and semi-structured interviews to assess the use or non-use of system development methodologies in the development of decision support systems in a South African context. Content and cross-case analyses were used to achieve results that are discussed to broaden the knowledge on the development of decision support systems. The author provides some explanations to why system development methodologies were not used in the development of the case studies. This research not only contributes to the academic body of knowledge about using system development methodologies in the development of decision support systems, but could also be useful to developers embarking on a new decision support system development.
Thesis (MSc (Computer Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

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Daniels, Jacqulyn Anne Donnenwirth. "The Impact of Online Professional Development on the Assessment Efficacy of Novice Itinerant Teachers of Students with Multiple Disabilities Including Visual Impairments." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4400.

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The primary question for this dissertation was: Does online professional development increase novice itinerant Teachers of Students with Visual impairments' (TVI) efficacy for assessing learning and literacy media for students with multiple disabilities including visual impairments? The literature suggested novice TVIs might experience low efficacy when implementing strategies unique to their job after leaving teacher-training programs. Working in an itinerant position can intensify perceptions of low efficacy. One area of low efficacy was conducting and reporting on the assessment of learning and literacy media (ALLM). Using a quasi-experimental pre/post-design, data were collected from pre/postintervention knowledge questionnaires about the assessment process and pre/postintervention written ALLM reports. Eleven participants with 1-5 years of experience as TVIs were divided into control and intervention groups. Four online modules were delivered to the intervention group. The data were analyzed using two dependent and two independent sample t tests. The results indicated the change scores between the control groups pre- and post-submissions did not improve. The change scores between the intervention groups pre- and post-submissions did significantly improve after participation in the online modules. The change scores overall between the intervention and control groups' pre/post submissions were statistically significant. The intervention group completed an acceptability rating scale regarding the feasibility of the modules and the results had an average score of 3.5 (4 = strongly agree). The primary limitation of this study was the small sample size and, therefore, did not allow for generalization.

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López, Itziar. "A PSS-based process : Towards the participation of elderly in co-development of sustainable habitat solutions." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4454.

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In response to the Ageing of our Society, a new paradigm is evolving that promotes healthy ageing and independency through self-care and wellbeing. The role of the living environments is crucial in the Ageing Society to promote wellbeing. Besides, elderly contribution through social participation is essential for their integration and inclusion in society. This thesis explores the case of Cooperative Housing for elderly in Sweden, a concept that promotes the participation of elderly in the design of their habitats. The research is oriented towards a smoother inclusion of elderly in participatory processes aimed at developing sustainable and need-satisfying habitat solutions for elderly. To do this the author explored how the concepts of PSS, Design Thinking, Human Needs and Needfinding could inform the design of those participatory processes. Based on the results of interviews, questionnaires and three case studies on Cooperative Housing, a set of three distinguished types of recommendations was developed to guide the design of future participatory processes: overarching models, process enablers and specific methods and tools for each of the process phases. Mainly, the discussion focuses on the concepts of PSS, human needs-centered design and sustainability, and how those can enable a smoother inclusion of elderly.
Joaquin Collar 8 8ºE, 01002 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain +34690666663

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Srinivasan, Asha R. "Studies into sulfur amino acid and bile salt metabolism in pancreatic and liver diseases : profiles of sulfur amino acids and glutathione in acute pancreatitis : method development for total and oxidized glutathione by liquid chromatography : bile salt profiles in liver disease by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4434.

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Sulfur amino acids have critical function as intracellular redox buffers and maintain homeostasis in the external milieu by combating oxidative stress. Synthesis of glutathione (GSH) is regulated at a substrate level by cysteine, which is synthesized by homocysteine via the transsulfuration pathway. Oxidative stress and diminished glutathione pools play a sustained role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. One of the aims of this study was to experimentally address the temporal relationship between plasma sulfur amino acid levels in patients suffering from acute pancreatitis. The data indicated low concentration of cysteine initially, at levels similar to those of healthy controls. Glutathione was found reduced whilst cysteinyl-glycine and γ- glutamyl transpeptidase activity were increased in both mild and severe attacks. As the disease progressed, glutathione and cysteinyl-glycine were further increased in mild attacks and cysteine levels correlated with homocysteine and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. The progress of severe attacks was associated with glutathione depletion, reduced γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and increased cysteinyl-glycine, that correlated with glutathione depletion. The corollary that ample supply of cysteine and cysteinly-glycine does not contribute towards glutathione synthesis in acute pancreatitis poses an important issue that merits resolution. Heightened oxidative stress and depletion of glutathione rationalized the progression of disease in severe attacks. An upsurge that reactive oxygen species can shift redox state of cells is determined by the ratio of the abundant redox couples reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH: GSSG) in cell. The study reported a novel methodology for quantification of total oxidized glutathione (tGSSG) and total glutathione (tGSH) in whole blood using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The novelty of the method is ascertained by the use of a mercaptan scavenger 1, methyl-2-vinyl-pyridinium trifluromethanesulfonate for the total oxidized glutathione determination. The results reported permit quantitation of tGSSG and tGSH and was applied to a control group. Finally, the study was also focussed in developing a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric method to evaluate free and conjugated bile acids in patients suffering from various degrees of cholestatic-hepatobiliary disorders. The study reported low levels of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and slightly high levels of lithocholic acid (LCA). All the primary bile acids seem to be conjugated with glycine and taurine amino acid.

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Cohen, Jessica E. "Egerton Ryerson and educational policy borrowing : aspects of the development of Ontario's system of public instruction, 1844-1876." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bf1d88ae-d7e6-4405-9503-ce8572a633b8.

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Literature within the field of Comparative Education often cautions against the transfer of foreign policies from one context to another. Despite this warning, Ontario’s public education system is said to have been based on an eclectic mix of foreign examples: teacher training institutes replicating Prussian Seminaries, school financing and the role of the chief superintendent and board of education as in the states of Massachusetts and New York, and using the Irish curriculum. This study conceptualises the manner in which these foreign elements became part of the 1846 school law and the reaction of stakeholders in and outside of government. The period covered by this study, 1844 – 1876, corresponds to Egerton Ryerson’s time as Chief Superintendent of education in Ontario. Extensive archival research of incoming and outgoing correspondence from the department of education, district council meeting minutes, newspapers, and local superintendent, inspector and trustee reports revealed contrasting opinions. On the one hand, sources indicated favourable results: increased pupil attendance, number of facilities and money raised to fund schools. There is also evidence that many foreign educationalists not only requested resources from Ontario’s board but aspired to emulate features of the province’s reformed education system in their own nations. This study’s finding of a ‘reverse cross-national attraction’ is a new contribution to Canadian historical studies. However, many resented features of the school bill. Critics called the superintendent and board’s method of organisation ‘Prussian despotism’ in Canadian schools; others argued the injustice of property tax to fund free schools and the cost burden of importing Irish textbooks. An original conceptual framework has been produced to review the manner in which Ryerson defended the new bill and the internalisation of these foreign policies and practices. This framework may serve as an analytical device for those engaged in researching educational policy borrowing.

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Claesson, Stefan, and Christina Claesson. "Eftersöka, utveckla och vårda : när nyckelkompetensen går på två ben." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4407.

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Syfte: Att studera hur relationen mellan arbetsgivaren och den enskilde arbetstagaren påverkar offentlig verksamhets möjlighet att attrahera, rekrytera samt behålla nyckelkompetens inom organisationen.

Metod: Studien har utgått från en kvalitativ datainsamlingsmetod genom intervjuer med respondenter ur Landstinget Gävleborg. Materialet från de genomförda intervjuerna har därefter sammanförts och ställts mot olika sekundära informationskällor, vidare har respondenternas svar analyserats med tillämplig litteratur för att därefter utmynna i våra slutsatser.

Resultat & slutsats: Verksamheten är idag allt för fokuserad på mätning av nyckeltal för att se vad som produceras per skattekrona, och ser inte vilken påverkan som ett ineffektivt kompetensförsörjningssystem av nyckelkompetenser har. Ett vidgat synsätt och omhändertagande av kompetensförsörjningen i allmänhet och kompetensutvecklingen i synnerhet gör att dessa kostnader kommer att betala sig, inkompetensen kostar mer i flera perspektiv.

Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Framtida studier skulle kunna inrikta sig mot att studera hur kompetensförsörjningssystemet ser ut i dag och hur en tänkbar utveckling kan se ut. Den högsta ledningen lägger stort fokus och ansvar på "chefen". Vilken chefs- och ledarskapsutveckling bedrivs idag, vilka brister finns och vad skulle kunna göras för att utveckla den. Vilka kompetensåtgärder genomförs till vilken kostnad och hur påverkar det verksamhetens möjlighet till resurseffektiv verksamhet.

Uppsatsens bidrag: En lyckad och väl fungerande kompetensförsörjning av nyckel-kompetenser kräver ett engagemang från högsta ledningen, som genomsyrar hela organisationen. Arbetsgivarens roll samt hur organisationen är uppbyggnad är en viktig del i om företaget ska ha en framgångsrik och effektiv kompetensförsörjning eller inte. Kom-petensförsörjning omfattar alla påverkansfaktorer och därför kan delområden inte behandlas var för sig utan måste ingå i en helhet, en kompetensförsörjningsprocess.

Aim: To study how the relation between the employer and the employee influence public sectors possibility to attract, recruit and keep key competence within the organisation.

Method: The study is founded on a qualitative method for collection of data through interviews with personnel attached to "Landstinget Gävleborg"[1]. The material gathered during the interviews has then been brought together and compared with different secondary sources, further on the respondents replies has been analyzed in comparison to applicable literature and thereafter derive our conclusions.

Result & Conclusions: The activity today is all too focused on business ratio and to see what is produced for received tax revenues, and don´t reflect on which implications a ineffective system for developing key competences have. A broader perspective and caring for developing competences in general and key competences in particular will make invest-ments worth while, incompetence are more costly in a variety of perspectives.

Suggestions for future research: Future studies could e.g. look further into how a conceivable development of the exciting system for development of competences could look like in the future. Top management have a large focus on and give the director vast responsibility. What director- and leadership development is conducted and what flaws can be seen, and what could be done to eliminate these flaws and develop the system concerning key competences. What measures regarding competences is conducted and to what cost, and how does this inflict on the organisations opportunity to perform a resource effective activity.

Contribution of the thesis: A successful and well functioning competence development of key competences demands a commitment from the top management which permeate the entire organisation. The directors´ role and how the organisation is structured are important parts if the organisation shall have a successful and efficient competence supply, or not. Supplying competence to an organisation includes all factors that have influence on the process, so for that reason can single areas or matters not be managed separately but be part in a solution as a whole, in a competence supplying process.

[1] County council, politically elected body representing a number of municipalities regarding issues concerning e.g. health- and medical service, education and social care.

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Sugarman, Berry. "Improving the Contributions of Indonesia's Third Sector to Socio-Economic Development: The Case of Waqf Administration." Thesis, 2021. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/43465/.

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Third sector organisations (TSOs) play a substantial part in filling the gap left by a government in delivering public services. A TSO usually functions as a complementary institution and alternative system for promoting development. In the Islamic economic system, the concept of TSO has been known in the form of Waqf. Since Waqf has the characteristic of perpetual benefit, it provides sustainable outcomes to society and eventually helps achieve an equal distribution of economic outcomes. Given that potential, its contribution to the economy is surprisingly neglected. Many empirical studies have addressed the importance of developing and reconceptualising the Waqf sector, but limited studies have addressed the inter-relationship dimension in Waqf administration in their analysis. Working with TSO analytical frameworks derived from Weisbrod (1975), Anheier (2005), Najam (2000), and Young (2000), this study explores the role of participants in Waqf administration, specifically in utilising Waqf assets for public services provision. Therefore, this study aims at improving the contribution of Waqf, as an Islamic TSO, to the Indonesian socio-economic development by proposing possible future directions for the Waqf sector. This study used Waqf administration in Indonesia as a case study. The data were gathered from in-depth interviews with 28 participants from government agencies, Waqf institutions, donors, and beneficiaries. Employing content or thematic analysis on the interview results, the study yielded several significant findings. The lack of systematised working relationships between government and Waqf institutions, the absence of an integrated Waqf database, and an unsupportive regulatory framework are among the factors that potentially limit the development of the Waqf sector. It is also argued that Waqf institutions complement the government by using Waqf assets to deliver public services, which outweighs its substitutive function. This finding is consistent with the Najam (2000) and Young (2000) government-TSOs relationships model. The study will conclude by proposing recommendations on future directions for the Waqf sector in Indonesia, including revising the Waqf Law, establishing a nationwide Waqf database, aligning Waqf–government social programs, and incorporating Waqf programs into the government’s annual workplan. The outcome of this study indicated that the government failure, public services provision, and interrelationships theories may provide an appropriate analytical framework to understand the functioning of Waqf administration.

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Частини книг з теми "4404 Development studies"

Engelen, Anne-Mie, Carla Regina Silva, Inmaculada Zango Martín, Lizahn Gracia Cloete, Sandra Schiller, Jeanne Nyirankumbuye Kagwiza, Rieke Hengelaar, and Zeynep Çelik. "Community Development in Occupational Therapy Education." In Teaching and Learning Practices That Promote Sustainable Development and Active Citizenship, 276–305. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4402-0.ch014.

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Occupational therapists consider community-centered practices such as community development essential practice domains. In some parts of the world, community development is strongly embedded in occupational therapy practice, while in other places this approach is emerging and need strengthening. This chapter outlines the synergy between occupational therapy, community development, sustainable development, and critical citizenship. In doing so, it will consider the profession's understanding of the value of an occupational perspective in critically addressing community issues and aiming for sustainable development. A module to prepare occupational therapy students for their potential role in community development processes is associated with case studies from three different continents. These examples give a rich image of community development approaches within occupational therapy practice.

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O’Brien, Jamie. "Lessons from the Private Sector." In Building a Competitive Public Sector with Knowledge Management Strategy, 173–98. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4434-2.ch008.

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The primary aim of this chapter is to operationalize a Knowledge Assessment Framework (KAF) using two exploratory case studies. The development of a KAF is important for the public sector for three reasons. Firstly, the use of knowledge assessment allows firms to pinpoint knowledge gaps. Secondly, it allows firms to manage knowledge more effectively. Thirdly, it gives public sector organizations a diagnostic tool with which to gauge their knowledge base. The effective management of knowledge can be considered a competency that enables a greater level of service to be extracted from other resources within the organization.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "4404 Development studies"

Reinke, N., K. Neu, and H. J. Allelein. "ASTEC: An Integral Code for Simulation of Severe Light Water Reactor Accidents." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89280.

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The integral code ASTEC (Accident Source Term Evaluation Code) commonly developed by IRSN and GRS is a fast running programme, which allows the calculation of entire sequences of severe accidents (SA) in light water reactors from the initiating event up to the release of fission products into the environment, thereby covering all important in-vessel and containment phenomena. Thus, the main fields of ASTEC application are intended to be accident sequence studies, uncertainty and sensitivity studies, probabilistic safety analysis level 2 studies as well as support to experiments. The modular structure of ASTEC allows running each module independently and separately, e.g. for separate effects analyses, as well as a combination of multiple modules for coupled effects testing and integral analyses. Among activities concentrating on the validation of individual ASTEC modules describing specific phenomena, the applicability to reactor cases marks an important step in the development of the code. Feasibility studies on plant applications have been performed for several reactor types such as the German Konvoi PWR 1300, the French PWR 900, and the Russian VVER-1000 and −440 with sequences like station blackout, small- or medium-break loss-of-coolant accident, and loss-of-feedwater transients. Subject of this paper is a short overview on the ASTEC code system and its current status with view to the application to severe accidents sequences at several PWRs, exemplified by selected calculations.

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Mubarok, F., J. Puranen, P. Vuoristo, R. Johnsen, and N. Espallargas. "Effect of Suspension Characteristics on Microstructure of Suspension Plasma Sprayed SiC Submicron Coatings." In ITSC2011, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and A. McDonald. DVS Media GmbH, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2011p0734.

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Abstract Thermal spraying of pure SiC is difficult due to decomposition issues at elevated temperatures. However, the development of suspension plasma spray opens a new path to investigate the deposition of this material since the liquid carrier can hinder this phenomenon. The present work investigates a new route for producing SiC submicron structured coating by suspension plasma spraying (SPS). Classical SiC manufacturing routes using suspension (i.e: spray drying, tape casting) are studied regarding their feasibility to be used on suspension plasma spraying. Aqueous-based suspensions containing 10 wt.% SiC powder (0.60 µm) along with sintering additives are dispersed and stabilized. Both suspensions are sprayed on martensitic stainless steel substrate (AISI 440C) to achieve finely structured and dense coatings. Digital image analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy are utilized to characterize the coating microstructures. Their dependency on suspension characteristics and spray operation parameters are discussed with respect to the final coating performance.

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Santos, Júlio, João Braga, Henrique Alves, Jeremy Silva, Daniel Resende, André Teixeira, and Marcos Kakitani. "Development of a low-cost ground segment capable of receiving data from nanosatellites: a partnership between Brazil and Portugal." In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.118.

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Two universities joined forces to develop a shared ground segment (Ground Stations and Mission Operation Centers) for satellite signals reception, capable of working together autonomously in a network to receive telemetry data and decode information. The main objective of this cooperation and network is to, firstly, give both universities an infrastructure capable of receiving signals in VHF and UHF. Secondly, and most importantly, it aims to create an exchange of experiences between students from these universities while also contributing to the regional development of each country in nanosatellite data reception technology. The ground segment itself provides mutual data collection on a private server, using two ground stations located in different hemispheres to expand global coverage and minimize revisit time, which also contributes to supplying the nanosatellite telemetries database, which is being built in Portugal. The server architecture allows both universities to schedule future passes of their chosen satellites, recording them in a log file that can be used in future studies, enabling research groups to gain experience in signal processing analysis. The modular system is developed entirely using Commercial Of-The-Shelf (COTS) components and 3D printed parts, including Antennas, Amplifiers, Filters and also SDRs (Software Defined Radio), leaving the door open to new integrations that can expand frequency coverage, or system performance improvements. The design supports a wide variety of missions, operating on amateur radio frequency in VHF (2 m band of 144-146 MHz) and UHF (70 cm band of 430-440 MHz), enabling remote access and remote control of the antennas and their recorded data. All the ground segment architecture, hardware, and software, as well as its operational procedures, are discussed in this paper and can be found in detail on our public repository in GitLab. As of March 21st, it has completed several observations for verification. The results are being processed on a low-cost computer (Raspberry Pi4) connected to an SDR which in turn connects to the antennas. The assembly of this interface intends to give a friendly user experience and, if desirable, an easy expansion of this system. The project developed can be easily replicated in other locations around the world, mainly because of its low price and ease of use.

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Cerasoli, Mario. "Efectos territoriales de los procesos de privatización de las infraestructuras: el caso de los ferrocarriles del estado y el proyecto ferro-viario de alta velocidad." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Mexicali: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7654.

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Desde la mitad de los años 80, las empresas públicas de infraestructuras tuvieron que convertirse en empresas privadas. Si, por un lado, es cierto que las directivas de la UE en materia de privatización se crearon para reglamentar los mercados internos y la competencia, por otro lado, no parece que tuvieron debidamente en cuenta los impactos que la privatización podría tener sobre el territorio y por esto hubo recaídas sobre el territorio en términos de desarrollo y planificación de la red ferroviaria y en la gestión del transporte de pasajeros y cargas. Este documento describe el progreso de la investigación que se está desarrollando en el Departa-mento de Estudios Urbanos de la Universidad “Roma Tre”, y que quiere comprobar la hipótesis de que la privatización de empresas de infraestructura tiene efectos espaciales no previstos. A través de un enfoque multidisciplinario se estudia principalmente la evolución del marco de compe-tencias en materia de planificación/programación y ejecución/gestión de las infraestructuras (tanto antes como después de la Directiva n.91/440/CEE), con especial referencia a las relaciones entre los actores planificadores y los de las infraestructuras y a la actualización de la directiva de la UE en Ita-lia y en otros países europeos. El caso de estudio se refiere a los ferrocarriles estatales, con especial atención al proyecto Alta Velocidad en contraposición a la red ferroviaria de nivel local. La investigación tiene como objetivo definir una visión sintética de las ventajas y desventajas, espe-radas e inesperadas, que la aplicación de las directivas de la UE sobre la privatización de las infraes-tructuras ha tenido en el territorio, entendido como un fenómeno complejo que combina objetivos so-ciales, económicos y ambientales en relación continua y recíproca que constituyen el escenario de nuestras vidas. Un posible resultado para este trabajo será la identificación de posibles correctores a los mecanis-mos de las privatizaciones, tanto en términos de aplicación de las directivas de la UE como en térmi-nos de revisión del marco administrativo en temas de infraestructura y en el proceso de construcción del territorio. Since the mid-'80s, infrastructural public companies had to be converted into private com-panies. If it is true that the EU-directives on privatization were created to regulate markets and com-petition, it does not seem they have adequately considered the impacts that privatization would have on the territory. Actually, there have been significant impacts on the territory in terms of development and planning of railway networks and management of passenger and cargo transport. This document describes the progress of a research that is being developed at the Department of Ur-ban Studies, University “Roma Tre”, which aims at testing the hypothesis that the privatization of the infrastructural company produced unforeseen territorial impacts. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the research mainly focus on the evolution of the competency framework for planning/programming and construction/management of infrastructure (both before and after the Directive n.91/440/CEE), with special reference to the relationship between actors involved in planning and those dealing with infrastructure, comparing Italy with other European countries. The case study concerns the state railways, with a focus on High-Speed Rail Project (TAV), and the condition of the remaining local railway network. The research aims to defining a general overview of the advantages and disadvantages – expected and unexpected – that the implementation of EU directives on infrastructures privatization has had on the territory, seen as a complex phenomenon that combines social, economic and environmental ob-jectives in a continuous and reciprocal relationship that constitutes the backgrounds of our life. A possible result for this job will be to identify possible corrective measures to the privatization proc-ess, in terms of implementation of EU directives, revision of the administrative framework dealing with infrastructure and revision of the land construction process.

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