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Статті в журналах з теми "5-axis strategy"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 травня 2022

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1

Wang, Dan, Wu Yi Chen, and Rui Qiu Wang. "5-Axis Tool Positioning via RFIM Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.874.

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A new strategy for 5-axis NC machining called Rotate-For-Intersect Machining (RFIM) was presented in this paper. The cutter was settled by two cutter contact points and in order to obtain optimized tool position and orientation, grid point method and bi-section method ware utilized in searching cutter’s rotate angle and tilt angle. Finally the algorithm was implemented on UG platform following further development and the effectiveness of the method was validated.

2

Chaves-Jacob, Julien, Gérard Poulachon, and Emmanuel Duc. "Optimal strategy for finishing impeller blades using 5-axis machining." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 58, no. 5-8 (June 11, 2011): 573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3424-1.

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3

TAKASUGI, Keigo, Yoshiki OGAMI, Akio HAYASHI, Yoshitaka MORIMOTO, and Naoki ASAKAWA. "Strategy of 5-axis Tool Path Determination Using Extended C-space." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 85, no. 4 (April 5, 2019): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.85.374.

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4

Jousselin, Baptiste, Yann Quinsat, and Christophe Tournier. "A 5-axis pocket roughing strategy reducing the remaining material volume." Procedia CIRP 82 (2019): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.146.

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5

Duarte, Joao, Isabel Espírito Santo, M. Teresa T. Monteiro, and A. Ismael F. Vaz. "Curved layer path planning on a 5-axis 3D printer." Rapid Prototyping Journal 28, no. 4 (October 7, 2021): 629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-02-2021-0025.

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Purpose This paper aims to provide an approach to print shell-type objects using a 5-axis printer. The proposed approach takes advantage of the two additional printer degrees of freedom to provide a curved layer path planning strategy. Design/methodology/approach This paper addresses curved layer path planning on a 5-axis printer. This printer considers movements along the three usual axes together with two additional axes at the printing table (rotation and tilt), allowing to build more complex and reliable objects. Curved layer path planning is considered where polygons obtained from the slicing stage are approximated by linear and cubic splines. The proposed printing strategy consists in building an inner core supporting structure followed by outer curved layers. Findings The curved layer path planning strategy is validated for shell-type objects by considering a 5-axis printer simulator. An example with an aeronautic object is presented to illustrate the proposed approach. Originality/value The paper presents an approach to curved layer path planning on a 5-axis printer, for shell-type objects.

6

Hu, Chuang Guo, Ding Hua Zhang, Jun Xue Ren, and Lei Yang. "Research on the 5-axis Machining of Blisk." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.612.

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The study presents a new method for 5-axis machining of blisk, which consists of both roughing tunnels and finishing blades. The ruled surface is used to approximate the freeform surface of blade, and the boundary contour of the tunnel is then determined. Based on the double point offset method, the 5-axis tool paths for roughing blisk tunnel region are generated. Similarly, by linking the corresponding points on the tool center curves and the tool axis drive curves, the spiral tool paths are developed to finish milling thin-walled blades taking into account the residual stresses induced part distortion during machining. This strategy is experimentally verified.

7

Warkentin, Andrew, Fathy Ismail, and Sanjeev Bedi. "Multi-point tool positioning strategy for 5-axis mashining of sculptured surfaces." Computer Aided Geometric Design 17, no. 1 (January 2000): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8396(99)00040-0.

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8

Morimoto, Yoshitaka, Keisuke Nakato, and Motoshi Gontani. "Accuracy Evaluation of 5-Axis Machining Center Based on Measurements of Machined Workpiece – Evaluation of Accuracy of 5-Axis Controlled Machining Center –." International Journal of Automation Technology 6, no. 5 (September 5, 2012): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2012.p0675.

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A new method for evaluating the geometrical accuracy of a 5-axis Machining Center (MC) based on the measurement results of the machined workpiece has been developed. The strategy behind our method is to utilize, because of its accuracy, a Coordinates Measuring Machine (CMM) as a master gauge. Thus, the machine operator machines the workpiece and a technologist of precise measurement takes the measurements. In our study, non-rotational machining is utilized to copy and trace the machine trajectory on the workpiece, minimizing the machining error. The profiles of the machined workpiece are measured and evaluated by a CMM, and the geometric errors of the machining center are extracted. Themeasurement results are sufficiently accurate compared to those taken using the square master gauge calibrated by CMM previously. In this report, the machining setup, including workpiece design, tool design, and cutting conditions, is proposed, and the experimental procedures and results of the evaluation are given.

9

Baskoro, Ario Sunar, Reggi Prasetyo Kurniawan, and Haikal Haikal. "Evaluation of the 2-Axis Movement of a 5-Axis Gantry Robot for Welding Applications." International Journal of Technology 10, no. 5 (October 30, 2019): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v10i5.1865.

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10

LE, Y. S., and T. C. CHAN. "Machined surface error analysis for 5-axis machining." International Journal of Production Research 34, no. 1 (January 1996): 111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549608904894.

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11

Grandguillaume, Laureen, Sylvain Lavernhe, and Christophe Tournier. "A tool path patching strategy around singular point in 5-axis ball-end milling." International Journal of Production Research 54, no. 24 (June 16, 2016): 7480–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1196835.

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12

Tunç, Lütfi Taner, Omer Mehmet Ozkirimli, and Erhan Budak. "Machining strategy development and parameter selection in 5-axis milling based on process simulations." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 85, no. 5-8 (November 9, 2015): 1483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-8001-6.

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13

LEE, Y. S., and T. C. CHANG. "Automatic cutter selection for 5-axis sculptured surface machining." International Journal of Production Research 34, no. 4 (April 1996): 977–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549608904946.

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14

Morishige, K., Y. Takeuchi, and K. Kase. "Tool Path Generation Using C-Space for 5-Axis Control Machining." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 121, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830567.

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Анотація:

The paper deals with the method of tool path generation for 5-axis control machining using a ball end mill. 5-axis control machining has been used for aircraft parts as well as for complicated shapes such as mold and dies. However, most of the present CAM systems for 5-axis control machining have limited functions in terms of tool collision, workpiece shapes and machining methods. For that reason, in many cases the optimal cutter location (CL) data cannot be obtained or considerable time is consumed. To solve this problem, we applied a 3-dimensional configuration space (C-Space) and showed the relationship between all tool positions and postures and the existence of tool collision. The method of tool path generation devised in the study enables users to generate CL data reflecting their own machining strategy such as smooth change in tool posture and the state of machining without considering the gouging. The validity of this method was experimentally confirmed by successfully milling an impeller without tool collision occurring.

15

Sencer, Burak, and Yusuf Altintas. "Identification of 5-Axis Machine Tools Feed Drive Systems for Contouring Simulation." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 3 (May 5, 2011): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0377.

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An identification technique is introduced for identifying closed loop transfer function of machine tool’s feed drive systems to be used in simulation of the tracking and contouring performance of Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) machine tools. The identification is performed from air-cutting tests utilizing only standard G-codes containing linear motion commands. A general transfer function model is derived for representing the closed loop tracking response of the feed drive system. The model considers the drive to be controlled by commonly used controller schemes such as P-PI Cascade, PID or the Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) with feed-forward dynamic and friction compensation. The parameters of the model transfer function are fitted tominimize the discrepancy between the actual and predicted axis position on the axis. In order to guarantee the stability of the identified model transfer function, bounds on the pole locations are imposed. The resultant constrained non-linear optimization problem is solved efficiently using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. For achieving reliable convergence of the stochastic PSO algorithm, a parameter tuning strategy is presented. Simulation and experimental studies show that the identified feed drive model captures the fundamental dynamics of the drives system accurately for simulating their closed loop response. Combined with the kinematics of the machine, contouring errors of 5-axis CNC machine tools during simultaneous multi-axis motion are predicted.

16

Burek, Jan, Michał Gdula, Paweł Sułkowicz, and Piotr Żurek. "Strategy of 5-axis machining of the turbine blades, taking into account changes in the curvature of the machined profile." Mechanik, no. 12 (December 2016): 1892–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2016.12.539.

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17

Chen, Qidi, Wei Li, Chao Jiang, Zhixiong Zhou, and Sangkee Min. "Separation and compensation of geometric errors of rotary axis in 5-axis ultra-precision machine tool by empirical mode decomposition method." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 68 (August 2021): 1509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.06.057.

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18

Nopiyanto, Yahya Eko, Ari Sutisyana, and Fadli Dongoran. "Sports Tourism Development Strategy for Physical Disabilities in Bengkulu City." Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani 5, no. 4 (December 18, 2021): 674–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jk.v5i4.18216.

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The purpose of this study was to formulate a strategy for developing sports tourism for people with physical disabilities in Bengkulu City. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The data analysis technique used SWOT analysis. The results of data analysis show that the results of IFAS and EFAS were used to determine the position of the quadrant. Strengths and weaknesses produce the X-axis, namely X = 1.93 – 1.71 = 0.21, and the Y-axis represents opportunities – threats, namely Y = 1.04 – 2.12 = -1.08 to produce quadrant II or strategy diversification. The strategy applied in this condition is the Strength-Threat, namely: 1) formulating a clear vision and mission to make the Pantai Panjang Tourism Location a friendly sports tourism location for physical disabilities, 2) equipping accessible facilities and infrastructure for physical disabilities at the Semarak Stadium and Youth Sports Center and increase promotion to the public about the achievements of athletes with physical disabilities, 3) involving the Youth and Sports Office, the Indonesian National Sports Committee, academics, private parties and sports clubs in fostering sports achievements, 4) involving the private sector for the development of facilities and infrastructure for physical disabilities, 5) involving the private sector to develop sports clubs for people with physical disabilities.

19

Wang, Li-Ping, Fu-Gui Xie, Xin-Jun Liu, and Jinsong Wang. "Kinematic calibration of the 3-DOF parallel module of a 5-axis hybrid milling machine." Robotica 29, no. 4 (August 12, 2010): 535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574710000433.

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SUMMARYThis paper investigates the kinematic calibration of a 3-DOF parallel mechanism based on the minimal linear combinations of error parameters. The error mapping function between the geometric errors and the output errors is formulated and the identification matrix is generated and simplified. In order to identify the combinations of error parameters, four theorems to analyze the columns of the simplified identification matrix are introduced. Then, an anti-disturbance index is presented to evaluate the identification performance. On the basis of this index, measurement strategy is developed and optimal measuring configurations are given. After external calibration, linear interpolation compensation is applied to improve the terminal accuracy further. Results of experiment show that the method used in this paper is effective and efficient, and the errors are convergent within two iterations generally. This method can be extended to other parallel mechanisms with weakly nonlinear kinematics.

20

Li, L. L., and Y. F. Zhang. "Cutter selection for 5-axis milling of sculptured surfaces based on accessibility analysis." International Journal of Production Research 44, no. 16 (August 15, 2006): 3303–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540500444720.

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21

Yoon, Joung-Hahn. "Tool tip gouging avoidance and optimal tool positioning for 5-axis sculptured surface machining." International Journal of Production Research 41, no. 10 (January 2003): 2125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0020754031000087319.

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22

Zhang, Jiaxing, Limin Ren, Ajuan Zhou, Wenhui Li, Shujie Shang, Yi Liu, Zhenghao Jia, et al. "Tailored Synthesis of ZSM-5 Nanosheets with Controllable b-Axis Thickness and Aspect Ratio: Strategy and Growth Mechanism." Chemistry of Materials 34, no. 7 (March 23, 2022): 3217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00001.

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23

Li, Li Jun, Wei Sun, and Wei Tao Bai. "Research of Missile Radome NC Grinding Based on Iso-Scallop Method." Key Engineering Materials 579-580 (September 2013): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.579-580.80.

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Based on the iso-scallop 5-axis NC machining theory, analyses the convexity and concavity of the missile radome, then research on the processing strategy while using cylindrical grinding wheel and wheeled grinding wheel. At last, discrete the bus of the gyro-rotor and find out the most reasonable grinding parameters according to the radius of curvature of the whole processing bus. So the grinding precision can be increased and controlled.

24

Cosma, Marius. "Study of the Uncut Chip in 5 Axes Ball Nose End Milling for the Fourth Quadrant of the Tool Inclination." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.99.

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The ball nose end milling process, which use a ball nose cutter, is very complex and, generates a pronounced area variation of the cross section in the uncut chip. In this sense, the current paper looks into and assesses some aspects regarding the geometric simulation of the chip generating mechanism in 5 axes ball nose end milling. The influence of tool inclination, however, was not considered in the machining strategy, starting with the tool path program in CAM software, which allows the management of various ways of tool path generation, but cannot decide which one is the best. The present study advances, with minimal approximation, a geometrical method to establish the volume of the uncut chip and area variation of the cross section, obtained in 3D-CAD by four surfaces intersection [1]. Both rotations in 5 axes are considered for the tool and degree range is 0 to 30 for rotary axis A and 0 to-30 for rotary axis B (A+B-in fourth geometrical quadrant).

25

Abbasi, W. A., S. C. Ridgeway, P. D. Adsit, C. D. Crane, and J. Duffy. "Investigation of a Special 6-6 Parallel Platform for Contour Milling." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 122, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.538927.

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Recently, companies have been experimenting with parallel-mechanism based approaches for milling machines. This research presents an investigation into the development of a special 6-6 parallel mechanism for application to contour milling. The idea behind this approach is that existing non-CNC milling equipment can be augmented to increase its capability at a lower cost than purchasing traditional 5-axis machining centers. This paper presents the phase of research associated with developing a parametric kinestatic design methodology for a special 6-6 parallel mechanism (Kinestatic Platform, KP). This methodology was applied to the design specifications associated with 5-axis contour milling. The resulting kinestatic design’s dynamics were evaluated to determine the actuation requirements of each connector. A prototype connector was built to allow the evaluation of actuator response under simulated loading conditions. Joint stiffness and control strategy were of primary concern in evaluating the performance of the prototype connector. The parametric kinestatic design and control strategy results are presented. Several observations are evidenced from the research. Joint deflection is an obvious critical issue and the most difficult to quantify. A scheme is proposed detailing the concept of using a separate metrology frame to overcome difficulties associated with accurate connector length determination. [S1087-1357(00)70101-8]

26

Bi, Q. Z., Y. H. Wang, L. M. Zhu, and H. Ding. "Generating collision-free tool orientations for 5-axis NC machining with a short ball-end cutter." International Journal of Production Research 48, no. 24 (January 27, 2010): 7337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540903436679.

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27

Shen, Chuanliang, Shan Zhang, Zhenhai Gao, Binyu Zhou, Wei Su, and Hongyu Hu. "Study on a Right-Turning Intelligent Vehicle Collision Warning and Avoidance Algorithm Based on Monte Carlo Simulation." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (August 1, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9405760.

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With the development of intelligent vehicle technology, the demand for advanced driver assistant systems kept increasing. To improve the performance of the active safety systems, we focused on right-turning vehicle’s collision warning and avoidance. We put forward an algorithm based on Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the collision probability between the right-turning vehicle and another vehicle (or pedestrian) in intersections. We drew collision probability curves which used time-to-collision as the horizontal axis and collision probability as the vertical axis. We established a three-level collision warning system and used software to calculate and simulate the collision probability and warning process. To avoid the collision actively when turning right, a two-stage braking strategy is applied. Taking four right-turning collision conditions as examples, the two-stage braking strategy was applied, analysing and comparing the anteroposterior curve diagram simultaneously to avoid collision actively and reduce collision probability. By comparison, the collision probability 2 s before active collision avoidance was more than 80% and the collision probability may even reach 100% in certain conditions. To improve the active safety performance, the two-stage braking strategy can reduce the collision probability from exceeding 50% to approaching 0% in 2 s and reduce collision probability to less than 5% in 3 s. By changing four initial positions, the collision probability curve calculation algorithm and the two-stage braking strategy are validated and analysed. The results verified the rationality of the collision probability curve calculation algorithm and the two-stage braking strategy.

28

Zhong, Gaoyan, Ping Liu, Xinliang Mei, Yanqing Wang, Fang Xu, and Shoufeng Yang. "Design Optimization Approach of a Large-Scale Moving Framework for a Large 5-Axis Machining Center." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091598.

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The traditional machine tool design method with metal materials makes large-scale moving structures very heavy, which seriously impacts dynamic performance and results in significant energy consumption. Using sandwich structures of composite materials to replace metal materials is an important strategy for lightweight large-scale moving structures. However, this kind of substitution is generally believed to be difficult because foam-filled sandwich structures usually show nonlinear characteristics and must balance the moving mass, material costs, and structural stiffness. In the present study, we proposed a design optimization approach for a large-scale moving framework in a large 5-axis machining center (L5AMC) considering large dimensions in the x, y, and z work space and high machining speed with the aim of minimizing the displacements of the milling head. An improved approach, named the 3-step design optimization, was executed to obtain the optimum framework structures to solve the contradiction between the moving mass, material costs, and structural stiffness. This approach was based on multi-objective optimization and finite element analysis. The structural stiffness of the framework after optimization increased by 89% compared with before optimization although the mass increased by 6% and the material costs increased by 9%. A finite element simulation under four given operational loads showed that the displacements of the milling head were all less than the design requirement of 0.25 mm. The results indicated that the proposed 3-step design optimization approach for the optimal design of a large-scale moving framework was feasible and successful. A 40 m × 6 m × 4 m L5AMC prototype was manufactured, and the actual verification results indicated that the large-scale moving framework fully met the design requirements of the L5AMC and reduced energy consumption.

29

Mishima, Yoshiyuki, and Shunji Ishihara. "Enteric Microbiota-Mediated Serotonergic Signaling in Pathogenesis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 10235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910235.

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract. Details regarding the pathogenesis of IBS remain largely unknown, though the dysfunction of the brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) axis is a major etiological factor, in which neurotransmitters serve as a key communication tool between enteric microbiota and the brain. One of the most important neurotransmitters in the pathology of IBS is serotonin (5-HT), as it influences gastrointestinal motility, pain sensation, mucosal inflammation, immune responses, and brain activity, all of which shape IBS features. Genome-wide association studies discovered susceptible genes for IBS in serotonergic signaling pathways. In clinical practice, treatment strategies targeting 5-HT were effective for a certain portion of IBS cases. The synthesis of 5-HT in intestinal enterochromaffin cells and host serotonergic signaling is regulated by enteric resident microbiota. Dysbiosis can trigger IBS development, potentially through aberrant 5-HT signaling in the BGM axis; thus, the manipulation of the gut microbiota may be an alternative treatment strategy. However, precise information regarding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-mediated intestinal serotonergic pathway related to the pathogenesis of IBS remains unclear. The present review summarizes current knowledge and recent progress in understanding microbiome–serotonin interaction in IBS cases.

30

Chu, Chih-Hsing, Cheng-Ta Lee, Kai-Wen Tien, and Ching-Jung Ting. "Efficient tool path planning for 5-axis flank milling of ruled surfaces using ant colony system algorithms." International Journal of Production Research 49, no. 6 (March 15, 2011): 1557–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540903501720.

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31

Shan, Chen Wei, Ding Hua Zhang, Jun Xue Ren, and Chuang Guo Hu. "Research on the Plunge Milling Techniques for Open Blisks." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.193.

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In order to improve the efficiency and quality in rough milling for open blisks, the plunge milling strategy is a good choice instead of the traditional 5-axis point milling and flank milling for deep and narrow channels machining. Theory and procedures of using a ruled surface to approximate a freeform surface are presented based on the theory of minimum area. The plunge milling strategy is discussed and developed for open blisks. And the NC programs of plunge milling is further developed and verified based on the UG software. At the end, the open blisk test piece was machined by plunge milling. The result reveals that high-speed plunge milling has increased efficiency greatly in the open blisks rough milling than the traditional methods.

32

Meyghani, Bahman, and Mokhtar Awang. "A Novel Tool Path Strategy for Modelling Complicated Perpendicular Curved Movements." Key Engineering Materials 796 (March 2019): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.796.164.

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Curved surfaces have been widely used in engineering applications such as friction stir welding (FSW), 5 axis CNC machining, and other processes. Therefore, the development of the finite element modelling of the complicated geometries has created a need to determine efficient tool paths. Previous finite element models modelled the single point movement of the tool. However, in industrial applications such as aerospace, mould and die, etc. the movement of the tool is complex. Proper determination of the tool path can lead to substantial savings of the process time, improvement of the workpiece surface quality and the improvement of the tool life, thereby leading to overall cost reduction and higher productivity. This paper presents a new approach for the determination of efficient tool paths in finite element modelling by using ABAQUS® software. VDISP user defined subroutine is used in order to define the complex curved movement of the tool. The results indicate that the method is appropriate for modelling of the tool path, and the tool always has a perpendicular position to the surface. Therefore, the method can be suitable for increasing the application of the finite element modelling in various industries.

33

Suryam, L. V., and B. Balakrishna. "Effect of machining parameters over surface roughness in contour milling of aluminium 2024-T351 using 5-axis parallel kinematic machine." International Journal of Agile Systems and Management 12, no. 1 (2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijasm.2019.098709.

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34

Balakrishna, B., and L. V. Suryam. "Effect of machining parameters over surface roughness in contour milling of aluminium 2024-T351 using 5-axis parallel kinematic machine." International Journal of Agile Systems and Management 12, no. 1 (2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijasm.2019.10019944.

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Liu, Kui, Pei Ling Liu, Hu Wu, and Kah Chuan Shaw. "Study on Tool-Path Generation for Ultra-Precision Machining of Optical Lens Array." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.595.

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In this study, a computer numerical control (CNC) programming software platform for ultra precision machining of optical surfaces was developed based on an MS Windows application framework and openGL. Using cylindrical coordinates, the tool path can be generated based on the polar angle, radius and a linear coordinate of the Z-axis, as well as cutting tool nose radius compensation. A 3D simulation based on tool path generation was developed for machining verification, which largely reduces the oscillation of the machine during the ultra precision machining process. Ultra precision machining of an optical lens array was carried out on a 5-axis ultra precision machining centre using a single crystalline diamond cutter. The experimental results indicated that the oscillation effect can be largely reduced using the cutting tool path using a super steady machining strategy. This software platform is designed as a framework, where the capability and functions can be expanded by adding in more freeform surface packages.

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Jiang, Xi, Chao Hu, Kyle Ferchen, Ji Nie, Xiaolong Cui, Chih-Hong Chen, Liting Cheng, et al. "Targeted Inhibition of STAT/TET1 Axis As a Potent Therapeutic Strategy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 130, Suppl_1 (December 7, 2017): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v130.suppl_1.857.857.

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Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common and fatal forms of hematopoietic malignancies. Over 70% of patients with AML cannot survive over 5 years. Many AML subtypes, such as the MLL -rearranged AMLs, are often associated with unfavorable outcome. Current treatment frequently involves intensive chemotherapy, which impairs the quality of life of the patients. While the incidence of AML is continually rising due to aging, most elder patients cannot bear intensive chemotherapy and are associated with very poor survival. Thus, improved therapeutic strategies with less intensive treatment but a higher cure rate are urgently needed. The Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins (including TET1/2/3) are known to be able to convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), leading to DNA demethylation. In contrast to the repression and tumor-suppressor role of TET2 observed in hematopoietic malignancies, we recently showed that TET1, the founding member of the TET family, was significantly up-regulated in MLL -rearranged AML and played an essential oncogenic role. An independent study by Zhao et al. confirmed the essential oncogenic role of Tet1 in the development of myeloid malignancies. Thus, TET1 is an attractive therapeutic target for AML. In order to identify chemical compounds that may target TET1 signaling, we searched the drug-sensitivity/gene expression database of a total of 20,602 chemical compounds in the NCI-60 collection of cancer cell samples. The expression levels of endogenous TET1 showed a significant positive correlation with the responsiveness of cancer cells across the NCI-60 panel to 953 compounds (r > 0.2; P <0.05). We selected the top 120 with the highest r values and tested their effects on cell viability of TET1 -high and TET1 -low AML cell lines. Finally we got two top candidate compounds, NSC-X1 and especially, NSC-X2, with the highest potency of inhibiting cell viability of TET1 -high AML cell, but not TET1 -low cells. Both compounds significantly suppressed cellular TET1 expression levels as well as 5hmC levels in TET1 -high AML cells. Further, secondary bone marrow transplantation followed by drug treatment was carried out to test the in vivo therapeutic effects of NSC-X1 and NSC-X2. Both candidate compounds significantly inhibited MLL-AF9 -induced AML, by prolonging the median survival from 49 days (control) to 94 (NSC-X1) or >200 (NSC-X2) days. Notably, 57% of the NSC-X2 treated mice were cured. In another AML model induced by AML-ETO9a (AE9a), NSC-X1 and NSC-X2 also exhibited remarkable therapeutic effects, with an elongated median survival from 46 days (control) to 95 (NSC-X1) and 122 (NSC-X2) days, respectively. To decipher the molecular mechanism by which NSC-X2 represses TET1 expression, we treated THP-1 AML cells with moderate to high concentration of NSC-X2 for over 100 days and then isolated a set of individual drug-resistant THP-1 single clones. Through RNA-seq of 6 of the NSC-X2-resistant clones, recurrent mutations were found in 14 genes, including JAK1 . Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to analyze biological relationships amongst the 14 mutated genes. The top one network identified by IPA involving all of the 14 genes is closely associated with the JAK/STAT5 pathway. Results of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed TET1 is one of the direct downstream gene targets of STAT3 and STAT5. Through NMR chemical shift perturbation (CSP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), we showed a strong direct association between STAT3/5 DNA binding domain and the TET1 promoter, which could be severely interrupted by NSC-X2. Compared to currently available JAK/STAT inhibitors (e.g., Pacritinib, KW-2449, Stattic, and sc-355979), our compounds (NSC-370284 and UC-514321) exhibit a much higher selectivity and also a higher efficacy in targeting TET1 -high AML. Taken together, we identified chemical compounds NSC-X1 and especially, NSC-X2, as potent inhibitors that significantly and selectively suppress the viability of AML cells with high level of TET1 expression, and dramatically repress the progression of TET1 -high AML in mice. NSC-X2 directly binds STAT3/5 as STAT inhibitors and thereby suppress TET1 transcription and TET1 signaling, leading to potent anti-leukemic effects. Our results highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting the STAT/TET1 axis by selective inhibitors in AML treatment. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Harris, Brian, Lisetta Lovett, Jonathan Smith, Graham Read, Richard Walker, and Robert Newcombe. "Cardiff Puerperal Mood and Hormone Study. III. Postnatal Depression at 5 to 6 Weeks Postpartum, and its Hormonal Correlates Across the Peripartum Period." British Journal of Psychiatry 168, no. 6 (June 1996): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.6.739.

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BackgroundWe assessed associations of mood at 5–6 weeks postpartum with peripartum saliva cortisol and progesterone profiles.MethodA prospective study involved 120 primiparous women free of major marital, socioeconomic and health problems, who collected saliva twice daily from 2 weeks before delivery to day 35 postpartum. This allowed intensive characterisation of cortisol and progesterone profiles. At the conclusion of the study, mood was assessed according to standard criteria.ResultsSeven women developed major depression according to DSM–III–R criteria No associations emerged between progesterone and mood at 5 to 6 weeks. Lower levels of evening cortisol in the immediate peripartum period, were associated with postnatal depression.ConclusionThe study provides no support for the treatment strategy of progesterone augmentation following delivery, as a prophylactic against postnatal depression. The HPA axis and its associations with postnatal mood warrants further investigation.

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Hore, J., S. Watts, and T. Vilis. "Constraints on arm position when pointing in three dimensions: Donders' law and the Fick gimbal strategy." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 2 (August 1, 1992): 374–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.2.374.

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1. While making saccades between targets with the head stationary, eye positions are constrained to two of the possible three degrees of freedom. Classically this constraint has been described by Donders' and Listing's laws. The objective was to determine whether these laws also apply for the straight arm when pointing between different targets. Thus we determined whether the arm adopts only one angular position for every pointing direction (Donders' law) and whether these positions can be described by rotations from a reference position about axes that lie in a plane (Listing's law). 2. The angular positions (orientations) of the arm in three-dimensional space were studied as subjects pointed with a straight arm at different targets. Arm position was measured with the search coil technique by means of coils attached to the back of the hand. Pointing was studied over a range of +/- 45 degrees in all directions from a central target located 45 degrees to the right of the straight-ahead position. 3. The positions of the arm in space were described by quaternion vectors, i.e., a particular position was described in terms of the axis and amplitude of a rotation from a reference position to that position. Using this description, it was found that the straight arm adopted a similar orientation (standard deviations ranged from 2.8 to 4.8 degrees) when pointing at a particular target irrespective of which target from which it had moved. 4. The angular position vectors for arm positions associated with relatively small movements (e.g., less than +/- 30 degrees) lay in a flat surface with minimal torsion. At first sight, this surface appeared to be similar to Listing's plane of the eye. However, for positions associated with larger movements (e.g., +/- 45 degrees) it became apparent that, unlike the eye, the surface deviated from one obeying Listing's law, i.e., it was twisted and showed torsion like that produced by rotations around the horizontal and vertical axes of a Fick gimbal. (The characteristic of a Fick gimbal is that the vertical axis is fixed, whereas the horizontal axis moves with the gimbal.) 5. Although there were differences between subjects, all showed a twisted position vector surface. The twist was always in the same direction, and it was always less than that of a Fick gimbal. 6. This position vector surface had a similar shape whether the arm was stationary or was moving between targets, whether subjects pointed with or without vision, and whether the pointing arm had moved between targets or from a bent-elbow position on the lap.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Koster, A. J., J. Walz, D. Typke, M. Nitsch, and W. Baumeister. "Three Dimensional imaging of biological macromolecules." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 732–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100140038.

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3D imaging of both cellular structures as well as molecular assemblies of biological molecules has become an increasingly useful tool to study structure-function relationships of biological systems. In this paper instrumental and methodological developments are discussed towards automated 3D imaging, which will be illustrated by examples of structures studied in Martinsried. To image individual structures with dimensions in the range of 10-500 nm with a resolution of 1-5 nm, electron tomography is the only technique available. The strategy of choice depends on size and shape of the structure to be reconstructed. Single-tilt axis tomography is suitable for the reconstruction of unique structures (for example, irregularly shaped viruses or cellular structures). Random conical-tilt data collection, as well as angular reconstitution techniques, can be used to reconstruct the average structure of many copies of a particle, such as those present in suspension of one kind of protein. To reconstruct a unique structure with single-tilt axis tomography the tilt range and tilt increments are chosen to meet the resolution desired within the constraint of the allowable electron doses (Table 1).

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Angelaki, Dora E., Shawn D. Newlands, and J. David Dickman. "Inactivation of Semicircular Canals Causes Adaptive Increases in Otolith-Driven Tilt Responses." Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 1635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00775.2001.

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Growing experimental and theoretical evidence suggests a functional synergy in the processing of otolith and semicircular canal signals for the generation of the vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs). In this study we have further tested this functional interaction by quantifying the adaptive changes in the otolith-ocular system during both rotational and translational movements after surgical inactivation of the semicircular canals. For 0.1–0.5 Hz (stimuli for which there is no recovery of responses from the plugged canals), pitch and roll VOR gains recovered during earth-horizontal (but not earth-vertical) axis rotations. Corresponding changes were also observed in eye movements elicited by translational motion (0.1–5 Hz). Specifically, torsional eye movements increased during lateral motion, whereas vertical eye movements increased during fore-aft motion. The findings indicate that otolith signals can be adapted according to a compromised strategy that leads to improved gaze stabilization during motion. Because canal-plugged animals permanently lose the ability to discriminate gravitoinertial accelerations, adapted animals can use the presence of gravity through otolith-driven tilt responses to assist gaze stabilization during earth-horizontal axis rotations.

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Laukova, Marcela, Lishay G. Alaluf, Lidia I. Serova, Victoria Arango, and Esther L. Sabban. "Early Intervention With Intranasal NPY Prevents Single Prolonged Stress-Triggered Impairments in Hypothalamus and Ventral Hippocampus in Male Rats." Endocrinology 155, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 3920–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1192.

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Abstract Intranasal administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a promising treatment strategy to reduce traumatic stress-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We evaluated the potential of intranasal NPY to prevent dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a core neuroendocrine feature of PTSD. Rats were exposed to single prolonged stress (SPS), a PTSD animal model, and infused intranasally with vehicle or NPY immediately after SPS stressors. After 7 days undisturbed, hypothalamus and hippocampus, 2 structures regulating the HPA axis activity, were examined for changes in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and CRH expression. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone, and hypothalamic CRH mRNA, were significantly higher in the vehicle but not NPY-treated group, compared with unstressed controls. Although total GR levels were not altered in hypothalamus, a significant decrease of GR phosphorylated on Ser232 and increased FK506-binding protein 5 mRNA were observed with the vehicle but not in animals infused with intranasal NPY. In contrast, in the ventral hippocampus, only vehicle-treated animals demonstrated elevated GR protein expression and increased GR phosphorylation on Ser232, specifically in the nuclear fraction. Additionally, SPS-induced increase of CRH mRNA in the ventral hippocampus was accompanied by apparent decrease of CRH peptide particularly in the CA3 subfield, both prevented by NPY. The results show that early intervention with intranasal NPY can prevent traumatic stress-triggered dysregulation of the HPA axis likely by restoring HPA axis proper negative feedback inhibition via GR. Thus, intranasal NPY has a potential as a noninvasive therapy to prevent negative effects of traumatic stress.

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Zhang, W., Y. F. Zhang *, and Q. J. Ge. "Interference-free tool path generation for 5-axis sculptured surface machining using rational Bézier motions of a flat-end cutter." International Journal of Production Research 43, no. 19 (October 2005): 4103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540500168188.

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Sai, Lotfi, Rami Belguith, Maher Baili, Gilles Dessein, and Wassila Bouzid. "An approach to modeling the chip thickness and cutter workpiece engagement region in 3 and 5 axis ball end milling." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 34 (August 2018): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.05.018.

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Huertas, Alice, Ly Tu, Raphaël Thuillet, Morane Le Hiress, Carole Phan, Nicolas Ricard, Sophie Nadaud, Elie Fadel, Marc Humbert, and Christophe Guignabert. "Leptin signalling system as a target for pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy." European Respiratory Journal 45, no. 4 (March 5, 2015): 1066–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00193014.

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Excessive proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs) and perivascular inflammation lead to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) progression, but they are not specifically targeted by the current therapies. Since leptin (Ob) and its main receptor ObR-b contribute to systemic vascular cell proliferation and inflammation, we questioned whether targeting Ob/ObR-b axis would be an effective antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory strategy against PAH.In idiopathic PAH (iPAH), using human lung tissues and primary cell cultures (early passages ≤5), we demonstrate that pulmonary endothelial cells (P-ECs) over produce Ob and that PA-SMCs overexpress ObR-b. Furthermore, we obtain evidence that Ob enhances proliferation of human PA-SMCs in vitro and increases right ventricular systolic pressure in Ob-treated mice in the chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) model. Using human cells, we also show that Ob leads to monocyte activation and increases cell adhesion molecule expression levels in P-ECs. We also find that Ob/ObR-b axis contributes to PH susceptibility by using ObR-deficient rats, which display less severe hypoxia-induced PH (pulmonary haemodynamics, arterial muscularisation, PA-SMC proliferation and perivascular inflammation). Importantly, we demonstrate the efficacy of two curative strategies using a soluble Ob neutraliser and dichloroacetate in hypoxia-induced PH.We demonstrate here that Ob/ObR-b axis may represent anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory targets in PAH.

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Lucas, Théotim, Isabelle Quidu, S. Lori Bridal, and Jerome Gateau. "High-Contrast and -Resolution 3-D Ultrasonography with a Clinical Linear Transducer Array Scanned in a Rotate-Translate Geometry." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020493.

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We proposed a novel solution for volumetric ultrasound imaging using single-side access 3-D synthetic aperture scanning of a clinical linear array. This solution is based on an advanced scanning geometry and a software-based ultrasound platform. The rotate-translate scanning scheme increases the elevation angular aperture by pivoting the array (−45° to 45°) around its array axis (axis along the row of its elements) and then scans the imaged object for each pivoted angle by translating the array perpendicularly to the rotation axis. A theoretical basis is presented so that the angular and translational scan sampling periods can be best adjusted for any linear transducer array. We experimentally implemented scanning with a 5-MHz array. In vitro characterization was performed with phantoms designed to test resolution and contrast. Spatial resolution assessed based on the full-width half-maximum of images from isolated microspheres was increased by a factor of 3 along the translational direction from a simple translation scan of the array. Moreover, the resolution was uniform over a cross-sectional area of 4.5 cm2. Angular sampling periods were optimized and tapered to decrease the scan duration while maintaining image contrast (contrast at the center of a 5-mm cyst on the order of −26 dB for 4° angular period and a scan duration of 10 s for a 9-cm3 volume). We demonstrated that superior 3-D ultrasound imaging can be obtained with a clinical array using our scanning strategy. This technique offers a promising and flexible alternative to development of costly matrix arrays toward the development of sensitive volumetric ultrasonography.

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Mendoza M, Dr Gabriel. "EDUCATION FOR PEACE AND THE ETHICAL DIMENSION IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING PROCESSES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i4.2019.871.

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The present text deals with aspects concerning the integration of concepts conferred to the instruction of the ethical dimension, in processes of formation of the common axis in professionalization and university incursion, as a strategy promoted in education for peace. Based on transdisciplinary approaches, which allow addressing said emblem from an integral perspective. Allowing itself, to explore the different perceptions emanated from those who are in the process of formation, from methodological premises of an exploratory descriptive nature, taking as an initial axis the semi-structured interview with 5 groups of students of a public university, out of a total of 25, assigned to different areas of knowledge, whose common feature is the course of materials and content in the ethics instruction within the professional practice and its participation iSocialn the rubric of education for peace. In this way, general perceptions are generated, which allow us to investigate possible conceptions that are currently found in the group undergoing formation. Delimited in this way, broad strategic possibilities for the formation of instructional content aimed at adequate comprehensive understanding, constituted in current processes of education for peace.

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Zaujec, Rudolf, Peter Pokorný, František Jurina, Tomáš Vopát, and Vladimír Šimna. "Influence of Finish Milling Strategies on the Tool Wear." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 26, no. 42 (June 1, 2018): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2018-0024.

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Abstract The article deals with the tool life of ball nose end mills during finish milling of weld deposit. The aim was to determine and compare the wear of ball nose end mill for different types of ball end milling strategies, as well as to specify particular steps of the measurement process. For tool life test, DMG DMU 85 monoBLOCK 5-axis CNC milling machine was used. In the experiment, the cutting speeds, feed rates, axial and radial depth of cut were constant. The coated cemented carbide was used as tool material. The cutting tool wear was measured on Zoller Genius 3s and laser Blum Micro Compact NT. The results show different achieved tool life of ball nose end mills depending on the finish milling strategy.

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Syaefudin, Eko Arif, Gandjar Kiswanto, and Ario Sunar Baskoro. "Development of Tool Orientation Strategy with Alternative Orientation and Non-machinable Area Identification in 5-Axis Peripheral Milling of a Sculptured Surface based on a Faceted Models." International Journal of Technology 12, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v12i1.4114.

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Jia, Yongning, Ziyu Li, Xiaojing Cheng, Xiaojiang Wu, Fei Pang, Jinyao Shi, Shen Li та ін. "Depletion of death-associated protein-3 induces chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells through the β-catenin/LGR5/Bcl-2 axis". Journal of Investigative Medicine 67, № 5 (20 лютого 2019): 856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2018-000934.

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Previously, we demonstrated that death-associated protein-3 (DAP3) loss drives chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells. In the present study, we aimed to determine the underlying molecular mechanism. The effect of DAP3 silencing on β-catenin signaling was assessed. The direct mediator of DAP3 silencing-induced chemoresistance was identified. Depletion of DAP3 stimulates nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and enhances β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity in gastric cancer cells. However, the protein kinase B , , extracellular regulated protein kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathways remain unaffected by DAP3 loss. We found that the downstream target gene LGR5 (leucine-rich G-protein coupled receptor 5) is upregulated in DAP3-depleted gastric cancer cells. Moreover, knockdown of LGR5 resensitizes DAP3-depleted gastric cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin. We also observed that ectopic expression of LGR5 reduces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells on treatment with 5-FU and oxaliplatin, which is accompanied by prevention of caspase-3 cleavage. The antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 is identified as a key mediator of LGR5-induced apoptosis resistance in gastric cancer cells. The present findings indicate that DAP3 deficiency-induced chemoresistance in gastric cancer is at least partially mediated through the β-catenin/LGR5/Bcl-2 axis. Targeting LGR5 may provide a novel strategy to overcome chemoresistance in DAP3-deficient gastric cancer cells.

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Yuliyana, Yuliyana, Fakhry Zamzam, and Luis Marnisah. "Analisis Kesadaran Merek dan Kepuasan Pelanggan ( Studi Kasus pada Pengguna Aplikasi Pembayaran Elektronik PT. Visionet Internasional OVO) di Palembang)." Integritas Jurnal Manajemen Profesional (IJMPRO) 1, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35908/ijmpro.v1i1.1.

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This research is a qualitative method research, it is conducted to analyze brand awareness and customer satisfaction from one of the FINTECH OVO electronic payment application systems. In analyzing the brand awareness, there are top of mind indicators, brand recall, brand recognition, and unware brand. Meanwhile, to analyze customer satisfaction with 5 indicators namely, tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. Those are analyzed by using direct interviews to customers and in analyzing companies, namely PT. International Visionet uses SWOT analysis and SWOT matrix. In this research, there were 100 samples, with the location of the distribution of questionnaires dissemination in several locations of shopping centers, offices and universities in Palembang city. Based on the results of interviews with OVO customers, the results on brand awareness and customer satisfaction were divided into several groups, namely from the grouping of respondents by age, occupation, education address and gender. In the brand awareness variable, 70% of customers were aware of the product in terms of top of mind indicators, 77.25% brand recall, 93% brand recognition and 73.5% unware brand. Meanwhile, for the customer satisfaction variable the results obtained were tangibles 83%, reliability 95.75%, responsiveness 74.5%, assurance 94% and empaty 55%. For the analysis at PT. Visionet International, the results of a SWOT analysis using the SWOT matrix and Cartesian diagrams, the results of the analysis showed that an X axis was 0.8 and a Y axis was 0.7. Therefore, based on the research findings, it showed that the strategy which must be done by the company was to use the company's strength strategy and to take advantage of opportunities that exist in the company.