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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "4804 Law in context"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "4804 Law in context"

Sobieski, Leszek. "E-HEALTH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLE. COMMENTS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF POLISH LAW." Review of European and Comparative Law 35, no. 4 (June 16, 2019): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.4808.

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In the article an attempt was made to present the assumptions of Polish legislative solutions concerning e-health in the context of one of the basic principles of European philosophical and legal thought – the principle of subsidiarity. The principle of subsidiarity, the essence of which is to leave it to the political communities to carry out tasks for which they can take responsibility, has been incorporated into the legislation of nation states and the European Union, determiningthe identity of European civilisation. Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland are an example of the translation of the subsidiarity principle into legal norms. Attention has been paid to the possibility of decentralising and delegating competences to lower levels of public authority in the field of health, using or amending the e-health legislation accordingly. Appropriate division of tasks and competences in the area of health care, taking into account the subsidiarity principle, can be observed at both national and EU level. European Union law recognises the autonomy of the Member States to define national health regulations. On the basis of selected national and EU regulations, a definition of e-health has been proposed, understood as a set of provisions within the health care system regulating the collection, processing of data and provision of health care services in order to identify and optimise the satisfaction of individual and collective health needs as well as to pursue an effective health policy by public authorities. The basic assumptions of key national and EU legal acts are also indicated. On the basis of the solutions adopted in the Act on Health Care Services Financed from Public Funds, the formal possibility of delegating and effective performance of tasks has been demonstrated in the field of health protection by local government units. New information and communication technologies provide the basis for a more complete implementation of the subsidiarity principle in health protection, as they enable the necessary knowledge on the collective and individual health needs at European, national and any other expected level – regional, population, age to be gathered and transferred. They are a tool, previously unavailable, for the precise identification of the needs of separated communities. On the other hand, new technologies can be a tool for communities to meet these needs to the extent that they are able to provide organisational and financial security. The combination of new information and communication technologies with the application of a systematic concept of tasks implementation based on the principle of subsidiarity will allow for a change in the model of health care in Poland.

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Bompadre, Viviana, Thomas M. Jinguji, N. David Yanez, Emma K. Satchell, Kaiulani Gilbert, Monique Burton, Ernest U. Conrad, and Stanley A. Herring. "Washington State's Lystedt Law in Concussion Documentation in Seattle Public High Schools." Journal of Athletic Training 49, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.30.

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Context: The Lystedt law requires high school athletes who have sustained a concussion to be removed from practice and play and not to be allowed to return until cleared by a medical professional. Objective: To determine the effect of the Lystedt law on injury and concussion documentation in the Seattle public high schools. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Seattle public high schools. Patients or Other Participants: The numbers of students, aged 13 to 19 years in the 2008–2009, 2009–2010, and 2010–2011 school years, were 4348, 4925, and 4806, respectively. Main Outcome Measure(s): All injuries documented in SportsWare by athletic trainers in Seattle public high schools. We evaluated all injuries, including concussions recorded during the 2008–2009 school year, before the Lystedt law, and during the 2 school years after the law took effect (2009–2010 and 2010–2011). Incidence rates before and after the law were estimated and compared. Results: The concussion rate was −1.09% in 2008–2009, 2.26% in 2009–2010, and 2.26% in 2010–2011. A comparison of relative risks showed that the incidence rates of concussions were different before and 1 year after the Lystedt law (relative risk = 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.50, 2.93) and 2 years after the law (relative risk = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.49, 2.93). Overall, the mean number of days out of play after 2008–2009 was almost 7 days greater after the law took effect (difference = 6.9 days; 95% CI = 0.70, 13.1). For females, the mean number of days out of play after 2008–2009 was more than 17 days in 2009–2010 (difference = 17.2 days; 95% CI = 4.81, 29.5) and was more than 6 days in 2010–2011 (difference = 6.3 days; 95% CI = 1.62, 11.0). Conclusions: The number of documented concussions more than doubled after the institution of the Lystedt law, which may be attributed to heightened awareness and closer monitoring.

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Davidov, Guy. "The Changing Law of the Employment Relationship: Comparative Analyses in the European Context By Nicola Countouris, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2007. 251 pp. ISBN 978-0-7546-4800-0 £55.00 hardback." International Journal of Law in Context 4, no. 3 (September 2008): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552308223062.

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Wnukiewicz-Kozłowska, Agata, and Urszula Dorota Drozdowska. "Causal Effect Relationship in Medical Cases. An Old Problem in a New Scenario. Commentary to CJEU Judgment (Second Chamber) of 21 June 2017, N.W. & Others V. Sanofi Pasteur MSD & Others, Case C-621/15, EU:C:2017:484. Approbative Gloss." Review of European and Comparative Law 46, no. 3 (August 21, 2021): 263–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.12264.

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This commentary evaluates the problem in assessing the role of a causal connection between damage and the use of a defective medical product, specifically a vaccine. The judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the Sanofi Pasteur Case, which allowed the possibility of recognizing damage claims, even in cases where the prevailing scientific theory claims that there is no scientific evidence of a causal link between a vaccination and the disease, became a base for consideration. Consequently, procedural solutions (such as the standard of proof required, the admissibility of prima facie evidence reasoning and other solutions in cases of an uncertain causation) remain to be decided by national law. The authors assessed two legal systems: the French and Polish legal systems in the context of how to resolve these dilemmas and to describe the impact of the above-mentioned judgment on the case-law of French and Polish courts as regards the application of Directive 85/374/EEC. As a result, they concluded that the most important interpretative motive has become the individual interest of the vaccination’s victim as a consumer of medical services. It seems to be in accordance with Directive 85/374/EEC, which is motivated by the necessity of approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning the liability of the producer for damage caused by the defectiveness of his products. However, since the existing divergences may distort competition and affect the movement of goods within the common market and entail a differing degree of protection of the consumer against damage caused by a defective product to his health or property, in countries belonging to the European Union, the authors wonder how the commented judgment will affect the further development of consumers protection against defective vaccines.

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Rinaldi, Daniele, Fabrizio Daví, and Luigi Montalto. "On the photoelastic constants and the Brewster law for stressed tetragonal crystals." Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 41, no. 8 (February 15, 2018): 3103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.4804.

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Cane, Peter. "Context, context everywhere." International Journal of Law in Context 16, no. 4 (December 2020): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552320000208.

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Watson, Alan. "Law Out of Context." Edinburgh Law Review 4, no. 2 (May 2000): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2000.4.2.147.

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Law is out of context much of the time, even perhaps most of the time. A society makes law: the society changes, politically or economically, hut the law remains the same or little changed. Often this has astonishing consequences. This paper takes a number of striking examples that have been generally unremarked or underemphasised to indicate some of the dimensions of the problem of the relationship between law and society. Justinian's Digest and Institutes provide numerous instances, while classical Roman jurists never present law as it was in reality and Roman rhetoricians present legal arguments without law. Modern South African cases on delict often proceed on arguments drawn from the Roman lex Aquilia of 287 BC, though it is accepted on all sides that the basic principles of that law had been rejected very much earlier. German law professors in the nineteenth century present German law for a modernised industrial state on the basis of an interpretation of misinterpreted Roman law. Today's American law professors present American law as it never was, is not, and never will be. What is startling about these arguments and conclusions is that the legislators, judges, legal writers and law professors had, and have, no intention to deceive or mislead.

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Glazyrin, V. A. "Law Matters (Sociological Context)." Sociology and Law, no. 3 (October 4, 2019): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/2219-6242-2019-3-33-39.

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Fundamental basis of sociological study of law is the fact that legal institutions are inherent in any societies except archaic ones. The aim of the article is to show the possibilities of sociological study of societies by means of study of their legal institutions. First, Durkheim’s concept of study of societies through legal norms is presented. Then, the author’s perspective of the paradigm “law matters” is shown. This paradigm is considered as a research guidepost in study of law in modern sociology. The importance of study of dialectics of institutionalisation of violence and freedom in sociological and legal research is pointed out. Institutional complementarity of law and modern democratic societies is emphasized.

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Harris, Edward M., and David Johnston. "Roman Law in Context." Classical World 95, no. 1 (2001): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4352630.

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Selznick, Philip. "'Law in Context' Revisited." Journal of Law and Society 30, no. 2 (June 2003): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6478.00252.

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Дисертації з теми "4804 Law in context"

Saito, Midori. "Reading Jean Rhys in the context of Caribbean literature : re-positioning her texts in the Negritude movement and the Caribbean literary renaissance in London." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2010. http://research.gold.ac.uk/4804/.

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This thesis locates Jean Rhys’ texts specifically within the context of Negritude and the Caribbean literary Renaissance in London. The thesis reads the texts within the context of Caribbean literature and challenges the trend in Rhys’ criticism that segregates her from black Caribbean writers. Positioning Rhys in relation to both her Caribbean male and female contemporaries, I argue for the contexualising of her fiction in the body of Caribbean literature. I also seek to unveil links between Rhys and black Caribbean women writers through a shared critique of gender and I offer a contrapuntal reading of Rhys’ texts as Caribbean literature. Beginning with a consideration of Rhys’ texts in relation to both European modernists’ and surrealists’ texts, I emphasise her different perspective on the cultural ‘other’. I see this difference as crucial when examining her relationship with Caribbean modernism, notably with the Negritude movement. Rhys’ texts are contrasted to works of specific Negritude writers, notably Claude McKay and Aimé Césaire, who were both deeply influenced by modernist aesthetics. Rhys’ texts are compared to those of Negritude women writers such as Suzanne Lacascade and Mayotte Capécia, especially in relation to their shared challenge to patriarchy and resisting the notion of essentialist racial categories. A similar comparison is made in the context of the Caribbean Literary Renaissance specifically in relation to the BBC’s Caribbean Voices and the Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM) in London. Rhys’ ambivalence towards national identity as well as to Western feminism is compared to Una Marson’s radical feminism, analysed in view of Sylvia Wynter’s theoretical insights. Finally Wide Sargasso Sea is mapped against Rhys’ contemporary Caribbean male writers’ rewriting of The Tempest, demonstrating that Rhys’ rewriting of Jane Eyre is an articulation of Caribbean feminism.

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Anderson, Scott Alan. "Legal indeterminacy in context." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1162267088.

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Qi, Chunfang. "Death penalty reform in China : international law context." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2018. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/25364/.

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This thesis provides an account of the history and the status quo of the death penalty in China, along with an analysis of its possible reform in the future. It begins by looking at the history of the use of the death penalty in China from the pre-Qin-Han era to the present. It revolves around consideration of the international law context, the drawbacks of and challenges to the Chinese legal system concerning the use of the death penalty and the would-be approaches to death penalty reform in China against the background of the global abolition movement. It examines the debates between reformists/neo-liberal cosmopolitans and conservatives in Chinese legal history from the end of the Qing dynasty to present-day China. Concerning the international law context, this thesis analyses how China treats international treaties, especially capital punishment related human rights treaties (mainly the ICCPR), on the legislative and judicial level. It studies the factors that have influenced the abolition movement in European countries. The thesis examines the Chinese Criminal Law and the Criminal Procedure Law to find challenges and gaps concerning the use of the death penalty between the Chinese legal system and the requirements of international human rights treaties. It also analyses case studies and empirical studies of capital crimes. Subsequently, the work outlines a number of alternative punishments to the death penalty and possible approaches to reform. It also analyses the present impetus for reform of the death penalty in China from a socio-economic perspective. The thesis further examines Chinese public opinion concerning the reform/abolition of the death penalty, as reflected in various surveys conducted by the author herself, as well as other Chinese or foreign scholars, for which a detailed analysis is provided in Appendix 6. Finally some possible suggestions and solutions are provided for the future reform of the death penalty in China.

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Kituri, Peter Maganga. "Margin squeeze in the South African context." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12919.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Following the introduction of the margin squeeze cause of action into South African competition law jurisprudence, the question arises whether the Senwes decisions, have definitively clarified the criteria against which future margin squeeze abuse cases will be dealt with and whether these criteria have evolved into a standalone cause of action. This dissertation will demonstrate the absurdity of the Constitutional Court decision, to delete all references to margin squeeze in the decision of the Competition Tribunal which it upheld while retaining the underlying criteria against which future margins queeze cases will be adjudicated. This dissertation will additionally demonstrate that the Senwes cases, in particular the Tribunal decision read with the Constitutional Court decision, have on the one hand only marginally delineated and elaborated on the elements necessary to establish a margin squeeze abuse, but have on the other hand established margin squeeze as a standalone cause of action in terms of which offending firms can be prosecuted in South African competition jurisprudence.

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MacLeod, John Alasdair. "Fraud and voidable transfer : Scots law in European context." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9586.

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This thesis examines fraud as a basis for the voidability of transfers in Scots law. In particular, it focuses on misrepresentation and fraud on creditors. In so doing, an attempt is made to provide a principled account of the effect of fraud on transfer which can explain the well-established rules in this area, show how these rules fit within the broader framework of private law and provide some guidance as to the appropriate result in cases where a rule is not clearly established. This account depends on examining the development of the law from a historical and comparative perspective, with particular emphasis on the periods during which the relevant rules and institutions were being developed or received in Scotland and on the links between this process and the wider ius commune tradition. The central contention is that avoidance of a transfer on the basis of fraud is justified by a personal right held by the party at whose instance the avoidance takes place. In the core cases, this personal right is a right to reparation for a wrong for which the transferee is liable. At the periphery, the personal right may arise from the law of unjustified enrichment rather than from the law of delict. This characterisation of the basis of avoidance explains the protection afforded to subsequent acquirers and the limited effect which avoidance has in certain circumstances. It shows the interaction between the law of property and the law of obligations in this area and enables principles developed in the context of one instance of fraud on creditors to be applied to difficult problems in relation to other instances.

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Turner, Gabrielle. "The role of tort law in the medical context." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22448.

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Current proposals in the United Kingdom and Canada recommend the implementation of no-fault compensation schemes for victims of medical accidents. This thesis argues that although such schemes provide an efficient method of distributing general compensation, there is nevertheless a continuing role for the tort liability mechanism. Due to the fact that tort liability is founded on an ethic of individual responsibility, the potential for public accountability of particular medical professionals will be maintained by preserving the common law action in negligence. There is also an important role for tort law doctrine in reflecting a move away from the traditional paternalistic structure of the doctor-patient relationship towards a desirable shared decision-making model. The fact that compensation schemes are not amenable to these goals indicates the necessity of maintaining a dual system, in order to accommodate the plurality of objectives that should be achieved in this context.

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Mongkolkiatsri, Sirichai. "Private international law context of defamation in the United Kingdom and the European Union context /." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=26230.

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Leonavičiūtė, Simona. "Diplomatic asylum in the context of public international law." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120703_133030-41044.

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Every state may face a bid for protection in embassies or consulates from persons looking for a shelter in dangerous situations to their lives and safety. Even though diplomatic asylum is more peculiar to Latin America region, no State is prevented from such seekers. Practical examples show that diplomatic asylum helped to safe thousands of people in countries where instability of governments exist, during wars or in situations where no other alternative of protection was available. Grant of diplomatic asylum is a problematic issue because it raises question which value should prevail: inviolability of premises or non interference into internal affairs, protection of human rights or sovereignty of State. This master thesis attempts to find out what is the current position of diplomatic asylum in the context of public international law and on what grounds it could be granted in embassies and consulates. For this aim, the thesis is focused on the evolution and main features of diplomatic asylum, on its relation with regional and universal international law instruments, on dominating positions to diplomatic asylum in the case law. International treaties, state practice and various positions of legal writers were analyzed in order to reveal grounds for granting diplomatic asylum. In the States where diplomatic asylum is recognized, it is granted according to the existing legal regulation. In the States where diplomatic asylum is not considered as legal institute, it is granted on... [to full text]
Kiekviena valstybė savo ambasadose ar konsulatuose gali sulaukti asmenų prašančių prieglobsčio dėl gresiančio pavojaus gyvybei ar saugumui. Nors diplomatinis prieglobstis yra būdingesnis Lotynų Amerikos regionui, nė viena valstybė nėra apsaugota nuo tokio prašymo. Praktiniai pavyzdžiai rodo, kad diplomatinis prieglobstis padėjo išgelbėti tūkstančius gyvybių ten, kur vykdavo dažna politinės valdžios kaita, per karus, ar tokiose situacijose, kur nebuvo galima rasti jokios kitos apsaugos. Diplomatinio prieglobsčio suteikimas yra problematiškas klausimas, kadangi nėra aišku, kam turėtų būti teikiama pirmenybė: atstovybės patalpų neliečiamybei ar nesikišimo į valstybės vidaus reikalus principui, žmogaus teisių apsaugai ar valstybės suverenitetui. Šiuo magistro darbu siekiama išsiaiškinti diplomatinio prieglobsčio svarbą tarptautines teisės kontekste, kokie yra galimi pagrindai šiam prieglobsčiui suteikti. Šiam tikslui pasiekti, didelis dėmesys skiriamas diplomatinio prieglobsčio vystymuisi ir pagrindiniams bruožams, jo santykiui su regioniniais ir visuotiniais tarptautines teises dokumentais, dominuojančia pozicija teismų praktikoje. Pagrindams diplomatiniui prieglobsčiui rasti buvo analizuojamos tarptautinės sutartys, šalių praktika ir skirtingos autorių nuomonės. Tose šalyse, kur diplomatinis prieglobstis yra pripažįstamas, jis yra suteikiamas pagal esamą teisinį reguliavimą. Kitose šalyse, nepripažįstančiose diplomatinio prieglobsčio kaip teisinio instituto, jis yra suteikiamas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Eser, Sophie. "The responsible man : a study in two private prisons." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8274c151-0121-4804-8965-89d48d7d8d25.

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With the expansion of the use of private prisons and detention centres worldwide and the increasing involvement of private actors in the provision of custodial services, this doctoral thesis considers life inside two private prisons in England. Using theoretically informed ethnography it evaluates the effect of responsibility on men imprisoned in two private prisons in England. Firstly, it briefly reviews the background and development of prison privatisation in England and Wales and considers the role and place of private prisons as part of a wider neo-liberal shift. Secondly, using qualitative data gathered inside two private prisons, it evaluates if these prisons, through their regimes, are trying to create responsible self-governing prisoners. The thesis reviews both, how regimes and practices in place in these two prisons attempt to forge responsible prisoners, and how individual men and groups of prisoners experience, feel about, cope with and assimilate penal messages of self-governance and responsibility. Finally, it questions both the impact of responsible prisoners for prisons and the impact of responsibility on prisoners and argues that, whilst there is a benefit to fostering environments in which prisoners are enabled to become responsible and self-governing, a careful balance must be maintained, as for some men the responsibility itself becomes characteristic of the "pain of imprisonment".

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De, Villiers Isolde. "South African legal culture in a transformative context." Diss., Pretoria ; [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09272009-155336/.

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Книги з теми "4804 Law in context"

Simon, Bronitt, ed. Law in context. 4th ed. Annandale, N.S.W: Federation Press, 2012.

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Bottomley, Stephen. Law in context. Leichardt, N.S.W: Federation Press, 1991.

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Bottomley, Stephen. Law in context. Leichhardt, NSW: Federation Press, 1994.

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Fitzgerald, Martin. Business law in context. London: Greenwich University Press, 2002.

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Law out of context. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000.

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Roman law in context. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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Doak, Jonathan, Claire McGourlay, and Mark Thomas. Evidence: Law and Context. [Fifth edition]. | Abingdon, Oxon [UK]; New York, NY:: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315166285.

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Constitutional law in context. 3rd ed. Durham, N.C: Carolina Academic Press, 2010.

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Elise, Histed, and Page John, eds. Australian land law in context. South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press, 2012.

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Barnett, Randy E. Constitutional law: Cases in context. New York: Aspen Pub., 2008.

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Частини книг з теми "4804 Law in context"

Bosshard, Karin. "Context." In Law and Economics of Personalized Medicine, 53–99. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22074-7_3.

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Vallbé, Joan-Josep. "Empirical Context." In Law, Governance and Technology Series, 119–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9427-5_4.

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Adeola, Aderomola. "Context." In Internally Displaced Persons and the Law in Nigeria, 1–21. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003146025-1.

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Slack, Paul. "The Law in Context." In The English Poor Law 1531–1782, 49–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06720-6_5.

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Greenberg, Jessica. "Pedagogies of context." In Law, Language and the Courtroom, 147–59. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003153771-13.

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Livings, Ben. "Context and connection." In The Teaching of Criminal Law, 139–50. New York, NY: Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315731902-12.

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Kroll, Rainer. "Internal Investigations Context." In Internal Investigations for Law Enforcement, 3–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21527-8_2.

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Askey, Simon, and Ian McLeod. "The Constitutional Context of English Law." In Studying Law, 34–50. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-41269-0_3.

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Carson, David, Jonathan Montgomery, and Elsa Montgomery. "Nursing responsibility in context." In Nursing and the Law, 38–51. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10961-6_5.

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Pečujlić, Anja Nakarada. "The changing global context." In The Space Law Stalemate, 31–58. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003303343-4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "4804 Law in context"

Wilkins, C. G., S. Croft, B. Daniels, and S. Wardle. "Combined HRGS/PNCC Systems for the Assay of Plutonium Contaminated Waste Arising From the Drigg Retrieval Project." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4804.

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Between 1959 and 1967, Plutonium Contaminated Material (PCM) was stored in the magazines at the Low Level Waste Facility at Drigg. However, PCM is now classified as Intermediate Level Waste — rather than Low Level Waste — and so a programme to remove the PCM is underway. In support of this programme a suite of safety related non-destructive assay instrumentation has been supplied to the Drigg Site in order to characterise the PCM prior to transportation. Three identical assay systems employing High Resolution Gamma Spectrometry (HRGS) and Passive Neutron Coincidence Counting (PNCC) have been installed in the new waste retrieval facilities on three of the PCM magazines. These Retrieval Module Monitors allow the fissile content and radionuclide inventory of individual items of PCM to be determined before they are placed with other items into 200 litre drums and transported across the Drigg site to a temporary drum storage facility. In addition, two assay systems of a different design have also been installed in a new PCM Drum export facility. The purpose of these Drum Monitors is to determine the fissile content and radionuclide inventory of drums of PCM that have been retrieved from the magazines before they are transported to Sellafield. Like the Retrieval Module Monitors, the Drum Monitors also uses the HRGS and PNCC techniques to measure drums of up to 400 litre capacity but in this case a scanning detector is used instead of three fixed gamma detectors. This paper describes the characteristics of both the Retrieval and Drum Monitors, the particular requirements for these systems and the means by which they were designed, built and tested in order to ensure that they delivered their primary safety function, which was to not underestimate the fissile content of the items of PCM they measure.

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Cantarella, Jacques, and Ingrid Verstraeten. "National Decommissioning Management System: Experience and Lessons Learned." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4809.

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Since 1980, the National Agency ONDRAF/NIRAS has been responsible by law for the safe management of all radioactive waste produced in Belgium, including decommissioning waste. In 1991, its responsibility was extended by Royal Decree of 16.10.91 to the field of decommissioning, its main specific assignments being: • The collection and evaluation of data (physical and radiological inventories) from nuclear plants; • The approval of decommissioning programmes, including decommissioning cost evaluations and mechanisms of funding. Already in the early 90s, ONDRAF/NIRAS started with the implementation of its own integrated data processing system, recording the physical and radiological inventories of nuclear plants and allowing the evaluation of the quantities of decommissioning materials and waste as well as of the decommissioning costs of the plants. In 1997, the law on the inventory of nuclear liabilities of 12.12.97 completed and enforced the decree of 1991, stating that the agency will: • Draw up a register specifying the location and condition of all nuclear facilities and all sites containing radioactive substances on Belgian territory; • Estimate the cost of decommissioning and cleaning up these facilities and sites; • Evaluate the availability of sufficient funds to carry out these future or ongoing operations; • Update the inventory every five years. As a result, during these last few years, ONDRAF/NIRAS had to deal with an increasing amount of decommissioning data (submission of inventories, new decommissioning plans and also a first batch of five-yearly revisions) concerning a larger diversity of facility types (enlargement of activities to “smaller” licensees, like universities, hospitals, etc). Simultaneously and consequently, ONDRAF/NIRAS faced the need to integrate a larger range of field-experienced decontamination and dismantling techniques, performed by different decommissioning companies, in order to obtain more refined and “pertinent” cost evaluations. For the same purposes, it appeared necessary to consider alternative waste processing possibilities, especially for very low-level waster arising from decommissioning activities. In 2000, ONDRAF/NIRAS started to upgrade its Decommissioning Management System (DMS) in order to enhance the quality of the database (integrity, intrinsic validity, extrinsic validity, completeness and accuracy) and simultaneously to develop the flexibility and the abilities of the evaluation functions. This paper presents and describes the latest version of the ONDRAF/NIRAS DMS (the data model, interface facilities, and the calculation and reporting possibilities) putting emphasis on experience gained and on some of the first lessons learned. The two first sections of this paper give an overview of the National Agency’s main missions and outline the information and data collection process in the framework of decommissioning and inventory. Indeed, the context in which the updated DMS was developed and the difficulties encountered during the data collection process should inform the reader about the way the upgrading of the data system has been thought out and the alternatives the National Agency had to deal with. In the third section, the main functionalities of the DMS modules are set out in concrete terms, the main modules being: • The “Inventories” module, recording their physical and radiological inventories for the sites that fall within the scope; • The “Techniques” module, integrating measurement, decontamination, dismantling and special recycling techniques, as well as their unit cost elements; • The “Waste” module, integrating standard and special waste categories, their packaging, transportation and processing possibilities, as well as their unit cost elements; • The “Nominal Forecast” module, linking an inventory to selected techniques and waste costs, associated with the “best estimate” reference calculation scenario; • The “Scenario” module, dealing with the storage and evaluation of alternative scenarios (pessimistic or optimistic ones, deferred dismantling, etc). The last section focuses on experience gained through developing the upgraded DMS and putting it into operation. Some potentialities of the upgraded DMS are also discussed.

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Agapov, Pavel, and Kirill Stepkin. "SECTANITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MANIFESTATIONS OF MODERN RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM." In Law and law: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02033-3/173-178.

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The article considers the general theoretical foundations of the relationship of sectarianism and religious extremism in the Russian Federation. Practical examples of the role of destructive sects in modern religious extremism in the Russian Federation are given.

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Bocharnikov, Andrey, and Viktor Shagaev. "CINEMA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE INFORMATION WAR: IDEOLOGICAL, MORAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS." In Law and law: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02033-3/019-030.

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Demidov, Alexander I. "Genealogy Of Social Order: Law – Regularity – Law (Institute)." In International Scientific and Practical Conference «State and Law in the Context of Modern Challenges. European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.01.27.

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Mahan, J. Robert, Anum R. Barki, and Kory J. Priestley. "Diffraction and Polarization Effects in Radiation Heat Transfer: A Case Study." In ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2017-4804.

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The Monte-Carlo ray-trace (MCRT) method is particularly well suited to the optical design of instrumentation in which very small radiant signals must be separated from a strong background. The present contribution explores an important application lying at the intersection of physical optics and radiation heat transfer. Specifically, we consider instruments intended to monitor the planetary energy budget from low earth orbit. To accommodate the increasingly exigent accuracy requirements imposed by the Earth science community, it has become necessary to include effects such as diffraction and polarization that are normally omitted in traditional radiation heat transfer modeling. This requires that the usual concept of a “ray” be extended to include wavelength, a phase angle, and polarization. A realistic instrument concept is considered that fully exercises the ability of such an approach to capture optical effects that are either ignored or assessed “offline” in traditional modeling efforts. Investigated is the range of variation of detector illumination when the effects of the source spectral content, diffraction, and polarization are included.

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Akhrameeva, Olga. "Reception And Traditional Law In The Formation Of Russian Law Of Inheritance." In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.7.

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Zametina, Tamara Vladimirovna, Elena Valeryevna Kombarova, and Elena Yurevna Balashova. "Human Rights as a Universal Value in the Context of Artificial Intelligence Development." In XIV European-Asian Congress "The value of law" (EAC-LAW 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201205.003.

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Kovaleva, Viktoria Viktorovna. "Value of Legal Regulation in the Context of the Challenges of the XXI Century." In XIV European-Asian Congress "The value of law" (EAC-LAW 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201205.027.

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"MEANS OF ELECTRONIC EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION." In Global Business and Law Development Imperatives. Київський національний торговельно-економічний університет, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/k.knute.2019-10-10.98.

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Звіти організацій з теми "4804 Law in context"

Potts, Natalie, and Genna Reeves-DeArmond. Re-evaluation of Laver’s Law in the context of fashion trend revival. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1109.

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Cooper, Danielle, and Katherine Klosek. Copyright and Streaming Audiovisual Content in the US Context. Ithaka S+R, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18665/sr.318118.

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Copyright law includes special rights for research and teaching, including the fair use right, which can help address gaps between the educational activities that technology facilitates and the exclusive rights copyright grants to authors. In this brief, we review how US copyright law currently applies to streaming content for educational and research purposes and explore the opportunities for academic libraries.

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S. Abdellatif, Omar. Localizing Human Rights SDGs: Ghana in context. Raisina House, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/gh2021sdg.

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In September 2015, Ghana along all UN member states endorsed the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the cardinal agenda towards achieving a prosperous global future. The SDGs are strongly interdependent, making progress in all goals essential for a country’s achievement of sustainable development. While Ghana and other West African nations have exhibited significant economic and democratic development post-independence. The judiciary system and related legal frameworks, as well as the lack of rule law and political will for safeguarding the human rights of its citizens, falls short of considering violations against minorities. Will Ghana be able to localize human rights related SDGs, given that West African governments historically tended to promote internal security and stability at the expense of universal human rights? This paper focuses on evaluating the commitments made by Ghana towards achieving Agenda 2030, with a particular focus on the SDGs 10 and 16 relating to the promotion of reduced inequalities, peace, justice and accountable institutions. Moreover, this paper also analyzes legal instruments and state laws put in place post Ghana’s democratization in 1992 for the purpose of preventing discrimination and human rights violations in the nation. The article aims to highlight how Ghana’s post-independence political experience, the lack of rule of law, flaws in the judiciary system, and the weak public access to justice are obstacles to its effective localization of human rights SGDs. Those obstacles to Ghana’s compliance with SDGs 10 and 16 are outlined in this paper through a consideration of human rights violations faced by the Ghanaian Muslim and HIV minorities, poor prison conditions, limited public access to justice and the country’s failure to commit to international treaties on human rights. Keywords: Ghana, human rights, rule of law, security, Agenda 2030

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Vergani, Matteo, Angelique Stefanopoulos, Alexandra Lee, Haily Tran, Imogen Richards, Dan Goodhardt, and Greg Barton. Defining and identifying hate motives: bias indicators for the Australian context. Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56311/pozs1016.

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This report presents bias indicators for the Australian context and discusses their concept, uses, benefits and risks. The bias indicators we present are the result of extensive consultations with local experts including academics and practitioners working in law enforcement agencies, government and non-government organisations and community organisations. Trigger warning: this report discusses multiple forms of trauma, hate, and discrimination, including physical violence, racism, and homophobia.

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Silverman, Allison. Using International Law to Advance Women’s Tenure Rights in REDD+. Rights and Resources Initiative, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/uyna2326.

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Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is an international initiative to mitigate climate change in the forest sector. It is intended to incentivize developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as promote sustainable management of forests, and conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. REDD+ has significant implications for land and resource rights, and raises particular concerns for women. These concerns arise from discrimination that women already face in resource management processes, largely due to unclear, unsecure and unequal tenure rights. Women represent a large percentage of the world’s poor, and they are often directly dependent on natural resources. As a result, there are significant risks that REDD+ could exacerbate existing inequalities for women if it fails to respect women’s tenure rights. This paper makes a case for advancing women’s tenure rights and how international law can be used to promote those rights in the context of REDD+.

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Sribniak, Olha. Native Others: What Implications Does the Law on Indigenous Peoples Have for Ukraine’s Indigenous Population? European Centre for Minority Issues, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/hdbb5593.

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In July 2021, the Ukrainian Parliament adopted a Law on Indigenous Peoples. It provides a framework for the protection of the rights of the indigenous peoples of the Crimean Peninsula, namely Crimean Tatars, Karaites and Krymchaks, and excludes Mariupol Greeks as a minority potentially qualifying for the status of the fourth indigenous group residing outside of Crimea. What was the general context of the adoption of the Law? What rights does it envisage? And what could the Law potentially bring to the recognized indigenous peoples? This blog post attempts to answer these questions.

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Pavlyuk, Ihor. MEDIACULTURE AS A NECESSARY FACTOR OF THE CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF ETHNIC AND NATIONAL IDENTITY. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11071.

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The article deals with the mental-existential relationship between ethnoculture, national identity and media culture as a necessary factor for their preservation, transformation, on the example of national original algorithms, matrix models, taking into account global tendencies and Ukrainian archetypal-specific features in Ukraine. the media actively serve the domestic oligarchs in their information-virtual and real wars among themselves and the same expansive alien humanitarian acts by curtailing ethno-cultural programs-projects on national radio, on television, in the press, or offering the recipient instead of a pop pointer, without even communicating to the audience the information stipulated in the media laws − information support-protection-development of ethno-culture national product in the domestic and foreign/diaspora mass media, the support of ethnoculture by NGOs and the state institutions themselves. In the context of the study of the cultural national socio-humanitarian space, the article diagnoses and predicts the model of creating and preserving in it the dynamic equilibrium of the ethno-cultural space, in which the nation must remember the struggle for access to information and its primary sources both as an individual and the state as a whole, culture the transfer of information, which in the process of globalization is becoming a paramount commodity, an egregore, and in the post-traumatic, interrupted-compensatory cultural-information space close rehabilitation mechanisms for national identity to become a real factor in strengthening the state − and vice versa in the context of adequate laws («Law about press and other mass media», Law «About printed media (press) in Ukraine», Law «About Information», «Law about Languages», etc.) and their actual effect in creating motivational mechanisms for preserving/protecting the Ukrainian language, as one of the main identifiers of national identity, information support for its expansion as labels cultural and geostrategic areas.

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Davies, Andrew L. B., Valeria Liu, and Elisa Torossian. The Rural Texas Sheriff. SMU Dedman School of Law, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/dc.7.

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The Rural Texas Sheriff reports on a focus group conducted in conjunction with the Deason Center's 2019 Rural Criminal Justice Summit. The report places rural Texas sheriffs and their agencies in a national context. It also offers insight into the focus group's perceptions of rural law enforcement and jail management. With first-hand accounts of these sheriffs’ experiences, the report offers a compelling look at the personal and professional lives of Texas’ rural sheriffs.

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BESTAEVA, E., and U. TEDEEVA. SOME ASPECTS OF THE WORLDVIEW FOUNDATIONS OF BIOETHICS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-3-2-14-24.

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The purpose of the work is to determine the specifics of the worldview foundations of bioethics, their structure, nature and essence of man in the context of the “new experience” in the field of biotechnology. Research methods - philosophical and general logical.”New experience” in the field of biotechnology, as a stimulating discussion of anthropological, axiological and social problems, must be guided by the strategy of personal preservation and the methodology of human integrity and have value-worldview attitudes as real prerequisites. In the new ethics, the fundamental principles of two historically established systems - individualism and conciliarism (collectivism) are considered in the form of complement, not contradictory. We are only talking about their ratio and the degree of demand. At the same time, the state and society, and not “personal law”, are of decisive importance.

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Einhorn, Robert, Dina Esfandiary, Anton Khlopkov, Grégoire Mallard, and Andreas Persbo. From the Iran nuclear deal to a Middle East Zone? Lessons from the JCPOA for the ME WMDFZ. Edited by Chen Zak and Farzan Sabet. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/wmdfz/2021/jcpoa1.

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The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) explicitly states that it “should not be considered as setting precedents for any other state or for fundamental principles of international law.” However, its unique negotiations process, provisions, and implementation created an important set of tools that could provide valuable insights and lessons for a Middle East Weapons of mass Destruction Free Zone (ME WMDFZ). Understanding these tools in a regional context based on the JCPOA experience could provide ME WMDFZ negotiators and researchers important additional tools, ideas, and lessons learned on the road toward negotiating a Zone treaty. This series explores lessons from the JCPOA for the ME WMDFZ through essays focusing on five key themes, including the Iran nuclear deal’s negotiating process, structure and format; nuclear fuel cycle activities and research; safeguards and verification; nuclear cooperation; and compliance and enforcement.

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